In this paper,different chemicals were added to sediments to control phosphorus release from river sediments by means of different dosing methods,thus reducing the concentration of organic pollutants in overlying wate...In this paper,different chemicals were added to sediments to control phosphorus release from river sediments by means of different dosing methods,thus reducing the concentration of organic pollutants in overlying water.Two remediators,aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride,were respectively added to six groups of experimental samples in three different covering methods,namely injection,mixing and tiling,and a control group was set up.The results showed that at the initially stationary phase of the experiment,the control effect of phosphorus release from sediments of mixing of aluminum sulfate was the most obvious,followed by tiling and injection into the mud;at the finally stationary phase of the experiment,the control effect of phosphorus release from sediments of injection of aluminum sulfate was the most obvious,followed by mixing and tiling.Under the same coverage,the inhibition effect of aluminum sulfate was more obvious than that of ferric chloride.This paper undertook research into the control effect of phosphorus release from sediments to provide a reference point for the control of water eutrophication in the days to come.展开更多
Phytoremediation is a viable,effective,and economically attractive technology that uses plants to remove chemical contaminants from soil and groundwater.A major munitions contaminant,TNT(2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene)can be r...Phytoremediation is a viable,effective,and economically attractive technology that uses plants to remove chemical contaminants from soil and groundwater.A major munitions contaminant,TNT(2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene)can be remediated by several plants such as Myriophyllum aquaticum(Parrot Feather),and Catharanthus roseus.This study focuses on screening plants that have natural antioxidant phytochemicals for their ability to remediate TNT,and heavy metals from contaminated water sources,groundwater and soil.Three kinds of bell peppers,Capsicum frutescens(green,red,and yellow),which contain both the antioxidant phytochemicals(carotene and vitamin C)and tomato,which also contains vitamin C,were tested to confirm their antioxidizing and remediation abilities respectively.Results for remediation abilities were analyzed by HPLC(High Performance Liquid Chromatography).Results also suggested that plants which had antioxidant properties were also able to remediate TNT and heavy metals effectively,thereby suggesting a possible correlation between antioxidant and phytoremediation abilities of the plants studied.展开更多
Vulnerabilities are a known problem in modern Open Source Software(OSS).Most developers often rely on third-party libraries to accelerate feature implementation.However,these libraries may contain vulnerabilities that...Vulnerabilities are a known problem in modern Open Source Software(OSS).Most developers often rely on third-party libraries to accelerate feature implementation.However,these libraries may contain vulnerabilities that attackers can exploit to propagate malicious code,posing security risks to dependent projects.Existing research addresses these challenges through Software Composition Analysis(SCA)for vulnerability detection and remediation.Nevertheless,current solutions may introduce additional issues,such as incompatibilities,dependency conflicts,and additional vulnerabilities.To address this,we propose Vulnerability Scan and Protection(VulnScanPro),a robust solution for detection and remediation vulnerabilities in Java projects.Specifically,VulnScanPro builds a finegrained method graph to identify unreachable methods.The method graph is mapped to the project’s dependency tree,constructing a comprehensive vulnerability propagation graph that identifies unreachable vulnerable APIs and dependencies.Based on this analysis,we propose three solutions for vulnerability remediation:(1)Removing unreachable vulnerable dependencies,thereby resolving security risks and reducing maintenance overhead.(2)Upgrading vulnerable dependencies to the closest non-vulnerable versions,while pinning the versions of transitive dependencies introduced by the vulnerable dependency,in order to mitigate compatibility issues and prevent the introduction of new vulnerabilities.(3)Eliminating unreachable vulnerable APIs,particularly when security patches are either incompatible or absent.Experimental results show that these solutions effectively mitigate vulnerabilities and enhance the overall security of the project.展开更多
S and Co co-doped carbon catalysts were prepared via pyrolysis of MOF-71 and thiourea mixtures at 800℃at a mass ratio of MOF-71 to thiourea of 1:0.1 to effectively activate peroxymonosulfate(PMS)for methylene blue(MB...S and Co co-doped carbon catalysts were prepared via pyrolysis of MOF-71 and thiourea mixtures at 800℃at a mass ratio of MOF-71 to thiourea of 1:0.1 to effectively activate peroxymonosulfate(PMS)for methylene blue(MB)degradation.The effects of two different mixing routes were identified on the MB degradation performance.Particularly,the catalyst obtained by the alcohol solvent evaporation(MOF-AEP)mixing route could degrade 95.60%MB(50 mg/L)within 4 min(degradation rate:K=0.78 min^(-1)),which was faster than that derived from the direct grinding method(MOF-DGP,80.97%,K=0.39 min^(-1)).X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the Co-S content of MOF-AEP(43.39at%)was less than that of MOF-DGP(54.73at%),and the proportion of C-S-C in MOF-AEP(13.56at%)was higher than that of MOF-DGP(10.67at%).Density functional theory calculations revealed that the adsorption energy of Co for PMS was -2.94 eV when sulfur was doped as C-S-C on the carbon skeleton,which was higher than that when sulfur was doped next to cobalt in the form of Co-S bond(-2.86 eV).Thus,the C-S-C sites might provide more contributions to activate PMS compared with Co-S.Furthermore,the degradation parameters,including pH and MOF-AEP dosage,were investigated.Finally,radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)measurements revealed that ^(1)O_(2)might be the primary catalytic species,whereas·O~(2-)might be the secondary one in degrading MB.展开更多
Controlling heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil has been a significant challenge.These heavy metals seriously threaten the surrounding ecological environment and human health.The effective assessment and remedi...Controlling heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil has been a significant challenge.These heavy metals seriously threaten the surrounding ecological environment and human health.The effective assessment and remediation of heavy metals in agricultural soils are crucial.These two aspects support each other,forming a close and complete decisionmaking chain.Therefore,this review systematically summarizes the distribution characteristics of soil heavy metal pollution,the correlation between soil and crop heavy metal contents,the presence pattern and migration and transformation mode of heavy metals in the soil-crop system.The advantages and disadvantages of the risk evaluation tools and models of heavy metal pollution in farmland are further outlined,which provides important guidance for an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of heavymetal pollution in farmland soils and the assessment of the environmental risk.Soil remediation strategies involve multiple physical,chemical,biological and even combined technologies,and this paper compares the potential and effect of the above current remediation technologies in heavy metal polluted farmland soils.Finally,the main problems and possible research directions of future heavy metal risk assessment and remediation technologies in agricultural soils are prospected.This review provides new ideas for effective assessment and selection of remediation technologies based on the characterization of soil heavy metals.展开更多
Pollution accident of nonferrous metallurgy industry often lead to serious heavy metal pollution of the surrounding soil.Phytoremediation of contaminated soil is an environmental and sustainable technology,and soil na...Pollution accident of nonferrous metallurgy industry often lead to serious heavy metal pollution of the surrounding soil.Phytoremediation of contaminated soil is an environmental and sustainable technology,and soil native microorganisms in the process of phytoremediation also participate in the remediation of heavy metals.However,the effects of high concentrations of multiple heavy metals(HCMHMs)on plants and native soil microorganisms remain uncertain.Thus,further clarification of themechanism of phytoremediation of HCMHMs soil by plants and native soil microorganisms is required.Using the plant Sedum alfredii(S.alfredii)to restore HCMHM-contaminated soil,we further explored the mechanism of S.alfredii and native soil microorganisms in the remediation of HCMHM soils.The results showed that(i)S.alfredii can promote heavy metals from non-rhizosphere soil to rhizosphere soil,which is conducive to the effect of plants on heavy metals.In addition,it can also enrich the absorbed heavy metals in its roots and leaves;(ii)native soil bacteria can increase the abundance of signal molecule-synthesizing enzymes,such as trpE,trpG,bjaI,rpfF,ACSL,and yidC,and promote the expression of the pathway that converts serine to cysteine,then synthesize substances to chelate heavy metals.In addition,we speculated that genes such as K19703,K07891,K09711,K19703,K07891,and K09711 in native bacteria may be involved in the stabilization or absorption of heavy metals.The results provide scientific basis for S.alfredii to remediate heavy metals contaminated soils,and confirm the potential of phytoremediation of HCMHM contaminated soil.展开更多
New pollutants have become a significant concern in China's efforts toward ecological and environmental protection.Trichloromethane(TCM,CHCl_3),one of these new pollutants,is primarily released into soil and groun...New pollutants have become a significant concern in China's efforts toward ecological and environmental protection.Trichloromethane(TCM,CHCl_3),one of these new pollutants,is primarily released into soil and groundwater through various industrial activities.Over the past four decades,researchers have consistently focused on the remediation of TCM-contaminated soil and groundwater using microorganisms and iron-based materials,which hold significant potential for practical application.Understanding the remediation process and the factors influencing TCM degradation through these two methods is crucial for advancing both theoretical research and practical implementation.This review focuses on the degradation mechanisms of TCM in soil and groundwater by microorganisms and iron-based materials.It summarizes the active microorganisms and modified iron-based materials with high TCM degradation capabilities,discusses enhancement measures for both methods in the remediation process,and finally,outlines the challenges faced by these methods.The goal is to provide theoretical references for efficient remediation of TCM-contaminated soil and groundwater.展开更多
Agricultural soil is related to food security and human health,antibiotics and heavy metals(HMs),as two typical pollutants,possess a high coexistence rate in the environmental medium,which is extremely prone to induci...Agricultural soil is related to food security and human health,antibiotics and heavy metals(HMs),as two typical pollutants,possess a high coexistence rate in the environmental medium,which is extremely prone to inducing antibiotic-HMs combined pollution.Recently,frequent human activities have led to more prominent antibiotics-HMs combined contamination in agricultural soils,especially the production and spread of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),heavy metal resistance genes(MRGs),antibiotic resistant bacteria(ARB),and antibiotics-HMs complexes(AMCs),which seriously threaten soil ecology and human health.This review describes the main sources(Intrinsic and manmade sources),composite mechanisms(co-selective resistance,oxidative stress,and Joint toxicity mechanism),environmental fate and the potential risks(soil ecological and human health risks)of antibiotics and HMs in agricultural soils.Finally,the current effective source blocking,transmission control,and attenuation strategies are classified for discussion,such as the application of additives and barrier materials,as well as plant and animal remediation and bioremediation,etc.,pointing out that future research should focus on the whole chain process of“source-processterminal”,intending to provide a theoretical basis and decision-making reference for future research.展开更多
Dibromoethane is a widespread,persistent organic pollutant.Biochars are known mediators of reductive dehalogenation by layered Fe^(Ⅱ)-Fe^(Ⅲ)hydroxides(green rust),which can reduce 1,2-dibromoethane to innocuous brom...Dibromoethane is a widespread,persistent organic pollutant.Biochars are known mediators of reductive dehalogenation by layered Fe^(Ⅱ)-Fe^(Ⅲ)hydroxides(green rust),which can reduce 1,2-dibromoethane to innocuous bromide and ethylene.However,the critical characteristics that determine mediator functionality are lesser known.Fifteen biochar substrates were pyrolyzed at 600℃and 800℃,characterized by elemental analysis,X-ray photo spectrometry C and N surface speciation,X-ray powder diffraction,specific surface area analysis,and tested for mediation of reductive debromination of 1,2-dibromoethane by a green rust reductant under anoxic conditions.A statistical analysis was performed to determine the biochar properties,critical for debromination kinetics and total debromination extent.It was shown that selected plant based biochars can mediate debromination of 1,2-dibromoethane,that the highest first order rate constant was 0.082/hr,and the highest debromination extent was 27%in reactivity experiments with 0.1μmol(20μmol/L)1,2-dibromoethane,≈22 mmol/L Fe^(Ⅱ)GR,and 0.12 g/L soybean meal biochar(7 days).Contents of Ni,Zn,N,and P,and the relative contribution of quinone surface functional groups were significantly(p<0.05)positively correlated with 1,2-dibromoethane debromination,while adsorption,specific surface area,and the relative contribution of pyridinic N oxide surface groups were significantly negatively correlated with debromination.展开更多
The contact between contaminant and washing solution is a fundamental factor that limits the contaminant removal efficiency of chemical washing.In this study,the magnetization technique was employed to improve the phy...The contact between contaminant and washing solution is a fundamental factor that limits the contaminant removal efficiency of chemical washing.In this study,the magnetization technique was employed to improve the physicochemical properties of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA)solutions for the removal of lead(Pb)and cadmium(Cd)from a contaminated clayey soil.Furthermore,EDTA concentration,magnetization strength,and magnetization time were varied as parameters for enhancing the contact between contaminant and washing solution to improve remediation efficiency.The results showed that after magnetization,the viscosities,surface tensions,and contact angles of EDTA solutions decreased,whereas the electrical conductivity and pH increased.In particular,the viscosities of high-concentration EDTA solutions increased with increasing magnetic field strength and magnetization time.The magnetized EDTA solutions increased the maximum removal rates of Cd and Pb by 64.46% and 35.49%,respectively,compared to the unmagnetized EDTA solutions.The results highlighted the efficient metal removal by magnetized washing solutions due to the better contact between the washing solutions and the contaminants.The magnetic-enhanced soil washing method was proven to be efficient,cost-effective,and easily implementable for enhancing heavy metal removal.This study provides a valuable reference for improving the efficiency of chemical washing for heavy metal-contaminated clayey soils.展开更多
Antimony(Sb)contamination in paddy fields can lead to its accumulation in rice grains,posing a threat to food safety.To address this issue,the combined use of zero-valent iron(ZVI)and biochar(BC)were applied to decrea...Antimony(Sb)contamination in paddy fields can lead to its accumulation in rice grains,posing a threat to food safety.To address this issue,the combined use of zero-valent iron(ZVI)and biochar(BC)were applied to decrease the uptake of Sb in Sb-polluted soils,and their effects on Sb uptake from soil to rice grains were investigated.Our results showed that the combination treatment of 0.05%ZVI and 0.095%BC resulted in a significant decrease(42.8%)in Sb accumulation in rice grains that was comparably more efficient than that by 0.05%ZVI(decrease of 15.8%Sb accumulation)or 0.095%BC(decrease of 12.7%Sb accumulation)alone,demonstrating the synergistic effect of ZVI and BC on mitigating Sb uptake by rice plants.ZVI presence resulted in the formation of iron oxides in the soil and on root surfaces,and the S^(2-)/S_(2)^(2-)ascent also increased by 58.7%on day 75 compared with that of the control,facilitating the reduction of Sb(Ⅴ)to less mobile Sb(Ⅲ),thereby decreasing Sb accumulation in rice plants.BC initially increased themobility of Sb owing to its alkaline nature,whereas the electron shuttle properties of BC contributed to a decrease in Sbmobility.The abundance of the arsenite-reducing gene arrA ultimately increased by 203.2% on day 120 compared with the initial phase on day 5,and BC caused a remarkable increase in arrA gene abundance.This study revealed the synergistic mechanisms by combining ZVI and BC to mitigate Sb uptake by rice,which may be useful for the sustainable remediation of contaminated rice paddies.展开更多
Photocatalysis(PC)and photoelectrocatalysis(PEC)represent promising and efficient avenues for harnessing solar energy to produce sustainable clean energy products and environmental remediation.Yet the current reaction...Photocatalysis(PC)and photoelectrocatalysis(PEC)represent promising and efficient avenues for harnessing solar energy to produce sustainable clean energy products and environmental remediation.Yet the current reaction efficiencies remain inadequate,limiting their efficiencies for practice.Despite the growing interest in photo thermal-driven PC/PEC systems,there is no comprehensive review that systematically summarises the role of the photothermal effect in bridging the gap between PC and PEC efficiencies.This review initially introduces the fundamental principles of PC and PEC,alongside the primary photothermal materials and relevant conversion mechanisms.Subsequently,the key influences of photothermal effects on PC and PEC performance(e.g.,light absorption,charge separation and transport,and surface reactions)and optimization strategies are discussed.In addition,the latest advancements in solar photothermal conversion are discussed,mainly focused on the widely application of different types of photothermal drive PC and PEC applications,such as PC and PEC oxygen evolution reaction(OER),hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),pollutant degradation,and sterilization,serving to illustrate the widespread applicability of the photothermal conversion.Finally,the development prospects and challenges of photothermal-assisted PC and PEC are discussed from the perspective of basic research and practical application.This work provides a timely and systematic framework to guide the rational design of photothermal-enhanced PC/PEC systems for sustainable energy and environmental applications.展开更多
Biochar has emerged as a promising tool for enhancing vineyard sustainability by improving soil properties and mitigating climate change impacts.This review highlights key findings on biochar’s role in viticulture,fo...Biochar has emerged as a promising tool for enhancing vineyard sustainability by improving soil properties and mitigating climate change impacts.This review highlights key findings on biochar’s role in viticulture,focusing on its effects on soil fertility,water retention,and plant physiology.Field and pot studies demonstrate that biochar amendments enhance soil structure,increase cation exchange capacity(CEC),and promote water availability,leading to improved drought resistance in grapevines.However,the impacts on grape yield,physiology,and quality remain inconclusive,with some studies reporting benefits while others show neutral effects.Future research should focus on optimizing biochar application rates,understanding its interactions with soil microbiota,and assessing long-term impacts on grape production and wine quality.Additionally,addressing potential risks,such as heavy metal contamination and changes in microbial communities,is crucial for its safe and effective use.This review aims to supply a comprehensive assessment of our knowledge about the incidence and consequences of biochar on soil,including its potential use in soil remediation and concerns regarding its possible negative impacts,with a focus on its effects on vine physiology and grape production.展开更多
The electrokinetic(EK)process has been proposed for soil decontamination from heavy metals and organic matter.The advantages of the EK process include the low operating energy,suitability for fine-grained soil deconta...The electrokinetic(EK)process has been proposed for soil decontamination from heavy metals and organic matter.The advantages of the EK process include the low operating energy,suitability for fine-grained soil decontamination,and no need for excavation.During the last three decades,enhanced and hybrid EK systems were developed and tested for improving the efficiency of contaminants removal from soils.Chemically enhanced-EK processes exhibited excellent efficiency in removing contaminants by controlling the soil pH or the chemical reaction of contaminants.EK hybrid systems were tested to overcome environmental hurdles or technical drawbacks of decontamination technologies.Hybridization of the EK process with phytoremediation,bioremediation,or reactive filtermedia(RFM)improved the remediation process performance by capturing contaminants or facilitating biological agents’movement in the soil.Also,EK process coupling with solar energy was proposed to treat off-grid contaminated soils or reduce the EK energy requirements.This study reviews recent advancements in the enhancement and hybrid EK systems for soil remediation and the type of contaminants targeted by the process.The study also covered the impact of operating parameters,imperfect pollution separation,and differences in the physicochemical characteristics and microstructure of soil/sediment on the EK performance.Finally,a comparison between various remediation processes was presented to highlight the pros and cons of these technologies.展开更多
Synthesizing highly efficient,low-toxicity catalysts for the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)contaminated soils is crucial.Nanoscale zero-valent iron(n-ZVI)is widely used in the treatment of pollut...Synthesizing highly efficient,low-toxicity catalysts for the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)contaminated soils is crucial.Nanoscale zero-valent iron(n-ZVI)is widely used in the treatment of pollutants due to its high catalytic activity.However,n-ZVI is prone to aggregation and passivation.Therefore,to design an environmentally friendly,efficient,and practical catalyst material,this study designed a nanoscale zero-valent iron-loaded biochar(BC)polyacrylic acid(PAA)composite materials.Biochar and polyacrylic acid can prevent the ag-gregation of zero-valent iron and provide a large number of functional groups.The iron on the carrier is uniformly distributed,exposing active sites and activating persulfate to remove anthracene(ANT)pollutants from the soil.The BC/PAA/Fe0 system can achieve an anthracene degradation efficiency of 93.7%in soil,and the degradation efficiency of anthracene remains around 90%under both acidic and alkaline con-$$ditions.Free radical capture experiments indicate that the degradation of anthracene proceeds through the radical pathways SO4,$OH,O2 and the non-radical pathway 1O2.In addition,possible degradation pathways for anthracene have been proposed.Plant planting experiments have shown that the catalyst designed in this study has low toxicity and has excellent application prospects in thefield of soil remediation.展开更多
Due to severe mass transfer limitations,the remediation efficiency of low-permeability contaminated sites often fails to meet expectations.Hydraulic fracturing technology has been utilized to enhance amendment deliver...Due to severe mass transfer limitations,the remediation efficiency of low-permeability contaminated sites often fails to meet expectations.Hydraulic fracturing technology has been utilized to enhance amendment delivery,but the influence of soil heterogeneity is commonly overlooked.To address this issue,this study develops a numerical model to simulate the enhanced transport of amendments,incorporating convection,diffusion,adsorption,and degradation processes.Within the model,random permeability fields are generated based on geostatistical methods to explore how soil heterogeneity affects amendment injection efficiency,distribution characteristics,and the underlying physical mechanisms.The results indicate that(1)soil heterogeneity significantly reduces the amendment injection efficiency,with stronger heterogeneity correlating to lower efficiency,(2)soil heterogeneity markedly alters the amendment distribution characteristics,leading to the formation of localized“nodes”,(3)the mechanism by which heterogeneity reduces injection efficiency involves decreasing the density of preferential flow paths in the soil,and(4)the adverse effects of heterogeneity can be mitigated by employing pressure compensation or adjusting well spacing.展开更多
The global concern surrounding the advancement of methods for treating wastewater and polluted soil has markedly increased over time.While electrochemical advanced oxidation processes(EAOPs)and biotreatments are commo...The global concern surrounding the advancement of methods for treating wastewater and polluted soil has markedly increased over time.While electrochemical advanced oxidation processes(EAOPs)and biotreatments are commonly employed technologies for remediating wastewater and polluted soil,their widespread adoption is hindered by their limitations,which include high costs associated with EAOPs and prolonged remediation time of biotreatments.In the review,we provided an overviewof EAOP technology and biotreatment,emphasizing the critical aspects involved in building a combined system.This review systematically evaluates recent research that combines EAOPswith bioremediation for treating wastewater or contaminated soil as pretreatment or post-treatment process.Research findings suggest that the combined treatment method represents a promising and competitive technology that can overcome some of the limitations of individual treatments.Additionally,we discussed the potential applications of this technology in varying levels of wastewater and soil pollution,as well as the underlying combination mechanisms.展开更多
In the published version of our article(Shaji et al.,2024),in the last paragraph of the article,Hong Kong should be corrected to Hong Kong(China)and the repetition of Spain and Ireland in the same sentence need to be ...In the published version of our article(Shaji et al.,2024),in the last paragraph of the article,Hong Kong should be corrected to Hong Kong(China)and the repetition of Spain and Ireland in the same sentence need to be deleted.The correct sentence is as below.展开更多
Cadmium(Cd)contamination of soil is a global environmental issue.Traditional remediation techniques such as immobilization,leaching,and phytoextraction have numerous shortcomings,which has led to growing interest in t...Cadmium(Cd)contamination of soil is a global environmental issue.Traditional remediation techniques such as immobilization,leaching,and phytoextraction have numerous shortcomings,which has led to growing interest in the development of low-cost,high-efficiency,and environmentally friendly agents for removing Cd from soil.In this study,four magnetite(Fe_(3)O_(4))/polyaniline(PANI)nanocomposites,Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.0)/PANI,Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI,Fe_(3)O_(4)(2.0)/PANI,and Fe_(3)O_(4)(2.5)/PANI,were developed using 4 mL aniline monomer and 1.0,1.5,2.0,and 2.5 g Fe_(3)O_(4),respectively,and used as remediation agents with magnetic separation and regeneration capabilities.The Cd adsorption isotherms showed a better fit to the Langmuir model,with Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI exhibiting the highest Cd adsorption capacity of 47.62 mg g^(-1) at 25℃.Then,Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI was used to remediate four Cd-contaminated soils typical in China(black,brown,cinnamon,and red),all with a Cd content of 180 mg kg^(-1) after spiking.The results showed that the total Cd removal efficiency was satisfactory at 25.25%–38.91%and the exchangeable Cd removal efficiency was 36.03%on average.In addition,soil basic properties did not show significant changes after remediation.Regarding the regeneration performance,a higher total Cd removal efficiency(27.89%–44.96%)was achieved after the first regeneration cycle of Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI.After two regeneration cycles,Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI exhibited decreased total Cd removal efficiency compared to after the first regeneration,but its efficiency remained above 95%of or higher than those of virgin Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI.The synthetic process of Fe_(3)O_(4)/PANI was simple and cost-effective,and Fe_(3)O_(4)/PANI exhibited a high Cd removal efficiency with easy recovery and recyclability.Therefore,Fe_(3)O_(4)/PANI is a promising solution for the sustainable and efficient remediation of Cd-contaminated soils,especially for the reclamation of highly contaminated development land.展开更多
Chemical leaching techniques have been proven effective in removing heavymetal contaminants fromsoil using various leaching agents.Previous research has shown that both singleagent and composite leaching systems have ...Chemical leaching techniques have been proven effective in removing heavymetal contaminants fromsoil using various leaching agents.Previous research has shown that both singleagent and composite leaching systems have been applied for the remediation of chromiumcontaminated soils,with varying degrees of success depending on soil type and contaminant form.However,the removal rate of total chromium(Cr)and hexavalent chromium(Cr(Ⅵ))often fluctuates based on the chemical composition of the leaching agents,as well as the soil’s physicochemical properties,such as pH and Cr speciation stability.Therefore,this study investigates the effectiveness of 20 composite leaching systems,including deionized water,lime water,calcium chloride,sodium carbonate,and sodium phosphate,through soil column leaching tests.The aim was to evaluate their impact on soil pH,total Cr,and Cr(Ⅵ)removal,and to examine the transformation of various Cr species during the leaching process.Results reveal that lime water and sodium phosphate were particularly effective in stabilizing Cr(Ⅵ)and neutralizing soil pH,while total Cr removal amount ranged from 197.4 mg/kg to 1671.6 mg/kg and Cr(Ⅵ)removal amount ranged from 113.2mg/kg to 316.8mg/kg.We also find that using 0.2 mol/L citric acid,0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid,and 1.2 mL/g lime solution adjusted soil pH to 7.37,with average removal efficiencies of 34.6%.for total Cr and 72.7%for Cr(Ⅵ).Overall,our results suggest that the combined use of lime water and sodium phosphate is an effective strategy for remediating chromium-contaminated soil,particularly for stabilizing unleached Cr and adjusting soil pH.展开更多
基金Sponsored by Binzhou University Research Fund(BZXYG1716)
文摘In this paper,different chemicals were added to sediments to control phosphorus release from river sediments by means of different dosing methods,thus reducing the concentration of organic pollutants in overlying water.Two remediators,aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride,were respectively added to six groups of experimental samples in three different covering methods,namely injection,mixing and tiling,and a control group was set up.The results showed that at the initially stationary phase of the experiment,the control effect of phosphorus release from sediments of mixing of aluminum sulfate was the most obvious,followed by tiling and injection into the mud;at the finally stationary phase of the experiment,the control effect of phosphorus release from sediments of injection of aluminum sulfate was the most obvious,followed by mixing and tiling.Under the same coverage,the inhibition effect of aluminum sulfate was more obvious than that of ferric chloride.This paper undertook research into the control effect of phosphorus release from sediments to provide a reference point for the control of water eutrophication in the days to come.
文摘Phytoremediation is a viable,effective,and economically attractive technology that uses plants to remove chemical contaminants from soil and groundwater.A major munitions contaminant,TNT(2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene)can be remediated by several plants such as Myriophyllum aquaticum(Parrot Feather),and Catharanthus roseus.This study focuses on screening plants that have natural antioxidant phytochemicals for their ability to remediate TNT,and heavy metals from contaminated water sources,groundwater and soil.Three kinds of bell peppers,Capsicum frutescens(green,red,and yellow),which contain both the antioxidant phytochemicals(carotene and vitamin C)and tomato,which also contains vitamin C,were tested to confirm their antioxidizing and remediation abilities respectively.Results for remediation abilities were analyzed by HPLC(High Performance Liquid Chromatography).Results also suggested that plants which had antioxidant properties were also able to remediate TNT and heavy metals effectively,thereby suggesting a possible correlation between antioxidant and phytoremediation abilities of the plants studied.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62141210)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.N2217005)+1 种基金Open Fund of State Key Lab.for Novel Software Technology,Nanjing University(KFKT2021B01)111 Project(B16009).
文摘Vulnerabilities are a known problem in modern Open Source Software(OSS).Most developers often rely on third-party libraries to accelerate feature implementation.However,these libraries may contain vulnerabilities that attackers can exploit to propagate malicious code,posing security risks to dependent projects.Existing research addresses these challenges through Software Composition Analysis(SCA)for vulnerability detection and remediation.Nevertheless,current solutions may introduce additional issues,such as incompatibilities,dependency conflicts,and additional vulnerabilities.To address this,we propose Vulnerability Scan and Protection(VulnScanPro),a robust solution for detection and remediation vulnerabilities in Java projects.Specifically,VulnScanPro builds a finegrained method graph to identify unreachable methods.The method graph is mapped to the project’s dependency tree,constructing a comprehensive vulnerability propagation graph that identifies unreachable vulnerable APIs and dependencies.Based on this analysis,we propose three solutions for vulnerability remediation:(1)Removing unreachable vulnerable dependencies,thereby resolving security risks and reducing maintenance overhead.(2)Upgrading vulnerable dependencies to the closest non-vulnerable versions,while pinning the versions of transitive dependencies introduced by the vulnerable dependency,in order to mitigate compatibility issues and prevent the introduction of new vulnerabilities.(3)Eliminating unreachable vulnerable APIs,particularly when security patches are either incompatible or absent.Experimental results show that these solutions effectively mitigate vulnerabilities and enhance the overall security of the project.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51602018 and 51902018)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(No.2154052)+3 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2014M560044)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-MP-20-22)USTB Research Center for International People-to-people Exchange in Science,Technology and Civilization(No.2022KFYB007)Education and Teaching Reform Foundation at University of Science and Technology Beijing(Nos.2023JGC027,KC2022QYW06,and KC2022TS09)。
文摘S and Co co-doped carbon catalysts were prepared via pyrolysis of MOF-71 and thiourea mixtures at 800℃at a mass ratio of MOF-71 to thiourea of 1:0.1 to effectively activate peroxymonosulfate(PMS)for methylene blue(MB)degradation.The effects of two different mixing routes were identified on the MB degradation performance.Particularly,the catalyst obtained by the alcohol solvent evaporation(MOF-AEP)mixing route could degrade 95.60%MB(50 mg/L)within 4 min(degradation rate:K=0.78 min^(-1)),which was faster than that derived from the direct grinding method(MOF-DGP,80.97%,K=0.39 min^(-1)).X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the Co-S content of MOF-AEP(43.39at%)was less than that of MOF-DGP(54.73at%),and the proportion of C-S-C in MOF-AEP(13.56at%)was higher than that of MOF-DGP(10.67at%).Density functional theory calculations revealed that the adsorption energy of Co for PMS was -2.94 eV when sulfur was doped as C-S-C on the carbon skeleton,which was higher than that when sulfur was doped next to cobalt in the form of Co-S bond(-2.86 eV).Thus,the C-S-C sites might provide more contributions to activate PMS compared with Co-S.Furthermore,the degradation parameters,including pH and MOF-AEP dosage,were investigated.Finally,radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)measurements revealed that ^(1)O_(2)might be the primary catalytic species,whereas·O~(2-)might be the secondary one in degrading MB.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52100184,and U22A20617).
文摘Controlling heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil has been a significant challenge.These heavy metals seriously threaten the surrounding ecological environment and human health.The effective assessment and remediation of heavy metals in agricultural soils are crucial.These two aspects support each other,forming a close and complete decisionmaking chain.Therefore,this review systematically summarizes the distribution characteristics of soil heavy metal pollution,the correlation between soil and crop heavy metal contents,the presence pattern and migration and transformation mode of heavy metals in the soil-crop system.The advantages and disadvantages of the risk evaluation tools and models of heavy metal pollution in farmland are further outlined,which provides important guidance for an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of heavymetal pollution in farmland soils and the assessment of the environmental risk.Soil remediation strategies involve multiple physical,chemical,biological and even combined technologies,and this paper compares the potential and effect of the above current remediation technologies in heavy metal polluted farmland soils.Finally,the main problems and possible research directions of future heavy metal risk assessment and remediation technologies in agricultural soils are prospected.This review provides new ideas for effective assessment and selection of remediation technologies based on the characterization of soil heavy metals.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for Central PublicWelfare Scientific Research Institutes of China(No.2021-JY-37)the Yellow River Basin Ecological Protection and High-quality Development Joint Study(Phase I)(No.2022-YRUC-01-0202).
文摘Pollution accident of nonferrous metallurgy industry often lead to serious heavy metal pollution of the surrounding soil.Phytoremediation of contaminated soil is an environmental and sustainable technology,and soil native microorganisms in the process of phytoremediation also participate in the remediation of heavy metals.However,the effects of high concentrations of multiple heavy metals(HCMHMs)on plants and native soil microorganisms remain uncertain.Thus,further clarification of themechanism of phytoremediation of HCMHMs soil by plants and native soil microorganisms is required.Using the plant Sedum alfredii(S.alfredii)to restore HCMHM-contaminated soil,we further explored the mechanism of S.alfredii and native soil microorganisms in the remediation of HCMHM soils.The results showed that(i)S.alfredii can promote heavy metals from non-rhizosphere soil to rhizosphere soil,which is conducive to the effect of plants on heavy metals.In addition,it can also enrich the absorbed heavy metals in its roots and leaves;(ii)native soil bacteria can increase the abundance of signal molecule-synthesizing enzymes,such as trpE,trpG,bjaI,rpfF,ACSL,and yidC,and promote the expression of the pathway that converts serine to cysteine,then synthesize substances to chelate heavy metals.In addition,we speculated that genes such as K19703,K07891,K09711,K19703,K07891,and K09711 in native bacteria may be involved in the stabilization or absorption of heavy metals.The results provide scientific basis for S.alfredii to remediate heavy metals contaminated soils,and confirm the potential of phytoremediation of HCMHM contaminated soil.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42177239 and 41991330)the“14th Five Year Plan”of Independent Deployment Project of Nanjing Institute of Soil Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.ISSASIP2213)。
文摘New pollutants have become a significant concern in China's efforts toward ecological and environmental protection.Trichloromethane(TCM,CHCl_3),one of these new pollutants,is primarily released into soil and groundwater through various industrial activities.Over the past four decades,researchers have consistently focused on the remediation of TCM-contaminated soil and groundwater using microorganisms and iron-based materials,which hold significant potential for practical application.Understanding the remediation process and the factors influencing TCM degradation through these two methods is crucial for advancing both theoretical research and practical implementation.This review focuses on the degradation mechanisms of TCM in soil and groundwater by microorganisms and iron-based materials.It summarizes the active microorganisms and modified iron-based materials with high TCM degradation capabilities,discusses enhancement measures for both methods in the remediation process,and finally,outlines the challenges faced by these methods.The goal is to provide theoretical references for efficient remediation of TCM-contaminated soil and groundwater.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32171615)the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFC1804102)。
文摘Agricultural soil is related to food security and human health,antibiotics and heavy metals(HMs),as two typical pollutants,possess a high coexistence rate in the environmental medium,which is extremely prone to inducing antibiotic-HMs combined pollution.Recently,frequent human activities have led to more prominent antibiotics-HMs combined contamination in agricultural soils,especially the production and spread of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),heavy metal resistance genes(MRGs),antibiotic resistant bacteria(ARB),and antibiotics-HMs complexes(AMCs),which seriously threaten soil ecology and human health.This review describes the main sources(Intrinsic and manmade sources),composite mechanisms(co-selective resistance,oxidative stress,and Joint toxicity mechanism),environmental fate and the potential risks(soil ecological and human health risks)of antibiotics and HMs in agricultural soils.Finally,the current effective source blocking,transmission control,and attenuation strategies are classified for discussion,such as the application of additives and barrier materials,as well as plant and animal remediation and bioremediation,etc.,pointing out that future research should focus on the whole chain process of“source-processterminal”,intending to provide a theoretical basis and decision-making reference for future research.
文摘Dibromoethane is a widespread,persistent organic pollutant.Biochars are known mediators of reductive dehalogenation by layered Fe^(Ⅱ)-Fe^(Ⅲ)hydroxides(green rust),which can reduce 1,2-dibromoethane to innocuous bromide and ethylene.However,the critical characteristics that determine mediator functionality are lesser known.Fifteen biochar substrates were pyrolyzed at 600℃and 800℃,characterized by elemental analysis,X-ray photo spectrometry C and N surface speciation,X-ray powder diffraction,specific surface area analysis,and tested for mediation of reductive debromination of 1,2-dibromoethane by a green rust reductant under anoxic conditions.A statistical analysis was performed to determine the biochar properties,critical for debromination kinetics and total debromination extent.It was shown that selected plant based biochars can mediate debromination of 1,2-dibromoethane,that the highest first order rate constant was 0.082/hr,and the highest debromination extent was 27%in reactivity experiments with 0.1μmol(20μmol/L)1,2-dibromoethane,≈22 mmol/L Fe^(Ⅱ)GR,and 0.12 g/L soybean meal biochar(7 days).Contents of Ni,Zn,N,and P,and the relative contribution of quinone surface functional groups were significantly(p<0.05)positively correlated with 1,2-dibromoethane debromination,while adsorption,specific surface area,and the relative contribution of pyridinic N oxide surface groups were significantly negatively correlated with debromination.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42471155,U2004181,and 41371092)partially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(No.LH2024D025)+2 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry,China(No.SKLFSE201917)the Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province,China(No.192102310503)the National Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province Office of Education,China(No.14B170007)。
文摘The contact between contaminant and washing solution is a fundamental factor that limits the contaminant removal efficiency of chemical washing.In this study,the magnetization technique was employed to improve the physicochemical properties of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA)solutions for the removal of lead(Pb)and cadmium(Cd)from a contaminated clayey soil.Furthermore,EDTA concentration,magnetization strength,and magnetization time were varied as parameters for enhancing the contact between contaminant and washing solution to improve remediation efficiency.The results showed that after magnetization,the viscosities,surface tensions,and contact angles of EDTA solutions decreased,whereas the electrical conductivity and pH increased.In particular,the viscosities of high-concentration EDTA solutions increased with increasing magnetic field strength and magnetization time.The magnetized EDTA solutions increased the maximum removal rates of Cd and Pb by 64.46% and 35.49%,respectively,compared to the unmagnetized EDTA solutions.The results highlighted the efficient metal removal by magnetized washing solutions due to the better contact between the washing solutions and the contaminants.The magnetic-enhanced soil washing method was proven to be efficient,cost-effective,and easily implementable for enhancing heavy metal removal.This study provides a valuable reference for improving the efficiency of chemical washing for heavy metal-contaminated clayey soils.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42030702,42307014,and 42077354)the Guangdong Foundation for Program of Science and Technology Research(No.2020B1212060048)+7 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M720847)the GDAS’Project of Science and Technology Development(Nos.2023GDASZH-2023010103,and 2020GDASYL-20200104017)the open competition program of top ten critical priorities of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation for the 14th Five-Year Plan of Guangdong Province(No.2022SDZG08)Research Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education(No.21C0788)National Key Technology R&D Program of China(No.2022YFD1700804)Guangdong Province Key Field R&D Project(No.2023B0202010027)Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project(No.2023B03J1286)the research platformwas also supported by Guangdong Science and Technology Infrastructure development(No.2019B121201004).
文摘Antimony(Sb)contamination in paddy fields can lead to its accumulation in rice grains,posing a threat to food safety.To address this issue,the combined use of zero-valent iron(ZVI)and biochar(BC)were applied to decrease the uptake of Sb in Sb-polluted soils,and their effects on Sb uptake from soil to rice grains were investigated.Our results showed that the combination treatment of 0.05%ZVI and 0.095%BC resulted in a significant decrease(42.8%)in Sb accumulation in rice grains that was comparably more efficient than that by 0.05%ZVI(decrease of 15.8%Sb accumulation)or 0.095%BC(decrease of 12.7%Sb accumulation)alone,demonstrating the synergistic effect of ZVI and BC on mitigating Sb uptake by rice plants.ZVI presence resulted in the formation of iron oxides in the soil and on root surfaces,and the S^(2-)/S_(2)^(2-)ascent also increased by 58.7%on day 75 compared with that of the control,facilitating the reduction of Sb(Ⅴ)to less mobile Sb(Ⅲ),thereby decreasing Sb accumulation in rice plants.BC initially increased themobility of Sb owing to its alkaline nature,whereas the electron shuttle properties of BC contributed to a decrease in Sbmobility.The abundance of the arsenite-reducing gene arrA ultimately increased by 203.2% on day 120 compared with the initial phase on day 5,and BC caused a remarkable increase in arrA gene abundance.This study revealed the synergistic mechanisms by combining ZVI and BC to mitigate Sb uptake by rice,which may be useful for the sustainable remediation of contaminated rice paddies.
基金partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21978276)。
文摘Photocatalysis(PC)and photoelectrocatalysis(PEC)represent promising and efficient avenues for harnessing solar energy to produce sustainable clean energy products and environmental remediation.Yet the current reaction efficiencies remain inadequate,limiting their efficiencies for practice.Despite the growing interest in photo thermal-driven PC/PEC systems,there is no comprehensive review that systematically summarises the role of the photothermal effect in bridging the gap between PC and PEC efficiencies.This review initially introduces the fundamental principles of PC and PEC,alongside the primary photothermal materials and relevant conversion mechanisms.Subsequently,the key influences of photothermal effects on PC and PEC performance(e.g.,light absorption,charge separation and transport,and surface reactions)and optimization strategies are discussed.In addition,the latest advancements in solar photothermal conversion are discussed,mainly focused on the widely application of different types of photothermal drive PC and PEC applications,such as PC and PEC oxygen evolution reaction(OER),hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),pollutant degradation,and sterilization,serving to illustrate the widespread applicability of the photothermal conversion.Finally,the development prospects and challenges of photothermal-assisted PC and PEC are discussed from the perspective of basic research and practical application.This work provides a timely and systematic framework to guide the rational design of photothermal-enhanced PC/PEC systems for sustainable energy and environmental applications.
文摘Biochar has emerged as a promising tool for enhancing vineyard sustainability by improving soil properties and mitigating climate change impacts.This review highlights key findings on biochar’s role in viticulture,focusing on its effects on soil fertility,water retention,and plant physiology.Field and pot studies demonstrate that biochar amendments enhance soil structure,increase cation exchange capacity(CEC),and promote water availability,leading to improved drought resistance in grapevines.However,the impacts on grape yield,physiology,and quality remain inconclusive,with some studies reporting benefits while others show neutral effects.Future research should focus on optimizing biochar application rates,understanding its interactions with soil microbiota,and assessing long-term impacts on grape production and wine quality.Additionally,addressing potential risks,such as heavy metal contamination and changes in microbial communities,is crucial for its safe and effective use.This review aims to supply a comprehensive assessment of our knowledge about the incidence and consequences of biochar on soil,including its potential use in soil remediation and concerns regarding its possible negative impacts,with a focus on its effects on vine physiology and grape production.
文摘The electrokinetic(EK)process has been proposed for soil decontamination from heavy metals and organic matter.The advantages of the EK process include the low operating energy,suitability for fine-grained soil decontamination,and no need for excavation.During the last three decades,enhanced and hybrid EK systems were developed and tested for improving the efficiency of contaminants removal from soils.Chemically enhanced-EK processes exhibited excellent efficiency in removing contaminants by controlling the soil pH or the chemical reaction of contaminants.EK hybrid systems were tested to overcome environmental hurdles or technical drawbacks of decontamination technologies.Hybridization of the EK process with phytoremediation,bioremediation,or reactive filtermedia(RFM)improved the remediation process performance by capturing contaminants or facilitating biological agents’movement in the soil.Also,EK process coupling with solar energy was proposed to treat off-grid contaminated soils or reduce the EK energy requirements.This study reviews recent advancements in the enhancement and hybrid EK systems for soil remediation and the type of contaminants targeted by the process.The study also covered the impact of operating parameters,imperfect pollution separation,and differences in the physicochemical characteristics and microstructure of soil/sediment on the EK performance.Finally,a comparison between various remediation processes was presented to highlight the pros and cons of these technologies.
基金support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22478267,22438009,U24A20535)Basic Research Program of Jiangsu province(BK20243002)+1 种基金Prospective Application Research Project of Suzhou(SYC2022042)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Synthesizing highly efficient,low-toxicity catalysts for the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)contaminated soils is crucial.Nanoscale zero-valent iron(n-ZVI)is widely used in the treatment of pollutants due to its high catalytic activity.However,n-ZVI is prone to aggregation and passivation.Therefore,to design an environmentally friendly,efficient,and practical catalyst material,this study designed a nanoscale zero-valent iron-loaded biochar(BC)polyacrylic acid(PAA)composite materials.Biochar and polyacrylic acid can prevent the ag-gregation of zero-valent iron and provide a large number of functional groups.The iron on the carrier is uniformly distributed,exposing active sites and activating persulfate to remove anthracene(ANT)pollutants from the soil.The BC/PAA/Fe0 system can achieve an anthracene degradation efficiency of 93.7%in soil,and the degradation efficiency of anthracene remains around 90%under both acidic and alkaline con-$$ditions.Free radical capture experiments indicate that the degradation of anthracene proceeds through the radical pathways SO4,$OH,O2 and the non-radical pathway 1O2.In addition,possible degradation pathways for anthracene have been proposed.Plant planting experiments have shown that the catalyst designed in this study has low toxicity and has excellent application prospects in thefield of soil remediation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42227804 and 42402279)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.24ZR1467500).
文摘Due to severe mass transfer limitations,the remediation efficiency of low-permeability contaminated sites often fails to meet expectations.Hydraulic fracturing technology has been utilized to enhance amendment delivery,but the influence of soil heterogeneity is commonly overlooked.To address this issue,this study develops a numerical model to simulate the enhanced transport of amendments,incorporating convection,diffusion,adsorption,and degradation processes.Within the model,random permeability fields are generated based on geostatistical methods to explore how soil heterogeneity affects amendment injection efficiency,distribution characteristics,and the underlying physical mechanisms.The results indicate that(1)soil heterogeneity significantly reduces the amendment injection efficiency,with stronger heterogeneity correlating to lower efficiency,(2)soil heterogeneity markedly alters the amendment distribution characteristics,leading to the formation of localized“nodes”,(3)the mechanism by which heterogeneity reduces injection efficiency involves decreasing the density of preferential flow paths in the soil,and(4)the adverse effects of heterogeneity can be mitigated by employing pressure compensation or adjusting well spacing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51709103)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(Nos.2018JJ3242 and 2021JJ30362)the Science and Technology Innovation Leading Plan of High Tech Industry in Hunan Province(No.2021GK4055).
文摘The global concern surrounding the advancement of methods for treating wastewater and polluted soil has markedly increased over time.While electrochemical advanced oxidation processes(EAOPs)and biotreatments are commonly employed technologies for remediating wastewater and polluted soil,their widespread adoption is hindered by their limitations,which include high costs associated with EAOPs and prolonged remediation time of biotreatments.In the review,we provided an overviewof EAOP technology and biotreatment,emphasizing the critical aspects involved in building a combined system.This review systematically evaluates recent research that combines EAOPswith bioremediation for treating wastewater or contaminated soil as pretreatment or post-treatment process.Research findings suggest that the combined treatment method represents a promising and competitive technology that can overcome some of the limitations of individual treatments.Additionally,we discussed the potential applications of this technology in varying levels of wastewater and soil pollution,as well as the underlying combination mechanisms.
文摘In the published version of our article(Shaji et al.,2024),in the last paragraph of the article,Hong Kong should be corrected to Hong Kong(China)and the repetition of Spain and Ireland in the same sentence need to be deleted.The correct sentence is as below.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41807116)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(Nos.2023J01418,2019J05035,and 2022N0024)+2 种基金the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China Metallurgical Geology Bureau(No.CMGBKY202301)the Independent Innovation Foundation of Tianjin University and Fuzhou University,China(No.TF2023-3)the Fuzhou University Testing Fund of Precious Apparatus,China(No.2023T014).
文摘Cadmium(Cd)contamination of soil is a global environmental issue.Traditional remediation techniques such as immobilization,leaching,and phytoextraction have numerous shortcomings,which has led to growing interest in the development of low-cost,high-efficiency,and environmentally friendly agents for removing Cd from soil.In this study,four magnetite(Fe_(3)O_(4))/polyaniline(PANI)nanocomposites,Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.0)/PANI,Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI,Fe_(3)O_(4)(2.0)/PANI,and Fe_(3)O_(4)(2.5)/PANI,were developed using 4 mL aniline monomer and 1.0,1.5,2.0,and 2.5 g Fe_(3)O_(4),respectively,and used as remediation agents with magnetic separation and regeneration capabilities.The Cd adsorption isotherms showed a better fit to the Langmuir model,with Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI exhibiting the highest Cd adsorption capacity of 47.62 mg g^(-1) at 25℃.Then,Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI was used to remediate four Cd-contaminated soils typical in China(black,brown,cinnamon,and red),all with a Cd content of 180 mg kg^(-1) after spiking.The results showed that the total Cd removal efficiency was satisfactory at 25.25%–38.91%and the exchangeable Cd removal efficiency was 36.03%on average.In addition,soil basic properties did not show significant changes after remediation.Regarding the regeneration performance,a higher total Cd removal efficiency(27.89%–44.96%)was achieved after the first regeneration cycle of Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI.After two regeneration cycles,Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI exhibited decreased total Cd removal efficiency compared to after the first regeneration,but its efficiency remained above 95%of or higher than those of virgin Fe_(3)O_(4)(1.5)/PANI.The synthetic process of Fe_(3)O_(4)/PANI was simple and cost-effective,and Fe_(3)O_(4)/PANI exhibited a high Cd removal efficiency with easy recovery and recyclability.Therefore,Fe_(3)O_(4)/PANI is a promising solution for the sustainable and efficient remediation of Cd-contaminated soils,especially for the reclamation of highly contaminated development land.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3707902)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M752168)+1 种基金Jiangsu Funding Programfor Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(No.2024ZB393)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42407126).
文摘Chemical leaching techniques have been proven effective in removing heavymetal contaminants fromsoil using various leaching agents.Previous research has shown that both singleagent and composite leaching systems have been applied for the remediation of chromiumcontaminated soils,with varying degrees of success depending on soil type and contaminant form.However,the removal rate of total chromium(Cr)and hexavalent chromium(Cr(Ⅵ))often fluctuates based on the chemical composition of the leaching agents,as well as the soil’s physicochemical properties,such as pH and Cr speciation stability.Therefore,this study investigates the effectiveness of 20 composite leaching systems,including deionized water,lime water,calcium chloride,sodium carbonate,and sodium phosphate,through soil column leaching tests.The aim was to evaluate their impact on soil pH,total Cr,and Cr(Ⅵ)removal,and to examine the transformation of various Cr species during the leaching process.Results reveal that lime water and sodium phosphate were particularly effective in stabilizing Cr(Ⅵ)and neutralizing soil pH,while total Cr removal amount ranged from 197.4 mg/kg to 1671.6 mg/kg and Cr(Ⅵ)removal amount ranged from 113.2mg/kg to 316.8mg/kg.We also find that using 0.2 mol/L citric acid,0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid,and 1.2 mL/g lime solution adjusted soil pH to 7.37,with average removal efficiencies of 34.6%.for total Cr and 72.7%for Cr(Ⅵ).Overall,our results suggest that the combined use of lime water and sodium phosphate is an effective strategy for remediating chromium-contaminated soil,particularly for stabilizing unleached Cr and adjusting soil pH.
