The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of three different rest intervals on the sustainability of squat and bench press on consecutive sets at 90% with 1RM （1 repetition maximum）-loads. Design and meth...The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of three different rest intervals on the sustainability of squat and bench press on consecutive sets at 90% with 1RM （1 repetition maximum）-loads. Design and methods： Fifteen karate men were chosen to participate in this study （age of 22/3 ± 2/1 years; height 172/6 ± 3/6 cm; weight 67/8 ± 5/2 kg）. All subjects performed 7 sessions of squat ＆ bench press with 48 h intervals. At the first session, IRM was measured. During the rest 6 sessions, athletes performed 4 times squat ＆ bench press with 90% （IRM） at each session, one of three different rest intervals （60, 180, 225 seconds） were used randomly between sets. Number of repetitions performed ＆ repetition sustainability between different rest intervals were recorded. Results with Boneferoni method showed that each three different rest intervals caused decline in repetitions in squat ＆bench press. The repetition decline was significant in the bench press and squat. Repetition sustainability in 225 s in compare to 60 ＆ 180 s was more significant. Repetition sustainability also was higher in 180 s in compare to 60 s. On basis of findings from this study, we can recommend for best performance in bench press ＆ squat, rest intervals of 225 s, to maintain consecutive repetitions.展开更多
Harold Pinter is one of the most influential modern British playwrights.Repetition is a frequent and noticeable phenome-non in his plays.In this paper,different kinds of repetition-the repetition of language,actions,s...Harold Pinter is one of the most influential modern British playwrights.Repetition is a frequent and noticeable phenome-non in his plays.In this paper,different kinds of repetition-the repetition of language,actions,silence and pause-in Pinter's TheDumb Waiter will be discussed to show both Ben and Gus'struggle for power and their useless efforts under the control of an dominant force.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter presents a joint probabilistic scheduling and resource allocation method(PSRA) for 5G-based wireless networked control systems(WNCSs). As a control-aware optimization method, PSRA minimizes the...Dear Editor,This letter presents a joint probabilistic scheduling and resource allocation method(PSRA) for 5G-based wireless networked control systems(WNCSs). As a control-aware optimization method, PSRA minimizes the linear quadratic Gaussian(LQG) control cost of WNCSs by optimizing the activation probability of subsystems, the number of uplink repetitions, and the durations of uplink and downlink phases. Simulation results show that PSRA achieves smaller LQG control costs than existing works.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter presents an improved repetitive controller(IRC) that uses a complex-coefficient filter to enhance the tracking performance of a system for periodic signals. Compared with the low-pass filter us...Dear Editor,This letter presents an improved repetitive controller(IRC) that uses a complex-coefficient filter to enhance the tracking performance of a system for periodic signals. Compared with the low-pass filter used in the conventional repetitive controller(CRC), the complex-coefficient filter causes less change in the phase and amplitude of a signal at the frequencies of the periodic signal, especially at the fundamental frequency, when the two filters have the same cutofffrequency.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease resulting from deficits in synaptic transmission and homeostasis.The Alzheimer’s disease brain tends to be hyperexcitable and hypersynchronized,thereby causing neur...Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease resulting from deficits in synaptic transmission and homeostasis.The Alzheimer’s disease brain tends to be hyperexcitable and hypersynchronized,thereby causing neurodegeneration and ultimately disrupting the operational abilities in daily life,leaving patients incapacitated.Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a cost-effective,neuro-modulatory technique used for multiple neurological conditions.Over the past two decades,it has been widely used to predict cognitive decline;identify pathophysiological markers;promote neuroplasticity;and assess brain excitability,plasticity,and connectivity.It has also been applied to patients with dementia,because it can yield facilitatory effects on cognition and promote brain recovery after a neurological insult.However,its therapeutic effectiveness at the molecular and synaptic levels has not been elucidated because of a limited number of studies.This study aimed to characterize the neurobiological changes following repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment,evaluate its effects on synaptic plasticity,and identify the associated mechanisms.This review essentially focuses on changes in the pathology,amyloidogenesis,and clearance pathways,given that amyloid deposition is a major hypothesis in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease.Apoptotic mechanisms associated with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation procedures and different pathways mediating gene transcription,which are closely related to the neural regeneration process,are also highlighted.Finally,we discuss the outcomes of animal studies in which neuroplasticity is modulated and assessed at the structural and functional levels by using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,with the aim to highlight future directions for better clinical translations.展开更多
Fraction repetition(FR)codes are integral in distributed storage systems(DSS)with exact repair-by-transfer,while pliable fraction repetition codes are vital for DSSs in which both the per-node storage and repetition d...Fraction repetition(FR)codes are integral in distributed storage systems(DSS)with exact repair-by-transfer,while pliable fraction repetition codes are vital for DSSs in which both the per-node storage and repetition degree can easily be adjusted simultaneously.This paper introduces a new type of pliable FR codes,called absolute balanced pliable FR(ABPFR)codes,in which the access balancing in DSS is considered.Additionally,the equivalence between pliable FR codes and resolvable transversal packings in combinatorial design theory is presented.Then constructions of pliable FR codes and ABPFR codes based on resolvable transversal packings are presented.展开更多
Scintillator is a key material for the development of X-ray detectors,which has a promising application in medical imaging,security inspection and industrial non-injury detection.The majority of scintillators currentl...Scintillator is a key material for the development of X-ray detectors,which has a promising application in medical imaging,security inspection and industrial non-injury detection.The majority of scintillators currently used in imaging are real-time imaging scintillators,which can cause ionization radiation damage to biological subjects or detection equipment during the imaging process and require complex,highly sensitive detection systems.Therefore,exploring stable,environmentally friendly scintillator materials that can achieve delayed imaging is of significance in the field of imaging.Herein,we devel-oped an X-ray time-lapse imaging scintillator,Sr_(2)Al_(6)O_(11):Dy^(3+)phosphor,which generates stable traps by X-ray irradiation,thus endowing it with excellent persistent luminescence and information storage properties(>42 d).Moreover,traps constructed by X-ray can be repeatedly refilled(>40 times)under UV light and carriers are released in theform of mechanical or thermal excitation when refilling is complete.By constructing the traps in the phosphor during X-ray excitation and using it for repetitive imaging,the detection limit is 74.78 nGy/s,and the spatial imaging resolution is as high as 16 lp/mm.This discovery providesa new idea for the development oftime-delayed X-ray scintillator.展开更多
BACKGROUND Adolescent depression manifests through diverse,interconnected symptoms,yet the clinical profile in patients treated with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)remains inadequately characterized...BACKGROUND Adolescent depression manifests through diverse,interconnected symptoms,yet the clinical profile in patients treated with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)remains inadequately characterized.While rTMS shows therapeutic potential,its efficacy may be overestimated due to limited research and symptom heterogeneity.Identifying key symptom clusters and evaluating their predictive value for treatment response is crucial for optimizing rTMS outcomes in this population.AIM To identify adolescent depression symptom clusters and assess their differential responses to rTMS treatment.METHODS One hundred adolescent patients with first-episode major depressive disorder were randomized into control and study groups.Both groups received sertraline treatment,while the study group additionally underwent 10 sessions of adjunctive rTMS.Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD-17)at baseline,week 2,and week 4.RESULTS Hierarchical clustering revealed four distinct symptom clusters:Subjective mood,impaired activity,somatic concerns,and anxiety/insomnia.The main effect of treatment visit showed significant decreases in symptom severity across all clusters.In the study group,the effect size between baseline and week 4 was largest for the subjective mood cluster(Cohen’s d=2.41)and smallest for somatic concerns(Cohen’s d=0.59).In the control group,the largest effect size was observed in the anxiety/insomnia cluster(Cohen’s d=1.20),with the smallest effect in impaired activity(Cohen’s d=0.47).CONCLUSION This study identified four distinct symptom clusters with differential responses to rTMS treatment.The findings demonstrate that rTMS shows greatest efficacy for improving subjective mood symptoms,guiding targeted therapeutic approaches.展开更多
By combining a concave-convex multi-pass cavity with solid-state nonlinear media for spectral broadening and a post-compression grating setup,we generated femtosecond pulses with high peak power density.Compared to th...By combining a concave-convex multi-pass cavity with solid-state nonlinear media for spectral broadening and a post-compression grating setup,we generated femtosecond pulses with high peak power density.Compared to the other traditional pulse compression technologies,the configuration is very compact with large tolerance for beam direction and spot size.The pulses with an average power of 80 W,a pulse width of 10.7 ps,and a repetition rate of 500 kHz are compressed to 842 fs with the configuration,and the compressed pulse duration approaches the Fourier transform limited pulse duration of 707 fs.展开更多
BACKGROUND Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)entered clinical practice in China after 2000,first used in psychiatric surgery,and then in neurology and other disciplines.The First Hospital of Jiaxing in...BACKGROUND Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)entered clinical practice in China after 2000,first used in psychiatric surgery,and then in neurology and other disciplines.The First Hospital of Jiaxing introduced TMS in 2015.In practical applications,it has been found that different models of instruments and technical parameters can lead to differences in therapeutic efficacy.Therefore,our hospital selected the Danish TMS instrument,which ranks second in China,to test patients with schizophrenia from March 2021 to July 2021,with a focus on comparing the results at 5 Hz,10 Hz,and 15 Hz.The testing time is concentrated between 8:30 to 10:30 in the morning.A contingency plan was made for the quality after inspection before testing.Two evaluators independently control the quality of the contingency plan.The data is independently saved and proofread by two evaluators.The purpose of this study is to translate the research results into clinical practice and provide reference basis.AIM To investigate the effects of rehabilitation therapy using rTMS on the negative symptoms and event-related potential component of P300 in chronic schizophrenia.METHODS One hundred and five patients with chronic schizophrenia were randomly allocated to three groups based on the frequency of rTMS(5,10,or 15 Hz).The patients underwent five sessions of rTMS per week for 5 weeks.We compared the pre-and post-treatment P300 latency and scores for the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms(SANS).RESULTS A significant decrease in SANS score after rTMS was observed in the 10-Hz group(P<0.05),which was not observed in the 5-Hz and 15-Hz groups.There was a significant increase in P300 amplitude in the 10-Hz group after rTMS treatment(P<0.05),but there was no significant change in P300 latency(P>0.05).The improvement of SANS score in the 10-Hz rTMS group was related to patient age and disease course.CONCLUSION rTMS at 10 Hz improved negative symptoms and cognitive function in chronic schizophrenia;however,further studies on the mechanism of action are required to validate our observations.展开更多
[Objectives]To evaluate the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)on neurophysiological outcomes in patients with acute stroke.[Methods]A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed...[Objectives]To evaluate the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)on neurophysiological outcomes in patients with acute stroke.[Methods]A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL),and CINAHL databases up to March 1,2025.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and clinical controlled trials(CCTs)involving adult patients(≥18 years)with acute ischemic stroke(within 2 weeks of onset)who received rTMS intervention were included.Data on motor evoked potential(MEP)amplitude,resting motor threshold(RMT),and central motor conduction time(CMCT)were extracted.The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.Statistical analyses were performed using Stata 18.0,with standardized mean differences(SMDs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)calculated.Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I^(2)statistic.[Results]Eight studies involving 932 identified records met the inclusion criteria.Meta-analysis revealed that rTMS significantly increased MEP amplitude(Hedges'g=0.77,95%CI:0.52-1.02,P<0.01)and reduced RMT(Hedges g=-1.13,95%CI:-1.63 to-0.62,P<0.01)in the lesioned hemisphere,indicating enhanced corticospinal excitability.No significant effects were observed on MEP amplitude or RMT in the unaffected hemisphere.Additionally,rTMS did not significantly alter CMCT in either hemisphere.Heterogeneity was low to moderate for most outcomes,and no significant publication bias was detected.[Conclusions]rTMS is a safe and effective intervention for improving corticospinal excitability and motor recovery in patients with acute stroke.Both high-frequency stimulation of the ipsilesional hemisphere and low-frequency stimulation of the contralesional hemisphere have demonstrated beneficial effects,supporting the interhemispheric inhibition model.Future large-scale,multi-center RCTs are needed to optimize rTMS parameters and establish standardized treatment protocols for acute stroke rehabilitation.展开更多
High-average-power strong-field terahertz(THz)pulses,which are generated via the optical rectification of 100-W average-power ytterbium(Yb)lasers in a nonlinear crystal,have been used to study extreme physical phenome...High-average-power strong-field terahertz(THz)pulses,which are generated via the optical rectification of 100-W average-power ytterbium(Yb)lasers in a nonlinear crystal,have been used to study extreme physical phenomena and realize various applications.However,this THz generation method suffers from a trade-off in which high repetition rates lead to low optical-to-THz energy conversion efficiency,as well as the risk of damage to the crystals under high average pumping power.In this study,we demonstrate a high-averagepower,high-repetition-rate,strong-field THz source in lithium niobate driven by a 1030 nm,1 ps,2 mJ,100 kHz Yb femtosecond laser with a tilted-pulse front-pumping configuration.By characterizing two key experimental parameters,namely the pump spot size and pulse duration,we achieve,to the best of our knowledge,the highest THz average power of 104mW at 100 kHz,with a conversion efficiency of 0.1%and without any cooling operation at room temperature.In addition,a strong electric field of 421 kV/cm is achieved at 1 kHz.Our THz system directly demonstrates its potential capabilities in high-signal-to-noise spectroscopy,imaging,nondestructive testing,and relevant THz applications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is a high-risk precursor to Alzheimer’s disease characterized by declining memory or other progressive cognitive functions without compromising daily living abilities.AIM To i...BACKGROUND Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is a high-risk precursor to Alzheimer’s disease characterized by declining memory or other progressive cognitive functions without compromising daily living abilities.AIM To investigate the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)in patients with MCI.METHODS This retrospective analysis involved 180 patients with MCI who were admitted to The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 2021 to June 2023.Participants were allocated into the research(n=98,receiving rTMS)and control groups(n=82,receiving sham stimulation).Memory tests,cognitive function assessments,event-related potential–P300 tests,and electroencephalogram(EEG)examinations were conducted pre-treatment and post-treatment.Further,memory quotient(MQ),cognitive function scores,and EEG grading results were compared,along with adverse reaction incidences.RESULTS Pre-treatment MQ scores,long-term and short-term memory,as well as immediate memory scores,demonstrated no notable differences between the groups.Post-treatment,the research group exhibited significant increases in MQ scores,long-term memory,and short-term memory compared to baseline(P<0.05),with these improvements being statistically superior to those in the control group.However,immediate memory scores exhibited no significant change(P>0.05).Further,the research group demonstrated statistically better post-treatment scores on the Revised Wechsler Memory Scale than the control group.Furthermore,post-treatment P300 latency and amplitude improved significantly in the research group,surpassing the control group.EEG grading in the research group improved,and the incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower than in the control group.CONCLUSION Patients with MCI receiving rTMS therapy demonstrated improved memory and cognitive functions and EEG grading and exhibited high safety with fewer adverse reactions.展开更多
Eucalyptus urophylla×E.grandis is a major hybrid species of timber plantations.However,our under-standing of Eucalyptus mitochondrial genome,especially within the Myrtaceae family,is limited.In this study,we empl...Eucalyptus urophylla×E.grandis is a major hybrid species of timber plantations.However,our under-standing of Eucalyptus mitochondrial genome,especially within the Myrtaceae family,is limited.In this study,we employed hybrid sequencing combining the Illumina and Oxford Nanopore sequencing to assemble and annotate the mitogenome(mtDNA)of E.urophylla×E.grandis.Our results reveal a structure characterized by one circular mol-ecule,with a cumulative length of 483,907 base pairs(bp)and a GC content of 44.96%.The circular molecule collec-tively harbored 59 annotated genes.Among these,38 were unique protein-coding genes(PCGs),accompanied by 18 transfer RNA(tRNA)genes and 3 ribosomal RNA(rRNA)genes.Our study also examined repetitive sequences,RNA editing sites,and intracellular sequence transfers within the mtDNA.Furthermore,we conducted a phylogenetic analy-sis between E.urophylla×E.grandis and 30 closely related species based on genetic affinities.The outcomes furnish a high-quality organelle genome for E.urophylla×E.grandis,thereby explaining basic insights into organelle genome evo-lution and phylogenetic relationships.展开更多
One of the core challenges faced by children with autism is repetitive motor behavior,which not only undermines their learning efficiency in the classroom but also makes it difficult for them to integrate smoothly int...One of the core challenges faced by children with autism is repetitive motor behavior,which not only undermines their learning efficiency in the classroom but also makes it difficult for them to integrate smoothly into inclusive educational settings,thereby hindering their social adaptation and overall development.This study adopted a single-case design focusing on a first-grade student with autism enrolled in a mainstream class at Xiangxue Primary School,Huangpu District,Guangzhou.Functional behavior assessment was conducted to systematically observe and analyze the student’s repetitive motor behaviors in class,on the basis of which an intervention plan was developed and implemented.The intervention incorporated antecedent control,replacement behavior training,and consequence management,supplemented by collaboration between school and family.The findings indicated that the frequency of repetitive motor behaviors decreased significantly after the intervention,while the student demonstrated improved classroom participation and peer interaction;these positive effects were maintained during the follow-up phase.The study suggests that in inclusive education settings,interventions guided by functional behavior assessment can effectively reduce problem behaviors in children with autism and enhance their classroom engagement and learning adaptability.展开更多
We report on a Kerr-lens mode-locked(KLM)femtosecond Yb:CaYAlO_(4)(Yb:CYA)laser operating at a repetition rate of 1.04 GHz,pumped by a single-mode fiber laser.The laser delivers an average output power of 1.37 W with ...We report on a Kerr-lens mode-locked(KLM)femtosecond Yb:CaYAlO_(4)(Yb:CYA)laser operating at a repetition rate of 1.04 GHz,pumped by a single-mode fiber laser.The laser delivers an average output power of 1.37 W with a pulse duration of 109 fs.Potential improvements,including scaling the pump power,increasing the repetition rate,and further reducing the pulse duration,are discussed.This study contributes to the advancement of Watt-level GHz femtosecond laser generation and its applications.展开更多
A control strategy of repetitive control without inductorance decoupling was proposed to address the problem of high total harmonic distortion(THD)rate of the network-side current caused by the reduced stability of th...A control strategy of repetitive control without inductorance decoupling was proposed to address the problem of high total harmonic distortion(THD)rate of the network-side current caused by the reduced stability of the rectifier module of the DC charging pile under weak grid as well as the dead zone and nonlinearity of switching devices during charging.Firstly,the parallel repetitive control was constructed in the inner current loop,and the proportional-integral(PI)+repetitive controller based on parallel structure was designed.For system compensation,a second-order low-pass filter was selected to correct the system,and the network-side current harmonics were actively suppressed without increasing the filtering device,which effectively improves the quality of grid-connected current.Secondly,based on the synthetic vector method,the controller parameters were designed to realize the elimination of main pole by establishing two synchronous rotation coordinate system vector differential equations,so as to realize the inductanceless decoupling to cope with the influence of network-side inductance fluctuation on the stability of the control system under weak grid.By theoretical analysis and simulation,the proposed control strategy was embedded into the self-developed digital signal processor for the rectifier module of DC charging pile,simulated dynamic and steady-state operation experiments were conducted,and comparative analysis was performed to prove the feasibility of the proposed control strategy.展开更多
Mild cognitive impairment(MCI),which is a high-risk transitional phase leading to Alzheimer’s disease,is characterized by mild memory deficits and specific cognitive dysfunctions.Without effective intervention,a sign...Mild cognitive impairment(MCI),which is a high-risk transitional phase leading to Alzheimer’s disease,is characterized by mild memory deficits and specific cognitive dysfunctions.Without effective intervention,a significant proportion of patients with MCI progress to dementia.However,current pharmacological treatments are characterized by side effects and poor patient compliance.Therefore,it is necessary to develop effective,noninvasive alternative treatments.Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)is becoming a widely studied noninvasive treatment for central nervous system disease.The therapeutic effects of rTMS on patients with MCI and its underlying mechanism are noteworthy issues.Recently,a growing number of studies have shown that meningeal lymphatic vessel damage may be related to cognitive dysfunction.Whether the improvement of the meningeal lymphatic system is an important mechanism through which rTMS improves the clinical manifestations of MCI is worthy of further study.展开更多
Phantom limb pain(PLP),a common sequela of amputation,affects up to 86%of amputees and significantly impairs quality of life.PLP is thought to stem from complex central and peripheral nervous system plasticity.Current...Phantom limb pain(PLP),a common sequela of amputation,affects up to 86%of amputees and significantly impairs quality of life.PLP is thought to stem from complex central and peripheral nervous system plasticity.Current treatments,including pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches,have limited efficacy.Recently,extended reality technologies have emerged as promising tools for PLP management,leveraging immersive sensory input to modulate cortical reorganization.Of note,emerging neural modulation techniques also offer promising alternatives,including peripheral nerve stimulation,repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation.These approaches demonstrate clinical efficacy in relieving pain,improving functional outcomes and reducing opioid usage.Future research could prioritize large-scale trials to validate the efficacy of nerve stimulation techniques and explore their integration with extended reality technologies for PLP.展开更多
文摘The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of three different rest intervals on the sustainability of squat and bench press on consecutive sets at 90% with 1RM （1 repetition maximum）-loads. Design and methods： Fifteen karate men were chosen to participate in this study （age of 22/3 ± 2/1 years; height 172/6 ± 3/6 cm; weight 67/8 ± 5/2 kg）. All subjects performed 7 sessions of squat ＆ bench press with 48 h intervals. At the first session, IRM was measured. During the rest 6 sessions, athletes performed 4 times squat ＆ bench press with 90% （IRM） at each session, one of three different rest intervals （60, 180, 225 seconds） were used randomly between sets. Number of repetitions performed ＆ repetition sustainability between different rest intervals were recorded. Results with Boneferoni method showed that each three different rest intervals caused decline in repetitions in squat ＆bench press. The repetition decline was significant in the bench press and squat. Repetition sustainability in 225 s in compare to 60 ＆ 180 s was more significant. Repetition sustainability also was higher in 180 s in compare to 60 s. On basis of findings from this study, we can recommend for best performance in bench press ＆ squat, rest intervals of 225 s, to maintain consecutive repetitions.
文摘Harold Pinter is one of the most influential modern British playwrights.Repetition is a frequent and noticeable phenome-non in his plays.In this paper,different kinds of repetition-the repetition of language,actions,silence and pause-in Pinter's TheDumb Waiter will be discussed to show both Ben and Gus'struggle for power and their useless efforts under the control of an dominant force.
基金supported by the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC2203148)
文摘Dear Editor,This letter presents a joint probabilistic scheduling and resource allocation method(PSRA) for 5G-based wireless networked control systems(WNCSs). As a control-aware optimization method, PSRA minimizes the linear quadratic Gaussian(LQG) control cost of WNCSs by optimizing the activation probability of subsystems, the number of uplink repetitions, and the durations of uplink and downlink phases. Simulation results show that PSRA achieves smaller LQG control costs than existing works.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61873348,6230 3266,62273200)JSPS(Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) KAKENHI(22H03998,23K25252)
文摘Dear Editor,This letter presents an improved repetitive controller(IRC) that uses a complex-coefficient filter to enhance the tracking performance of a system for periodic signals. Compared with the low-pass filter used in the conventional repetitive controller(CRC), the complex-coefficient filter causes less change in the phase and amplitude of a signal at the frequencies of the periodic signal, especially at the fundamental frequency, when the two filters have the same cutofffrequency.
基金supported by the Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center Hefei Brain Project(to KW)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.31970979(to KW),82101498(to XW)the STI2030-Major Projects,No.2021ZD0201800(to PH).
文摘Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease resulting from deficits in synaptic transmission and homeostasis.The Alzheimer’s disease brain tends to be hyperexcitable and hypersynchronized,thereby causing neurodegeneration and ultimately disrupting the operational abilities in daily life,leaving patients incapacitated.Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a cost-effective,neuro-modulatory technique used for multiple neurological conditions.Over the past two decades,it has been widely used to predict cognitive decline;identify pathophysiological markers;promote neuroplasticity;and assess brain excitability,plasticity,and connectivity.It has also been applied to patients with dementia,because it can yield facilitatory effects on cognition and promote brain recovery after a neurological insult.However,its therapeutic effectiveness at the molecular and synaptic levels has not been elucidated because of a limited number of studies.This study aimed to characterize the neurobiological changes following repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment,evaluate its effects on synaptic plasticity,and identify the associated mechanisms.This review essentially focuses on changes in the pathology,amyloidogenesis,and clearance pathways,given that amyloid deposition is a major hypothesis in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease.Apoptotic mechanisms associated with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation procedures and different pathways mediating gene transcription,which are closely related to the neural regeneration process,are also highlighted.Finally,we discuss the outcomes of animal studies in which neuroplasticity is modulated and assessed at the structural and functional levels by using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,with the aim to highlight future directions for better clinical translations.
基金Supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFA0712300)NSFC(No.61872353)。
文摘Fraction repetition(FR)codes are integral in distributed storage systems(DSS)with exact repair-by-transfer,while pliable fraction repetition codes are vital for DSSs in which both the per-node storage and repetition degree can easily be adjusted simultaneously.This paper introduces a new type of pliable FR codes,called absolute balanced pliable FR(ABPFR)codes,in which the access balancing in DSS is considered.Additionally,the equivalence between pliable FR codes and resolvable transversal packings in combinatorial design theory is presented.Then constructions of pliable FR codes and ABPFR codes based on resolvable transversal packings are presented.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12364044)Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects(202202AG050004,202202AG050016,202302AQ370003)+1 种基金the International Joint Innovation Platform of Yunnan Province(202203AP140004)the Outstanding Youth Project of Yunnan Province Applied Basic Research Project(202401AV070012).
文摘Scintillator is a key material for the development of X-ray detectors,which has a promising application in medical imaging,security inspection and industrial non-injury detection.The majority of scintillators currently used in imaging are real-time imaging scintillators,which can cause ionization radiation damage to biological subjects or detection equipment during the imaging process and require complex,highly sensitive detection systems.Therefore,exploring stable,environmentally friendly scintillator materials that can achieve delayed imaging is of significance in the field of imaging.Herein,we devel-oped an X-ray time-lapse imaging scintillator,Sr_(2)Al_(6)O_(11):Dy^(3+)phosphor,which generates stable traps by X-ray irradiation,thus endowing it with excellent persistent luminescence and information storage properties(>42 d).Moreover,traps constructed by X-ray can be repeatedly refilled(>40 times)under UV light and carriers are released in theform of mechanical or thermal excitation when refilling is complete.By constructing the traps in the phosphor during X-ray excitation and using it for repetitive imaging,the detection limit is 74.78 nGy/s,and the spatial imaging resolution is as high as 16 lp/mm.This discovery providesa new idea for the development oftime-delayed X-ray scintillator.
基金Supported by the Hangzhou Medical and Health Science and Technology General Project,No.A20240472 and No.A20210156the Plan Projects of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Science and Technology,No.2025C01103the Major projects of Hangzhou Municipal Health Commission,No.Z20250275.
文摘BACKGROUND Adolescent depression manifests through diverse,interconnected symptoms,yet the clinical profile in patients treated with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)remains inadequately characterized.While rTMS shows therapeutic potential,its efficacy may be overestimated due to limited research and symptom heterogeneity.Identifying key symptom clusters and evaluating their predictive value for treatment response is crucial for optimizing rTMS outcomes in this population.AIM To identify adolescent depression symptom clusters and assess their differential responses to rTMS treatment.METHODS One hundred adolescent patients with first-episode major depressive disorder were randomized into control and study groups.Both groups received sertraline treatment,while the study group additionally underwent 10 sessions of adjunctive rTMS.Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD-17)at baseline,week 2,and week 4.RESULTS Hierarchical clustering revealed four distinct symptom clusters:Subjective mood,impaired activity,somatic concerns,and anxiety/insomnia.The main effect of treatment visit showed significant decreases in symptom severity across all clusters.In the study group,the effect size between baseline and week 4 was largest for the subjective mood cluster(Cohen’s d=2.41)and smallest for somatic concerns(Cohen’s d=0.59).In the control group,the largest effect size was observed in the anxiety/insomnia cluster(Cohen’s d=1.20),with the smallest effect in impaired activity(Cohen’s d=0.47).CONCLUSION This study identified four distinct symptom clusters with differential responses to rTMS treatment.The findings demonstrate that rTMS shows greatest efficacy for improving subjective mood symptoms,guiding targeted therapeutic approaches.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1604200 and 2022YFB4601101)the Beijing Municipal Commission of Science and Technology(Grant No.Z231100006623006)+1 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.JQ21019)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12034020,11975001,12075034,and 12261131495)。
文摘By combining a concave-convex multi-pass cavity with solid-state nonlinear media for spectral broadening and a post-compression grating setup,we generated femtosecond pulses with high peak power density.Compared to the other traditional pulse compression technologies,the configuration is very compact with large tolerance for beam direction and spot size.The pulses with an average power of 80 W,a pulse width of 10.7 ps,and a repetition rate of 500 kHz are compressed to 842 fs with the configuration,and the compressed pulse duration approaches the Fourier transform limited pulse duration of 707 fs.
基金Supported by Key Discipline Construction Project of Neurology of Jiaxing City in Zhejiang Province of China,No.2023-ZC-006.
文摘BACKGROUND Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)entered clinical practice in China after 2000,first used in psychiatric surgery,and then in neurology and other disciplines.The First Hospital of Jiaxing introduced TMS in 2015.In practical applications,it has been found that different models of instruments and technical parameters can lead to differences in therapeutic efficacy.Therefore,our hospital selected the Danish TMS instrument,which ranks second in China,to test patients with schizophrenia from March 2021 to July 2021,with a focus on comparing the results at 5 Hz,10 Hz,and 15 Hz.The testing time is concentrated between 8:30 to 10:30 in the morning.A contingency plan was made for the quality after inspection before testing.Two evaluators independently control the quality of the contingency plan.The data is independently saved and proofread by two evaluators.The purpose of this study is to translate the research results into clinical practice and provide reference basis.AIM To investigate the effects of rehabilitation therapy using rTMS on the negative symptoms and event-related potential component of P300 in chronic schizophrenia.METHODS One hundred and five patients with chronic schizophrenia were randomly allocated to three groups based on the frequency of rTMS(5,10,or 15 Hz).The patients underwent five sessions of rTMS per week for 5 weeks.We compared the pre-and post-treatment P300 latency and scores for the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms(SANS).RESULTS A significant decrease in SANS score after rTMS was observed in the 10-Hz group(P<0.05),which was not observed in the 5-Hz and 15-Hz groups.There was a significant increase in P300 amplitude in the 10-Hz group after rTMS treatment(P<0.05),but there was no significant change in P300 latency(P>0.05).The improvement of SANS score in the 10-Hz rTMS group was related to patient age and disease course.CONCLUSION rTMS at 10 Hz improved negative symptoms and cognitive function in chronic schizophrenia;however,further studies on the mechanism of action are required to validate our observations.
文摘[Objectives]To evaluate the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)on neurophysiological outcomes in patients with acute stroke.[Methods]A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL),and CINAHL databases up to March 1,2025.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and clinical controlled trials(CCTs)involving adult patients(≥18 years)with acute ischemic stroke(within 2 weeks of onset)who received rTMS intervention were included.Data on motor evoked potential(MEP)amplitude,resting motor threshold(RMT),and central motor conduction time(CMCT)were extracted.The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.Statistical analyses were performed using Stata 18.0,with standardized mean differences(SMDs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)calculated.Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I^(2)statistic.[Results]Eight studies involving 932 identified records met the inclusion criteria.Meta-analysis revealed that rTMS significantly increased MEP amplitude(Hedges'g=0.77,95%CI:0.52-1.02,P<0.01)and reduced RMT(Hedges g=-1.13,95%CI:-1.63 to-0.62,P<0.01)in the lesioned hemisphere,indicating enhanced corticospinal excitability.No significant effects were observed on MEP amplitude or RMT in the unaffected hemisphere.Additionally,rTMS did not significantly alter CMCT in either hemisphere.Heterogeneity was low to moderate for most outcomes,and no significant publication bias was detected.[Conclusions]rTMS is a safe and effective intervention for improving corticospinal excitability and motor recovery in patients with acute stroke.Both high-frequency stimulation of the ipsilesional hemisphere and low-frequency stimulation of the contralesional hemisphere have demonstrated beneficial effects,supporting the interhemispheric inhibition model.Future large-scale,multi-center RCTs are needed to optimize rTMS parameters and establish standardized treatment protocols for acute stroke rehabilitation.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Innovation Capability Support Project for Young Faculty(Grant No.ZYGXQNJSKYCXNLZCXM-I3)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1604402)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U23A6002 and 92250307)the Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission,Administrative Commission of Zhongguancun Science Park(Grant No.Z251100006925005)。
文摘High-average-power strong-field terahertz(THz)pulses,which are generated via the optical rectification of 100-W average-power ytterbium(Yb)lasers in a nonlinear crystal,have been used to study extreme physical phenomena and realize various applications.However,this THz generation method suffers from a trade-off in which high repetition rates lead to low optical-to-THz energy conversion efficiency,as well as the risk of damage to the crystals under high average pumping power.In this study,we demonstrate a high-averagepower,high-repetition-rate,strong-field THz source in lithium niobate driven by a 1030 nm,1 ps,2 mJ,100 kHz Yb femtosecond laser with a tilted-pulse front-pumping configuration.By characterizing two key experimental parameters,namely the pump spot size and pulse duration,we achieve,to the best of our knowledge,the highest THz average power of 104mW at 100 kHz,with a conversion efficiency of 0.1%and without any cooling operation at room temperature.In addition,a strong electric field of 421 kV/cm is achieved at 1 kHz.Our THz system directly demonstrates its potential capabilities in high-signal-to-noise spectroscopy,imaging,nondestructive testing,and relevant THz applications.
文摘BACKGROUND Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is a high-risk precursor to Alzheimer’s disease characterized by declining memory or other progressive cognitive functions without compromising daily living abilities.AIM To investigate the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)in patients with MCI.METHODS This retrospective analysis involved 180 patients with MCI who were admitted to The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 2021 to June 2023.Participants were allocated into the research(n=98,receiving rTMS)and control groups(n=82,receiving sham stimulation).Memory tests,cognitive function assessments,event-related potential–P300 tests,and electroencephalogram(EEG)examinations were conducted pre-treatment and post-treatment.Further,memory quotient(MQ),cognitive function scores,and EEG grading results were compared,along with adverse reaction incidences.RESULTS Pre-treatment MQ scores,long-term and short-term memory,as well as immediate memory scores,demonstrated no notable differences between the groups.Post-treatment,the research group exhibited significant increases in MQ scores,long-term memory,and short-term memory compared to baseline(P<0.05),with these improvements being statistically superior to those in the control group.However,immediate memory scores exhibited no significant change(P>0.05).Further,the research group demonstrated statistically better post-treatment scores on the Revised Wechsler Memory Scale than the control group.Furthermore,post-treatment P300 latency and amplitude improved significantly in the research group,surpassing the control group.EEG grading in the research group improved,and the incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower than in the control group.CONCLUSION Patients with MCI receiving rTMS therapy demonstrated improved memory and cognitive functions and EEG grading and exhibited high safety with fewer adverse reactions.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2021ZY62)the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(31901337)the 5·5 Engineering Research&Innovation Team Project of Beijing Forestry University(BLRC2023C06).
文摘Eucalyptus urophylla×E.grandis is a major hybrid species of timber plantations.However,our under-standing of Eucalyptus mitochondrial genome,especially within the Myrtaceae family,is limited.In this study,we employed hybrid sequencing combining the Illumina and Oxford Nanopore sequencing to assemble and annotate the mitogenome(mtDNA)of E.urophylla×E.grandis.Our results reveal a structure characterized by one circular mol-ecule,with a cumulative length of 483,907 base pairs(bp)and a GC content of 44.96%.The circular molecule collec-tively harbored 59 annotated genes.Among these,38 were unique protein-coding genes(PCGs),accompanied by 18 transfer RNA(tRNA)genes and 3 ribosomal RNA(rRNA)genes.Our study also examined repetitive sequences,RNA editing sites,and intracellular sequence transfers within the mtDNA.Furthermore,we conducted a phylogenetic analy-sis between E.urophylla×E.grandis and 30 closely related species based on genetic affinities.The outcomes furnish a high-quality organelle genome for E.urophylla×E.grandis,thereby explaining basic insights into organelle genome evo-lution and phylogenetic relationships.
文摘One of the core challenges faced by children with autism is repetitive motor behavior,which not only undermines their learning efficiency in the classroom but also makes it difficult for them to integrate smoothly into inclusive educational settings,thereby hindering their social adaptation and overall development.This study adopted a single-case design focusing on a first-grade student with autism enrolled in a mainstream class at Xiangxue Primary School,Huangpu District,Guangzhou.Functional behavior assessment was conducted to systematically observe and analyze the student’s repetitive motor behaviors in class,on the basis of which an intervention plan was developed and implemented.The intervention incorporated antecedent control,replacement behavior training,and consequence management,supplemented by collaboration between school and family.The findings indicated that the frequency of repetitive motor behaviors decreased significantly after the intervention,while the student demonstrated improved classroom participation and peer interaction;these positive effects were maintained during the follow-up phase.The study suggests that in inclusive education settings,interventions guided by functional behavior assessment can effectively reduce problem behaviors in children with autism and enhance their classroom engagement and learning adaptability.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB4600158)。
文摘We report on a Kerr-lens mode-locked(KLM)femtosecond Yb:CaYAlO_(4)(Yb:CYA)laser operating at a repetition rate of 1.04 GHz,pumped by a single-mode fiber laser.The laser delivers an average output power of 1.37 W with a pulse duration of 109 fs.Potential improvements,including scaling the pump power,increasing the repetition rate,and further reducing the pulse duration,are discussed.This study contributes to the advancement of Watt-level GHz femtosecond laser generation and its applications.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61903291)Shaanxi Province Key R&D Program(No.2022GY-134)。
文摘A control strategy of repetitive control without inductorance decoupling was proposed to address the problem of high total harmonic distortion(THD)rate of the network-side current caused by the reduced stability of the rectifier module of the DC charging pile under weak grid as well as the dead zone and nonlinearity of switching devices during charging.Firstly,the parallel repetitive control was constructed in the inner current loop,and the proportional-integral(PI)+repetitive controller based on parallel structure was designed.For system compensation,a second-order low-pass filter was selected to correct the system,and the network-side current harmonics were actively suppressed without increasing the filtering device,which effectively improves the quality of grid-connected current.Secondly,based on the synthetic vector method,the controller parameters were designed to realize the elimination of main pole by establishing two synchronous rotation coordinate system vector differential equations,so as to realize the inductanceless decoupling to cope with the influence of network-side inductance fluctuation on the stability of the control system under weak grid.By theoretical analysis and simulation,the proposed control strategy was embedded into the self-developed digital signal processor for the rectifier module of DC charging pile,simulated dynamic and steady-state operation experiments were conducted,and comparative analysis was performed to prove the feasibility of the proposed control strategy.
基金Supported by the Heilongjiang Provincial Health Commission Scientific Research Project,No.20230404040027the Scientific Technology Project of Qiqihar City,No.CSFGG-2025030.
文摘Mild cognitive impairment(MCI),which is a high-risk transitional phase leading to Alzheimer’s disease,is characterized by mild memory deficits and specific cognitive dysfunctions.Without effective intervention,a significant proportion of patients with MCI progress to dementia.However,current pharmacological treatments are characterized by side effects and poor patient compliance.Therefore,it is necessary to develop effective,noninvasive alternative treatments.Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)is becoming a widely studied noninvasive treatment for central nervous system disease.The therapeutic effects of rTMS on patients with MCI and its underlying mechanism are noteworthy issues.Recently,a growing number of studies have shown that meningeal lymphatic vessel damage may be related to cognitive dysfunction.Whether the improvement of the meningeal lymphatic system is an important mechanism through which rTMS improves the clinical manifestations of MCI is worthy of further study.
基金Supported by the Project of Science and Technology of Xuzhou,No.KC23185.
文摘Phantom limb pain(PLP),a common sequela of amputation,affects up to 86%of amputees and significantly impairs quality of life.PLP is thought to stem from complex central and peripheral nervous system plasticity.Current treatments,including pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches,have limited efficacy.Recently,extended reality technologies have emerged as promising tools for PLP management,leveraging immersive sensory input to modulate cortical reorganization.Of note,emerging neural modulation techniques also offer promising alternatives,including peripheral nerve stimulation,repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation.These approaches demonstrate clinical efficacy in relieving pain,improving functional outcomes and reducing opioid usage.Future research could prioritize large-scale trials to validate the efficacy of nerve stimulation techniques and explore their integration with extended reality technologies for PLP.
