The adequacy of language education largely depends on the favorable and unfavorable emotions that teachers and students experience throughout the education process.Simply said,emotional factors play a key role in impr...The adequacy of language education largely depends on the favorable and unfavorable emotions that teachers and students experience throughout the education process.Simply said,emotional factors play a key role in improving the quality of language teaching and learning.Furthermore,these emotional factors also promote the well-being of language teachers and learners and place them in a suitable mental condition.In view of the favorable impact of emotional factors on the mental health of language teachers and learners,many educational scholars around the world have studied these factors,their background,and their pedagogical consequences.Nonetheless,the majority of previous studies have employed traditional research methods in assessing these variables and their influences on language teachers’and learners’mental health.Because of the complex and dynamic quality of emotional factors,traditional research approaches often fail to evaluate these factors and their dynamic,non-linear connections with teachers’and learners’mental health and well-being.Accordingly,some novel research approaches are required to measure the dynamicity and complexity of emotional factors in language education settings.To address this call,the current state-of-the-art conceptual article seeks to provide new insights for investigating emotional factors and their potential impact on language teachers’and learners’mental states.This study also intends to offer a comprehensive list of emerging methods that take into account the complex and dynamic nature of emotional variables.Finally,the study outlines the potential implications of this review for educational researchers.展开更多
There are different ways to examine and explain a study and its findings based on using numbers as a measure,a descriptive style,or a mixture of both.These three research approaches are quantitative,qualitative,and mi...There are different ways to examine and explain a study and its findings based on using numbers as a measure,a descriptive style,or a mixture of both.These three research approaches are quantitative,qualitative,and mixed methods that are commonly used by researchers in various research studies.However,with many options regarding the research design,it seems challenging for researchers to select the most appropriate approach based on the study and realize differences.This study provides a comprehensive review of qualitative,quantitative,and mixed-method research methods.Each method is clearly defined and specifically discussed based on applications,types,advantages,and limitations to help researchers identify select the most relevant type based on each study and navigate accordingly.展开更多
Objective To review the research methods of mass casualty incident （MCI） systematically and introduce the concept and characteristics of complexity science and artificial system,computational experiments and paralle...Objective To review the research methods of mass casualty incident （MCI） systematically and introduce the concept and characteristics of complexity science and artificial system,computational experiments and parallel execution （ACP） method.Data sources We searched PubMed,Web of Knowledge,China Wanfang and China Biology Medicine （CBM） databases for relevant studies.Searches were performed without year or language restrictions and used the combinations of the following key words：“mass casualty incident”,“MCI”,“research method”,“complexity science”,“ACP”,“approach”,“science”,“model”,“system” and “response”.Study selection Articles were searched using the above keywords and only those involving the research methods of mass casualty incident （MCI） were enrolled.Results Research methods of MCI have increased markedly over the past few decades.For now,dominating research methods of MCI are theory-based approach,empirical approach,evidence-based science,mathematical modeling and computer simulation,simulation experiment,experimental methods,scenario approach and complexity science.Conclusions This article provides an overview of the development of research methodology for MCI.The progresses of routine research approaches and complexity science are briefly presented in this paper.Furthermore,the authors conclude that the reductionism underlying the exact science is not suitable for MCI complex systems.And the only feasible alternative is complexity science.Finally,this summary is followed by a review that ACP method combining artificial systems,computational experiments and parallel execution provides a new idea to address researches for complex MCI.展开更多
AIMTo describe the development and validation of a novel neuronavigation-based method, which allows the quan-tification of the anatomical features that define anapproach, as well as real-time visualization of the surg...AIMTo describe the development and validation of a novel neuronavigation-based method, which allows the quan-tification of the anatomical features that define anapproach, as well as real-time visualization of the surgicapyramid. METHODSThe method was initially developed with commercially-available hardware for coordinate collection （a digitizerand a frameless navigation system） and software forvolume rendering; dedicated neuronavigation software （ApproachViewer, part of GTx-UHN） was then developed. The accuracy of measurements and the possibility of volumetric rendering of surgical approaches simulated in a phantom were compared among three different methods and commercially-available radiological software. In the anatomy laboratory, ApproachViewer was applied to the comparative quantitative analysis of multiple neurosurgical approaches and was used by many surgeons who were untrained for the research method.RESULTSThe accuracy of ApproachViewer is comparable to com-mercially-available radiological software. In the anatomy laboratory, the method appears versatile. The system can be easily used after brief training. ApproachViewer allows for real-time evaluation and comparison of surgical approaches, as well as post-dissection analyses of collected data. The accuracy of the method depends on the navigation registration： with a 1-2 mm registration error, it is adequate for evaluation and comparison of most neurosurgical approaches.CONCLUSIONThis new research method and software allows semi-automated visualization, quantifcation, and comparison of neurosurgical approaches in the anatomy laboratory.展开更多
1.Introduction Eating disorders(ED)are the most common psychiatric disorders afflicting young women^1 and contribute to great detriments in psychological,social,and physical health.^(2,3)Unfortunately,ED treatments te...1.Introduction Eating disorders(ED)are the most common psychiatric disorders afflicting young women^1 and contribute to great detriments in psychological,social,and physical health.^(2,3)Unfortunately,ED treatments tend to be long lasting,intensive,and expensive.~4Additionally,individuals with ED seeking treatment use healthcare services more frequently than non-ED individu-展开更多
To meet the demands posed by the socialist market economy, to foster the close integration of science & technology with the national economy and thus to promote the development of the forces of production are targ...To meet the demands posed by the socialist market economy, to foster the close integration of science & technology with the national economy and thus to promote the development of the forces of production are targets pursued by the current drive of restructuring China’s existing S&T system.For this,the CAS Shenyang Branch has conducted rewarding exploration by diversifying various approaches when moving into the market.As a result,it is not only boosting its own development,but also increasing the strength of the local economy.展开更多
Agriculture is undergoing a pivotal transformation,shifting from a singular focus on food security to interdisciplinary research that encompasses food security,environmental protection and sustainable use of resources...Agriculture is undergoing a pivotal transformation,shifting from a singular focus on food security to interdisciplinary research that encompasses food security,environmental protection and sustainable use of resources.The growing global population and climate change exert the urgency to adopt sustainable practices that balance crop productivity and environmental stewardship.The merit of the approach of past agricultural research,typically centered on single processes and limited to specific disciplines and goals,is now a subject to debate.There is need for a multi-objective approach,an enhancement of the whole industry chain enhancement(involves service from the initial raw material stage to the final consumer)and a holistic approach for sustainable agricultural development.To address these challenges,this article presents an innovative agricultural system research approach.This approach integrates interdisciplinary research and advocates for a combined top-down and bottom-up strategy.The concept of innovative agriculture refers to redesigning systems through technological integration for large-scale application,ultimately aiming to enhance overall crop production,environmental sustainability and efficiency.The top-down approach sets yield targets and environmental thresholds at various scales,aligning with national objectives for food security,resource use efficiency and ecological sustainability.This method determines the necessary technical systems and integration methods.In contrast,the bottom-up approach based on Science and Technology Backyard,analyzes the factors that constrain high crop yields and efficiency,and develops systematic methods to achieve high yield and high efficiency.The integrated agricultural research approach can simultaneously address food security challenges,enhances resource use efficiency,and protect the environmental sustainability.This is essential for advancing sustainable agricultural practices in the face of increasing global demands and environmental concerns.展开更多
基金supported by Nanjing Normal University’s New Liberal Arts Research and Reform Project in 2021.
文摘The adequacy of language education largely depends on the favorable and unfavorable emotions that teachers and students experience throughout the education process.Simply said,emotional factors play a key role in improving the quality of language teaching and learning.Furthermore,these emotional factors also promote the well-being of language teachers and learners and place them in a suitable mental condition.In view of the favorable impact of emotional factors on the mental health of language teachers and learners,many educational scholars around the world have studied these factors,their background,and their pedagogical consequences.Nonetheless,the majority of previous studies have employed traditional research methods in assessing these variables and their influences on language teachers’and learners’mental health.Because of the complex and dynamic quality of emotional factors,traditional research approaches often fail to evaluate these factors and their dynamic,non-linear connections with teachers’and learners’mental health and well-being.Accordingly,some novel research approaches are required to measure the dynamicity and complexity of emotional factors in language education settings.To address this call,the current state-of-the-art conceptual article seeks to provide new insights for investigating emotional factors and their potential impact on language teachers’and learners’mental states.This study also intends to offer a comprehensive list of emerging methods that take into account the complex and dynamic nature of emotional variables.Finally,the study outlines the potential implications of this review for educational researchers.
文摘There are different ways to examine and explain a study and its findings based on using numbers as a measure,a descriptive style,or a mixture of both.These three research approaches are quantitative,qualitative,and mixed methods that are commonly used by researchers in various research studies.However,with many options regarding the research design,it seems challenging for researchers to select the most appropriate approach based on the study and realize differences.This study provides a comprehensive review of qualitative,quantitative,and mixed-method research methods.Each method is clearly defined and specifically discussed based on applications,types,advantages,and limitations to help researchers identify select the most relevant type based on each study and navigate accordingly.
文摘Objective To review the research methods of mass casualty incident （MCI） systematically and introduce the concept and characteristics of complexity science and artificial system,computational experiments and parallel execution （ACP） method.Data sources We searched PubMed,Web of Knowledge,China Wanfang and China Biology Medicine （CBM） databases for relevant studies.Searches were performed without year or language restrictions and used the combinations of the following key words：“mass casualty incident”,“MCI”,“research method”,“complexity science”,“ACP”,“approach”,“science”,“model”,“system” and “response”.Study selection Articles were searched using the above keywords and only those involving the research methods of mass casualty incident （MCI） were enrolled.Results Research methods of MCI have increased markedly over the past few decades.For now,dominating research methods of MCI are theory-based approach,empirical approach,evidence-based science,mathematical modeling and computer simulation,simulation experiment,experimental methods,scenario approach and complexity science.Conclusions This article provides an overview of the development of research methodology for MCI.The progresses of routine research approaches and complexity science are briefly presented in this paper.Furthermore,the authors conclude that the reductionism underlying the exact science is not suitable for MCI complex systems.And the only feasible alternative is complexity science.Finally,this summary is followed by a review that ACP method combining artificial systems,computational experiments and parallel execution provides a new idea to address researches for complex MCI.
基金Supported by Fondazione"Giuseppe Alazio",via Torquato Tasso,22,90144 Palermo,Italy(to Doglietto F)
文摘AIMTo describe the development and validation of a novel neuronavigation-based method, which allows the quan-tification of the anatomical features that define anapproach, as well as real-time visualization of the surgicapyramid. METHODSThe method was initially developed with commercially-available hardware for coordinate collection （a digitizerand a frameless navigation system） and software forvolume rendering; dedicated neuronavigation software （ApproachViewer, part of GTx-UHN） was then developed. The accuracy of measurements and the possibility of volumetric rendering of surgical approaches simulated in a phantom were compared among three different methods and commercially-available radiological software. In the anatomy laboratory, ApproachViewer was applied to the comparative quantitative analysis of multiple neurosurgical approaches and was used by many surgeons who were untrained for the research method.RESULTSThe accuracy of ApproachViewer is comparable to com-mercially-available radiological software. In the anatomy laboratory, the method appears versatile. The system can be easily used after brief training. ApproachViewer allows for real-time evaluation and comparison of surgical approaches, as well as post-dissection analyses of collected data. The accuracy of the method depends on the navigation registration： with a 1-2 mm registration error, it is adequate for evaluation and comparison of most neurosurgical approaches.CONCLUSIONThis new research method and software allows semi-automated visualization, quantifcation, and comparison of neurosurgical approaches in the anatomy laboratory.
文摘1.Introduction Eating disorders(ED)are the most common psychiatric disorders afflicting young women^1 and contribute to great detriments in psychological,social,and physical health.^(2,3)Unfortunately,ED treatments tend to be long lasting,intensive,and expensive.~4Additionally,individuals with ED seeking treatment use healthcare services more frequently than non-ED individu-
文摘To meet the demands posed by the socialist market economy, to foster the close integration of science & technology with the national economy and thus to promote the development of the forces of production are targets pursued by the current drive of restructuring China’s existing S&T system.For this,the CAS Shenyang Branch has conducted rewarding exploration by diversifying various approaches when moving into the market.As a result,it is not only boosting its own development,but also increasing the strength of the local economy.
文摘Agriculture is undergoing a pivotal transformation,shifting from a singular focus on food security to interdisciplinary research that encompasses food security,environmental protection and sustainable use of resources.The growing global population and climate change exert the urgency to adopt sustainable practices that balance crop productivity and environmental stewardship.The merit of the approach of past agricultural research,typically centered on single processes and limited to specific disciplines and goals,is now a subject to debate.There is need for a multi-objective approach,an enhancement of the whole industry chain enhancement(involves service from the initial raw material stage to the final consumer)and a holistic approach for sustainable agricultural development.To address these challenges,this article presents an innovative agricultural system research approach.This approach integrates interdisciplinary research and advocates for a combined top-down and bottom-up strategy.The concept of innovative agriculture refers to redesigning systems through technological integration for large-scale application,ultimately aiming to enhance overall crop production,environmental sustainability and efficiency.The top-down approach sets yield targets and environmental thresholds at various scales,aligning with national objectives for food security,resource use efficiency and ecological sustainability.This method determines the necessary technical systems and integration methods.In contrast,the bottom-up approach based on Science and Technology Backyard,analyzes the factors that constrain high crop yields and efficiency,and develops systematic methods to achieve high yield and high efficiency.The integrated agricultural research approach can simultaneously address food security challenges,enhances resource use efficiency,and protect the environmental sustainability.This is essential for advancing sustainable agricultural practices in the face of increasing global demands and environmental concerns.
