Sham acupuncture,as a control intervention in acupuncture studies,has been widely conducted to eval-uate the specific effect of acupuncture.However,there was no relevant particular reporting guideline,so the reporting...Sham acupuncture,as a control intervention in acupuncture studies,has been widely conducted to eval-uate the specific effect of acupuncture.However,there was no relevant particular reporting guideline,so the reporting quality of sham acupuncture was low,which could hinder the precise understanding and interpretation of details and implementation background of sham acupuncture by researchers.In order to standardize the reporting of sham acupuncture and improve its quality,SHam Acupuncture REporting guidelines and a checklist in clinical trials(SHARE)was developed by a research team from Beijing Univer-sity of Chinese Medicine.The SAHRE standardizes the reporting of sham acupuncture from 10 categories,including brief name,rationales,details of sham acupuncture,treatment regimen of sham acupuncture,the information informed or explained to patients,practitioner information,modifications of protocol,communication between practitioner and patient,practitioner adherence and blinding.This article elab-orates the development process and key content of SHARE in order to facilitate its application by re-searchers.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:In recent years,the number of clinical research reports on acupuncture and manipulation for the treatment of greater occipital neuralgia has gradually increased,but the quality is uneven.There is currently n...OBJECTIVE:In recent years,the number of clinical research reports on acupuncture and manipulation for the treatment of greater occipital neuralgia has gradually increased,but the quality is uneven.There is currently no literature evaluating the quality of published reports,which is not conducive to the promotion of clinical use of these therapies.Therefore,this article assessed the reporting quality of randomized controlled trials on acupuncture and manipulation for greater occipital neuralgia.METHODS:Cochrane Library,PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP,WanFang Data,and Chinese BioMedical Literature Database(CBM)from inception to May 20,2024 were searched.The reporting quality of included randomized controlled trials was independently evaluated by two investigators using the CONSORT statement,STRICTA checklist,and Cochrane bias of risk assessment tool.A third investigator resolved any disagreement.RESULTS:A total of 62 articles were included.Based on the CONSORT statement,59.46%(22/37)of all entries had a reporting rate of less than 50%,mainly including“Identification as a randomized trial in the title(1/62,1.61%),”“How sample size was determined(7/62,11.29%),”“Implementation(1/62,1.61%),”“Blinding(1/62,1.61%),”and“Reports of Funding(4/62,6.45%).”According to the STRICTA checklist,29.41%(5/17)of all entries had a reporting rate of less than 50%,mainly including“Details of other interventions(7/58,12.07%),”“Setting and context of treatment(0/58,0%),”and“Description of participating acupuncturists(0/58,0%).”CONCLUSION:The reporting quality of randomized controlled trials on acupuncture and manipulation therapy for greater occipital neuralgia remains low.Future researchers need to make greater efforts to strictly adhere to the CONSORT statement and STRICTA checklist during trial design,implementation,and reporting.This will facilitate the standardization of research in this field and enhance the reliability and reproducibility of the research results.展开更多
Objectives:This study aimed to investigate the dual mediating roles of psychological safety and reporting attitudes in the association between ethics-centered leadership and internal whistleblowing among nurses.Method...Objectives:This study aimed to investigate the dual mediating roles of psychological safety and reporting attitudes in the association between ethics-centered leadership and internal whistleblowing among nurses.Methods:A multicenter,cross-sectional study design was employed,involving a convenience sample of 273 nurses among five university hospitals from August to October 2024.Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire,Ethical Leadership Scale,Psychological Safety Scale,Positive Attitudes Toward Whistleblowing Scale,and Internal Whistleblowing Scale.Pearson correlation and structural equation model were conducted to test the hypothesized dual mediation model.Results:The average score of nurses for ethical leadership was 4.14±0.57,psychological safety was 3.80±0.64,reporting attitudes was 4.12±0.67,internal whistleblowing was 3.93±0.52.Ethical leadership had a significant effect on psychological safety(β=0.38,P<0.001),reporting attitudes(β=0.44,P<0.001),and internal whistleblowing(β=0.21,P=0.009).Furthermore,psychological safety(β=0.26,P<0.001)and reporting attitudes(β=0.27,P<0.001)significantly influenced internal whistleblowing among the nurses.The indirect effect of ethics-centered leadership on internal whistleblowing intermediated by psychological safety was significant(β=0.10,P<0.001).Similarly,reporting attitudes demonstrated a significant mediating effect(β=0.12,P=0.003).Conclusions:Ethical leadership encourages internal whistleblowing among nurses by fostering psychological safety and positive reporting attitudes.Therefore,healthcare managers should prioritize ethical leadership development,enhance psychological safety,and foster constructive reporting attitudes that enable nurses to report ethical violations confidently,without apprehension.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to assess the local staging of bladder tumors in patients utilizing preoperative multiparametric MRI(mpMRI)and to demonstrate the clinical efficacy of this method through a comparative analy...Objective This study aimed to assess the local staging of bladder tumors in patients utilizing preoperative multiparametric MRI(mpMRI)and to demonstrate the clinical efficacy of this method through a comparative analysis with corresponding histopathological findings.Methods Between November 2020 and April 2022,63 patients with a planned cystoscopy and a preliminary or previous diagnosis of bladder tumor were included.All participants underwent mpMRI,and Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System(VI-RADS)criteria were applied to assess the recorded images.Subsequently,obtained biopsies were histopathologically examined and compared with radiological findings.Results Of the 63 participants,60 were male,and three were female.Categorizing tumors with a VI-RADS score of>3 as muscle invasive,84%were radiologically classified as having an invasive bladder tumor.However,histopathological results indicated invasive bladder tumors in 52%of cases.Sensitivity of the VI-RADS score was 100%;specificity was 23%;the negative predictive value was 100%;and the positive predictive value was 62%.Conclusion The scoring system obtained through mpMRI,VI-RADS,proves to be a successful method,particularly in determining the absence of muscle invasion in bladder cancer.Its efficacy in detecting muscle invasion in bladder tumors could be further enhanced with additional studies,suggesting potential for increased diagnostic efficiency through ongoing research.The VI-RADS could enhance the selection of patients eligible for accurate diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
Background:Lenvatinib is primarily utilized for the treatment of inoperable or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma,radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer,and advanced renal cell carcinoma.Primary informati...Background:Lenvatinib is primarily utilized for the treatment of inoperable or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma,radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer,and advanced renal cell carcinoma.Primary information about adverse reactions is principally derived from clinical trials;however,there is a notable dearth of substantial real-world studies.Methods:In this research,an examination of the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS)database was performed to evaluate the potential side effects of lenvatinib.The FAERS database revealed a total of 20,290 reported adverse events associated with lenvatinib.Different algorithms for repeated measure analysis were employed to ascertain the significance of these adverse reactions.Results:The study identified 170 instances of adverse events(AEs)induced by lenvatinib,incorporating several significant adverse reactions that the product label does not mention.The investigation also evaluated the onset periods of the adverse reactions,pinpointing a median time of 43 days.The majority of adverse reactions manifested within the initial month of lenvatinib use.Sex-specific analysis revealed disparities in high risk adverse reactions between females(vascular and lymphatic diseases,and neuronal organ diseases)and males(death and infectious diseases).Our data mining has unveiled adverse reactions beyond those mentioned within the instructions,such as osteonecrosis of the jaw,cholecystitis,cholangitis,dehydration,tumor lysis syndrome,type 1 diabetes,hyperammonemia,liver abscess,interstitial lung disease,pneumothorax,sudden death,and aortic dissection.Conclusion:The insights derived from these findings contribute significant nuances for optimizing lenvatinib use,enhancing its efficacy,and substantially mitigating potential side effects.These data elements will substantially enhance the implementation of the drug in a clinical environment.展开更多
With globalized world, expectations about business＇ role in the society and the world have increased; rather than just calculating profit and recording it, business has taken a step further. Accordingly, the social r...With globalized world, expectations about business＇ role in the society and the world have increased; rather than just calculating profit and recording it, business has taken a step further. Accordingly, the social responsibility reporting, sustainability reporting, and environmental reporting concepts have emerged. Financial reporting just focuses on a portion of the company＇s status and is unable to show the effects of environmental factors, climate changes on the companies. In addition, sustainability reporting was unable to show financial data which aims to see the risks and opportunities better, improves corporate reputation, and evaluates the performance of the company in accordance with the laws and norms. Investors need to establish a relationship between the financial and non-financial information in order to carry out risk analysis, as a result, the idea of integrated reporting has arised. Many companies have willingly started to prepare integrated reports in various formats and every report has been formed in accordance with the needs of readers and business properties. In addition, integrated reporting principles and guidelines have been published by the International Integrated Reporting Council, in order to provide guidance to report preparers. With the increasing importance and spread of integrated reporting, debates about the benefits and problems encountered in the preparation increased. In this study, the followings are explained： the terms of financial reporting, sustainability reporting, and financial reporting; emergence of these terms; benefits of integrated reporting and problems that may be encountered while preparation; and the relationship between financial reporting and integrated reporting.展开更多
BACKGROUND There is still considerable heterogeneity regarding which features of cryptoglandular anal fistula on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and endoanal ultrasound(EAUS)are relevant to surgical decision-making.As ...BACKGROUND There is still considerable heterogeneity regarding which features of cryptoglandular anal fistula on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and endoanal ultrasound(EAUS)are relevant to surgical decision-making.As a con-sequence,the quality and completeness of the report are highly dependent on the training and experience of the examiners.AIM To develop a structured MRI and EAUS template(SMART)reporting the minimum dataset of information for the treatment of anal fistulas.METHODS This modified Delphi survey based on the RAND-UCLA appropriateness for consensus-building was conducted between May and August 2023.One hundred and fifty-one articles selected from a systematic review of the lite-rature formed the database to generate the evidence-based statements for the Delphi study.Fourteen questions were anonymously voted by an interdisciplinary multidisciplinary group for a maximum of three iterative rounds.The degree of agreement was scored on a numeric 0–10 scale.Group consensus was defined as a score≥8 for≥80%of the panelists.RESULTS Eleven scientific societies(3 radiological and 8 surgical)endorsed the study.After three rounds of voting,the experts(69 colorectal surgeons,23 radiologists,2 anatomists,and 1 gastroenterologist)achieved consensus for 12 of 14 statements(85.7%).Based on the results of the Delphi process,the six following features of anal fistulas were included in the SMART:Primary tract,secondary extension,internal opening,presence of collection,coexisting le-sions,and sphincters morphology.CONCLUSION A structured template,SMART,was developed to standardize imaging reporting of fistula-in-ano in a simple,systematic,time-efficient way,providing the minimum dataset of information and visual diagram useful to refer-ring physicians.展开更多
BACKGROUND Collision tumor are neoplasms,including two histologically distinct tumors that coexist in the same mass without histological admixture.The incidence of collision tumor is low and is rare clinically.AIM To ...BACKGROUND Collision tumor are neoplasms,including two histologically distinct tumors that coexist in the same mass without histological admixture.The incidence of collision tumor is low and is rare clinically.AIM To investigate ultrasound images and application of ovarian-adnexal reporting and data system(O-RADS)to evaluate the risk and pathological characteristics of ovarian collision tumor.METHODS This study retrospectively analyzed 17 cases of ovarian collision tumor diagnosed pathologically from January 2020 to December 2023.All clinical features,ultrasound images and histopathological features were collected and analyzed.The O-RADS score was used for classification.The O-RADS score was determined by two senior doctors in the gynecological ultrasound group.Lesions with O-RADS score of 1-3 were classified as benign tumors,and lesions with O-RADS score of 4 or 5 were classified as malignant tumors.RESULTS There were 17 collision tumors detected in 16 of 6274 patients who underwent gynecological surgery.The average age of 17 women with ovarian collision tumor was 36.7 years(range 20-68 years),in whom,one occurred bilaterally and the rest occurred unilaterally.The average tumor diameter was 10 cm,of which three were 2-5 cm,11 were 5-10 cm,and three were>10 cm.Five(29.4%)tumors with O-RADS score 3 were endometriotic cysts with fibroma/serous cystadenoma,and unilocular or multilocular cysts contained a small number of parenchymal components.Eleven(64.7%)tumors had an O-RADS score of 4,including two in category 4A,six in category 4B,and three in category 4C;all of which were multilocular cystic tumors with solid components or multiple papillary components.One(5.9%)tumor had an O-RADS score of 5.This case was a solid mass,and a small amount of pelvic effusion was detected under ultrasound.The pathology was high-grade serous cystic cancer combined with cystic mature teratoma.There were nine(52.9%)tumors with elevated serum carbohydrate antigen(CA)125 and two(11.8%)with elevated serum CA19-9.Histological and pathological results showed that epithelial-cell-derived tumors combined with other tumors were the most common,which was different from previous results.CONCLUSION The ultrasound images of ovarian collision tumor have certain specificity,but diagnosis by preoperative ultrasound is difficult.The combination of epithelial and mesenchymal cell tumors is one of the most common types of ovarian collision tumor.The O-RADS score of ovarian collision tumor is mostly≥4,which can sensitively detect malignant tumors.展开更多
In this editorial,a commentary on the article by Sudoł-Szopińska et al has been provided.Successful treatment of anal fistula(AF)relies on accurate diagnosis.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and endoanal ultrasound(EUS...In this editorial,a commentary on the article by Sudoł-Szopińska et al has been provided.Successful treatment of anal fistula(AF)relies on accurate diagnosis.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and endoanal ultrasound(EUS)are important for the AF diagnosis.Previously,colorectal surgeons found that AF reports in MRI and EUS issued by radiologists were not appropriate for decision-making and management.To address this issue,a new AF reporting template in MRI and EUS has been developed.The new reporting template has several strengths:(1)It was based on the Delphi study of consensus statements,generated by numerous experts,including 69 colorectal surgeons from different countries,disciplines,and centers;and(2)Fourteen evidence-based statements were discussed repeatedly for 12 months and anonymously voted on in 3 rounds,achieving a consensus on 12 of 14 statements(85.7%).The reporting template comprises six features,each detailing several items related to AF classification and management,with illu-strative diagrams of the anatomy.The use of this new reporting template would assist radiologists in reporting in a standardized manner and would be suitable for surgeons in decision-making and management,thereby improving treatment quality and avoiding or reducing complications.展开更多
Our study describes the reported rate of the Institutional Review Board(IRB)approval,declaration of Helsinki(DoH),and informed consent in the case reports and case series and investigates factors associated with the e...Our study describes the reported rate of the Institutional Review Board(IRB)approval,declaration of Helsinki(DoH),and informed consent in the case reports and case series and investigates factors associated with the ethical approval report.We searched PubMed for case reports and case series from 2006 to 2017.Annually,we obtained the first 20 articles of a case report cluster from 20 distinct publications.This analysis initially contained at least 2400 papers,with 100 papers each study design and year.Only 26(5.4%)of 480 included studies reported IRB approval,DoH approval,and participant informed consent;58(12.1%)reported two out of three ethical statements(DoH,informed consent,IRB);and 151(31.5%)reported only one,leading to nearly 245 studies(51.0%)did not report any ethical approval item.Both clusters mentioned the DoH the least.Only years,ages,ethical item types,and cluster types were associated with ethical reporting practices.This study found the serious under‐reporting of ethical practices in both case reports and case series.展开更多
Intellectual capital disclosure （ICD） has experienced a substantial increase in recent decades and many frameworks and guidelines have been issued to provide directions with regard to what constitutes ＂good＂ ICD. ...Intellectual capital disclosure （ICD） has experienced a substantial increase in recent decades and many frameworks and guidelines have been issued to provide directions with regard to what constitutes ＂good＂ ICD. Companies can use Extensible Business Reporting Language （XBRL） to ＂build＂ their own intellectual capital （IC） reports. This digital format has both technical and operating characteristics suitable for reporting non-financial information. This paper reports the findings of a survey of the views of 37 Italian preparers on the scope, the taxonomy, and the assurance of IC reporting via XBRL. It was found that respondents favor the adoption of an IC reporting framework and the standardization of IC indicators. Preferences reveal uncertainty about the level of flexibility for tagging IC information, while supporting the main benefits of XBRL and indicating a marked inclination for tagged information certified by an independent audit. Overall, despite a low awareness of XBRL, the importance placed on standardization of IC information and on the usefulness of the comparability and the speed attribute of XBRL supports the appealing features of this language for developing IC reporting.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide,with rising clinical and economic burden as incidence increases.There are a multitude of evolving treatment options,including locore...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide,with rising clinical and economic burden as incidence increases.There are a multitude of evolving treatment options,including locoregional therapies which can be used alone,in combination with each other,or in combination with systemic therapy.These treatment options have shown to be effective in achieving remission,controlling tumor progression,improving disease free and overall survival in patients who cannot undergo resection and providing a bridge to transplant by debulking tumor burden to downstage patients.Following locoregional therapy(LRT),it is crucial to provide treatment response assessment to guide management and liver transplant candidacy.Therefore,Liver Imaging Reporting and Data Systems(LI-RADS)Treatment Response Algorithm(TRA)was created to provide a standardized assessment of HCC following LRT.LIRADS TRA provides a step by step approach to evaluate each lesion independently for accurate tumor assessment.In this review,we provide an overview of different locoregional therapies for HCC,describe the expected post treatment imaging appearance following treatment,and review the LI-RADS TRA with guidance for its application in clinical practice.Unique to other publications,we will also review emerging literature supporting the use of LI-RADS for assessment of HCC treatment response after LRT.展开更多
There had been no standardized rules for citing ethical Kampo products used in clinical trials in journal articles. Although the name of a Kampo manufacturer was described in 77.9% of research articles, the name and r...There had been no standardized rules for citing ethical Kampo products used in clinical trials in journal articles. Although the name of a Kampo manufacturer was described in 77.9% of research articles, the name and ratios of crude drug components of Kampo formulas were not described in 77.5% of these papers. Considering the importance of proper characterization of interventions in the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials （CONSORT） checklist, we hereby propose the use of the Standards of Reporting Kampo Products （STORK） website, http：//mpdb.nibiohn.go.jp/stork, as a reference for Kampo products. This will provide an official source on the internet for verified information on individual Kampo formulations for citation purposes in clinical research articles.展开更多
Objective:Reporting research is as important a part of a study as its design or analysis.Reporting guidelines(RGs)provide structured advice on how to report research studies clearly and adequately.This study aimed to ...Objective:Reporting research is as important a part of a study as its design or analysis.Reporting guidelines(RGs)provide structured advice on how to report research studies clearly and adequately.This study aimed to review the development of RGs of Chinese medicine(CM)and to provide recommen-dations for improvement.Methods:Through a systematic search of the Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research(EQUATOR)Network and electronic databases up to January 1,2022,we identified a total of 15 RGs of CM,and further summarized their characteristics and applications.In addition,we reviewed the development of international RGs and analyzed its impact for CM.Results:Compared with the generic RGs,the reporting standards of CM have been rapidly developed over the last 10 years,of which 57%were issued in recent 3 years(2019-2021).Currently,the system of RGs of CM has been established,especially for clinical trials,including various CM interventions and covering the guidelines from trial registration,protocol,results publication to the evidence synthesis and clinical practice guideline.However,the application of RGs of CM is suboptimal.Conclusion:It is necessary to take further measures to promote practical application,improve journals’endorsement,and establish quality monitoring procedures for RGs of CM in the future.展开更多
Purpose: The objective of the study was to design and implement an electronic synoptic report for thyroid sonography that incorporates the thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TIRADS) and assess potential for re...Purpose: The objective of the study was to design and implement an electronic synoptic report for thyroid sonography that incorporates the thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TIRADS) and assess potential for reducing unnecessary fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) of thyroid nodules. Methods: The electronic synoptic report was developed using a relational database based on elements from TIRADS and a multidisciplinary consensus statement for thyroid reporting. A retrospective analysis of 138 patients with previously reported thyroid sonographic exams was evaluated for the presence of these elements. The electronic synoptic report calculates the TIRADS score and generates a formal report. Using the TIRADS score the potential decrease in unnecessary FNAB was estimated. Results: Key TIRADS elements were variously reported ranging from 43% for the thyroid nodule’s architecture as solid or cystic. Thyroid nodule echogenicity and calcification was commented in 27% and 23%, respectively. Other features of the TIRADS score were commented in 0% to 8% of the official reports. Estimated reduction for potentially reduced need for FNAB was 34.5%. Conclusions: This study is the first implementation of synoptic reporting using a relational database for sonography of thyroid nodules. Implementation of an electronic standardized synoptic reporting system may facilitate more accurate, and more comprehensive reporting for thyroid ultrasound scanning of thyroid nodules. The use of TIRADS was estimated to be able to potentially reduce the need for FNAB which was significant.展开更多
Web-based corporate reporting is the provision of financial information through the Internet. Other companies prefer to disclose their financial information in order to satisfy their investors and to attract new ones ...Web-based corporate reporting is the provision of financial information through the Internet. Other companies prefer to disclose their financial information in order to satisfy their investors and to attract new ones while others prefer to provide as less information as possible. The purpose of this paper is twofold： first it provides a critical examination of the main reporting criteria followed by the Greek listed companies, in order to point out how many of these companies present these criteria. Second, it considers how the industry sector of the listed companies or their capitalization category is related with their disclosure degree of financial reporting.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to examine the use of reporting verbs(RVs)in China-based and Western SSCI indexed English journal articles.Writing samples(N=168)are compared in terms of the frequencies of RVs,selection o...The purpose of this study is to examine the use of reporting verbs(RVs)in China-based and Western SSCI indexed English journal articles.Writing samples(N=168)are compared in terms of the frequencies of RVs,selection of high-frequency RVs and the evaluative orientations of RVs.The results suggest that whereas both English academic articles published in China and English academic articles published in English-speaking countries use similar varieties of RVs.Using the resources of appraisal theory,we found that English academic articles published in Chinas use fewer discourse RVs;they tend to use more neutral RVs,providing no overt intersubjective stance on the cited evidence,whereas English academic articles published in English-speaking countries favor more positive RVs to endorse the evidence during the argument.In particular,English academic articles published in China rarely employ negative and critical RVs.Academic writers’preferences of RVs are not only due to their language proficiency,but also due to their discursive tradition and underlying cultural values.They also have to do with the journals’coverage of topics and attitude toward academic debates and original thinking.The comparative findings have implications for English academic articles published in China,especially those based in non-English-speaking countries,when they try to use RVs to develop authorial stance in English:that is,to distinguish the semantic stance of RVs and cultivate cross-language and-culture awareness.展开更多
Purpose: To address the under-reporting of research results, with emphasis on the underreporting/distorted reporting of adverse events in the biomedical research literature.Design/methodology/approach: A four-step app...Purpose: To address the under-reporting of research results, with emphasis on the underreporting/distorted reporting of adverse events in the biomedical research literature.Design/methodology/approach: A four-step approach is used:(1) To identify the characteristics of literature that make it adequate to support policy;(2) to show how each of these characteristics becomes degraded to make inadequate literature;(3) to identify incentives to prevent inadequate literature; and(4) to show policy implications of inadequate literature.Findings: This review has provided reasons for, and examples of, adverse health effects of myriad substances(1) being under-reported in the premiere biomedical literature, or(2) entering this literature in distorted form. Since there is no way to gauge the extent of this under/distorted-reporting, the quality and credibility of the ‘premiere’ biomedical literature is unknown. Therefore, any types of meta-analyses or scientometric analyses of this literaturewill have unknown quality and credibility. The most sophisticated scientometric analysis cannot compensate for a highly flawed database.Research limitations: The main limitation is in identifying examples of under-reporting. There are many incentives for under-reporting and few dis-incentives.Practical implications: Almost all research publications, addressing causes of disease, treatments for disease, diagnoses for disease, scientometrics of disease and health issues, and other aspects of healthcare, build upon previous healthcare-related research published. Many researchers will not have laboratories or other capabilities to replicate or validate the published research, and depend almost completely on the integrity of this literature. If the literature is distorted, then future research can be misguided, and health policy recommendations can be ineffective or worse.Originality/value: This review has examined a much wider range of technical and nontechnical causes for under-reporting of adverse events in the biomedical literature than previous studies.展开更多
We provide evidence on the effect of the presentation format and information content of Internet financial reporting on the market value of American Depository Receipts and on country-specific variables that drive Int...We provide evidence on the effect of the presentation format and information content of Internet financial reporting on the market value of American Depository Receipts and on country-specific variables that drive Internet financial reporting. A two-stage Heckman approach was used to determine if Internet financial reporting adds incremental value to firms beyond the decision to cross-list in the United States. The results indicate that investors more highly value firms that provide information in multiple formats. We also find that country-specific variables affect the information content, but not the presentation format of disclosures on corporate websites. The results uncover a disconnection between what the market values （presentation format） and what the firms believe the market values （information content）. This implies that firms are not entirely aware of investors＇ information wants and that they are not utilizing their resources in the manner that will have the most impact on their market value.展开更多
文摘Sham acupuncture,as a control intervention in acupuncture studies,has been widely conducted to eval-uate the specific effect of acupuncture.However,there was no relevant particular reporting guideline,so the reporting quality of sham acupuncture was low,which could hinder the precise understanding and interpretation of details and implementation background of sham acupuncture by researchers.In order to standardize the reporting of sham acupuncture and improve its quality,SHam Acupuncture REporting guidelines and a checklist in clinical trials(SHARE)was developed by a research team from Beijing Univer-sity of Chinese Medicine.The SAHRE standardizes the reporting of sham acupuncture from 10 categories,including brief name,rationales,details of sham acupuncture,treatment regimen of sham acupuncture,the information informed or explained to patients,practitioner information,modifications of protocol,communication between practitioner and patient,practitioner adherence and blinding.This article elab-orates the development process and key content of SHARE in order to facilitate its application by re-searchers.
文摘OBJECTIVE:In recent years,the number of clinical research reports on acupuncture and manipulation for the treatment of greater occipital neuralgia has gradually increased,but the quality is uneven.There is currently no literature evaluating the quality of published reports,which is not conducive to the promotion of clinical use of these therapies.Therefore,this article assessed the reporting quality of randomized controlled trials on acupuncture and manipulation for greater occipital neuralgia.METHODS:Cochrane Library,PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP,WanFang Data,and Chinese BioMedical Literature Database(CBM)from inception to May 20,2024 were searched.The reporting quality of included randomized controlled trials was independently evaluated by two investigators using the CONSORT statement,STRICTA checklist,and Cochrane bias of risk assessment tool.A third investigator resolved any disagreement.RESULTS:A total of 62 articles were included.Based on the CONSORT statement,59.46%(22/37)of all entries had a reporting rate of less than 50%,mainly including“Identification as a randomized trial in the title(1/62,1.61%),”“How sample size was determined(7/62,11.29%),”“Implementation(1/62,1.61%),”“Blinding(1/62,1.61%),”and“Reports of Funding(4/62,6.45%).”According to the STRICTA checklist,29.41%(5/17)of all entries had a reporting rate of less than 50%,mainly including“Details of other interventions(7/58,12.07%),”“Setting and context of treatment(0/58,0%),”and“Description of participating acupuncturists(0/58,0%).”CONCLUSION:The reporting quality of randomized controlled trials on acupuncture and manipulation therapy for greater occipital neuralgia remains low.Future researchers need to make greater efforts to strictly adhere to the CONSORT statement and STRICTA checklist during trial design,implementation,and reporting.This will facilitate the standardization of research in this field and enhance the reliability and reproducibility of the research results.
文摘Objectives:This study aimed to investigate the dual mediating roles of psychological safety and reporting attitudes in the association between ethics-centered leadership and internal whistleblowing among nurses.Methods:A multicenter,cross-sectional study design was employed,involving a convenience sample of 273 nurses among five university hospitals from August to October 2024.Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire,Ethical Leadership Scale,Psychological Safety Scale,Positive Attitudes Toward Whistleblowing Scale,and Internal Whistleblowing Scale.Pearson correlation and structural equation model were conducted to test the hypothesized dual mediation model.Results:The average score of nurses for ethical leadership was 4.14±0.57,psychological safety was 3.80±0.64,reporting attitudes was 4.12±0.67,internal whistleblowing was 3.93±0.52.Ethical leadership had a significant effect on psychological safety(β=0.38,P<0.001),reporting attitudes(β=0.44,P<0.001),and internal whistleblowing(β=0.21,P=0.009).Furthermore,psychological safety(β=0.26,P<0.001)and reporting attitudes(β=0.27,P<0.001)significantly influenced internal whistleblowing among the nurses.The indirect effect of ethics-centered leadership on internal whistleblowing intermediated by psychological safety was significant(β=0.10,P<0.001).Similarly,reporting attitudes demonstrated a significant mediating effect(β=0.12,P=0.003).Conclusions:Ethical leadership encourages internal whistleblowing among nurses by fostering psychological safety and positive reporting attitudes.Therefore,healthcare managers should prioritize ethical leadership development,enhance psychological safety,and foster constructive reporting attitudes that enable nurses to report ethical violations confidently,without apprehension.
文摘Objective This study aimed to assess the local staging of bladder tumors in patients utilizing preoperative multiparametric MRI(mpMRI)and to demonstrate the clinical efficacy of this method through a comparative analysis with corresponding histopathological findings.Methods Between November 2020 and April 2022,63 patients with a planned cystoscopy and a preliminary or previous diagnosis of bladder tumor were included.All participants underwent mpMRI,and Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System(VI-RADS)criteria were applied to assess the recorded images.Subsequently,obtained biopsies were histopathologically examined and compared with radiological findings.Results Of the 63 participants,60 were male,and three were female.Categorizing tumors with a VI-RADS score of>3 as muscle invasive,84%were radiologically classified as having an invasive bladder tumor.However,histopathological results indicated invasive bladder tumors in 52%of cases.Sensitivity of the VI-RADS score was 100%;specificity was 23%;the negative predictive value was 100%;and the positive predictive value was 62%.Conclusion The scoring system obtained through mpMRI,VI-RADS,proves to be a successful method,particularly in determining the absence of muscle invasion in bladder cancer.Its efficacy in detecting muscle invasion in bladder tumors could be further enhanced with additional studies,suggesting potential for increased diagnostic efficiency through ongoing research.The VI-RADS could enhance the selection of patients eligible for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
基金The 2022 Educational Teaching Reform and Research Project of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2022C032).
文摘Background:Lenvatinib is primarily utilized for the treatment of inoperable or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma,radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer,and advanced renal cell carcinoma.Primary information about adverse reactions is principally derived from clinical trials;however,there is a notable dearth of substantial real-world studies.Methods:In this research,an examination of the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS)database was performed to evaluate the potential side effects of lenvatinib.The FAERS database revealed a total of 20,290 reported adverse events associated with lenvatinib.Different algorithms for repeated measure analysis were employed to ascertain the significance of these adverse reactions.Results:The study identified 170 instances of adverse events(AEs)induced by lenvatinib,incorporating several significant adverse reactions that the product label does not mention.The investigation also evaluated the onset periods of the adverse reactions,pinpointing a median time of 43 days.The majority of adverse reactions manifested within the initial month of lenvatinib use.Sex-specific analysis revealed disparities in high risk adverse reactions between females(vascular and lymphatic diseases,and neuronal organ diseases)and males(death and infectious diseases).Our data mining has unveiled adverse reactions beyond those mentioned within the instructions,such as osteonecrosis of the jaw,cholecystitis,cholangitis,dehydration,tumor lysis syndrome,type 1 diabetes,hyperammonemia,liver abscess,interstitial lung disease,pneumothorax,sudden death,and aortic dissection.Conclusion:The insights derived from these findings contribute significant nuances for optimizing lenvatinib use,enhancing its efficacy,and substantially mitigating potential side effects.These data elements will substantially enhance the implementation of the drug in a clinical environment.
文摘With globalized world, expectations about business＇ role in the society and the world have increased; rather than just calculating profit and recording it, business has taken a step further. Accordingly, the social responsibility reporting, sustainability reporting, and environmental reporting concepts have emerged. Financial reporting just focuses on a portion of the company＇s status and is unable to show the effects of environmental factors, climate changes on the companies. In addition, sustainability reporting was unable to show financial data which aims to see the risks and opportunities better, improves corporate reputation, and evaluates the performance of the company in accordance with the laws and norms. Investors need to establish a relationship between the financial and non-financial information in order to carry out risk analysis, as a result, the idea of integrated reporting has arised. Many companies have willingly started to prepare integrated reports in various formats and every report has been formed in accordance with the needs of readers and business properties. In addition, integrated reporting principles and guidelines have been published by the International Integrated Reporting Council, in order to provide guidance to report preparers. With the increasing importance and spread of integrated reporting, debates about the benefits and problems encountered in the preparation increased. In this study, the followings are explained： the terms of financial reporting, sustainability reporting, and financial reporting; emergence of these terms; benefits of integrated reporting and problems that may be encountered while preparation; and the relationship between financial reporting and integrated reporting.
文摘BACKGROUND There is still considerable heterogeneity regarding which features of cryptoglandular anal fistula on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and endoanal ultrasound(EAUS)are relevant to surgical decision-making.As a con-sequence,the quality and completeness of the report are highly dependent on the training and experience of the examiners.AIM To develop a structured MRI and EAUS template(SMART)reporting the minimum dataset of information for the treatment of anal fistulas.METHODS This modified Delphi survey based on the RAND-UCLA appropriateness for consensus-building was conducted between May and August 2023.One hundred and fifty-one articles selected from a systematic review of the lite-rature formed the database to generate the evidence-based statements for the Delphi study.Fourteen questions were anonymously voted by an interdisciplinary multidisciplinary group for a maximum of three iterative rounds.The degree of agreement was scored on a numeric 0–10 scale.Group consensus was defined as a score≥8 for≥80%of the panelists.RESULTS Eleven scientific societies(3 radiological and 8 surgical)endorsed the study.After three rounds of voting,the experts(69 colorectal surgeons,23 radiologists,2 anatomists,and 1 gastroenterologist)achieved consensus for 12 of 14 statements(85.7%).Based on the results of the Delphi process,the six following features of anal fistulas were included in the SMART:Primary tract,secondary extension,internal opening,presence of collection,coexisting le-sions,and sphincters morphology.CONCLUSION A structured template,SMART,was developed to standardize imaging reporting of fistula-in-ano in a simple,systematic,time-efficient way,providing the minimum dataset of information and visual diagram useful to refer-ring physicians.
基金Supported by Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation Regional Joint Fund,No.2023JJ50050.
文摘BACKGROUND Collision tumor are neoplasms,including two histologically distinct tumors that coexist in the same mass without histological admixture.The incidence of collision tumor is low and is rare clinically.AIM To investigate ultrasound images and application of ovarian-adnexal reporting and data system(O-RADS)to evaluate the risk and pathological characteristics of ovarian collision tumor.METHODS This study retrospectively analyzed 17 cases of ovarian collision tumor diagnosed pathologically from January 2020 to December 2023.All clinical features,ultrasound images and histopathological features were collected and analyzed.The O-RADS score was used for classification.The O-RADS score was determined by two senior doctors in the gynecological ultrasound group.Lesions with O-RADS score of 1-3 were classified as benign tumors,and lesions with O-RADS score of 4 or 5 were classified as malignant tumors.RESULTS There were 17 collision tumors detected in 16 of 6274 patients who underwent gynecological surgery.The average age of 17 women with ovarian collision tumor was 36.7 years(range 20-68 years),in whom,one occurred bilaterally and the rest occurred unilaterally.The average tumor diameter was 10 cm,of which three were 2-5 cm,11 were 5-10 cm,and three were>10 cm.Five(29.4%)tumors with O-RADS score 3 were endometriotic cysts with fibroma/serous cystadenoma,and unilocular or multilocular cysts contained a small number of parenchymal components.Eleven(64.7%)tumors had an O-RADS score of 4,including two in category 4A,six in category 4B,and three in category 4C;all of which were multilocular cystic tumors with solid components or multiple papillary components.One(5.9%)tumor had an O-RADS score of 5.This case was a solid mass,and a small amount of pelvic effusion was detected under ultrasound.The pathology was high-grade serous cystic cancer combined with cystic mature teratoma.There were nine(52.9%)tumors with elevated serum carbohydrate antigen(CA)125 and two(11.8%)with elevated serum CA19-9.Histological and pathological results showed that epithelial-cell-derived tumors combined with other tumors were the most common,which was different from previous results.CONCLUSION The ultrasound images of ovarian collision tumor have certain specificity,but diagnosis by preoperative ultrasound is difficult.The combination of epithelial and mesenchymal cell tumors is one of the most common types of ovarian collision tumor.The O-RADS score of ovarian collision tumor is mostly≥4,which can sensitively detect malignant tumors.
文摘In this editorial,a commentary on the article by Sudoł-Szopińska et al has been provided.Successful treatment of anal fistula(AF)relies on accurate diagnosis.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and endoanal ultrasound(EUS)are important for the AF diagnosis.Previously,colorectal surgeons found that AF reports in MRI and EUS issued by radiologists were not appropriate for decision-making and management.To address this issue,a new AF reporting template in MRI and EUS has been developed.The new reporting template has several strengths:(1)It was based on the Delphi study of consensus statements,generated by numerous experts,including 69 colorectal surgeons from different countries,disciplines,and centers;and(2)Fourteen evidence-based statements were discussed repeatedly for 12 months and anonymously voted on in 3 rounds,achieving a consensus on 12 of 14 statements(85.7%).The reporting template comprises six features,each detailing several items related to AF classification and management,with illu-strative diagrams of the anatomy.The use of this new reporting template would assist radiologists in reporting in a standardized manner and would be suitable for surgeons in decision-making and management,thereby improving treatment quality and avoiding or reducing complications.
文摘Our study describes the reported rate of the Institutional Review Board(IRB)approval,declaration of Helsinki(DoH),and informed consent in the case reports and case series and investigates factors associated with the ethical approval report.We searched PubMed for case reports and case series from 2006 to 2017.Annually,we obtained the first 20 articles of a case report cluster from 20 distinct publications.This analysis initially contained at least 2400 papers,with 100 papers each study design and year.Only 26(5.4%)of 480 included studies reported IRB approval,DoH approval,and participant informed consent;58(12.1%)reported two out of three ethical statements(DoH,informed consent,IRB);and 151(31.5%)reported only one,leading to nearly 245 studies(51.0%)did not report any ethical approval item.Both clusters mentioned the DoH the least.Only years,ages,ethical item types,and cluster types were associated with ethical reporting practices.This study found the serious under‐reporting of ethical practices in both case reports and case series.
文摘Intellectual capital disclosure （ICD） has experienced a substantial increase in recent decades and many frameworks and guidelines have been issued to provide directions with regard to what constitutes ＂good＂ ICD. Companies can use Extensible Business Reporting Language （XBRL） to ＂build＂ their own intellectual capital （IC） reports. This digital format has both technical and operating characteristics suitable for reporting non-financial information. This paper reports the findings of a survey of the views of 37 Italian preparers on the scope, the taxonomy, and the assurance of IC reporting via XBRL. It was found that respondents favor the adoption of an IC reporting framework and the standardization of IC indicators. Preferences reveal uncertainty about the level of flexibility for tagging IC information, while supporting the main benefits of XBRL and indicating a marked inclination for tagged information certified by an independent audit. Overall, despite a low awareness of XBRL, the importance placed on standardization of IC information and on the usefulness of the comparability and the speed attribute of XBRL supports the appealing features of this language for developing IC reporting.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide,with rising clinical and economic burden as incidence increases.There are a multitude of evolving treatment options,including locoregional therapies which can be used alone,in combination with each other,or in combination with systemic therapy.These treatment options have shown to be effective in achieving remission,controlling tumor progression,improving disease free and overall survival in patients who cannot undergo resection and providing a bridge to transplant by debulking tumor burden to downstage patients.Following locoregional therapy(LRT),it is crucial to provide treatment response assessment to guide management and liver transplant candidacy.Therefore,Liver Imaging Reporting and Data Systems(LI-RADS)Treatment Response Algorithm(TRA)was created to provide a standardized assessment of HCC following LRT.LIRADS TRA provides a step by step approach to evaluate each lesion independently for accurate tumor assessment.In this review,we provide an overview of different locoregional therapies for HCC,describe the expected post treatment imaging appearance following treatment,and review the LI-RADS TRA with guidance for its application in clinical practice.Unique to other publications,we will also review emerging literature supporting the use of LI-RADS for assessment of HCC treatment response after LRT.
文摘There had been no standardized rules for citing ethical Kampo products used in clinical trials in journal articles. Although the name of a Kampo manufacturer was described in 77.9% of research articles, the name and ratios of crude drug components of Kampo formulas were not described in 77.5% of these papers. Considering the importance of proper characterization of interventions in the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials （CONSORT） checklist, we hereby propose the use of the Standards of Reporting Kampo Products （STORK） website, http：//mpdb.nibiohn.go.jp/stork, as a reference for Kampo products. This will provide an official source on the internet for verified information on individual Kampo formulations for citation purposes in clinical research articles.
基金supported by the Chinese Medicine Development Fund,Hong Kong,China(20B2/027A).
文摘Objective:Reporting research is as important a part of a study as its design or analysis.Reporting guidelines(RGs)provide structured advice on how to report research studies clearly and adequately.This study aimed to review the development of RGs of Chinese medicine(CM)and to provide recommen-dations for improvement.Methods:Through a systematic search of the Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research(EQUATOR)Network and electronic databases up to January 1,2022,we identified a total of 15 RGs of CM,and further summarized their characteristics and applications.In addition,we reviewed the development of international RGs and analyzed its impact for CM.Results:Compared with the generic RGs,the reporting standards of CM have been rapidly developed over the last 10 years,of which 57%were issued in recent 3 years(2019-2021).Currently,the system of RGs of CM has been established,especially for clinical trials,including various CM interventions and covering the guidelines from trial registration,protocol,results publication to the evidence synthesis and clinical practice guideline.However,the application of RGs of CM is suboptimal.Conclusion:It is necessary to take further measures to promote practical application,improve journals’endorsement,and establish quality monitoring procedures for RGs of CM in the future.
文摘Purpose: The objective of the study was to design and implement an electronic synoptic report for thyroid sonography that incorporates the thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TIRADS) and assess potential for reducing unnecessary fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) of thyroid nodules. Methods: The electronic synoptic report was developed using a relational database based on elements from TIRADS and a multidisciplinary consensus statement for thyroid reporting. A retrospective analysis of 138 patients with previously reported thyroid sonographic exams was evaluated for the presence of these elements. The electronic synoptic report calculates the TIRADS score and generates a formal report. Using the TIRADS score the potential decrease in unnecessary FNAB was estimated. Results: Key TIRADS elements were variously reported ranging from 43% for the thyroid nodule’s architecture as solid or cystic. Thyroid nodule echogenicity and calcification was commented in 27% and 23%, respectively. Other features of the TIRADS score were commented in 0% to 8% of the official reports. Estimated reduction for potentially reduced need for FNAB was 34.5%. Conclusions: This study is the first implementation of synoptic reporting using a relational database for sonography of thyroid nodules. Implementation of an electronic standardized synoptic reporting system may facilitate more accurate, and more comprehensive reporting for thyroid ultrasound scanning of thyroid nodules. The use of TIRADS was estimated to be able to potentially reduce the need for FNAB which was significant.
文摘Web-based corporate reporting is the provision of financial information through the Internet. Other companies prefer to disclose their financial information in order to satisfy their investors and to attract new ones while others prefer to provide as less information as possible. The purpose of this paper is twofold： first it provides a critical examination of the main reporting criteria followed by the Greek listed companies, in order to point out how many of these companies present these criteria. Second, it considers how the industry sector of the listed companies or their capitalization category is related with their disclosure degree of financial reporting.
文摘The purpose of this study is to examine the use of reporting verbs(RVs)in China-based and Western SSCI indexed English journal articles.Writing samples(N=168)are compared in terms of the frequencies of RVs,selection of high-frequency RVs and the evaluative orientations of RVs.The results suggest that whereas both English academic articles published in China and English academic articles published in English-speaking countries use similar varieties of RVs.Using the resources of appraisal theory,we found that English academic articles published in Chinas use fewer discourse RVs;they tend to use more neutral RVs,providing no overt intersubjective stance on the cited evidence,whereas English academic articles published in English-speaking countries favor more positive RVs to endorse the evidence during the argument.In particular,English academic articles published in China rarely employ negative and critical RVs.Academic writers’preferences of RVs are not only due to their language proficiency,but also due to their discursive tradition and underlying cultural values.They also have to do with the journals’coverage of topics and attitude toward academic debates and original thinking.The comparative findings have implications for English academic articles published in China,especially those based in non-English-speaking countries,when they try to use RVs to develop authorial stance in English:that is,to distinguish the semantic stance of RVs and cultivate cross-language and-culture awareness.
文摘Purpose: To address the under-reporting of research results, with emphasis on the underreporting/distorted reporting of adverse events in the biomedical research literature.Design/methodology/approach: A four-step approach is used:(1) To identify the characteristics of literature that make it adequate to support policy;(2) to show how each of these characteristics becomes degraded to make inadequate literature;(3) to identify incentives to prevent inadequate literature; and(4) to show policy implications of inadequate literature.Findings: This review has provided reasons for, and examples of, adverse health effects of myriad substances(1) being under-reported in the premiere biomedical literature, or(2) entering this literature in distorted form. Since there is no way to gauge the extent of this under/distorted-reporting, the quality and credibility of the ‘premiere’ biomedical literature is unknown. Therefore, any types of meta-analyses or scientometric analyses of this literaturewill have unknown quality and credibility. The most sophisticated scientometric analysis cannot compensate for a highly flawed database.Research limitations: The main limitation is in identifying examples of under-reporting. There are many incentives for under-reporting and few dis-incentives.Practical implications: Almost all research publications, addressing causes of disease, treatments for disease, diagnoses for disease, scientometrics of disease and health issues, and other aspects of healthcare, build upon previous healthcare-related research published. Many researchers will not have laboratories or other capabilities to replicate or validate the published research, and depend almost completely on the integrity of this literature. If the literature is distorted, then future research can be misguided, and health policy recommendations can be ineffective or worse.Originality/value: This review has examined a much wider range of technical and nontechnical causes for under-reporting of adverse events in the biomedical literature than previous studies.
文摘We provide evidence on the effect of the presentation format and information content of Internet financial reporting on the market value of American Depository Receipts and on country-specific variables that drive Internet financial reporting. A two-stage Heckman approach was used to determine if Internet financial reporting adds incremental value to firms beyond the decision to cross-list in the United States. The results indicate that investors more highly value firms that provide information in multiple formats. We also find that country-specific variables affect the information content, but not the presentation format of disclosures on corporate websites. The results uncover a disconnection between what the market values （presentation format） and what the firms believe the market values （information content）. This implies that firms are not entirely aware of investors＇ information wants and that they are not utilizing their resources in the manner that will have the most impact on their market value.
