Ultrasound has been widely used in clinics. Cellular responses to low-intensity ultrasound are parameter-dependent. Proper parameter setting is vital to its exact use. To get guidelines for parameter setting, lowinten...Ultrasound has been widely used in clinics. Cellular responses to low-intensity ultrasound are parameter-dependent. Proper parameter setting is vital to its exact use. To get guidelines for parameter setting, lowintensity ultrasound stimulation on the proliferation and reproductivity of Hep G2 and 3T3 cells in vitro was examined with a 1.06 MHz-generator by changing the parameters(including intensity, pulse repetition frequency and duty cycle)in a wide range. Cell viability and reproductivity at different time after sonication were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)and colony formation assay to indicate timerelated proliferation. The results illustrate that ultrasound irradiation at 0.4—0.8 W/cm^2 and high pulse repetition frequency(100 Hz)can facilitate cell proliferation, while above 0.8 W/cm^2 would resist it. The extent of resistance closely correlated with duty cycle and pulse repetition frequency. Resistance effect at low pulse repetition frequency(1 Hz)is greater than that at high pulse repetition frequency(100 Hz)and not time-related. The influence of high pulse repetition frequency is time-accumulated, indicating cellular process involved. These findings would provide valuable guidelines for the application of low-intensity ultrasound in stem cell transformation and tissue engineering.展开更多
Sperm concentration of wild yak bull is 2. 13 billion per milliliter. Survival time at 0-4 ℃ is 57hrs. After thawing survival time at 37 ℃ is 12 hrs. Resistance coefficient is 144,000. Abnormal sperm rate and acroso...Sperm concentration of wild yak bull is 2. 13 billion per milliliter. Survival time at 0-4 ℃ is 57hrs. After thawing survival time at 37 ℃ is 12 hrs. Resistance coefficient is 144,000. Abnormal sperm rate and acrosomal integrated rate of post-thawing is 9.17% and 87.53% respectively. Moving viscosity is 1. 169 cp. Total nitrogen is 1 437.7 mg/100 ml. Head of sperm is significantly shorter and end piece is significantly longer than that of domestic yak and yellow cattle. Activity of hyaluronidase is highly stronger than the domestic yak,and the activity of LDH is higher than the domestic yak by 48 %. Hence,the fertility of the wild yak bull is powerful and the artificial inseminated rate with domestic yak and yellow cattle is 88.9% and 71.58% respectively.展开更多
The Editors of Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction wish to thank all reviewers listed below,as well as any others whose names may have been inadvertently omitted,for contributing their time and expertise in reviewin...The Editors of Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction wish to thank all reviewers listed below,as well as any others whose names may have been inadvertently omitted,for contributing their time and expertise in reviewing manuscripts submitted to the journal in 2025.Their efforts have greatly contributed to the continued growth and quality of the journal.Here we acknowledge,with special thanks,to those who reviewed one or more papers during the year.Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the list;we apologize for any errors or omissions.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the sterilizing potential of zinc gluconate,calcium chloride(CaCl_(2))and cadmium chloride(CdCl_(2))following a single intratesticular administration in adult male rats.Methods:60 adult male W...Objective:To investigate the sterilizing potential of zinc gluconate,calcium chloride(CaCl_(2))and cadmium chloride(CdCl_(2))following a single intratesticular administration in adult male rats.Methods:60 adult male Wistar albino rats(Rattus norvegicus)weighing 160-200 g and aged 5-6 months randomly received a single intratesticular injection of normal saline(Group A),zinc gluconate 13.3 mg/mL plus L-Arginine(Group B),20%CaCl_(2)(Group C),and CdCl_(2)0.5 mg/kg body weight plus ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA)(Group D),respectively,along the entire route from the caudoventral aspect of each testis.They were euthanized up to 180 days to evaluate reproductive tract toxicology.Results:The reproductive organ weights were markedly reduced,with testes severely atrophied in group B,pea-sized and stony hard in group C,and moderately reduced in group D.Azoospermia was evident in groups B and C,while sperm concentration was reduced to<1 million/mL with zero sperm motility in group D.Rats of groups B and C failed to show mounting and copulatory behaviour.A completely disorganized mesh of cellular elements was observed in the seminiferous tubules of group B,while pyknotic germ cell and arrest of spermatogenesis,exfoliated germ cells,occasional syncytial bodies and smaller Leydig cells were evident in groups C and D.Significantly reduced testosterone levels,increased luteinizing hormone(LH)and follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)levels,returned to normal after 90 days in group D.Conclusions:Zinc gluconate and CaCl_(2)injections severely affected the reproductive organs and libido and rats treated with CdCl_(2)exhibited diminished spermatogenesis with normal libido.Thus,the need-based selection of intratesticular agents should consider their distinct effects on spermatogenesis,libido,and hormonal balance for achieving targeted sterilization outcomes.展开更多
Background:Epidemiological studies have confirmed that longer exposure to insecticides like cypermethrin(CYP)significantly increases the risk of male reproductive toxicity.Crocus sativus L.has been recognized due to i...Background:Epidemiological studies have confirmed that longer exposure to insecticides like cypermethrin(CYP)significantly increases the risk of male reproductive toxicity.Crocus sativus L.has been recognized due to its therapeutic properties,but its exact role and molecular mechanisms in treatment of reproductive dysfunction remain unclear.Methods:During this study,36 rats were randomly divided into six groups(n=6):control,CYP-induced(60 mg/kg),standard(leuprolide 3 mg/kg)and three treatment groups receiving aqueous,ethanolic,and oil extracts(50 mg/kg or 20 mL/kg)for post-toxicity induction.Results:The finding represented that exposure of CYP significantly increased oxidative stress,disrupted testicular architecture,and markedly reduced testosterone levels(P<0.05).Importantly,Crocus sativus L.treatment alleviated these changes by increasing the expression of Nrf2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2),restoring the activity of antioxidant enzymes,and enhancing testicular histomorphology.Surprisingly,molecular docking established a high binding affinity of Crocus sativus L.phytoconstituents such as gallic acid,cinnamic acid and quercetin to the Nrf2-Keap1 complex.It is worth noting that,Crocus sativus L.exhibited a high level of protection against reproductive toxicity caused by CYP in male rats,which was mediated by the activation of Nrf2 pathway,reduction of oxidative damage,and favorable ADMET characteristics.Conclusion:Notably,this research provides a more valid,safe,and effective method of developing new drugs for reproductive disorders,however,further investigation is needed to support the research findings and implement it in clinical practice.展开更多
Rationale:This case report describes a couple with recurrent fertilization failure despite undergoing multiple cycles of intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI).The principal clinical concern was suspected oocyte activ...Rationale:This case report describes a couple with recurrent fertilization failure despite undergoing multiple cycles of intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI).The principal clinical concern was suspected oocyte activation deficiency(OAD),in which fertilization is impeded due to the oocyte’s inability to initiate embryogenesis,commonly attributed to inadequate intracellular calcium(Ca^(2+))release following sperm injection.Patient concerns:The couple repeatedly experienced complete or near-complete fertilization failure in previous ICSI cycles,raising suspicion of an underlying oocyte activation defect.Diagnosis:Based on the repeated absence of fertilization post-ICSI and clinical history,a diagnosis of suspected OAD leading to recurrent ICSI fertilization failure was considered.Interventions:Artificial oocyte activation(AOA)using the calcium ionophore A23187 was performed.After ICSI,unfertilized oocytes were exposed to the ionophore to induce Ca^(2+)influx,simulating physiological calcium oscillations essential for oocyte activation.The efficacy of intervention was evaluated through subsequent embryonic development,morphological grading,and chromosomal integrity.Outcomes:Following AOA treatment,successful oocyte activation occurred,resulting in the formation of high-grade embryos with normal developmental progression.Chromosomal analysis revealed no detectable abnormalities,indicating genomic stability.Lessons:Calcium ionophore–mediated AOA may serve as an effective adjunct in cases of recurrent ICSI failure attributed to OAD.This case highlights the importance of individualized therapeutic strategies in assisted reproduction;however,further research is needed to refine protocols,validate broader clinical efficacy,and assess long-term safety,including potential epigenetic risks.展开更多
Objective:Endometrial tuberculosis,which commonly affects women of reproductive age,is a significant cause of intrauterine adhesions(IUA),potentially leading to hypomenorrhea,amenorrhea,and infertility.Hysteroscopic a...Objective:Endometrial tuberculosis,which commonly affects women of reproductive age,is a significant cause of intrauterine adhesions(IUA),potentially leading to hypomenorrhea,amenorrhea,and infertility.Hysteroscopic adhesiolysis is the primary treatment for IUA;however,studies specifically addressing its efficacy in tuberculosisinduced IUA remain scarce.This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic outcomes of hysteroscopic adhesiolysis for IUA caused by endometrial tuberculosis.Methods:This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with tuberculosisinduced IUA who underwent hysteroscopic adhesiolysis at the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between May 2014 and October 2022.Clinical data including age,medical history,adhesion severity,surgical treatment,and reproductive outcomes were analyzed.Results:Among 39 patients identified,2 were lost to follow-up.A total of 37 patients were included,with a follow-up duration ranging from 6 months to 9 years.Hypomenorrhea was reported in 24(64.9%)patients,secondary amenorrhea in 10(27.0%)patients,and normal menstruation in 3(8.1%)patients.Most patients presented with primary infertility(59.5%),and only 2(5.4%)had secondary infertility.The median American Fertility Society(AFS)score at initial assessment was 10(range,8−12);8(21.6%)patients had moderate IUA,and 29(78.4%)had severe IUA.A total of 86 surgical procedures were performed across 37 patients,with 27 patients undergoing 2 or more surgeries.Postoperatively,25(67.6%)patients achieved normalization of the uterine cavity,while 12(32.4%)still had a reduced cavity.Only 7(18.9%)patients had a grossly normal endometrium at the final surgery,all of whom had moderate adhesions at the initial procedure.Menstrual flow returned to normal in 12(32.4%)patients,while 25(67.6%)continued to experience hypomenorrhea.Of 29 patients who attempted in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET),only 6(20.7%)conceived.Among these,4(13.8%)delivered at term via cesarean section;one case was complicated by postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony and another by placental adhesion.Conclusion:Endometrial tuberculosis can lead to severe IUA.Hysteroscopic adhesiolysis facilitates cavity restoration and improvement of menstrual conditions,but the overall reproductive outcomes remain suboptimal.展开更多
Compounds isolated from Epimedium include the total flavonoids of Epimedium,icariin,and its metabolites(icaritin,icariside Ⅰ,and icariside Ⅱ),which have similar molecular structures.Modern pharmacological research a...Compounds isolated from Epimedium include the total flavonoids of Epimedium,icariin,and its metabolites(icaritin,icariside Ⅰ,and icariside Ⅱ),which have similar molecular structures.Modern pharmacological research and clinical practice have proved that Epimedium and its active components have a wide range of pharmacological effects,especially in improving sexual function,hormone regulation,anti-osteoporosis,immune function regulation,anti-oxidation,and anti-tumor activity.To date,we still need a comprehensive source of knowledge about the pharmacological effects of Epimedium and its bioactive compounds on the male reproductive system.However,their actions in other tissues have been reviewed in recent years.This review critically focuses on the Epimedium,its bioactive compounds,and the biochemical and molecular mechanisms that modulate vital pathways associated with the male reproductive system.Such intrinsic knowledge will significantly further studies on the Epimedium and its bioactive compounds that protect the male reproductive system and provide some guidances for clinical treatment of related male reproductive disorders.展开更多
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide,presenting an increasing public health challenge,particularly in lowincome and middle-income countries.However,data on ...BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide,presenting an increasing public health challenge,particularly in lowincome and middle-income countries.However,data on the knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices regarding breast cancer and the associated factors among females in Wollo,Ethiopia,remain limited.AIM To assess the impact of family history(FH)of breast disease on knowledge,attitudes,and breast cancer preventive practices among reproductive-age females.METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in May and June 2022 in Northeast Ethiopia and involved 143 reproductive-age females with FH of breast diseases and 209 without such a history.We selected participants using the systematic random sampling technique.We analyzed the data using Statistical Package for Social Science version 25 software,and logistic regression analysis was employed to determine odds ratios for variable associations,with statistical significance set at P<0.05.RESULTS Among participants with FH of breast diseases,the levels of knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices were found to be 83.9%[95%confidence interval(CI):77.9-89.9],49.0%(95%CI:40.8-57.1),and 74.1%(95%CI:66.9-81.3),respectively.In contrast,among those without FH of breast diseases,these levels were significantly decreased to 10.5%(95%CI:6.4-14.7),32.1%(95%CI:25.7-38.4),and 16.7%(95%CI:11.7-21.8),respectively.This study also indicated that knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices related to breast cancer are significantly higher among participants with FH of breast diseases compared to those without HF breast diseases.CONCLUSION Educational status,monthly income,and community health insurance were identified as significant factors associated with the levels of knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices regarding breast cancer among reproductive-age females.展开更多
Background Sow longevity and reproductivity are essential in the modern swine industry.Although many studies have focused on the genetic and genomic factors for selection,little is known about the associations between...Background Sow longevity and reproductivity are essential in the modern swine industry.Although many studies have focused on the genetic and genomic factors for selection,little is known about the associations between the microbiome and sows with longevity in reproduction.Results In this study,we collected and sequenced rectal and vaginal swabs from 48 sows,nine of which completed up to four parities(U4P group),exhibiting reproductive longevity.We first identified predictors of sow longevity in the rectum(e.g.,Akkermansia)and vagina(e.g.,Lactobacillus)of the U4P group using RandomForest in the early breeding stage of the first parity.Interestingly,these bacteria in the U4P group showed decreased predicted KEGG gene abundance involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids.Then,we tracked the longitudinal changes of the micro-biome over four parities in the U4P sows.LEfSe analysis revealed parity-associated bacteria that existed in both the rectum and vagina(e.g.,Streptococcus in Parity 1,Lactobacillus in Parity 2,Veillonella in Parity 4).We also identi-fied patterns of bacterial change between the early breeding stage(d 0)and d 110,such as Streptococcus,which was decreased in all four parties.Furthermore,sows in the U4P group with longevity potential also showed better reproductive performance.Finally,we discovered bacterial predictors(e.g.,Prevotellaceae NK3B31 group)for the total number of piglets born throughout the four parities in both the rectum and vagina.Conclusions This study highlights how the rectal and vaginal microbiome in sows with longevity in reproduc-tion changes within four parities.The identification of parity-associated,pregnancy-related,and reproductive performance-correlated bacteria provides the foundation for targeted microbiome modulation to improve animal production.展开更多
Background This study investigated the potential impacts of increasing linoleic andα-linolenic acid intake during lactation and wean-to-breeding on subsequent reproduction of sows.A total of 309 sows(PIC Camborough L...Background This study investigated the potential impacts of increasing linoleic andα-linolenic acid intake during lactation and wean-to-breeding on subsequent reproduction of sows.A total of 309 sows(PIC Camborough L42)were balanced by parity(140 and 169 sows representing parity 1 to 2[P1-2]and 3 to 9[P3+],respectively)and assigned within parity to a 2×2 factorial arrangement.Factors included essential fatty acid(EFA)supplementation(control diets containing 1.2%linoleic and 0.15%α-linolenic acid or diets with 3.0%linoleic and 0.38%α-linolenic acid)and supplementation period(lactation or wean-to-breeding).Tallow(low EFA diets)or soybean oil(high EFA diets)were included at 4%in sorghum-soybean meal-wheat middlings-based diets to attain targeted EFA levels.Results High levels of EFA fed during lactation had no effect on feed intake or litter performance,but increased subsequent farrowing rate(P=0.027;82.1%vs.70.4%),tended to reduce the proportion of sows removed(P=0.070;12.4%vs.20.8%),decreased the number of total pigs born in the following litter(P=0.072;15.3 vs.16.2),and increased total pigs born alive per 100 sows weaned(P=0.062;1,122 vs.974),regardless of sow parity.Young sows(P1-2)consuming the high EFA diet during lactation displayed a shorter wean-to-estrus interval(P=0.035;4.2 vs.4.6),but P3+sows were unaffected.Increasing EFA intake for P3+sows,but not P1-2 sows,resulted in more sows bred by d 5(P=0.028;91.1%vs.81.7%)and more mummies in the subsequent litter(P=0.040;0.32 vs.0.16).Feeding increased EFA to P1-2 sows during the wean-to-breeding period decreased subsequent farrowing rate(P=0.042;72.0%vs.87.7%),and increased removal rate(P=0.003;28.8%vs.9.4%).Total pigs born alive per 100 sows weaned was reduced(P=0.007)in P1-2 sows when supplemented with EFA during wean-breeding(939 vs.1,149)but was not impacted in P3+sows(1,131 vs.982).Conclusions Supplemental EFA in lactation diets benefited subsequent reproduction of sows,regardless of parity.Increasing dietary levels of EFA during the wean-to-breeding period to younger sows negatively impacted subsequent reproduction.展开更多
Stromal vascular fraction(SVF)is a complex mixture derived from adipose tissue,consisting of a variety of cells.Due to its potential for tissue repair,immunomod-ulation,and support of angiogenesis,SVF represents a pro...Stromal vascular fraction(SVF)is a complex mixture derived from adipose tissue,consisting of a variety of cells.Due to its potential for tissue repair,immunomod-ulation,and support of angiogenesis,SVF represents a promising frontier in regenerative medicine and offers potential therapy for a range of disease condi-tions.In this article,we delve into the mechanisms through which SVF exerts its effects and explore its potential applications in treating both male and female reproductive disorders,including erectile dysfunction,testicular injury,stress urinary incontinence and intrauterine adhesion.展开更多
Background Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid(GenX),a substitute for per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances,has been widely detected in various environmental matrices and foods recently,attracting great attention.Howeve...Background Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid(GenX),a substitute for per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances,has been widely detected in various environmental matrices and foods recently,attracting great attention.However,a systematic characterization of its reproductive toxicity is still missing.This study aims to explore the male reproductive toxicity caused by GenX exposure and the potential cellular and molecular regulatory mechanisms behind it.Results Normally developing mice were exposed to GenX,and testicular tissue was subsequently analyzed and validated using single-cell RNA sequencing.Our results revealed that GenX induced severe testicular damage,disrupted the balance between undifferentiated and differentiated spermatogonial stem cells,and led to strong variation in the cellular dynamics of spermatogenesis.Furthermore,GenX exposure caused global upregulation of testicular somatic cellular inflammatory responses,increased abnormal macrophage differentiation,and attenuated fibroblast adhesion,disorganizing the somatic-germline interactions.Conclusions In conclusion,this study revealed complex cellular dynamics and transcriptome changes in mouse testis after GenX exposure,providing a valuable resource for understanding its reproductive toxicity.展开更多
Variation in the vocal behavior of nonhuman vertebrates includes graded transitions and more dramatic changes.Wapiti males produce a reproductive bugle that has a fundamental frequency that surpasses 2,000 Hz with evi...Variation in the vocal behavior of nonhuman vertebrates includes graded transitions and more dramatic changes.Wapiti males produce a reproductive bugle that has a fundamental frequency that surpasses 2,000 Hz with evidence of biphonation and other nonlinear phenomena.Here,we analyze the acoustic structure of captive wapiti vocalizations to compare the male bugle with 3 categories of distress vocalizations:neonate distress(capture)calls,calf isolation calls,and adult female isolation calls.These 4 high-arousal call categories serve a common general function in recruiting conspecifics but occur in different behavioral contexts(capture,isolation,reproduction).Our goal was to distinguish characteristics that vary in graded steps that may correspond to an animal’s age or size from characteristics that are unique to the bugle.Characteristics of the high and loud fundamental(G0)varied in an age/size-graded manner with a decrease in minimum G0,an increase in the maximum and range of G0,with no evidence of sex differences.The nonlinear phenomena of deterministic chaos,biphonation,and frequency jumps were present in all 4 call categories and became more common from the distress vocalizations of neonates to calves to adult females to the male bugle.Two temporal characteristics sharply distinguished the bugle from the 3 categories of distress vocalizations:these included a prolonged call duration and a maximum G0 that occurred much later in the call for the bugle than for distress vocalizations.Our results suggest that distress vocalizations of different age groups and the reproductive bugle of wapiti share a high G0,with age/size-graded changes in G0 and nonlinear phenomena,but differ sharply in temporal characteristics.展开更多
Developmental and reproductive toxicity(DART)endpoint entails a toxicological assessment of all developmental stages and reproductive cycles of an organism.In silico tools to predict DART will provide a method to asse...Developmental and reproductive toxicity(DART)endpoint entails a toxicological assessment of all developmental stages and reproductive cycles of an organism.In silico tools to predict DART will provide a method to assess this complex toxicity endpoint and will be valuable for screening emerging pollutants as well as for m anaging new chemicals in China.Currently,there are few published DART prediction models in China,but many related research and development projects are in progress.In 2013,WU et al.published an expert rule-based DART decision tree(DT).This DT relies on known chemical structures linked to DART to forecast DART potential of a given chemical.Within this procedure,an accurate DART data interpretation is the foundation of building and expanding the DT.This paper excerpted case studies demonstrating DART data curation and interpretation of four chemicals(including 8-hydroxyquinoline,3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol,thiacloprid,and imidacloprid)to expand the existing DART DT.Chemicals were first selected from the database of Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment(MEESCC)in China.The structures of these 4 chemicals were analyzed and preliminarily grouped by chemists based on core structural features,functional groups,receptor binding property,metabolism,and possible mode of actions.Then,the DART conclusion was derived by collecting chemical information,searching,integrating,and interpreting DART data by the toxicologists.Finally,these chemicals were classified into either an existing category or a new category via integrating their chemical features,DART conclusions,and biological properties.The results showed that 8-hydroxyquinoline impacted estrous cyclicity,s exual organ weights,and embryonal development,and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol caused central nervous system(CNS)malformations,which were added to an existing subcategory 8e(aromatic compounds with multi-halogen and nitro groups)of the DT.Thiacloprid caused dystocia and fetal skeletal malformation,and imidacloprid disrupted the endocrine system and male fertility.They both contain 2-chloro-5-methylpyridine substituted imidazolidine c yclic ring,which were expected to create a new category of neonicotinoids.The current work delineates a t ransparent process of curating toxicological data for the purpose of DART data interpretation.In the presence of sufficient related structures and DART data,the DT can be expanded by iteratively adding chemicals within the a pplicable domain of each category or subcategory.This DT can potentially serve as a tool for screening emerging pollutants and assessing new chemicals in China.展开更多
Cytokinins are ancient hormones present across all kingdoms of life except archaea,although functional biosynthesis pathways have yet to be identified in animalia.Known for their roles in cell division and proliferati...Cytokinins are ancient hormones present across all kingdoms of life except archaea,although functional biosynthesis pathways have yet to be identified in animalia.Known for their roles in cell division and proliferation,cytokinins are critical to plant life,as they regulate various aspects of vegetative growth,stress response,and reproduction.In this review,we summarize literature from 2020 to 2025 pertaining to the cytokinin functions in plant reproduction.While general aspects of cytokinin’s role in plant reproduction have been addressed,we particularly focus on the role of cytokinin in reproductive systems due to recent work identifying their role as sex-determining factors in dioecious species in Salicaceae and other families,their role in determining flower sex in monoecious species,and their involvement in self-incompatibility response and asexual reproduction.展开更多
Fertility preservation and pregnancymanagement are critical considerations for patients undergoing organtransplantation.Innovations in assisted reproductive technologies,hormonalmodulation,and personalized medicine ha...Fertility preservation and pregnancymanagement are critical considerations for patients undergoing organtransplantation.Innovations in assisted reproductive technologies,hormonalmodulation,and personalized medicine have expanded options for these patients,who face unique challenges due to immunosuppressive therapy and organ functionconcerns.This mini-review explores advancements in cryopreservationtechniques,pre-conception counseling,and multidisciplinary strategies forsafe pregnancies post-transplantation.Emphasis is placed on balancing maternalhealth,graft function,and fetal outcomes.The integration of reproductive andtransplant medicine is paving the way for improved quality of life andreproductive autonomy for this patient population.展开更多
The biological species concept defines species as groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups(Mayr,1942).Reproductive isolation,whether p...The biological species concept defines species as groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups(Mayr,1942).Reproductive isolation,whether prezygotic or postzygotic,plays a central role in maintaining species boundaries.However,hybridization between closely related taxa can challenge these boundaries and provide insight into speciation,gene flow,and evolutionary processes(Coyne and Orr,2004).展开更多
Kamil Gill,PhD,Kamil Gill is a biologist who graduated from the University of Szczecin(Poland)with a Master degree.Dr.Gill earned his scientific degree from the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin(PUM).His docto...Kamil Gill,PhD,Kamil Gill is a biologist who graduated from the University of Szczecin(Poland)with a Master degree.Dr.Gill earned his scientific degree from the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin(PUM).His doctoral thesis was entitled:"Molecular markers of male infertility-evaluation of selected human sperm chromatin parameters and its influence on the zygote and embryo development in assisted reproduction conditions".展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.12JCYBJC18300)
文摘Ultrasound has been widely used in clinics. Cellular responses to low-intensity ultrasound are parameter-dependent. Proper parameter setting is vital to its exact use. To get guidelines for parameter setting, lowintensity ultrasound stimulation on the proliferation and reproductivity of Hep G2 and 3T3 cells in vitro was examined with a 1.06 MHz-generator by changing the parameters(including intensity, pulse repetition frequency and duty cycle)in a wide range. Cell viability and reproductivity at different time after sonication were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)and colony formation assay to indicate timerelated proliferation. The results illustrate that ultrasound irradiation at 0.4—0.8 W/cm^2 and high pulse repetition frequency(100 Hz)can facilitate cell proliferation, while above 0.8 W/cm^2 would resist it. The extent of resistance closely correlated with duty cycle and pulse repetition frequency. Resistance effect at low pulse repetition frequency(1 Hz)is greater than that at high pulse repetition frequency(100 Hz)and not time-related. The influence of high pulse repetition frequency is time-accumulated, indicating cellular process involved. These findings would provide valuable guidelines for the application of low-intensity ultrasound in stem cell transformation and tissue engineering.
文摘Sperm concentration of wild yak bull is 2. 13 billion per milliliter. Survival time at 0-4 ℃ is 57hrs. After thawing survival time at 37 ℃ is 12 hrs. Resistance coefficient is 144,000. Abnormal sperm rate and acrosomal integrated rate of post-thawing is 9.17% and 87.53% respectively. Moving viscosity is 1. 169 cp. Total nitrogen is 1 437.7 mg/100 ml. Head of sperm is significantly shorter and end piece is significantly longer than that of domestic yak and yellow cattle. Activity of hyaluronidase is highly stronger than the domestic yak,and the activity of LDH is higher than the domestic yak by 48 %. Hence,the fertility of the wild yak bull is powerful and the artificial inseminated rate with domestic yak and yellow cattle is 88.9% and 71.58% respectively.
文摘The Editors of Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction wish to thank all reviewers listed below,as well as any others whose names may have been inadvertently omitted,for contributing their time and expertise in reviewing manuscripts submitted to the journal in 2025.Their efforts have greatly contributed to the continued growth and quality of the journal.Here we acknowledge,with special thanks,to those who reviewed one or more papers during the year.Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the list;we apologize for any errors or omissions.
基金financially assisted to Timanshi Chansoriya of the fellowship grant of UGC-NFPwD,New Delhi sanctioned vide UGC F.No.01-01/2019-Sch dated 06.11.2020(Serial No.352 ID:NFPWD-2018-20-UTP-6522).
文摘Objective:To investigate the sterilizing potential of zinc gluconate,calcium chloride(CaCl_(2))and cadmium chloride(CdCl_(2))following a single intratesticular administration in adult male rats.Methods:60 adult male Wistar albino rats(Rattus norvegicus)weighing 160-200 g and aged 5-6 months randomly received a single intratesticular injection of normal saline(Group A),zinc gluconate 13.3 mg/mL plus L-Arginine(Group B),20%CaCl_(2)(Group C),and CdCl_(2)0.5 mg/kg body weight plus ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA)(Group D),respectively,along the entire route from the caudoventral aspect of each testis.They were euthanized up to 180 days to evaluate reproductive tract toxicology.Results:The reproductive organ weights were markedly reduced,with testes severely atrophied in group B,pea-sized and stony hard in group C,and moderately reduced in group D.Azoospermia was evident in groups B and C,while sperm concentration was reduced to<1 million/mL with zero sperm motility in group D.Rats of groups B and C failed to show mounting and copulatory behaviour.A completely disorganized mesh of cellular elements was observed in the seminiferous tubules of group B,while pyknotic germ cell and arrest of spermatogenesis,exfoliated germ cells,occasional syncytial bodies and smaller Leydig cells were evident in groups C and D.Significantly reduced testosterone levels,increased luteinizing hormone(LH)and follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)levels,returned to normal after 90 days in group D.Conclusions:Zinc gluconate and CaCl_(2)injections severely affected the reproductive organs and libido and rats treated with CdCl_(2)exhibited diminished spermatogenesis with normal libido.Thus,the need-based selection of intratesticular agents should consider their distinct effects on spermatogenesis,libido,and hormonal balance for achieving targeted sterilization outcomes.
文摘Background:Epidemiological studies have confirmed that longer exposure to insecticides like cypermethrin(CYP)significantly increases the risk of male reproductive toxicity.Crocus sativus L.has been recognized due to its therapeutic properties,but its exact role and molecular mechanisms in treatment of reproductive dysfunction remain unclear.Methods:During this study,36 rats were randomly divided into six groups(n=6):control,CYP-induced(60 mg/kg),standard(leuprolide 3 mg/kg)and three treatment groups receiving aqueous,ethanolic,and oil extracts(50 mg/kg or 20 mL/kg)for post-toxicity induction.Results:The finding represented that exposure of CYP significantly increased oxidative stress,disrupted testicular architecture,and markedly reduced testosterone levels(P<0.05).Importantly,Crocus sativus L.treatment alleviated these changes by increasing the expression of Nrf2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2),restoring the activity of antioxidant enzymes,and enhancing testicular histomorphology.Surprisingly,molecular docking established a high binding affinity of Crocus sativus L.phytoconstituents such as gallic acid,cinnamic acid and quercetin to the Nrf2-Keap1 complex.It is worth noting that,Crocus sativus L.exhibited a high level of protection against reproductive toxicity caused by CYP in male rats,which was mediated by the activation of Nrf2 pathway,reduction of oxidative damage,and favorable ADMET characteristics.Conclusion:Notably,this research provides a more valid,safe,and effective method of developing new drugs for reproductive disorders,however,further investigation is needed to support the research findings and implement it in clinical practice.
文摘Rationale:This case report describes a couple with recurrent fertilization failure despite undergoing multiple cycles of intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI).The principal clinical concern was suspected oocyte activation deficiency(OAD),in which fertilization is impeded due to the oocyte’s inability to initiate embryogenesis,commonly attributed to inadequate intracellular calcium(Ca^(2+))release following sperm injection.Patient concerns:The couple repeatedly experienced complete or near-complete fertilization failure in previous ICSI cycles,raising suspicion of an underlying oocyte activation defect.Diagnosis:Based on the repeated absence of fertilization post-ICSI and clinical history,a diagnosis of suspected OAD leading to recurrent ICSI fertilization failure was considered.Interventions:Artificial oocyte activation(AOA)using the calcium ionophore A23187 was performed.After ICSI,unfertilized oocytes were exposed to the ionophore to induce Ca^(2+)influx,simulating physiological calcium oscillations essential for oocyte activation.The efficacy of intervention was evaluated through subsequent embryonic development,morphological grading,and chromosomal integrity.Outcomes:Following AOA treatment,successful oocyte activation occurred,resulting in the formation of high-grade embryos with normal developmental progression.Chromosomal analysis revealed no detectable abnormalities,indicating genomic stability.Lessons:Calcium ionophore–mediated AOA may serve as an effective adjunct in cases of recurrent ICSI failure attributed to OAD.This case highlights the importance of individualized therapeutic strategies in assisted reproduction;however,further research is needed to refine protocols,validate broader clinical efficacy,and assess long-term safety,including potential epigenetic risks.
基金supported by the Wisdom Accumulation and Talent Cultivation Project of Third Xiangya Hosipital of Central South University,China(YX202112).
文摘Objective:Endometrial tuberculosis,which commonly affects women of reproductive age,is a significant cause of intrauterine adhesions(IUA),potentially leading to hypomenorrhea,amenorrhea,and infertility.Hysteroscopic adhesiolysis is the primary treatment for IUA;however,studies specifically addressing its efficacy in tuberculosisinduced IUA remain scarce.This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic outcomes of hysteroscopic adhesiolysis for IUA caused by endometrial tuberculosis.Methods:This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with tuberculosisinduced IUA who underwent hysteroscopic adhesiolysis at the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between May 2014 and October 2022.Clinical data including age,medical history,adhesion severity,surgical treatment,and reproductive outcomes were analyzed.Results:Among 39 patients identified,2 were lost to follow-up.A total of 37 patients were included,with a follow-up duration ranging from 6 months to 9 years.Hypomenorrhea was reported in 24(64.9%)patients,secondary amenorrhea in 10(27.0%)patients,and normal menstruation in 3(8.1%)patients.Most patients presented with primary infertility(59.5%),and only 2(5.4%)had secondary infertility.The median American Fertility Society(AFS)score at initial assessment was 10(range,8−12);8(21.6%)patients had moderate IUA,and 29(78.4%)had severe IUA.A total of 86 surgical procedures were performed across 37 patients,with 27 patients undergoing 2 or more surgeries.Postoperatively,25(67.6%)patients achieved normalization of the uterine cavity,while 12(32.4%)still had a reduced cavity.Only 7(18.9%)patients had a grossly normal endometrium at the final surgery,all of whom had moderate adhesions at the initial procedure.Menstrual flow returned to normal in 12(32.4%)patients,while 25(67.6%)continued to experience hypomenorrhea.Of 29 patients who attempted in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET),only 6(20.7%)conceived.Among these,4(13.8%)delivered at term via cesarean section;one case was complicated by postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony and another by placental adhesion.Conclusion:Endometrial tuberculosis can lead to severe IUA.Hysteroscopic adhesiolysis facilitates cavity restoration and improvement of menstrual conditions,but the overall reproductive outcomes remain suboptimal.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(NSFC,No.31960156,No.31660338,No.31760627,and No.32270848)Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Ministry of Education(2020-39),Science and Technology Support Program of Guizhou Province(QKH[2021]111,QKH[2020]4Y192,QKH[2018]5772-006,and QKH[2019]5406)Science and Technology Fund of Guizhou Provincial Health Commission(gzwkj2022-019).
文摘Compounds isolated from Epimedium include the total flavonoids of Epimedium,icariin,and its metabolites(icaritin,icariside Ⅰ,and icariside Ⅱ),which have similar molecular structures.Modern pharmacological research and clinical practice have proved that Epimedium and its active components have a wide range of pharmacological effects,especially in improving sexual function,hormone regulation,anti-osteoporosis,immune function regulation,anti-oxidation,and anti-tumor activity.To date,we still need a comprehensive source of knowledge about the pharmacological effects of Epimedium and its bioactive compounds on the male reproductive system.However,their actions in other tissues have been reviewed in recent years.This review critically focuses on the Epimedium,its bioactive compounds,and the biochemical and molecular mechanisms that modulate vital pathways associated with the male reproductive system.Such intrinsic knowledge will significantly further studies on the Epimedium and its bioactive compounds that protect the male reproductive system and provide some guidances for clinical treatment of related male reproductive disorders.
文摘BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide,presenting an increasing public health challenge,particularly in lowincome and middle-income countries.However,data on the knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices regarding breast cancer and the associated factors among females in Wollo,Ethiopia,remain limited.AIM To assess the impact of family history(FH)of breast disease on knowledge,attitudes,and breast cancer preventive practices among reproductive-age females.METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in May and June 2022 in Northeast Ethiopia and involved 143 reproductive-age females with FH of breast diseases and 209 without such a history.We selected participants using the systematic random sampling technique.We analyzed the data using Statistical Package for Social Science version 25 software,and logistic regression analysis was employed to determine odds ratios for variable associations,with statistical significance set at P<0.05.RESULTS Among participants with FH of breast diseases,the levels of knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices were found to be 83.9%[95%confidence interval(CI):77.9-89.9],49.0%(95%CI:40.8-57.1),and 74.1%(95%CI:66.9-81.3),respectively.In contrast,among those without FH of breast diseases,these levels were significantly decreased to 10.5%(95%CI:6.4-14.7),32.1%(95%CI:25.7-38.4),and 16.7%(95%CI:11.7-21.8),respectively.This study also indicated that knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices related to breast cancer are significantly higher among participants with FH of breast diseases compared to those without HF breast diseases.CONCLUSION Educational status,monthly income,and community health insurance were identified as significant factors associated with the levels of knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices regarding breast cancer among reproductive-age females.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFE0124400)the Specific university discipline construction project (2023B10564001)+1 种基金grants administered by the Arkansas Biosciences Institute and the USDAa core grant (P20GM121293, proteogenomics core)。
文摘Background Sow longevity and reproductivity are essential in the modern swine industry.Although many studies have focused on the genetic and genomic factors for selection,little is known about the associations between the microbiome and sows with longevity in reproduction.Results In this study,we collected and sequenced rectal and vaginal swabs from 48 sows,nine of which completed up to four parities(U4P group),exhibiting reproductive longevity.We first identified predictors of sow longevity in the rectum(e.g.,Akkermansia)and vagina(e.g.,Lactobacillus)of the U4P group using RandomForest in the early breeding stage of the first parity.Interestingly,these bacteria in the U4P group showed decreased predicted KEGG gene abundance involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids.Then,we tracked the longitudinal changes of the micro-biome over four parities in the U4P sows.LEfSe analysis revealed parity-associated bacteria that existed in both the rectum and vagina(e.g.,Streptococcus in Parity 1,Lactobacillus in Parity 2,Veillonella in Parity 4).We also identi-fied patterns of bacterial change between the early breeding stage(d 0)and d 110,such as Streptococcus,which was decreased in all four parties.Furthermore,sows in the U4P group with longevity potential also showed better reproductive performance.Finally,we discovered bacterial predictors(e.g.,Prevotellaceae NK3B31 group)for the total number of piglets born throughout the four parities in both the rectum and vagina.Conclusions This study highlights how the rectal and vaginal microbiome in sows with longevity in reproduc-tion changes within four parities.The identification of parity-associated,pregnancy-related,and reproductive performance-correlated bacteria provides the foundation for targeted microbiome modulation to improve animal production.
文摘Background This study investigated the potential impacts of increasing linoleic andα-linolenic acid intake during lactation and wean-to-breeding on subsequent reproduction of sows.A total of 309 sows(PIC Camborough L42)were balanced by parity(140 and 169 sows representing parity 1 to 2[P1-2]and 3 to 9[P3+],respectively)and assigned within parity to a 2×2 factorial arrangement.Factors included essential fatty acid(EFA)supplementation(control diets containing 1.2%linoleic and 0.15%α-linolenic acid or diets with 3.0%linoleic and 0.38%α-linolenic acid)and supplementation period(lactation or wean-to-breeding).Tallow(low EFA diets)or soybean oil(high EFA diets)were included at 4%in sorghum-soybean meal-wheat middlings-based diets to attain targeted EFA levels.Results High levels of EFA fed during lactation had no effect on feed intake or litter performance,but increased subsequent farrowing rate(P=0.027;82.1%vs.70.4%),tended to reduce the proportion of sows removed(P=0.070;12.4%vs.20.8%),decreased the number of total pigs born in the following litter(P=0.072;15.3 vs.16.2),and increased total pigs born alive per 100 sows weaned(P=0.062;1,122 vs.974),regardless of sow parity.Young sows(P1-2)consuming the high EFA diet during lactation displayed a shorter wean-to-estrus interval(P=0.035;4.2 vs.4.6),but P3+sows were unaffected.Increasing EFA intake for P3+sows,but not P1-2 sows,resulted in more sows bred by d 5(P=0.028;91.1%vs.81.7%)and more mummies in the subsequent litter(P=0.040;0.32 vs.0.16).Feeding increased EFA to P1-2 sows during the wean-to-breeding period decreased subsequent farrowing rate(P=0.042;72.0%vs.87.7%),and increased removal rate(P=0.003;28.8%vs.9.4%).Total pigs born alive per 100 sows weaned was reduced(P=0.007)in P1-2 sows when supplemented with EFA during wean-breeding(939 vs.1,149)but was not impacted in P3+sows(1,131 vs.982).Conclusions Supplemental EFA in lactation diets benefited subsequent reproduction of sows,regardless of parity.Increasing dietary levels of EFA during the wean-to-breeding period to younger sows negatively impacted subsequent reproduction.
文摘Stromal vascular fraction(SVF)is a complex mixture derived from adipose tissue,consisting of a variety of cells.Due to its potential for tissue repair,immunomod-ulation,and support of angiogenesis,SVF represents a promising frontier in regenerative medicine and offers potential therapy for a range of disease condi-tions.In this article,we delve into the mechanisms through which SVF exerts its effects and explore its potential applications in treating both male and female reproductive disorders,including erectile dysfunction,testicular injury,stress urinary incontinence and intrauterine adhesion.
基金supported by the Guangdong Provincial Key Area Research and Development Program[grant number 2022B0202090002]China Postdoctoral Science Foundation[grant number 2024M760977].
文摘Background Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid(GenX),a substitute for per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances,has been widely detected in various environmental matrices and foods recently,attracting great attention.However,a systematic characterization of its reproductive toxicity is still missing.This study aims to explore the male reproductive toxicity caused by GenX exposure and the potential cellular and molecular regulatory mechanisms behind it.Results Normally developing mice were exposed to GenX,and testicular tissue was subsequently analyzed and validated using single-cell RNA sequencing.Our results revealed that GenX induced severe testicular damage,disrupted the balance between undifferentiated and differentiated spermatogonial stem cells,and led to strong variation in the cellular dynamics of spermatogenesis.Furthermore,GenX exposure caused global upregulation of testicular somatic cellular inflammatory responses,increased abnormal macrophage differentiation,and attenuated fibroblast adhesion,disorganizing the somatic-germline interactions.Conclusions In conclusion,this study revealed complex cellular dynamics and transcriptome changes in mouse testis after GenX exposure,providing a valuable resource for understanding its reproductive toxicity.
基金The University of Winnipeg and The University of Winnipeg Foundation contributed funding to this research.
文摘Variation in the vocal behavior of nonhuman vertebrates includes graded transitions and more dramatic changes.Wapiti males produce a reproductive bugle that has a fundamental frequency that surpasses 2,000 Hz with evidence of biphonation and other nonlinear phenomena.Here,we analyze the acoustic structure of captive wapiti vocalizations to compare the male bugle with 3 categories of distress vocalizations:neonate distress(capture)calls,calf isolation calls,and adult female isolation calls.These 4 high-arousal call categories serve a common general function in recruiting conspecifics but occur in different behavioral contexts(capture,isolation,reproduction).Our goal was to distinguish characteristics that vary in graded steps that may correspond to an animal’s age or size from characteristics that are unique to the bugle.Characteristics of the high and loud fundamental(G0)varied in an age/size-graded manner with a decrease in minimum G0,an increase in the maximum and range of G0,with no evidence of sex differences.The nonlinear phenomena of deterministic chaos,biphonation,and frequency jumps were present in all 4 call categories and became more common from the distress vocalizations of neonates to calves to adult females to the male bugle.Two temporal characteristics sharply distinguished the bugle from the 3 categories of distress vocalizations:these included a prolonged call duration and a maximum G0 that occurred much later in the call for the bugle than for distress vocalizations.Our results suggest that distress vocalizations of different age groups and the reproductive bugle of wapiti share a high G0,with age/size-graded changes in G0 and nonlinear phenomena,but differ sharply in temporal characteristics.
文摘Developmental and reproductive toxicity(DART)endpoint entails a toxicological assessment of all developmental stages and reproductive cycles of an organism.In silico tools to predict DART will provide a method to assess this complex toxicity endpoint and will be valuable for screening emerging pollutants as well as for m anaging new chemicals in China.Currently,there are few published DART prediction models in China,but many related research and development projects are in progress.In 2013,WU et al.published an expert rule-based DART decision tree(DT).This DT relies on known chemical structures linked to DART to forecast DART potential of a given chemical.Within this procedure,an accurate DART data interpretation is the foundation of building and expanding the DT.This paper excerpted case studies demonstrating DART data curation and interpretation of four chemicals(including 8-hydroxyquinoline,3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol,thiacloprid,and imidacloprid)to expand the existing DART DT.Chemicals were first selected from the database of Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment(MEESCC)in China.The structures of these 4 chemicals were analyzed and preliminarily grouped by chemists based on core structural features,functional groups,receptor binding property,metabolism,and possible mode of actions.Then,the DART conclusion was derived by collecting chemical information,searching,integrating,and interpreting DART data by the toxicologists.Finally,these chemicals were classified into either an existing category or a new category via integrating their chemical features,DART conclusions,and biological properties.The results showed that 8-hydroxyquinoline impacted estrous cyclicity,s exual organ weights,and embryonal development,and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol caused central nervous system(CNS)malformations,which were added to an existing subcategory 8e(aromatic compounds with multi-halogen and nitro groups)of the DT.Thiacloprid caused dystocia and fetal skeletal malformation,and imidacloprid disrupted the endocrine system and male fertility.They both contain 2-chloro-5-methylpyridine substituted imidazolidine c yclic ring,which were expected to create a new category of neonicotinoids.The current work delineates a t ransparent process of curating toxicological data for the purpose of DART data interpretation.In the presence of sufficient related structures and DART data,the DT can be expanded by iteratively adding chemicals within the a pplicable domain of each category or subcategory.This DT can potentially serve as a tool for screening emerging pollutants and assessing new chemicals in China.
基金funded by a National Science Foundation award to Henning PM(no.2208975).
文摘Cytokinins are ancient hormones present across all kingdoms of life except archaea,although functional biosynthesis pathways have yet to be identified in animalia.Known for their roles in cell division and proliferation,cytokinins are critical to plant life,as they regulate various aspects of vegetative growth,stress response,and reproduction.In this review,we summarize literature from 2020 to 2025 pertaining to the cytokinin functions in plant reproduction.While general aspects of cytokinin’s role in plant reproduction have been addressed,we particularly focus on the role of cytokinin in reproductive systems due to recent work identifying their role as sex-determining factors in dioecious species in Salicaceae and other families,their role in determining flower sex in monoecious species,and their involvement in self-incompatibility response and asexual reproduction.
基金Supported by European Union-Next Generation EU,through the National Recovery and Resilience Plan of the Republic of Bulgaria,No.BG-RRP-2.004-0008.
文摘Fertility preservation and pregnancymanagement are critical considerations for patients undergoing organtransplantation.Innovations in assisted reproductive technologies,hormonalmodulation,and personalized medicine have expanded options for these patients,who face unique challenges due to immunosuppressive therapy and organ functionconcerns.This mini-review explores advancements in cryopreservationtechniques,pre-conception counseling,and multidisciplinary strategies forsafe pregnancies post-transplantation.Emphasis is placed on balancing maternalhealth,graft function,and fetal outcomes.The integration of reproductive andtransplant medicine is paving the way for improved quality of life andreproductive autonomy for this patient population.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32161143024,31970405)Iran National Science Foundation,Iran-China(INSF-NSFC)joint project(No.4002006).
文摘The biological species concept defines species as groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups(Mayr,1942).Reproductive isolation,whether prezygotic or postzygotic,plays a central role in maintaining species boundaries.However,hybridization between closely related taxa can challenge these boundaries and provide insight into speciation,gene flow,and evolutionary processes(Coyne and Orr,2004).
文摘Kamil Gill,PhD,Kamil Gill is a biologist who graduated from the University of Szczecin(Poland)with a Master degree.Dr.Gill earned his scientific degree from the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin(PUM).His doctoral thesis was entitled:"Molecular markers of male infertility-evaluation of selected human sperm chromatin parameters and its influence on the zygote and embryo development in assisted reproduction conditions".
