Antimicrobial peptides （AMPs）, as key immune effectors, play important roles in the innate immune system of invertebrates. Different types of AMPs, including Penaeidin, Crustin, ALF （anti- lipopolysaccharide factor...Antimicrobial peptides （AMPs）, as key immune effectors, play important roles in the innate immune system of invertebrates. Different types of AMPs, including Penaeidin, Crustin, ALF （anti- lipopolysaccharide factor） have been identified in different penaeid shrimp; however, systematic analyses on the function of different AMPs in shrimp responsive to different types of bacteria are very limited. In this study, we analyzed the expression profiles of AMPs in the Chinese shrimps, Fenneropenaeus chinensis, simultaneously by real-time RT-PCR （reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction） when shrimp were challenged with Micrococcus lysodeikticus （Gram-positive, G＋） or Hbrio anguillarium （Gram-negative, G-）. Different AMPs showed different expression profiles when shrimp were injected with one type of bacterium, and one AMP also showed different expression profiles when shrimp were challenged with different bacteria. Furthermore, the expression of these AMPs showed temporal expression profiles, suggesting that different AMPs function coordinately in bacteria-infected shrimp. An RNA interference approach was used to study the function of the Relish transcription factor in regulating the transcription of different AMPs. The current study showed that Relish could regulate the transcription of different AMPs in shrimp. Differential expression profiles of AMPs in shrimp injected with different types of bacteria indicated that a complicated antimicrobial response network existed in shrimp. These data contribute to our understanding of immunity in shrimp and may provide a strategy for the control of disease in shrimp.展开更多
Tucked away in our subconscious is an idyllic vision. We see ourselves on a long trip that spans the continent. We are traveling by train. Out the windows,
The regulation and maintenance of immune homeostasis are essential for animal survival,but the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood.Here,we used the model organism Drosophila melanogaster to uncover a potenti...The regulation and maintenance of immune homeostasis are essential for animal survival,but the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood.Here,we used the model organism Drosophila melanogaster to uncover a potential mechanism by which the nuclear factor-κB transcription factor Relish and miR-100 cooperatively regulate innate immune homeostasis.We first demonstrated in vitro and in vivo that miR-100 can negatively regulate the immune responses of the Imd pathway by inhibiting the expression of TAK1-associated binding protein 2(Tab2)gene.Second,we found that Relish,an important transcription factor in the Drosophila Imd pathway,could not only modulate the expressions of antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)to promote immune responses,but also bind to the promoter region of miR-100 and activate its transcription to inhibit immune responses.Third,the dynamic expression of genes profiling indicated that the Relish/miR-100/Tab2 regulatory axis could contribute to innate immune homeostasis in Drosophila.Together,our findings reveal the dual role of Relish in immune regulation,that is,Relish promotes the expression of AMPs to resist pathogen infection in the early immune response,while in the late immune stages,Relish readjusts the expression of miR-100 to negatively control immune responses to avoid excessive immunity thus maintaining immunohomeostasis.Meanwhile,our study provides a new perspective for further understanding the complex regulatory mechanism of immune homeostasis in animals.展开更多
目的采用加速溶剂萃取方法构建快速高效的小米多酚提取方法,并探究小米多酚类化合物的组成及滋味成分。方法采用加速溶剂萃取方法,以小米粉为原料,基于加速溶剂萃取仪,分析乙醇体积分数、萃取温度和萃取时间对提取的小米多酚含量的影响...目的采用加速溶剂萃取方法构建快速高效的小米多酚提取方法,并探究小米多酚类化合物的组成及滋味成分。方法采用加速溶剂萃取方法,以小米粉为原料,基于加速溶剂萃取仪,分析乙醇体积分数、萃取温度和萃取时间对提取的小米多酚含量的影响,并对提取工艺参数进行响应面优化,通过超高效液相色谱三重四极杆/线性离子阱质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometry,UPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS)对所得小米多酚的组成及滋味成分进行分析。结果加速溶剂萃取法提取小米多酚的最优工艺参数为:乙醇体积分数为59%、萃取时间10 min、萃取温度60℃,此条件下小米多酚含量达(2.90±0.01)mg/g。UPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS从小米中共鉴定出822种多酚类化合物,其中黄酮类化合物最多,占总多酚类化合物的47.20%;其次为酚酸类化合物,占42.09%。将822种多酚类化合物与滋味库进行对比,发现其中能够呈现滋味的有16种,分别是2-甲氧基-4-甲基苯酚、水杨酸、苯甲酸、苯甲酰胺、芥子酸、熊果苷、咖啡酸、没食子酸、苯醋酸乙酯、查尔酮、水飞蓟素、白杨素、杨梅素、槲皮素、6-甲基香豆素、双香豆素。结论以加速溶剂萃取法结合响应面分析提取小米多酚的方法是可行的,该方法简便省时,是小米提取多酚的有效途径。本研究系统地定性了小米多酚的组成成分及其种类,明确了部分多酚类化合物的滋味,为小米多酚的组成及小米滋味的研究提供一定的理论依据。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.31072203, 30230280)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest (No. 201103034)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2012CB114403)
文摘Antimicrobial peptides （AMPs）, as key immune effectors, play important roles in the innate immune system of invertebrates. Different types of AMPs, including Penaeidin, Crustin, ALF （anti- lipopolysaccharide factor） have been identified in different penaeid shrimp; however, systematic analyses on the function of different AMPs in shrimp responsive to different types of bacteria are very limited. In this study, we analyzed the expression profiles of AMPs in the Chinese shrimps, Fenneropenaeus chinensis, simultaneously by real-time RT-PCR （reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction） when shrimp were challenged with Micrococcus lysodeikticus （Gram-positive, G＋） or Hbrio anguillarium （Gram-negative, G-）. Different AMPs showed different expression profiles when shrimp were injected with one type of bacterium, and one AMP also showed different expression profiles when shrimp were challenged with different bacteria. Furthermore, the expression of these AMPs showed temporal expression profiles, suggesting that different AMPs function coordinately in bacteria-infected shrimp. An RNA interference approach was used to study the function of the Relish transcription factor in regulating the transcription of different AMPs. The current study showed that Relish could regulate the transcription of different AMPs in shrimp. Differential expression profiles of AMPs in shrimp injected with different types of bacteria indicated that a complicated antimicrobial response network existed in shrimp. These data contribute to our understanding of immunity in shrimp and may provide a strategy for the control of disease in shrimp.
文摘Tucked away in our subconscious is an idyllic vision. We see ourselves on a long trip that spans the continent. We are traveling by train. Out the windows,
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32370515 and31970477)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20231282)the Graduate Research and Innovation Projects of Jiangsu Province(KYCX22_1601).The funders had no role in study design,data collection and analysis,decision to publish,or preparation of the manuscript.
文摘The regulation and maintenance of immune homeostasis are essential for animal survival,but the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood.Here,we used the model organism Drosophila melanogaster to uncover a potential mechanism by which the nuclear factor-κB transcription factor Relish and miR-100 cooperatively regulate innate immune homeostasis.We first demonstrated in vitro and in vivo that miR-100 can negatively regulate the immune responses of the Imd pathway by inhibiting the expression of TAK1-associated binding protein 2(Tab2)gene.Second,we found that Relish,an important transcription factor in the Drosophila Imd pathway,could not only modulate the expressions of antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)to promote immune responses,but also bind to the promoter region of miR-100 and activate its transcription to inhibit immune responses.Third,the dynamic expression of genes profiling indicated that the Relish/miR-100/Tab2 regulatory axis could contribute to innate immune homeostasis in Drosophila.Together,our findings reveal the dual role of Relish in immune regulation,that is,Relish promotes the expression of AMPs to resist pathogen infection in the early immune response,while in the late immune stages,Relish readjusts the expression of miR-100 to negatively control immune responses to avoid excessive immunity thus maintaining immunohomeostasis.Meanwhile,our study provides a new perspective for further understanding the complex regulatory mechanism of immune homeostasis in animals.
文摘目的采用加速溶剂萃取方法构建快速高效的小米多酚提取方法,并探究小米多酚类化合物的组成及滋味成分。方法采用加速溶剂萃取方法,以小米粉为原料,基于加速溶剂萃取仪,分析乙醇体积分数、萃取温度和萃取时间对提取的小米多酚含量的影响,并对提取工艺参数进行响应面优化,通过超高效液相色谱三重四极杆/线性离子阱质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometry,UPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS)对所得小米多酚的组成及滋味成分进行分析。结果加速溶剂萃取法提取小米多酚的最优工艺参数为:乙醇体积分数为59%、萃取时间10 min、萃取温度60℃,此条件下小米多酚含量达(2.90±0.01)mg/g。UPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS从小米中共鉴定出822种多酚类化合物,其中黄酮类化合物最多,占总多酚类化合物的47.20%;其次为酚酸类化合物,占42.09%。将822种多酚类化合物与滋味库进行对比,发现其中能够呈现滋味的有16种,分别是2-甲氧基-4-甲基苯酚、水杨酸、苯甲酸、苯甲酰胺、芥子酸、熊果苷、咖啡酸、没食子酸、苯醋酸乙酯、查尔酮、水飞蓟素、白杨素、杨梅素、槲皮素、6-甲基香豆素、双香豆素。结论以加速溶剂萃取法结合响应面分析提取小米多酚的方法是可行的,该方法简便省时,是小米提取多酚的有效途径。本研究系统地定性了小米多酚的组成成分及其种类,明确了部分多酚类化合物的滋味,为小米多酚的组成及小米滋味的研究提供一定的理论依据。
