British Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s China visit has yielded a new commitment to a long-term stable comprehensive strategic partnership,with significant breakthroughs in financial cooperation including a newly estab...British Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s China visit has yielded a new commitment to a long-term stable comprehensive strategic partnership,with significant breakthroughs in financial cooperation including a newly established financial working group.THE four-day visit of British Prime Minister Keir Starmer to China-the first by a U.K.Prime Minister in eight years-has marked a significant step toward stabilizing and deepening bilateral relations.展开更多
Renewing warranty can provide customers with better service,and thus help manufacturers to gain market opportunities.In engineering practice,the cost for replacement is usually higher than the cost for maintenance,hen...Renewing warranty can provide customers with better service,and thus help manufacturers to gain market opportunities.In engineering practice,the cost for replacement is usually higher than the cost for maintenance,hence manufacturers often face huge challenge to reduce the warranty service cost.With consideration of the warranty deadline,we propose a two-stage optimization model for renewing warranty.In the first stage,a renewing warranty with deadline(RWD)policy is implemented,where the deadline represents the cumulative uptime threshold.When the cumulative uptime exceeds the deadline,the product will be minimally repaired and kept to the residual warranty period.When RWD is expired,the replacement warranty with limited repairs(RWLR)policy is applied.Under the free replacement and pro-rata warranty policy,the corresponding two-stage cost optimization model is established from the manufacturer’s perspective,the aim is to minimize the cost rate and obtain the optimal warranty period.A numerical example is provided to illustrate the validity of the proposed model,and the sensitivity analysis is also carried out.展开更多
In the one-dimensional renewing warranty period,the quality of the spares for product is likely to be improved during the warranty period.Therefore,upgrading maintenance becomes more and more common.Then the manufactu...In the one-dimensional renewing warranty period,the quality of the spares for product is likely to be improved during the warranty period.Therefore,upgrading maintenance becomes more and more common.Then the manufacturers(customers) may have to decide whether or not to provide(buy) the warranty considering upgrading maintenance.This paper presents a mathematical model considering upgrading maintenance for products with multiple failure modes.Upgrading maintenance is taken into account with the assumption that the warranted item is upgraded one time during the warranty cycle.The upgrading maintenance is carried out,when the corrective maintenance is taken place.After upgrading maintenance,the high-quality spares are used to replace the failed item.In the numerical example,the results of the models are calculated.Monte Carlo simulation results are compared with the analytical results to demonstrate the correctness and efficiency of the proposed models considering upgrading maintenance.展开更多
To create a scientific way to renew the grades of cultivated land at county level, monitoring points were set up according to the monitoring control regions and grade types of cultivated land in Daxing District, Beiji...To create a scientific way to renew the grades of cultivated land at county level, monitoring points were set up according to the monitoring control regions and grade types of cultivated land in Daxing District, Beijing, and soil samples were collected to carry out chemical analysis. Afterwards, the input and output data of cultivated land in each village were surveyed to renew the grades of cultivated land. The results indicate that the average natural grade of cultivated land was 8.4, which was equal to that of 2004; the average utilization grade was 8.1, which was slightly higher than that of 2004; the average economic grade was 9.9, which was lower than that of 2004. It is concluded that it is scientific to renew cultivated land grades through scientifically setting monitoring points according to the monitoring control regions and grade types of cultivated land.展开更多
Urban large-scale topographical maps can be renewed by means of overlapping the original digital line graph(DLG)and up-to-date remote sensitive images which have high precision and have been orthographically rectified...Urban large-scale topographical maps can be renewed by means of overlapping the original digital line graph(DLG)and up-to-date remote sensitive images which have high precision and have been orthographically rectified precisely.Quick Bird panchromatic remote sensing image is used and an urban area with even terrain and dense buildings is selected as experimental area.Ground control points(GCPs)are selected on a new 1∶500 topographical map and multinomial model is applied for rectification.After rectification the absolute positional error of a single point of the image is less than 1m,therefore this method is suitable for renewing topographical maps of up to(1∶2000)scale.展开更多
Distinguished Vice-Minister Li Jinjun,Ladies and gentlemen,friends,It is a delightful event for all of us to renew the MOU between FES and CAFIU for the nineth time.Years of cooperation and fruitful results are worth ...Distinguished Vice-Minister Li Jinjun,Ladies and gentlemen,friends,It is a delightful event for all of us to renew the MOU between FES and CAFIU for the nineth time.Years of cooperation and fruitful results are worth celebrating.For a long period of time,the two organizations have been making efforts to put the thoughts of Deng Xiaopeng and Willy Brandt into practice,namely,the thoughts of having dialogue and enhancing mutual understanding while展开更多
Respected President Beck,Respected vips,Ladies,gentlemen,friends,I am delighted to sign the Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation between CAFIU and FES with President Beck here today.This is an important moment...Respected President Beck,Respected vips,Ladies,gentlemen,friends,I am delighted to sign the Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation between CAFIU and FES with President Beck here today.This is an important moment in the history of the relations between CAFIU and FES,which signifies that the sound cooperation between both sides will展开更多
美国作曲家玛丽莲·丝露德(Marilyn Shrude)是著名的钢琴家和作曲家,她所作的《重新开始的神话》(Renewing the Myth)是当代萨克斯管经典音乐作品之一,也是萨克斯管最著名的比赛——第三届阿道夫萨克斯管比赛的必奏曲目.我们通过对...美国作曲家玛丽莲·丝露德(Marilyn Shrude)是著名的钢琴家和作曲家,她所作的《重新开始的神话》(Renewing the Myth)是当代萨克斯管经典音乐作品之一,也是萨克斯管最著名的比赛——第三届阿道夫萨克斯管比赛的必奏曲目.我们通过对这首作品的分析可以了解萨克斯管当代音乐的曲式和技巧.展开更多
The fact that the acidsecreting parietal cells undergo continuous renewal has been ignored by many gastroenterologists and cell biologists. In the past, it was thought that these cells were static. However, by using 3...The fact that the acidsecreting parietal cells undergo continuous renewal has been ignored by many gastroenterologists and cell biologists. In the past, it was thought that these cells were static. However, by using 3Hthymidine radioautography in combination with electron microscopy, it was possible to demonstrate that parietal cells belong to a continuously renewing epithelial cell lineage. In the gastric glands, stem cells anchored in the isthmus region are responsible for the production of parietal cells. The stem cells give rise to three main progenitors: prepit, preneck and preparietal cells. Parietal cells develop either directly from the noncycling preparietal cells or less commonly via differentiation of the cycling prepit and preneck cell progenitors. The formation of a parietal cell is a sequential process which involves diminishment of glycocalyx, production of cytoplasmic tubulovesicles, an increase in number and length of microvilli, an increase in number and size of mitochondria, and fi nally, expansion and invagination of the apical membrane with the formation of an intracellular canalicular system. Little is known about the genetic counterparts of these morphological events. However, the time dimension of parietal cell production and the consequences of its alteration on the biological features of the gastric gland are well documented. The production of a new parietal cell takes about 2 d. However, mature parietal cells have a long lifespan during which they migrate bidirectionally while their functional activity for acid secretion gradually diminishes. Following an average lifespan of about 54 d, in mice, old parietal cells undergo degeneration and elimination. Various approaches for genetic alteration of the development of parietal cells have provided evidence in support of their role as governors of the stem/progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation programs. Revealing the dynamic features and the various roles of parietal cells would help in a better understanding of the biological features of the gastric glands and would hopefully help in providing a basis for the development of new strategies for prevention, early detection and/or therapy of various gastric disorders in which parietal cells are involved, such as atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer.展开更多
The rapid growth in available network bandwidth has directly contributed to an exponential increase in mobile data traffic,creating significant challenges for network energy consumption.Also,with the extraordinary gro...The rapid growth in available network bandwidth has directly contributed to an exponential increase in mobile data traffic,creating significant challenges for network energy consumption.Also,with the extraordinary growth of mobile communications,the data traffic has dramatically expanded,which has led to massive grid power consumption and incurred high operating expenditure(OPEX).However,the majority of current network designs struggle to efficientlymanage a massive amount of data using little power,which degrades energy efficiency performance.Thereby,it is necessary to have an efficient mechanism to reduce power consumption when processing large amounts of data in network data centers.Utilizing renewable energy sources to power the Cloud Radio Access Network(C-RAN)greatly reduces the need to purchase energy from the utility grid.In this paper,we propose a bandwidth-aware hybrid energypowered C-RAN that focuses on throughput and energy efficiency(EE)by lowering grid usage,aiming to enhance the EE.This paper examines the energy efficiency,spectral efficiency(SE),and average on-grid energy consumption,dealing with the major challenges of the temporal and spatial nature of traffic and renewable energy generation across various network setups.To assess the effectiveness of the suggested network by changing the transmission bandwidth,a comprehensive simulation has been conducted.The numerical findings support the efficacy of the suggested approach.展开更多
Driven by the global energy transition and carbon neutrality targets,alkaline water electrolysis has emerged as a key technology for coupling variable renewable generation with clean hydrogen production,offering consi...Driven by the global energy transition and carbon neutrality targets,alkaline water electrolysis has emerged as a key technology for coupling variable renewable generation with clean hydrogen production,offering considerable potential for absorbing surplus power and enhancing grid flexibility.However,conventional control architectures typically treat the power converter and electrolyzer as independent units,neglecting their dynamic interactions and thereby limiting overall system performance under practical operating conditions.This review critically examines existing control approaches,ranging from classical proportional-integral schemes to model predictive control,fuzzy-logic algorithms,and data-driven methods,evaluating their effectiveness in managing dynamic response,multivariable coupling,and operational constraints as well as their inherent limitations.Attention is then focused on the performance requirements of the hydrogen-production converter,including current ripple suppression,rapid transient response,adaptive thermal regulation,and stable power delivery.An integrated co‑control framework is proposed,aligning converter output with electrolyzer demand across steady-state operation,variable renewable input,and emergency shutdown scenarios to achieve higher efficiency,extended equipment lifetime,and enhanced operational safety.Finally,prospects for advancing unified control methodologies are outlined,with emphasis on constraint-aware predictive control,machine-learning-enhanced modeling,and real‑time co‑optimization for future alkaline electrolyzer systems.展开更多
Data center industries have been facing huge energy challenges due to escalating power consumption and associated carbon emissions.In the context of carbon neutrality,the integration of data centers with renewable ene...Data center industries have been facing huge energy challenges due to escalating power consumption and associated carbon emissions.In the context of carbon neutrality,the integration of data centers with renewable energy has become a prevailing trend.To advance the renewable energy integration in data centers,it is imperative to thoroughly explore the data centers’operational flexibility.Computing workloads and refrigeration systems are recognized as two promising flexible resources for power regulationwithin data centermicro-grids.This paper identifies and categorizes delay-tolerant computing workloads into three types(long-running non-interruptible,long-running interruptible,and short-running)and develops mathematical time-shifting models for each.Additionally,this paper examines the thermal dynamics of the computer room and derives a time-varying temperature model coupled to refrigeration power.Building on these models,this paper proposes a two-stage,multi-time scale optimization scheduling framework that jointly coordinates computing workloads time-shift in day-ahead scheduling and refrigeration power control in intra-day dispatch to mitigate renewable variability.A case study demonstrates that the framework effectively enhances the renewable-energy utilization,improves the operational economy of the data center microgrid,and mitigates the impact of renewable power uncertainty.The results highlight the potential of coordinated computing workloads and thermal system flexibility to support greener,more cost-effective data center operation.展开更多
The long-standing use of portable toilet cubicles by residents of Shanghai’s narrow,labyrinthine alleys came to an end in September 2025 after the city largely finished building public toilets to make up their lack o...The long-standing use of portable toilet cubicles by residents of Shanghai’s narrow,labyrinthine alleys came to an end in September 2025 after the city largely finished building public toilets to make up their lack of sanitation facilities.The project,targeting 14,082 households,started last year.展开更多
This study examined the role of green energy development in mitigating climate change and fostering sustainable development in Central Asia including Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,and Turkmenistan.The re...This study examined the role of green energy development in mitigating climate change and fostering sustainable development in Central Asia including Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,and Turkmenistan.The region has substantial untapped potential in solar energy,wind energy,hydropower energy,as well as biomass and bioenergy,positioning it strategically for renewable energy deployment.The result demonstrated that integrating renewable energy can reduce greenhouse gas emissions,improve air quality,enhance energy security,and support rural development.Case studies from Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,and Tajikistan showed measurable environmental and economic benefits.However,the large-scale use of renewable energy still faces numerous barriers,including outdated infrastructure,fragmented regulatory frameworks,limited investment,and shortages of technical expertise.Overcoming these obstacles requires institutional reform,stronger regional cooperation,and increasing engagement from international financial institutions and private investors.Modernizing grids,deploying storage systems,and investing in education,research,and innovation are critical for building human capacity in renewable energy sector.Accelerating the renewable energy transition is essential for Central Asia to meet climate goals,enhance environmental resilience,and ensure long-term socioeconomic development through innovation,investment,and regional collaboration.展开更多
In order to address environmental pollution and resource depletion caused by traditional power generation,this paper proposes an adaptive iterative dynamic-balance optimization algorithm that integrates the Improved D...In order to address environmental pollution and resource depletion caused by traditional power generation,this paper proposes an adaptive iterative dynamic-balance optimization algorithm that integrates the Improved Dung Beetle Optimizer(IDBO)with VariationalMode Decomposition(VMD).The IDBO-VMD method is designed to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of wind-speed time-series decomposition and to effectively smooth photovoltaic power fluctuations.This study innovatively improves the traditional variational mode decomposition(VMD)algorithm,and significantly improves the accuracy and adaptive ability of signal decomposition by IDBO selfoptimization of key parameters K and a.On this basis,Fourier transform technology is used to define the boundary point between high frequency and low frequency signals,and a targeted energy distribution strategy is proposed:high frequency fluctuations are allocated to supercapacitors to quickly respond to transient power fluctuations;Lowfrequency components are distributed to lead-carbon batteries,optimizing long-term energy storage and scheduling efficiency.This strategy effectively improves the response speed and stability of the energy storage system.The experimental results demonstrate that the IDBO-VMD algorithm markedly outperforms traditional methods in both decomposition accuracy and computational efficiency.Specifically,it effectively reduces the charge–discharge frequency of the battery,prolongs battery life,and optimizes the operating ranges of the state-of-charge(SOC)for both leadcarbon batteries and supercapacitors.In addition,the energy management strategy based on the algorithm not only improves the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system,but also shows excellent performance in the dynamic management and intelligent scheduling of renewable energy generation.展开更多
In Wuhu,urban renewal has not only transformed the development process,but improved people’s lives.DURING the 14th Five-Year Plan period(2021-2025),urban renewal has served as a crucial measure to promote high-qualit...In Wuhu,urban renewal has not only transformed the development process,but improved people’s lives.DURING the 14th Five-Year Plan period(2021-2025),urban renewal has served as a crucial measure to promote high-quality urban development and continuously meet people’s growing aspirations for a better life.Wuhu,in central China’s Anhui Province,has consistently enhanced its urban functions and services to build a modern,people-oriented city that is innovative,livable,beautiful,resilient,and smart.展开更多
Modern power electronics,from electric vehicles to renewable energy systems,demand capacitors that can reliably store high energy at elevated temperatures.Polymer dielectrics are widely used in capacitors due to their...Modern power electronics,from electric vehicles to renewable energy systems,demand capacitors that can reliably store high energy at elevated temperatures.Polymer dielectrics are widely used in capacitors due to their high breakdown strength and ease of processing,but they traditionally suffer from poor energy density at high temperatures[1-4].展开更多
In the present study,researchers examined a solar off-grid-connected photovoltaic system for a family house in the city of Baghdad.The design was created with the help of the“How to Design PV Program”and the“Renewa...In the present study,researchers examined a solar off-grid-connected photovoltaic system for a family house in the city of Baghdad.The design was created with the help of the“How to Design PV Program”and the“Renewable Energy Investment Calculator(REICAL)”software(Version 1.1).In Iraq,the national grid provides around 71%of the overall electricity demand,though this drops to nearly 50%during extremely hot and cold months,where the supply alternates between four hours on and four hours off.During the off periods,power is generated by local generators at high costs.To promote the adoption of photovoltaic solar systems among Iraqi citizens through loans,three options for meeting 100% of electricity needs have been proposed:an on-grid solution,a hybrid system that supplies 24 h,and an off-grid solution for a 24-h supply.The 12-h off-grid system(hybrid)is both economical and efficient for delivering electricity.Findings reveal that,over 20 years,the system’s output will amount to 141,176.71 kWh,with a payback period of 5.85 years and a performance ratio of 86.2%.Investment outcome data showed a net present value of $6445,and the profitability index was 6.16,indicating the project’s profitability.Additionally,the system could result in a net reduction of CO_(2) emissions totaling 132,810.24 kg.展开更多
CO_(2)utilization powered by sustainable energy offers a promising route to mitigate carbon emissions while producing value-added chemicals[1].Among these pathways,CO_(2)hydrogenation is especially attractive because ...CO_(2)utilization powered by sustainable energy offers a promising route to mitigate carbon emissions while producing value-added chemicals[1].Among these pathways,CO_(2)hydrogenation is especially attractive because it integrates renewable H 2 with carbon resources,which have achieved notable success in producing methanol,CO,etc.[2,3].展开更多
Accurate parameter extraction of photovoltaic(PV)models plays a critical role in enabling precise performance prediction,optimal system sizing,and effective operational control under diverse environmental conditions.W...Accurate parameter extraction of photovoltaic(PV)models plays a critical role in enabling precise performance prediction,optimal system sizing,and effective operational control under diverse environmental conditions.While a wide range of metaheuristic optimisation techniques have been applied to this problem,many existing methods are hindered by slow convergence rates,susceptibility to premature stagnation,and reduced accuracy when applied to complex multi-diode PV configurations.These limitations can lead to suboptimal modelling,reducing the efficiency of PV system design and operation.In this work,we propose an enhanced hybrid optimisation approach,the modified Spider Wasp Optimization(mSWO)with Opposition-Based Learning algorithm,which integrates the exploration and exploitation capabilities of the Spider Wasp Optimization(SWO)metaheuristic with the diversityenhancing mechanism of Opposition-Based Learning(OBL).The hybridisation is designed to dynamically expand the search space coverage,avoid premature convergence,and improve both convergence speed and precision in highdimensional optimisation tasks.The mSWO algorithm is applied to three well-established PV configurations:the single diode model(SDM),the double diode model(DDM),and the triple diode model(TDM).Real experimental current-voltage(I-V)datasets from a commercial PV module under standard test conditions(STC)are used for evaluation.Comparative analysis is conducted against eighteen advanced metaheuristic algorithms,including BSDE,RLGBO,GWOCS,MFO,EO,TSA,and SCA.Performance metrics include minimum,mean,and maximum root mean square error(RMSE),standard deviation(SD),and convergence behaviour over 30 independent runs.The results reveal that mSWO consistently delivers superior accuracy and robustness across all PV models,achieving the lowest RMSE values of 0.000986022(SDM),0.000982884(DDM),and 0.000982529(TDM),with minimal SD values,indicating remarkable repeatability.Convergence analyses further show that mSWO reaches optimal solutions more rapidly and with fewer oscillations than all competing methods,with the performance gap widening as model complexity increases.These findings demonstrate that mSWO provides a scalable,computationally efficient,and highly reliable framework for PV parameter extraction.Its adaptability to models of growing complexity suggests strong potential for broader applications in renewable energy systems,including performance monitoring,fault detection,and intelligent control,thereby contributing to the optimisation of next-generation solar energy solutions.展开更多
文摘British Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s China visit has yielded a new commitment to a long-term stable comprehensive strategic partnership,with significant breakthroughs in financial cooperation including a newly established financial working group.THE four-day visit of British Prime Minister Keir Starmer to China-the first by a U.K.Prime Minister in eight years-has marked a significant step toward stabilizing and deepening bilateral relations.
基金Project(71671035) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Renewing warranty can provide customers with better service,and thus help manufacturers to gain market opportunities.In engineering practice,the cost for replacement is usually higher than the cost for maintenance,hence manufacturers often face huge challenge to reduce the warranty service cost.With consideration of the warranty deadline,we propose a two-stage optimization model for renewing warranty.In the first stage,a renewing warranty with deadline(RWD)policy is implemented,where the deadline represents the cumulative uptime threshold.When the cumulative uptime exceeds the deadline,the product will be minimally repaired and kept to the residual warranty period.When RWD is expired,the replacement warranty with limited repairs(RWLR)policy is applied.Under the free replacement and pro-rata warranty policy,the corresponding two-stage cost optimization model is established from the manufacturer’s perspective,the aim is to minimize the cost rate and obtain the optimal warranty period.A numerical example is provided to illustrate the validity of the proposed model,and the sensitivity analysis is also carried out.
基金the National Society Science Foundation of China(No.14GJ003-135)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71401173)
文摘In the one-dimensional renewing warranty period,the quality of the spares for product is likely to be improved during the warranty period.Therefore,upgrading maintenance becomes more and more common.Then the manufacturers(customers) may have to decide whether or not to provide(buy) the warranty considering upgrading maintenance.This paper presents a mathematical model considering upgrading maintenance for products with multiple failure modes.Upgrading maintenance is taken into account with the assumption that the warranted item is upgraded one time during the warranty cycle.The upgrading maintenance is carried out,when the corrective maintenance is taken place.After upgrading maintenance,the high-quality spares are used to replace the failed item.In the numerical example,the results of the models are calculated.Monte Carlo simulation results are compared with the analytical results to demonstrate the correctness and efficiency of the proposed models considering upgrading maintenance.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Project of Ministry of Land and Resources of the People's Public of China in Public Welfare Industries(201011006)
文摘To create a scientific way to renew the grades of cultivated land at county level, monitoring points were set up according to the monitoring control regions and grade types of cultivated land in Daxing District, Beijing, and soil samples were collected to carry out chemical analysis. Afterwards, the input and output data of cultivated land in each village were surveyed to renew the grades of cultivated land. The results indicate that the average natural grade of cultivated land was 8.4, which was equal to that of 2004; the average utilization grade was 8.1, which was slightly higher than that of 2004; the average economic grade was 9.9, which was lower than that of 2004. It is concluded that it is scientific to renew cultivated land grades through scientifically setting monitoring points according to the monitoring control regions and grade types of cultivated land.
文摘Urban large-scale topographical maps can be renewed by means of overlapping the original digital line graph(DLG)and up-to-date remote sensitive images which have high precision and have been orthographically rectified precisely.Quick Bird panchromatic remote sensing image is used and an urban area with even terrain and dense buildings is selected as experimental area.Ground control points(GCPs)are selected on a new 1∶500 topographical map and multinomial model is applied for rectification.After rectification the absolute positional error of a single point of the image is less than 1m,therefore this method is suitable for renewing topographical maps of up to(1∶2000)scale.
文摘Distinguished Vice-Minister Li Jinjun,Ladies and gentlemen,friends,It is a delightful event for all of us to renew the MOU between FES and CAFIU for the nineth time.Years of cooperation and fruitful results are worth celebrating.For a long period of time,the two organizations have been making efforts to put the thoughts of Deng Xiaopeng and Willy Brandt into practice,namely,the thoughts of having dialogue and enhancing mutual understanding while
文摘Respected President Beck,Respected vips,Ladies,gentlemen,friends,I am delighted to sign the Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation between CAFIU and FES with President Beck here today.This is an important moment in the history of the relations between CAFIU and FES,which signifies that the sound cooperation between both sides will
文摘美国作曲家玛丽莲·丝露德(Marilyn Shrude)是著名的钢琴家和作曲家,她所作的《重新开始的神话》(Renewing the Myth)是当代萨克斯管经典音乐作品之一,也是萨克斯管最著名的比赛——第三届阿道夫萨克斯管比赛的必奏曲目.我们通过对这首作品的分析可以了解萨克斯管当代音乐的曲式和技巧.
基金Supported by Terry Fox Fund for Cancer Research and UAE University
文摘The fact that the acidsecreting parietal cells undergo continuous renewal has been ignored by many gastroenterologists and cell biologists. In the past, it was thought that these cells were static. However, by using 3Hthymidine radioautography in combination with electron microscopy, it was possible to demonstrate that parietal cells belong to a continuously renewing epithelial cell lineage. In the gastric glands, stem cells anchored in the isthmus region are responsible for the production of parietal cells. The stem cells give rise to three main progenitors: prepit, preneck and preparietal cells. Parietal cells develop either directly from the noncycling preparietal cells or less commonly via differentiation of the cycling prepit and preneck cell progenitors. The formation of a parietal cell is a sequential process which involves diminishment of glycocalyx, production of cytoplasmic tubulovesicles, an increase in number and length of microvilli, an increase in number and size of mitochondria, and fi nally, expansion and invagination of the apical membrane with the formation of an intracellular canalicular system. Little is known about the genetic counterparts of these morphological events. However, the time dimension of parietal cell production and the consequences of its alteration on the biological features of the gastric gland are well documented. The production of a new parietal cell takes about 2 d. However, mature parietal cells have a long lifespan during which they migrate bidirectionally while their functional activity for acid secretion gradually diminishes. Following an average lifespan of about 54 d, in mice, old parietal cells undergo degeneration and elimination. Various approaches for genetic alteration of the development of parietal cells have provided evidence in support of their role as governors of the stem/progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation programs. Revealing the dynamic features and the various roles of parietal cells would help in a better understanding of the biological features of the gastric glands and would hopefully help in providing a basis for the development of new strategies for prevention, early detection and/or therapy of various gastric disorders in which parietal cells are involved, such as atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer.
文摘The rapid growth in available network bandwidth has directly contributed to an exponential increase in mobile data traffic,creating significant challenges for network energy consumption.Also,with the extraordinary growth of mobile communications,the data traffic has dramatically expanded,which has led to massive grid power consumption and incurred high operating expenditure(OPEX).However,the majority of current network designs struggle to efficientlymanage a massive amount of data using little power,which degrades energy efficiency performance.Thereby,it is necessary to have an efficient mechanism to reduce power consumption when processing large amounts of data in network data centers.Utilizing renewable energy sources to power the Cloud Radio Access Network(C-RAN)greatly reduces the need to purchase energy from the utility grid.In this paper,we propose a bandwidth-aware hybrid energypowered C-RAN that focuses on throughput and energy efficiency(EE)by lowering grid usage,aiming to enhance the EE.This paper examines the energy efficiency,spectral efficiency(SE),and average on-grid energy consumption,dealing with the major challenges of the temporal and spatial nature of traffic and renewable energy generation across various network setups.To assess the effectiveness of the suggested network by changing the transmission bandwidth,a comprehensive simulation has been conducted.The numerical findings support the efficacy of the suggested approach.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,under the Shanghai Action Plan for Science,Technology and Innovation(22ZR1464800).
文摘Driven by the global energy transition and carbon neutrality targets,alkaline water electrolysis has emerged as a key technology for coupling variable renewable generation with clean hydrogen production,offering considerable potential for absorbing surplus power and enhancing grid flexibility.However,conventional control architectures typically treat the power converter and electrolyzer as independent units,neglecting their dynamic interactions and thereby limiting overall system performance under practical operating conditions.This review critically examines existing control approaches,ranging from classical proportional-integral schemes to model predictive control,fuzzy-logic algorithms,and data-driven methods,evaluating their effectiveness in managing dynamic response,multivariable coupling,and operational constraints as well as their inherent limitations.Attention is then focused on the performance requirements of the hydrogen-production converter,including current ripple suppression,rapid transient response,adaptive thermal regulation,and stable power delivery.An integrated co‑control framework is proposed,aligning converter output with electrolyzer demand across steady-state operation,variable renewable input,and emergency shutdown scenarios to achieve higher efficiency,extended equipment lifetime,and enhanced operational safety.Finally,prospects for advancing unified control methodologies are outlined,with emphasis on constraint-aware predictive control,machine-learning-enhanced modeling,and real‑time co‑optimization for future alkaline electrolyzer systems.
基金supported by Science and Technology Standard Project of Guangdong Electric Power Design Institute(ER11301W,ER11811W).
文摘Data center industries have been facing huge energy challenges due to escalating power consumption and associated carbon emissions.In the context of carbon neutrality,the integration of data centers with renewable energy has become a prevailing trend.To advance the renewable energy integration in data centers,it is imperative to thoroughly explore the data centers’operational flexibility.Computing workloads and refrigeration systems are recognized as two promising flexible resources for power regulationwithin data centermicro-grids.This paper identifies and categorizes delay-tolerant computing workloads into three types(long-running non-interruptible,long-running interruptible,and short-running)and develops mathematical time-shifting models for each.Additionally,this paper examines the thermal dynamics of the computer room and derives a time-varying temperature model coupled to refrigeration power.Building on these models,this paper proposes a two-stage,multi-time scale optimization scheduling framework that jointly coordinates computing workloads time-shift in day-ahead scheduling and refrigeration power control in intra-day dispatch to mitigate renewable variability.A case study demonstrates that the framework effectively enhances the renewable-energy utilization,improves the operational economy of the data center microgrid,and mitigates the impact of renewable power uncertainty.The results highlight the potential of coordinated computing workloads and thermal system flexibility to support greener,more cost-effective data center operation.
文摘The long-standing use of portable toilet cubicles by residents of Shanghai’s narrow,labyrinthine alleys came to an end in September 2025 after the city largely finished building public toilets to make up their lack of sanitation facilities.The project,targeting 14,082 households,started last year.
文摘This study examined the role of green energy development in mitigating climate change and fostering sustainable development in Central Asia including Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,and Turkmenistan.The region has substantial untapped potential in solar energy,wind energy,hydropower energy,as well as biomass and bioenergy,positioning it strategically for renewable energy deployment.The result demonstrated that integrating renewable energy can reduce greenhouse gas emissions,improve air quality,enhance energy security,and support rural development.Case studies from Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,and Tajikistan showed measurable environmental and economic benefits.However,the large-scale use of renewable energy still faces numerous barriers,including outdated infrastructure,fragmented regulatory frameworks,limited investment,and shortages of technical expertise.Overcoming these obstacles requires institutional reform,stronger regional cooperation,and increasing engagement from international financial institutions and private investors.Modernizing grids,deploying storage systems,and investing in education,research,and innovation are critical for building human capacity in renewable energy sector.Accelerating the renewable energy transition is essential for Central Asia to meet climate goals,enhance environmental resilience,and ensure long-term socioeconomic development through innovation,investment,and regional collaboration.
基金funded by the Institute of Smart Energy,Huaiyin Institute of Technology,under Grant No.HIT-ISE-2024-07.
文摘In order to address environmental pollution and resource depletion caused by traditional power generation,this paper proposes an adaptive iterative dynamic-balance optimization algorithm that integrates the Improved Dung Beetle Optimizer(IDBO)with VariationalMode Decomposition(VMD).The IDBO-VMD method is designed to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of wind-speed time-series decomposition and to effectively smooth photovoltaic power fluctuations.This study innovatively improves the traditional variational mode decomposition(VMD)algorithm,and significantly improves the accuracy and adaptive ability of signal decomposition by IDBO selfoptimization of key parameters K and a.On this basis,Fourier transform technology is used to define the boundary point between high frequency and low frequency signals,and a targeted energy distribution strategy is proposed:high frequency fluctuations are allocated to supercapacitors to quickly respond to transient power fluctuations;Lowfrequency components are distributed to lead-carbon batteries,optimizing long-term energy storage and scheduling efficiency.This strategy effectively improves the response speed and stability of the energy storage system.The experimental results demonstrate that the IDBO-VMD algorithm markedly outperforms traditional methods in both decomposition accuracy and computational efficiency.Specifically,it effectively reduces the charge–discharge frequency of the battery,prolongs battery life,and optimizes the operating ranges of the state-of-charge(SOC)for both leadcarbon batteries and supercapacitors.In addition,the energy management strategy based on the algorithm not only improves the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system,but also shows excellent performance in the dynamic management and intelligent scheduling of renewable energy generation.
文摘In Wuhu,urban renewal has not only transformed the development process,but improved people’s lives.DURING the 14th Five-Year Plan period(2021-2025),urban renewal has served as a crucial measure to promote high-quality urban development and continuously meet people’s growing aspirations for a better life.Wuhu,in central China’s Anhui Province,has consistently enhanced its urban functions and services to build a modern,people-oriented city that is innovative,livable,beautiful,resilient,and smart.
文摘Modern power electronics,from electric vehicles to renewable energy systems,demand capacitors that can reliably store high energy at elevated temperatures.Polymer dielectrics are widely used in capacitors due to their high breakdown strength and ease of processing,but they traditionally suffer from poor energy density at high temperatures[1-4].
文摘In the present study,researchers examined a solar off-grid-connected photovoltaic system for a family house in the city of Baghdad.The design was created with the help of the“How to Design PV Program”and the“Renewable Energy Investment Calculator(REICAL)”software(Version 1.1).In Iraq,the national grid provides around 71%of the overall electricity demand,though this drops to nearly 50%during extremely hot and cold months,where the supply alternates between four hours on and four hours off.During the off periods,power is generated by local generators at high costs.To promote the adoption of photovoltaic solar systems among Iraqi citizens through loans,three options for meeting 100% of electricity needs have been proposed:an on-grid solution,a hybrid system that supplies 24 h,and an off-grid solution for a 24-h supply.The 12-h off-grid system(hybrid)is both economical and efficient for delivering electricity.Findings reveal that,over 20 years,the system’s output will amount to 141,176.71 kWh,with a payback period of 5.85 years and a performance ratio of 86.2%.Investment outcome data showed a net present value of $6445,and the profitability index was 6.16,indicating the project’s profitability.Additionally,the system could result in a net reduction of CO_(2) emissions totaling 132,810.24 kg.
文摘CO_(2)utilization powered by sustainable energy offers a promising route to mitigate carbon emissions while producing value-added chemicals[1].Among these pathways,CO_(2)hydrogenation is especially attractive because it integrates renewable H 2 with carbon resources,which have achieved notable success in producing methanol,CO,etc.[2,3].
基金funded by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2025R442)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Accurate parameter extraction of photovoltaic(PV)models plays a critical role in enabling precise performance prediction,optimal system sizing,and effective operational control under diverse environmental conditions.While a wide range of metaheuristic optimisation techniques have been applied to this problem,many existing methods are hindered by slow convergence rates,susceptibility to premature stagnation,and reduced accuracy when applied to complex multi-diode PV configurations.These limitations can lead to suboptimal modelling,reducing the efficiency of PV system design and operation.In this work,we propose an enhanced hybrid optimisation approach,the modified Spider Wasp Optimization(mSWO)with Opposition-Based Learning algorithm,which integrates the exploration and exploitation capabilities of the Spider Wasp Optimization(SWO)metaheuristic with the diversityenhancing mechanism of Opposition-Based Learning(OBL).The hybridisation is designed to dynamically expand the search space coverage,avoid premature convergence,and improve both convergence speed and precision in highdimensional optimisation tasks.The mSWO algorithm is applied to three well-established PV configurations:the single diode model(SDM),the double diode model(DDM),and the triple diode model(TDM).Real experimental current-voltage(I-V)datasets from a commercial PV module under standard test conditions(STC)are used for evaluation.Comparative analysis is conducted against eighteen advanced metaheuristic algorithms,including BSDE,RLGBO,GWOCS,MFO,EO,TSA,and SCA.Performance metrics include minimum,mean,and maximum root mean square error(RMSE),standard deviation(SD),and convergence behaviour over 30 independent runs.The results reveal that mSWO consistently delivers superior accuracy and robustness across all PV models,achieving the lowest RMSE values of 0.000986022(SDM),0.000982884(DDM),and 0.000982529(TDM),with minimal SD values,indicating remarkable repeatability.Convergence analyses further show that mSWO reaches optimal solutions more rapidly and with fewer oscillations than all competing methods,with the performance gap widening as model complexity increases.These findings demonstrate that mSWO provides a scalable,computationally efficient,and highly reliable framework for PV parameter extraction.Its adaptability to models of growing complexity suggests strong potential for broader applications in renewable energy systems,including performance monitoring,fault detection,and intelligent control,thereby contributing to the optimisation of next-generation solar energy solutions.
