The post-embryonic development of shoot apices in higher plants progresses through three distinct phases:the juvenile phase,adult vegetative phase,and reproductive phase.The transition from vegetative to reproductive ...The post-embryonic development of shoot apices in higher plants progresses through three distinct phases:the juvenile phase,adult vegetative phase,and reproductive phase.The transition from vegetative to reproductive growth represents a critical developmental transition that affects plant adaptability(Poethig 2003;Baurle and Dean 2006).展开更多
Background Nicotinamide riboside(NR)supplementation has been demonstrated efficacy in enhancing female reproductive outcomes,but its regulatory role in sow performance and gut microbiome remains undefined.This study s...Background Nicotinamide riboside(NR)supplementation has been demonstrated efficacy in enhancing female reproductive outcomes,but its regulatory role in sow performance and gut microbiome remains undefined.This study systematically evaluated the impacts of dietary NR supplementation during late gestation and lactation on sow performance and gut microbiome remodeling.A total of 280 sows were randomized assigned to one of four groups:a control group fed basal diet or one of three groups receiving NR-supplemented diets(2,4,or 8 g/d;n=70/group).Sow reproductive performance,blood metabolic parameters,milk metabolome,and fecal 16S rRNA sequencing were measured.Results Maternal NR supplementation linearly shortened farrowing duration(P<0.01)and tended to decrease the incidence of intrauterine growth restriction and the number of late gestation mummies(P<0.1),while concurrently increasing the within-litter uniformity(P=0.1).Litter weaning weight and average daily gain increased quadratically with NR dosage(P<0.05).NR supplementation orchestrated plasma metabolite regulation(triglycerides and total cholesterol;P<0.05),enhanced antioxidant biomarkers(T-AOC,GSH-Px,T-SOD;P<0.05),and reduced inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α;P<0.05)across gestation and lactation.Milk yield,colostrum/milk dry matter,crude protein,and crude fat were increased(P<0.05),together with higher levels of NAD^(+)metabolites(NAD^(+),NR,nicotinamide)and beneficial bioactive factors(milk polar lipids,3-aminosalicylic acid,fenugreekine;P<0.05).Gut microbiota analyses at lactation day 14 revealed NR-enriched beneficial taxa(Bifidobacterium,Ruminococcus,Lachnospiraceae,Subdoligranulum,Clostridium butyricum,Succiniclasticum)across sow-offspring dyads,which was associated with the activation of microbial NAD^(+)enzymes(NadR/NAMPT;P<0.05)and enhancement of systemic short-chain fatty acid flux,notably an increase in plasma butyrate acid(P<0.05).Conclusion Maternal supplementation of NR during late gestation and lactation increases sow performance and promotes gut NAD^(+)metabolic-associated microbiome remodeling.These findings propose maternal NR intervention as a novel strategy to enhance mammary lactogenesis and lactation metabolism in swine production,with potential applications for therapeutic strategies for lactation insufficiency.展开更多
Objective:To systematically review the effects of administering metformin and glutathione alone and in coformulation with other compounds on the fertility and reproductive health of diabetic male rodents.Methods:The g...Objective:To systematically review the effects of administering metformin and glutathione alone and in coformulation with other compounds on the fertility and reproductive health of diabetic male rodents.Methods:The guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses(PRISMA)were followed to conduct this systematic review.Studies published until August 2024 in PubMed,Web of Science,and Scopus databases were searched,identified,screened,and selected for a detailed review.The keywords included metformin,diabetes,reproduction,glutathione,and rodent models.Results:A total of 166 studies were identified,of which 11 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis.One additional study was identified through snowballing and citation tracking,bringing the total to 12 studies.The findings indicate that metformin and glutathione,administered alone or in combination with other compounds,improved sperm count,motility,and morphology;restored reproductive hormone levels;reduced oxidative stress markers;and improved testicular histopathology in diabetic male rodents.Conclusions:Coformulation of metformin and glutathione with other compounds was found to be more effective in improving fertility and reproductive parameters in diabetic male rodents compared to mono-administration.However,further studies on the coformulation of metformin and glutathione are needed to confirm their efficacy and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.Study registration:The study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews(PROSPERO)with registration number CRD42024561820.展开更多
The frequency of aneuploid gamete formation increases with maternal age,yet the effects of genetic variants on meiotic chromosome segregation accuracy during aging remain poorly understood.Using the multicellular orga...The frequency of aneuploid gamete formation increases with maternal age,yet the effects of genetic variants on meiotic chromosome segregation accuracy during aging remain poorly understood.Using the multicellular organism Caenorhabditis elegans,we investigate the impact of mutations in the conserved cohesin complex on age-associated meiotic errors.Point mutations in the head domain of the cohesin component SMC-1,which alter local hydrophobicity,cause meiotic defects that vary with age.A severe mutation causes incomplete synapsis and defective crossover formation,and a minor one causes age-related diakinesis bivalent abnormalities.Notably,while the mild mutation causes defects only in aged worms,worms with the severe mutation exhibit significantly alleviated phenotypes with age.Genetic and cytological analyses suggest that this alleviation results from a slowed meiotic progression during early prophase,which restores impaired cohesin loading.These findings reveal that cohesin variants,meiotic progression speed during early prophase,and the overall duration of meiosis collectively shape the accuracy of meiotic chromosome segregation.展开更多
As a pivotal environmental factor,light,comprising intensity,photoperiod,and spectrum,governs the entire life cycle of strawberries by mediating alterations in the plant’s morphological,physiological,and biochemical ...As a pivotal environmental factor,light,comprising intensity,photoperiod,and spectrum,governs the entire life cycle of strawberries by mediating alterations in the plant’s morphological,physiological,and biochemical traits.Although extensive research has been conducted on light-mediated growth regulation in horticultural crops,most reviews focus primarily on leafy and fruiting vegetables,with limited attention given to berry crops such as strawberries.Additionally,most existing reviews concentrate on one or several growth stages,failing to systematically characterize light’s effects throughout the entire growth cycle and postharvest stage.This review briefly summarizes the regulatory roles of light across key stages of strawberry growth,including seedling propagation,vegetative growth,reproductive growth,and postharvest stages.It seeks to address the knowledge gap by systematically organizing research findings across these developmental phases.The integrated analysis provides a theoretical foundation for designing stage-specific lighting strategies to improve strawberry yield and quality.展开更多
Marchantia polymorpha,a model liverwort,provides a valuable system for investigating the evolution of plant sexual reproduction.To explore the cellular landscape of its reproductive structures,we generate a single-nuc...Marchantia polymorpha,a model liverwort,provides a valuable system for investigating the evolution of plant sexual reproduction.To explore the cellular landscape of its reproductive structures,we generate a single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of the antheridiophore,archegoniophore,and sporophyte.Using singlenucleus RNA sequencing(snRNA-seq),we capture over 30,000 high-quality nuclei and identify distinct cel populations.In the male organ,we characterize stages of spermatogenesis from early antheridium cells to mature sperm,revealing dynamic transcriptional programs including cell cycle regulation,chromatin remodeling,and calcium signaling.In the female organ,we define cell types including archegonial layers and secondary central cells.Sporophyte clusters are annotated as spores,elaters,capsule wall,foot,and seta cells,with transcriptional signatures related to structural support,stress response,and reproductive functions.Cross-species analysis indicates that capsule wall cells in liverworts are similar to tapetum cells.Notably,foot cells exhibit high expression of genes involved in sporopollenin biosynthesis and signaling pathways,serving as a central hub that mediates communication between the maternal gametophyte and the developing sporophyte.This study provides a comprehensive cellular and molecular map of M.polymorpha reproductive organs and sporophyte,establishing a framework for investigating the development and evolution of sexual reproduction in early land plants.展开更多
The outbreak of infectious diseases is the result of a combination of various factors,including season,the movement of individuals,non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)and the effectiveness and availability of vaccin...The outbreak of infectious diseases is the result of a combination of various factors,including season,the movement of individuals,non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)and the effectiveness and availability of vaccines.Taking these key elements into consideration,an almost periodic SVEIR warning model in the patch environment is here proposed.First,in terms of reproduction numbers,our results imply that if the effective reproduction numbers are R_(e)<1,then the disease dies out;if R_(e)>1,then the disease spreads and leads to local outbreaks.Second,the relationships between R_(e)and C_(s1),C_(a1)(see Section 2)are given by numerical simulations.The numerical results show that even if all people are vaccinated,NPIs are still needed because of the potentially low efficacy of vaccines.Furthermore,the numerical results suggest that NPIs and the strengthening of the effective rate of vaccination are essential in order to achieve herd immunity.Theories involving this model effectively explain the transmission mechanism of most infectious diseases,and provide a valuable theoretical basis for analyzing new infectious diseases in the future.Moreover,this model is helpful for the prevention and control of infectious diseases and the formulation of public health safety policies.展开更多
Natural hybridization is known to play a vital role in speciation;however,the mechanisms underlying the early stages of natural hybridization remain unclear.Where two plant species come into contact,two driving forces...Natural hybridization is known to play a vital role in speciation;however,the mechanisms underlying the early stages of natural hybridization remain unclear.Where two plant species come into contact,two driving forces may balance the dynamic consequences of hybridization:fusion by hybridization-mediated gene flow,and separation by reproductive isolation(RI)(Ma et al.,2010a,b;Chang et al.,2022).展开更多
Background The decline in reproductive performance of aged hens is mainly attributed to oxidative damage in reproductive organs,hepatic lipid metabolism disorders,and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis.Glycyrrhizin(GL)ha...Background The decline in reproductive performance of aged hens is mainly attributed to oxidative damage in reproductive organs,hepatic lipid metabolism disorders,and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis.Glycyrrhizin(GL)has been proven to enhance antioxidant capacity,regulate lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in mammals,but its efficacy in hens remains unclear.Hence,this study aimed to investigate whether dietary GL supplementation improves reproductive performance in hens during the late laying stage by modulating intestinal microbiota composition,hepatic lipid metabolism and ovarian antioxidant status.Results Dietary supplementation with 100 mg/kg GL significantly improved the egg production rate,egg quality,and hatching rate in aged breeder hens(P<0.05).GL supplementation also increased the serum levels of HDLC,TP and ALB,and enhanced the antioxidant capacity in both serum and ovary(P<0.05).In addition,dietary GL elevated the serum progesterone(P4)levels by enhancing the transcription level of steroid synthesis key enzymes(CYP11A1 and 3β-HSD)in the ovary(P<0.05).Dietary GL also promoted the synthesis and transport of vitellogenin(VTG)by upregulating the VTG-Ⅱ(P<0.05)and APOV1(P=0.077)expression levels in the liver,thereby increasing the number of grade follicles and small yellow follicles.Moreover,dietary GL enhanced hepatic fatty acidβ-oxidation by upregulating PPARαand CPT-I(P<0.05),and downregulating ACC expression levels(P<0.05).In agreement,liver metabolomics analysis revealed that dietary GL supplementation significantly altered hepatic metabolism,with 389 differentially identified metabolites(P<0.05).The key metabolites(e.g.,taurocholic acid,tauroursodeoxycholic acid,nicotinuric acid,glycodeoxycholic acid(hydrate))were identified,and they were mainly functionally enriched in betaalanine metabolism nicotinate,taurine and hypotaurine metabolism(P<0.05).Finally,16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that dietary GL reversed age-induced changes in gut microbiota composition,characterized by a significant increase in Lactobacillus abundance and a decrease in Bacteroides(P<0.05).Conclusions These results collectively demonstrate that dietary supplementation with 100 mg/kg GL improved reproductive performance by reversing age-induced changes in gut microbiota,enhancing hepatic vitellogenin synthesis,and ameliorating ovarian function in aged breeder hens.This study suggests that dietary GL is a potential strategy to improve reproductive performance in broiler breeder hens during the late laying period.展开更多
The Editors of Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction wish to thank all reviewers listed below,as well as any others whose names may have been inadvertently omitted,for contributing their time and expertise in reviewin...The Editors of Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction wish to thank all reviewers listed below,as well as any others whose names may have been inadvertently omitted,for contributing their time and expertise in reviewing manuscripts submitted to the journal in 2025.Their efforts have greatly contributed to the continued growth and quality of the journal.Here we acknowledge,with special thanks,to those who reviewed one or more papers during the year.Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the list;we apologize for any errors or omissions.展开更多
Reforestation initiatives are often limited by insufficient seeds,a problem exacerbated by natural variability in tree flowering and seed production and climate change and other environmental challenges.Innovative and...Reforestation initiatives are often limited by insufficient seeds,a problem exacerbated by natural variability in tree flowering and seed production and climate change and other environmental challenges.Innovative and adaptive solutions such as in vitro propagation are thus needed.Tissue culture can provide high-quality propagation material for tree conservation and mass propagation,but faces technical,economic,regulatory,and social barriers.Obstacles related to the academia-industry interface and to stakeholder concerns are discussed and actions suggested to overcome these barriers to realize the full potential of tree micropropagation.These include refining techniques to improve efficiency and reduce costs;establishing collaborations among researchers,industry,and foresters;and reducing points of contention and misinformation regarding genetic diversity and public perception.International collaborative initiatives,exemplified by the EU COST Action CA21157 COPYTREE,are elementary for achieving these goals.展开更多
Bisphenol F(BPF)and Bisphenol S(BPS)are widely used substitutes for Bisphenol A(BPA).However,growing evidence indicated that BPF and BPS may induce physiological effects similar to those of BPA.Furthermore,chemical ma...Bisphenol F(BPF)and Bisphenol S(BPS)are widely used substitutes for Bisphenol A(BPA).However,growing evidence indicated that BPF and BPS may induce physiological effects similar to those of BPA.Furthermore,chemical management and control is primarily focus on the risk assessment of individual compounds,often overlooking the implications of chemical mixtures.We hypothesize that exposure to a mixture of BPA and its substitutes will enhance their endocrine-disruptive effects,disrupt steroid hormone homeostasis,and further impair reproductive system functionality.In the animal study,both female and male mice were exposed to 333μg/kg of BPA,BPF,BPS,their mixture(333μg/kg(MIXL),and 1 mg/kg(MIXH))via gavage daily for four weeks.The study demonstrated that bisphenols(BPs)affected the expression of genes related to steroid hormone synthesis.The MIXL group of female mice exhibited an increasing trend in estradiol(E2)levels and a decreasing trend in progesterone(Pg)and testosterone(TT)levels.Additionally,follicular development was impacted,resulting in an increased number of atretic follicles.In contrast,a significant increase in E2 concentration and disruption of testicular morphology were observed in the MIXH group of male mice,accompanied by a decline in sperm quality.Importantly,these results were corroborated by a population-based investigation.Collectively,the animal experiments indicate that mixed exposure to BPs disrupts hormone levels and adversely affects reproductive function,while epidemiological evidence further establishes correlative links between bisphenols and hormone levels.These findings underscore the necessity of considering chemical mixtures during testing and risk assessment.展开更多
Objective:To identify predictors of pregnancy and live birth outcomes in assisted reproductive technology(ART)cycles based on patient characteristics,hormonal profile,and embryo transfer variables.Methods:This retrosp...Objective:To identify predictors of pregnancy and live birth outcomes in assisted reproductive technology(ART)cycles based on patient characteristics,hormonal profile,and embryo transfer variables.Methods:This retrospective cohort study included 50 fresh in vitro fertilization(IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)cycles selected from ART participants at a single tertiary ART center.Controlled ovarian stimulation was performed using recombinant follicle stimulating hormone(rFSH),gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)antagonist,and menotropins;oocyte retrieval occurred 36 h after trigger and embryo transfer was performed on day 3 or 5.Outcomes(chemical pregnancy,ongoing pregnancy,abortion,live birth)were compared across groups stratified by maternal age,antral follicle count(AFC),anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH),baseline luteinizing hormone(LH),estradiol(E2)at trigger,and endometrial thickness.Multivariate regression was used to identify independent predictors of live birth.Results:A total of 124 ART patients were screened during the study period,of whom 50 participants meeting the eligibility criteria were included in the final analysis.The median age of the participants was 35.8 years[interquartile range(IQR)32.5–39.6].The median AFC was 8(IQR 4–14),AMH level was 1.4 ng/mL(IQR 0.7–2.9),and the median endometrial thickness at embryo transfer was 10.2 mm(IQR 9.0–11.3).Chemical,ongoing,abortion,and live birth rates were 62%,32%,12%,and 16%,respectively.Younger maternal age(<35 years),higher AFC(>12),AMH 1–4 ng/mL,and endometrial thickness≥10 mm were associated with more favorable pregnancy outcomes.In multivariate analysis,higher baseline LH(β=0.089;95%CI 0.017–0.162;P=0.02)and greater endometrial thickness(β=0.145;95%CI 0.011–0.278;P=0.04)independently predicted live birth,whereas age,AFC,AMH,and E2 did not.Conclusions:Maternal age,ovarian reserve markers,LH levels,and endometrial thickness collectively influence ART outcomes.Baseline LH and endometrial receptivity are key independent predictors of live birth and may guide individualized treatment strategies.展开更多
Should the article be accepted and published by Meteorological and Environmental Research,the author hereby grants exclusively to the editorial department of Meteorological and Environmental Research the digital repro...Should the article be accepted and published by Meteorological and Environmental Research,the author hereby grants exclusively to the editorial department of Meteorological and Environmental Research the digital reproduction,distribution,compilation and information network transmission rights.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the sterilizing potential of zinc gluconate,calcium chloride(CaCl_(2))and cadmium chloride(CdCl_(2))following a single intratesticular administration in adult male rats.Methods:60 adult male W...Objective:To investigate the sterilizing potential of zinc gluconate,calcium chloride(CaCl_(2))and cadmium chloride(CdCl_(2))following a single intratesticular administration in adult male rats.Methods:60 adult male Wistar albino rats(Rattus norvegicus)weighing 160-200 g and aged 5-6 months randomly received a single intratesticular injection of normal saline(Group A),zinc gluconate 13.3 mg/mL plus L-Arginine(Group B),20%CaCl_(2)(Group C),and CdCl_(2)0.5 mg/kg body weight plus ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA)(Group D),respectively,along the entire route from the caudoventral aspect of each testis.They were euthanized up to 180 days to evaluate reproductive tract toxicology.Results:The reproductive organ weights were markedly reduced,with testes severely atrophied in group B,pea-sized and stony hard in group C,and moderately reduced in group D.Azoospermia was evident in groups B and C,while sperm concentration was reduced to<1 million/mL with zero sperm motility in group D.Rats of groups B and C failed to show mounting and copulatory behaviour.A completely disorganized mesh of cellular elements was observed in the seminiferous tubules of group B,while pyknotic germ cell and arrest of spermatogenesis,exfoliated germ cells,occasional syncytial bodies and smaller Leydig cells were evident in groups C and D.Significantly reduced testosterone levels,increased luteinizing hormone(LH)and follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)levels,returned to normal after 90 days in group D.Conclusions:Zinc gluconate and CaCl_(2)injections severely affected the reproductive organs and libido and rats treated with CdCl_(2)exhibited diminished spermatogenesis with normal libido.Thus,the need-based selection of intratesticular agents should consider their distinct effects on spermatogenesis,libido,and hormonal balance for achieving targeted sterilization outcomes.展开更多
Zinc,an essential trace element,plays a pivotal role in maintaining animal health and physiological functions.This review comprehensively examines zinc metabolism—including absorption dynamics across species(poultry,...Zinc,an essential trace element,plays a pivotal role in maintaining animal health and physiological functions.This review comprehensively examines zinc metabolism—including absorption dynamics across species(poultry,ruminants,and non-ruminants),transport mechanisms,storage in tissues,e.g.,the liver,and excretion pathways—and its multifaceted effects on animal health.Zinc critically regulates aspects of growth and development,particularly bone formation,as its deficiency induces skeletal deformities in young animals.It modulates immune function through zinc finger proteins,influencing immune organ integrity,lymphocyte proliferation,and cytokine expression.Reproductive performance is significantly affected by zinc,with its deficiency causing impaired spermatogenesis;delayed sexual maturity in males;and reduced litter size,embryonic survival,and placental function in females.At the molecular level,zinc regulates the activity of enzymes(e.g.,SOD),signaling pathways(MAPK,NF-κB),and transcription factors(MTF-1,Sp1)to maintain homeostasis.Both zinc deficiency(due to dietary insufficiency,malabsorption,or physiological stress)and zinc excess(from environmental pollution or feed oversupplementation)adversely affect health,disrupting mineral balance,enzyme function,and gut microbiota.In animal production,inorganic(zinc oxide,zinc sulfate)and organic(zinc methionine)sources of zinc increase growth,immunity,and productivity,although sustainable strategies are needed to mitigate environmental risks.Future research should focus on novel zinc formulations,precision nutrition,and interactions with gut microbiota to optimize livestock health and sustainable husbandry.展开更多
Tea plant(Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze)is a cold-sensitive leaf-harvesting crop whose growth,yield,and processed tea quality are all inhibited by low temperatures.Therefore,identifying the regulatory genes involved i...Tea plant(Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze)is a cold-sensitive leaf-harvesting crop whose growth,yield,and processed tea quality are all inhibited by low temperatures.Therefore,identifying the regulatory genes involved in tea plant growth and freezing tolerance is crucial for genetic improvement.WRKY transcription factors regulate various plant processes,including growth and development,stress responses,and metabolite biosynthesis.However,the molecular network through which WRKY coordinates these pathways in tea plants remains unclear.In this study,we revealed that CsWRKY57L,a cold-inducible WRKY IIc subfamily member,positively regulated freezing tolerance by directly promoting flavonoid accumulation in tea plants.Transient suppression of CsWRKY57L weakened the freezing tolerance of tea plants by reducing flavonoid content and suppressing the C-repeat-binding factor(CBF)-cold-responsive(COR)gene pathway.In contrast,heterologous overexpression of CsWRKY57L in Arabidopsis had the opposite effect.Additionally,overexpression of CsWRKY57L inhibited reproductive development and accelerated senescence in Arabidopsis.Interaction analysis revealed that CsWRKY57L directly binds to the promoters of CsSWEET1a,CsSWEET15,and AtSWEET15,which encode sugar transporters essential for plant reproductive development,and inhibits their transcription.Overall,the study revealed a dual role of CsWRKY57L in promoting freezing tolerance via flavonoid biosynthesis and inhibiting reproductive development by regulating SWEETs expression.This study uncovers a novel mechanism whereby CsWRKY57L coordinately regulates both stress responses and growth in tea plants,providing a molecular basis for breeding low-temperature-tolerant varieties with restricted reproductive development.展开更多
Stichopus chloronotus is a tropical sea cucumber with facultative asexual reproduction in the Indo-Western Pacific,yet its wild populations are decreasing due to extensive harvesting.Understanding the species’genetic...Stichopus chloronotus is a tropical sea cucumber with facultative asexual reproduction in the Indo-Western Pacific,yet its wild populations are decreasing due to extensive harvesting.Understanding the species’genetic characteristics is essential for effective management and conservation.To develop novel microsatellite markers and assess the genetic diversity,clonality,and genetic structure of eight populations of S.chloronotus in the South China Sea,193 individuals from eight populations across Wuzhizhou and Fenjiezhou(Boundary)islands were analyzed using nine newly developed microsatellite markers and five previously established markers.RNA-Seq was employed to obtained 62662 unigenes and identified 16926 microsatellite loci.Fourteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed,of which 11 were highly polymorphic(polymorphic information content>0.5).The number of alleles(N_(a))ranged from 3 to 6 per locus,and the average Shannon diversity index(I)was 1.107.All the populations exhibited asexual reproduction,with regional variations in reproductive modes.Asexual reproduction was predominant in the northwestern Wuzhizhou Island population(SY 7)and the Fenjiezhou Island population(LS 8),where four and five predominant clones represented more than 89%of the individuals,which led to reduced genetic diversity.Overall,genetic diversity was moderately low,with significant genetic differentiation among populations(F_(ST)=0.33;P<0.001),suggesting limited gene flow(the number of migrants(N_(m))<1).These findings highlight the role of reproductive strategies in shaping fine-scale genetic differentiation in S.chloronotus.The limited recruitment success of sexually produced larvae and habitat heterogeneity likely constrain clone dispersal,contributing to distinct genetic restructuring.This study provided key insights into the interplay between reproductive strategies and genetic patterns in sea cucumbers,offering a scientific basis for targeted conservation efforts.展开更多
Vaccination is a key strategy to curb the spread of epidemics.Heterologous vaccination,unlike homologous vaccination which acts on a single target and forms a single immune barrier,covers multiple targets for broader ...Vaccination is a key strategy to curb the spread of epidemics.Heterologous vaccination,unlike homologous vaccination which acts on a single target and forms a single immune barrier,covers multiple targets for broader protection.Yet,heterologous vaccination involves a complex decision process that conventional game-theoretic approaches,such as classical,evolutionary,and minority games cannot adequately capture.The parallel minority game(PMG)can handle bounded-rational,multi-choice decisions,but its application in vaccine research remains rare.In this study,we propose a vaccination-transmission coupled dynamic mechanism based on the parallel minority game and simulate it on a two-dimensional lattice.Using actual observational data and a mean-field mathematical model,we verify the effectiveness of this mechanism in simulating realistic vaccination behavior and transmission dynamics.We further analyze the impact of key parameters,such as vaccine efficacy differences and the proportion of individuals eligible for vaccine switching,on containment effectiveness.Our results demonstrate that heterologous vaccination surpasses homologous vaccination in containment effectiveness,particularly when vaccine efficacy varies significantly.This work provides a novel framework and empirical evidence for understanding individual decision-making and population-wide immunity formation in multi-vaccine settings.展开更多
Background:Epidemiological studies have confirmed that longer exposure to insecticides like cypermethrin(CYP)significantly increases the risk of male reproductive toxicity.Crocus sativus L.has been recognized due to i...Background:Epidemiological studies have confirmed that longer exposure to insecticides like cypermethrin(CYP)significantly increases the risk of male reproductive toxicity.Crocus sativus L.has been recognized due to its therapeutic properties,but its exact role and molecular mechanisms in treatment of reproductive dysfunction remain unclear.Methods:During this study,36 rats were randomly divided into six groups(n=6):control,CYP-induced(60 mg/kg),standard(leuprolide 3 mg/kg)and three treatment groups receiving aqueous,ethanolic,and oil extracts(50 mg/kg or 20 mL/kg)for post-toxicity induction.Results:The finding represented that exposure of CYP significantly increased oxidative stress,disrupted testicular architecture,and markedly reduced testosterone levels(P<0.05).Importantly,Crocus sativus L.treatment alleviated these changes by increasing the expression of Nrf2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2),restoring the activity of antioxidant enzymes,and enhancing testicular histomorphology.Surprisingly,molecular docking established a high binding affinity of Crocus sativus L.phytoconstituents such as gallic acid,cinnamic acid and quercetin to the Nrf2-Keap1 complex.It is worth noting that,Crocus sativus L.exhibited a high level of protection against reproductive toxicity caused by CYP in male rats,which was mediated by the activation of Nrf2 pathway,reduction of oxidative damage,and favorable ADMET characteristics.Conclusion:Notably,this research provides a more valid,safe,and effective method of developing new drugs for reproductive disorders,however,further investigation is needed to support the research findings and implement it in clinical practice.展开更多
基金supported by grants from Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD04076)the National Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(2022BBA154)the Foundation of Hubei Hongshan Laboratory(2021hszd010).
文摘The post-embryonic development of shoot apices in higher plants progresses through three distinct phases:the juvenile phase,adult vegetative phase,and reproductive phase.The transition from vegetative to reproductive growth represents a critical developmental transition that affects plant adaptability(Poethig 2003;Baurle and Dean 2006).
基金jointly supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD1300804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472948)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-35)。
文摘Background Nicotinamide riboside(NR)supplementation has been demonstrated efficacy in enhancing female reproductive outcomes,but its regulatory role in sow performance and gut microbiome remains undefined.This study systematically evaluated the impacts of dietary NR supplementation during late gestation and lactation on sow performance and gut microbiome remodeling.A total of 280 sows were randomized assigned to one of four groups:a control group fed basal diet or one of three groups receiving NR-supplemented diets(2,4,or 8 g/d;n=70/group).Sow reproductive performance,blood metabolic parameters,milk metabolome,and fecal 16S rRNA sequencing were measured.Results Maternal NR supplementation linearly shortened farrowing duration(P<0.01)and tended to decrease the incidence of intrauterine growth restriction and the number of late gestation mummies(P<0.1),while concurrently increasing the within-litter uniformity(P=0.1).Litter weaning weight and average daily gain increased quadratically with NR dosage(P<0.05).NR supplementation orchestrated plasma metabolite regulation(triglycerides and total cholesterol;P<0.05),enhanced antioxidant biomarkers(T-AOC,GSH-Px,T-SOD;P<0.05),and reduced inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α;P<0.05)across gestation and lactation.Milk yield,colostrum/milk dry matter,crude protein,and crude fat were increased(P<0.05),together with higher levels of NAD^(+)metabolites(NAD^(+),NR,nicotinamide)and beneficial bioactive factors(milk polar lipids,3-aminosalicylic acid,fenugreekine;P<0.05).Gut microbiota analyses at lactation day 14 revealed NR-enriched beneficial taxa(Bifidobacterium,Ruminococcus,Lachnospiraceae,Subdoligranulum,Clostridium butyricum,Succiniclasticum)across sow-offspring dyads,which was associated with the activation of microbial NAD^(+)enzymes(NadR/NAMPT;P<0.05)and enhancement of systemic short-chain fatty acid flux,notably an increase in plasma butyrate acid(P<0.05).Conclusion Maternal supplementation of NR during late gestation and lactation increases sow performance and promotes gut NAD^(+)metabolic-associated microbiome remodeling.These findings propose maternal NR intervention as a novel strategy to enhance mammary lactogenesis and lactation metabolism in swine production,with potential applications for therapeutic strategies for lactation insufficiency.
基金supported by University Technology Mara(UiTM)under grant number 600-IRMI/FRGS 5/3(273/2019).
文摘Objective:To systematically review the effects of administering metformin and glutathione alone and in coformulation with other compounds on the fertility and reproductive health of diabetic male rodents.Methods:The guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses(PRISMA)were followed to conduct this systematic review.Studies published until August 2024 in PubMed,Web of Science,and Scopus databases were searched,identified,screened,and selected for a detailed review.The keywords included metformin,diabetes,reproduction,glutathione,and rodent models.Results:A total of 166 studies were identified,of which 11 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis.One additional study was identified through snowballing and citation tracking,bringing the total to 12 studies.The findings indicate that metformin and glutathione,administered alone or in combination with other compounds,improved sperm count,motility,and morphology;restored reproductive hormone levels;reduced oxidative stress markers;and improved testicular histopathology in diabetic male rodents.Conclusions:Coformulation of metformin and glutathione with other compounds was found to be more effective in improving fertility and reproductive parameters in diabetic male rodents compared to mono-administration.However,further studies on the coformulation of metformin and glutathione are needed to confirm their efficacy and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.Study registration:The study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews(PROSPERO)with registration number CRD42024561820.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32370780 and 32022018)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1101001)+1 种基金the Taishan Scholars Program Special FundSome strains were provided by the CGC,which is funded by NIH Office of Research Infrastructure Programs(P40 OD010440).
文摘The frequency of aneuploid gamete formation increases with maternal age,yet the effects of genetic variants on meiotic chromosome segregation accuracy during aging remain poorly understood.Using the multicellular organism Caenorhabditis elegans,we investigate the impact of mutations in the conserved cohesin complex on age-associated meiotic errors.Point mutations in the head domain of the cohesin component SMC-1,which alter local hydrophobicity,cause meiotic defects that vary with age.A severe mutation causes incomplete synapsis and defective crossover formation,and a minor one causes age-related diakinesis bivalent abnormalities.Notably,while the mild mutation causes defects only in aged worms,worms with the severe mutation exhibit significantly alleviated phenotypes with age.Genetic and cytological analyses suggest that this alleviation results from a slowed meiotic progression during early prophase,which restores impaired cohesin loading.These findings reveal that cohesin variants,meiotic progression speed during early prophase,and the overall duration of meiosis collectively shape the accuracy of meiotic chromosome segregation.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1001700)the Unveiling and Leading Projects(2022kj05)+1 种基金Yafu Technology Innovation Team of Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry(2024kj02)the Innovation&Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students of Qingdao Agricultural University(QNDC20250149).
文摘As a pivotal environmental factor,light,comprising intensity,photoperiod,and spectrum,governs the entire life cycle of strawberries by mediating alterations in the plant’s morphological,physiological,and biochemical traits.Although extensive research has been conducted on light-mediated growth regulation in horticultural crops,most reviews focus primarily on leafy and fruiting vegetables,with limited attention given to berry crops such as strawberries.Additionally,most existing reviews concentrate on one or several growth stages,failing to systematically characterize light’s effects throughout the entire growth cycle and postharvest stage.This review briefly summarizes the regulatory roles of light across key stages of strawberry growth,including seedling propagation,vegetative growth,reproductive growth,and postharvest stages.It seeks to address the knowledge gap by systematically organizing research findings across these developmental phases.The integrated analysis provides a theoretical foundation for designing stage-specific lighting strategies to improve strawberry yield and quality.
基金supported by the 10 KP project(https://db.cngb.org/1Okp/)and the Scientific Foundation of the Urban Management Bureau of Shenzhen(202403).
文摘Marchantia polymorpha,a model liverwort,provides a valuable system for investigating the evolution of plant sexual reproduction.To explore the cellular landscape of its reproductive structures,we generate a single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of the antheridiophore,archegoniophore,and sporophyte.Using singlenucleus RNA sequencing(snRNA-seq),we capture over 30,000 high-quality nuclei and identify distinct cel populations.In the male organ,we characterize stages of spermatogenesis from early antheridium cells to mature sperm,revealing dynamic transcriptional programs including cell cycle regulation,chromatin remodeling,and calcium signaling.In the female organ,we define cell types including archegonial layers and secondary central cells.Sporophyte clusters are annotated as spores,elaters,capsule wall,foot,and seta cells,with transcriptional signatures related to structural support,stress response,and reproductive functions.Cross-species analysis indicates that capsule wall cells in liverworts are similar to tapetum cells.Notably,foot cells exhibit high expression of genes involved in sporopollenin biosynthesis and signaling pathways,serving as a central hub that mediates communication between the maternal gametophyte and the developing sporophyte.This study provides a comprehensive cellular and molecular map of M.polymorpha reproductive organs and sporophyte,establishing a framework for investigating the development and evolution of sexual reproduction in early land plants.
基金supported by the NSFC(11501269)and the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(23JRRA1041).
文摘The outbreak of infectious diseases is the result of a combination of various factors,including season,the movement of individuals,non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)and the effectiveness and availability of vaccines.Taking these key elements into consideration,an almost periodic SVEIR warning model in the patch environment is here proposed.First,in terms of reproduction numbers,our results imply that if the effective reproduction numbers are R_(e)<1,then the disease dies out;if R_(e)>1,then the disease spreads and leads to local outbreaks.Second,the relationships between R_(e)and C_(s1),C_(a1)(see Section 2)are given by numerical simulations.The numerical results show that even if all people are vaccinated,NPIs are still needed because of the potentially low efficacy of vaccines.Furthermore,the numerical results suggest that NPIs and the strengthening of the effective rate of vaccination are essential in order to achieve herd immunity.Theories involving this model effectively explain the transmission mechanism of most infectious diseases,and provide a valuable theoretical basis for analyzing new infectious diseases in the future.Moreover,this model is helpful for the prevention and control of infectious diseases and the formulation of public health safety policies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20160,32360336)Guizhou Provincial Key Technology R&D Program(Qian KeHe ZhiCheng[2023]YiBan035).
文摘Natural hybridization is known to play a vital role in speciation;however,the mechanisms underlying the early stages of natural hybridization remain unclear.Where two plant species come into contact,two driving forces may balance the dynamic consequences of hybridization:fusion by hybridization-mediated gene flow,and separation by reproductive isolation(RI)(Ma et al.,2010a,b;Chang et al.,2022).
基金supported and funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1300801)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program in Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(ASTIP-IAS-08)。
文摘Background The decline in reproductive performance of aged hens is mainly attributed to oxidative damage in reproductive organs,hepatic lipid metabolism disorders,and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis.Glycyrrhizin(GL)has been proven to enhance antioxidant capacity,regulate lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in mammals,but its efficacy in hens remains unclear.Hence,this study aimed to investigate whether dietary GL supplementation improves reproductive performance in hens during the late laying stage by modulating intestinal microbiota composition,hepatic lipid metabolism and ovarian antioxidant status.Results Dietary supplementation with 100 mg/kg GL significantly improved the egg production rate,egg quality,and hatching rate in aged breeder hens(P<0.05).GL supplementation also increased the serum levels of HDLC,TP and ALB,and enhanced the antioxidant capacity in both serum and ovary(P<0.05).In addition,dietary GL elevated the serum progesterone(P4)levels by enhancing the transcription level of steroid synthesis key enzymes(CYP11A1 and 3β-HSD)in the ovary(P<0.05).Dietary GL also promoted the synthesis and transport of vitellogenin(VTG)by upregulating the VTG-Ⅱ(P<0.05)and APOV1(P=0.077)expression levels in the liver,thereby increasing the number of grade follicles and small yellow follicles.Moreover,dietary GL enhanced hepatic fatty acidβ-oxidation by upregulating PPARαand CPT-I(P<0.05),and downregulating ACC expression levels(P<0.05).In agreement,liver metabolomics analysis revealed that dietary GL supplementation significantly altered hepatic metabolism,with 389 differentially identified metabolites(P<0.05).The key metabolites(e.g.,taurocholic acid,tauroursodeoxycholic acid,nicotinuric acid,glycodeoxycholic acid(hydrate))were identified,and they were mainly functionally enriched in betaalanine metabolism nicotinate,taurine and hypotaurine metabolism(P<0.05).Finally,16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that dietary GL reversed age-induced changes in gut microbiota composition,characterized by a significant increase in Lactobacillus abundance and a decrease in Bacteroides(P<0.05).Conclusions These results collectively demonstrate that dietary supplementation with 100 mg/kg GL improved reproductive performance by reversing age-induced changes in gut microbiota,enhancing hepatic vitellogenin synthesis,and ameliorating ovarian function in aged breeder hens.This study suggests that dietary GL is a potential strategy to improve reproductive performance in broiler breeder hens during the late laying period.
文摘The Editors of Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction wish to thank all reviewers listed below,as well as any others whose names may have been inadvertently omitted,for contributing their time and expertise in reviewing manuscripts submitted to the journal in 2025.Their efforts have greatly contributed to the continued growth and quality of the journal.Here we acknowledge,with special thanks,to those who reviewed one or more papers during the year.Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the list;we apologize for any errors or omissions.
基金funded by COST Action CA21157“European Network for Innovative Woody Plant Cloning”www.cost.eusupported by COST(European Cooperation in Science and Technology)www.cost.eu。
文摘Reforestation initiatives are often limited by insufficient seeds,a problem exacerbated by natural variability in tree flowering and seed production and climate change and other environmental challenges.Innovative and adaptive solutions such as in vitro propagation are thus needed.Tissue culture can provide high-quality propagation material for tree conservation and mass propagation,but faces technical,economic,regulatory,and social barriers.Obstacles related to the academia-industry interface and to stakeholder concerns are discussed and actions suggested to overcome these barriers to realize the full potential of tree micropropagation.These include refining techniques to improve efficiency and reduce costs;establishing collaborations among researchers,industry,and foresters;and reducing points of contention and misinformation regarding genetic diversity and public perception.International collaborative initiatives,exemplified by the EU COST Action CA21157 COPYTREE,are elementary for achieving these goals.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.U23A20103,22476120 and 22106098)Shanxi Province Higher Education"Billion Project"Science and Technology Guidance Project,Youth Science and Technology Research Foundation of Shanxi Province(No.20210302124298)+2 种基金the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi(No.2020L0174)the Startup Foundation for Doctors of Shanxi Province(No.SD1917)the Startup Foundation for Doctors of Shanxi Medical University(No.XD1917).
文摘Bisphenol F(BPF)and Bisphenol S(BPS)are widely used substitutes for Bisphenol A(BPA).However,growing evidence indicated that BPF and BPS may induce physiological effects similar to those of BPA.Furthermore,chemical management and control is primarily focus on the risk assessment of individual compounds,often overlooking the implications of chemical mixtures.We hypothesize that exposure to a mixture of BPA and its substitutes will enhance their endocrine-disruptive effects,disrupt steroid hormone homeostasis,and further impair reproductive system functionality.In the animal study,both female and male mice were exposed to 333μg/kg of BPA,BPF,BPS,their mixture(333μg/kg(MIXL),and 1 mg/kg(MIXH))via gavage daily for four weeks.The study demonstrated that bisphenols(BPs)affected the expression of genes related to steroid hormone synthesis.The MIXL group of female mice exhibited an increasing trend in estradiol(E2)levels and a decreasing trend in progesterone(Pg)and testosterone(TT)levels.Additionally,follicular development was impacted,resulting in an increased number of atretic follicles.In contrast,a significant increase in E2 concentration and disruption of testicular morphology were observed in the MIXH group of male mice,accompanied by a decline in sperm quality.Importantly,these results were corroborated by a population-based investigation.Collectively,the animal experiments indicate that mixed exposure to BPs disrupts hormone levels and adversely affects reproductive function,while epidemiological evidence further establishes correlative links between bisphenols and hormone levels.These findings underscore the necessity of considering chemical mixtures during testing and risk assessment.
文摘Objective:To identify predictors of pregnancy and live birth outcomes in assisted reproductive technology(ART)cycles based on patient characteristics,hormonal profile,and embryo transfer variables.Methods:This retrospective cohort study included 50 fresh in vitro fertilization(IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)cycles selected from ART participants at a single tertiary ART center.Controlled ovarian stimulation was performed using recombinant follicle stimulating hormone(rFSH),gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)antagonist,and menotropins;oocyte retrieval occurred 36 h after trigger and embryo transfer was performed on day 3 or 5.Outcomes(chemical pregnancy,ongoing pregnancy,abortion,live birth)were compared across groups stratified by maternal age,antral follicle count(AFC),anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH),baseline luteinizing hormone(LH),estradiol(E2)at trigger,and endometrial thickness.Multivariate regression was used to identify independent predictors of live birth.Results:A total of 124 ART patients were screened during the study period,of whom 50 participants meeting the eligibility criteria were included in the final analysis.The median age of the participants was 35.8 years[interquartile range(IQR)32.5–39.6].The median AFC was 8(IQR 4–14),AMH level was 1.4 ng/mL(IQR 0.7–2.9),and the median endometrial thickness at embryo transfer was 10.2 mm(IQR 9.0–11.3).Chemical,ongoing,abortion,and live birth rates were 62%,32%,12%,and 16%,respectively.Younger maternal age(<35 years),higher AFC(>12),AMH 1–4 ng/mL,and endometrial thickness≥10 mm were associated with more favorable pregnancy outcomes.In multivariate analysis,higher baseline LH(β=0.089;95%CI 0.017–0.162;P=0.02)and greater endometrial thickness(β=0.145;95%CI 0.011–0.278;P=0.04)independently predicted live birth,whereas age,AFC,AMH,and E2 did not.Conclusions:Maternal age,ovarian reserve markers,LH levels,and endometrial thickness collectively influence ART outcomes.Baseline LH and endometrial receptivity are key independent predictors of live birth and may guide individualized treatment strategies.
文摘Should the article be accepted and published by Meteorological and Environmental Research,the author hereby grants exclusively to the editorial department of Meteorological and Environmental Research the digital reproduction,distribution,compilation and information network transmission rights.
基金financially assisted to Timanshi Chansoriya of the fellowship grant of UGC-NFPwD,New Delhi sanctioned vide UGC F.No.01-01/2019-Sch dated 06.11.2020(Serial No.352 ID:NFPWD-2018-20-UTP-6522).
文摘Objective:To investigate the sterilizing potential of zinc gluconate,calcium chloride(CaCl_(2))and cadmium chloride(CdCl_(2))following a single intratesticular administration in adult male rats.Methods:60 adult male Wistar albino rats(Rattus norvegicus)weighing 160-200 g and aged 5-6 months randomly received a single intratesticular injection of normal saline(Group A),zinc gluconate 13.3 mg/mL plus L-Arginine(Group B),20%CaCl_(2)(Group C),and CdCl_(2)0.5 mg/kg body weight plus ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA)(Group D),respectively,along the entire route from the caudoventral aspect of each testis.They were euthanized up to 180 days to evaluate reproductive tract toxicology.Results:The reproductive organ weights were markedly reduced,with testes severely atrophied in group B,pea-sized and stony hard in group C,and moderately reduced in group D.Azoospermia was evident in groups B and C,while sperm concentration was reduced to<1 million/mL with zero sperm motility in group D.Rats of groups B and C failed to show mounting and copulatory behaviour.A completely disorganized mesh of cellular elements was observed in the seminiferous tubules of group B,while pyknotic germ cell and arrest of spermatogenesis,exfoliated germ cells,occasional syncytial bodies and smaller Leydig cells were evident in groups C and D.Significantly reduced testosterone levels,increased luteinizing hormone(LH)and follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)levels,returned to normal after 90 days in group D.Conclusions:Zinc gluconate and CaCl_(2)injections severely affected the reproductive organs and libido and rats treated with CdCl_(2)exhibited diminished spermatogenesis with normal libido.Thus,the need-based selection of intratesticular agents should consider their distinct effects on spermatogenesis,libido,and hormonal balance for achieving targeted sterilization outcomes.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(LH2023C028)。
文摘Zinc,an essential trace element,plays a pivotal role in maintaining animal health and physiological functions.This review comprehensively examines zinc metabolism—including absorption dynamics across species(poultry,ruminants,and non-ruminants),transport mechanisms,storage in tissues,e.g.,the liver,and excretion pathways—and its multifaceted effects on animal health.Zinc critically regulates aspects of growth and development,particularly bone formation,as its deficiency induces skeletal deformities in young animals.It modulates immune function through zinc finger proteins,influencing immune organ integrity,lymphocyte proliferation,and cytokine expression.Reproductive performance is significantly affected by zinc,with its deficiency causing impaired spermatogenesis;delayed sexual maturity in males;and reduced litter size,embryonic survival,and placental function in females.At the molecular level,zinc regulates the activity of enzymes(e.g.,SOD),signaling pathways(MAPK,NF-κB),and transcription factors(MTF-1,Sp1)to maintain homeostasis.Both zinc deficiency(due to dietary insufficiency,malabsorption,or physiological stress)and zinc excess(from environmental pollution or feed oversupplementation)adversely affect health,disrupting mineral balance,enzyme function,and gut microbiota.In animal production,inorganic(zinc oxide,zinc sulfate)and organic(zinc methionine)sources of zinc increase growth,immunity,and productivity,although sustainable strategies are needed to mitigate environmental risks.Future research should focus on novel zinc formulations,precision nutrition,and interactions with gut microbiota to optimize livestock health and sustainable husbandry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32072630,32372774,and U22A20499)the earmarked fund for CARS(Grant No.CARS-19-01A).
文摘Tea plant(Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze)is a cold-sensitive leaf-harvesting crop whose growth,yield,and processed tea quality are all inhibited by low temperatures.Therefore,identifying the regulatory genes involved in tea plant growth and freezing tolerance is crucial for genetic improvement.WRKY transcription factors regulate various plant processes,including growth and development,stress responses,and metabolite biosynthesis.However,the molecular network through which WRKY coordinates these pathways in tea plants remains unclear.In this study,we revealed that CsWRKY57L,a cold-inducible WRKY IIc subfamily member,positively regulated freezing tolerance by directly promoting flavonoid accumulation in tea plants.Transient suppression of CsWRKY57L weakened the freezing tolerance of tea plants by reducing flavonoid content and suppressing the C-repeat-binding factor(CBF)-cold-responsive(COR)gene pathway.In contrast,heterologous overexpression of CsWRKY57L in Arabidopsis had the opposite effect.Additionally,overexpression of CsWRKY57L inhibited reproductive development and accelerated senescence in Arabidopsis.Interaction analysis revealed that CsWRKY57L directly binds to the promoters of CsSWEET1a,CsSWEET15,and AtSWEET15,which encode sugar transporters essential for plant reproductive development,and inhibits their transcription.Overall,the study revealed a dual role of CsWRKY57L in promoting freezing tolerance via flavonoid biosynthesis and inhibiting reproductive development by regulating SWEETs expression.This study uncovers a novel mechanism whereby CsWRKY57L coordinately regulates both stress responses and growth in tea plants,providing a molecular basis for breeding low-temperature-tolerant varieties with restricted reproductive development.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFD2401305,2022YFD2401303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42166005,42076097)。
文摘Stichopus chloronotus is a tropical sea cucumber with facultative asexual reproduction in the Indo-Western Pacific,yet its wild populations are decreasing due to extensive harvesting.Understanding the species’genetic characteristics is essential for effective management and conservation.To develop novel microsatellite markers and assess the genetic diversity,clonality,and genetic structure of eight populations of S.chloronotus in the South China Sea,193 individuals from eight populations across Wuzhizhou and Fenjiezhou(Boundary)islands were analyzed using nine newly developed microsatellite markers and five previously established markers.RNA-Seq was employed to obtained 62662 unigenes and identified 16926 microsatellite loci.Fourteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed,of which 11 were highly polymorphic(polymorphic information content>0.5).The number of alleles(N_(a))ranged from 3 to 6 per locus,and the average Shannon diversity index(I)was 1.107.All the populations exhibited asexual reproduction,with regional variations in reproductive modes.Asexual reproduction was predominant in the northwestern Wuzhizhou Island population(SY 7)and the Fenjiezhou Island population(LS 8),where four and five predominant clones represented more than 89%of the individuals,which led to reduced genetic diversity.Overall,genetic diversity was moderately low,with significant genetic differentiation among populations(F_(ST)=0.33;P<0.001),suggesting limited gene flow(the number of migrants(N_(m))<1).These findings highlight the role of reproductive strategies in shaping fine-scale genetic differentiation in S.chloronotus.The limited recruitment success of sexually produced larvae and habitat heterogeneity likely constrain clone dispersal,contributing to distinct genetic restructuring.This study provided key insights into the interplay between reproductive strategies and genetic patterns in sea cucumbers,offering a scientific basis for targeted conservation efforts.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12571549,12571592,12471463,12022113,12101573)。
文摘Vaccination is a key strategy to curb the spread of epidemics.Heterologous vaccination,unlike homologous vaccination which acts on a single target and forms a single immune barrier,covers multiple targets for broader protection.Yet,heterologous vaccination involves a complex decision process that conventional game-theoretic approaches,such as classical,evolutionary,and minority games cannot adequately capture.The parallel minority game(PMG)can handle bounded-rational,multi-choice decisions,but its application in vaccine research remains rare.In this study,we propose a vaccination-transmission coupled dynamic mechanism based on the parallel minority game and simulate it on a two-dimensional lattice.Using actual observational data and a mean-field mathematical model,we verify the effectiveness of this mechanism in simulating realistic vaccination behavior and transmission dynamics.We further analyze the impact of key parameters,such as vaccine efficacy differences and the proportion of individuals eligible for vaccine switching,on containment effectiveness.Our results demonstrate that heterologous vaccination surpasses homologous vaccination in containment effectiveness,particularly when vaccine efficacy varies significantly.This work provides a novel framework and empirical evidence for understanding individual decision-making and population-wide immunity formation in multi-vaccine settings.
文摘Background:Epidemiological studies have confirmed that longer exposure to insecticides like cypermethrin(CYP)significantly increases the risk of male reproductive toxicity.Crocus sativus L.has been recognized due to its therapeutic properties,but its exact role and molecular mechanisms in treatment of reproductive dysfunction remain unclear.Methods:During this study,36 rats were randomly divided into six groups(n=6):control,CYP-induced(60 mg/kg),standard(leuprolide 3 mg/kg)and three treatment groups receiving aqueous,ethanolic,and oil extracts(50 mg/kg or 20 mL/kg)for post-toxicity induction.Results:The finding represented that exposure of CYP significantly increased oxidative stress,disrupted testicular architecture,and markedly reduced testosterone levels(P<0.05).Importantly,Crocus sativus L.treatment alleviated these changes by increasing the expression of Nrf2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2),restoring the activity of antioxidant enzymes,and enhancing testicular histomorphology.Surprisingly,molecular docking established a high binding affinity of Crocus sativus L.phytoconstituents such as gallic acid,cinnamic acid and quercetin to the Nrf2-Keap1 complex.It is worth noting that,Crocus sativus L.exhibited a high level of protection against reproductive toxicity caused by CYP in male rats,which was mediated by the activation of Nrf2 pathway,reduction of oxidative damage,and favorable ADMET characteristics.Conclusion:Notably,this research provides a more valid,safe,and effective method of developing new drugs for reproductive disorders,however,further investigation is needed to support the research findings and implement it in clinical practice.
