In order to develop biological control of aphids by a ＂push-pull＂ approach, intercropping using repellent emitting plants was developed in different crop and associated plant models. Garlic is one of the potential p...In order to develop biological control of aphids by a ＂push-pull＂ approach, intercropping using repellent emitting plants was developed in different crop and associated plant models. Garlic is one of the potential plant that could be inserted in crops to decrease the pest occurrence in neighboring crop plots. In this study, field works were conducted in wheat fields in Langfang Experimental Station, Hebei Province in China from October 2009 to July 2010 during wheat developmental season. The effect of wheat intercropping with garlic but also the volatiles emission on the incidence of the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae Fabricius （Homoptera： Aphididae） was assessed. Natural beneficial occurrence and global yields in two winter wheat varieties that were susceptible or resistant to cereal aphid were also determined comparing to control plots without the use of garlic plant intercrop nor semiochemical releaser in the fields. S. avenae was found to be lower in garlic oil blend treatment （GOB）, diallyl disulfide treatment （DD） and wheat-garlic intercropping treatment （WGI） when compared to the control plots for both two varieties （P〈0.01）. Both intercropping and application of volatile chemicals emitted by garlic could improve the population densities of natural enemies of cereal aphid, including ladybeetles and mummified aphids. Ladybeetle population density in WGI, GOB and mummified aphids densities in WGI, DD were significantly higher than those in control fields for both two varieties （P〈0.05）. There were significant interactions between cultivars and treatments to the population densities of S. avenae. The 1 000-grain weight and yield of wheat were also increased compared to the control. Due to their potential alternatives as a biological control agent against cereal aphid, garlic intercropping and related emitted volatiles are expected to contribute to the further improvement of integrated pest management systems and to potentially reduce the amount of traditional synthetic pesticides applied in wheat fields.展开更多
The electrochemical corrosion of ductile pipes(DPs)in drinking water distribution systems(DWDS)has a crucial impact on cement-mortar lining(CML)failure and metal release,potentially leading to drinking water quality d...The electrochemical corrosion of ductile pipes(DPs)in drinking water distribution systems(DWDS)has a crucial impact on cement-mortar lining(CML)failure and metal release,potentially leading to drinking water quality deterioration and posing a risk to public health.An in-situ scanning vibrating electrode technique(SVET)with micron-scale resolution,microscopic scale detection and water quality analysis were used to investigate the corrosion behavior and metal release from DPs throughout the whole CML failure process.Metal pollutants release occurred at three different stages of CML failure process,and there are potential risks of water quality deterioration exceeding the maximum allowable levels set by national standards in the partial failure stage and lining peeling stage.Furthermore,the effects of water chemistry(Cl^(−),SO_(4)^(2−),NO_(3)−,and Ca^(2+))on corrosion scale growth and iron release activity,were investigated during the CML partial failure stage.Results showed that the CML failure process in DPs was accelerated by the autocatalysis of localized corrosion.Cl^(−)was found to damage the uncorroded metal surface,while SO_(4)^(2−)mainly dissolved the corrosion scale surface,increasing iron release.Both the oxidation of NO_(3)−and selective sedimentation of Ca2+were found to enhance the stability of corrosion scales and inhibit iron release.展开更多
Vascular endothelial growth factor and its mimic peptide KLTWQELYQLKYKGI(QK)are widely used as the most potent angiogenic factors for the treatment of multiple ischemic diseases.However,conventional topical drug deliv...Vascular endothelial growth factor and its mimic peptide KLTWQELYQLKYKGI(QK)are widely used as the most potent angiogenic factors for the treatment of multiple ischemic diseases.However,conventional topical drug delivery often results in a burst release of the drug,leading to transient retention(inefficacy)and undesirable diffusion(toxicity)in vivo.Therefore,a drug delivery system that responds to changes in the microenvironment of tissue regeneration and controls vascular endothelial growth factor release is crucial to improve the treatment of ischemic stroke.Matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)is gradually upregulated after cerebral ischemia.Herein,vascular endothelial growth factor mimic peptide QK was self-assembled with MMP-2-cleaved peptide PLGLAG(TIMP)and customizable peptide amphiphilic(PA)molecules to construct nanofiber hydrogel PA-TIMP-QK.PA-TIMP-QK was found to control the delivery of QK by MMP-2 upregulation after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and had a similar biological activity with vascular endothelial growth factor in vitro.The results indicated that PA-TIMP-QK promoted neuronal survival,restored local blood circulation,reduced blood-brain barrier permeability,and restored motor function.These findings suggest that the self-assembling nanofiber hydrogel PA-TIMP-QK may provide an intelligent drug delivery system that responds to the microenvironment and promotes regeneration and repair after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.展开更多
During the development of the nervous system,there is an overproduction of neurons and synapses.Hebbian competition between neighboring nerve endings and synapses performing different activity levels leads to their el...During the development of the nervous system,there is an overproduction of neurons and synapses.Hebbian competition between neighboring nerve endings and synapses performing different activity levels leads to their elimination or strengthening.We have extensively studied the involvement of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-Tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor neurotrophic retrograde pathway,at the neuromuscular junction,in the axonal development and synapse elimination process versus the synapse consolidation.The purpose of this review is to describe the neurotrophic influence on developmental synapse elimination,in relation to other molecular pathways that we and others have found to regulate this process.In particular,we summarize our published results based on transmitter release analysis and axonal counts to show the different involvement of the presynaptic acetylcholine muscarinic autoreceptors,coupled to downstream serine-threonine protein kinases A and C(PKA and PKC)and voltage-gated calcium channels,at different nerve endings in developmental competition.The dynamic changes that occur simultaneously in several nerve terminals and synapses converge across a postsynaptic site,influence each other,and require careful studies to individualize the mechanisms of specific endings.We describe an activity-dependent balance(related to the extent of transmitter release)between the presynaptic muscarinic subtypes and the neurotrophin-mediated TrkB/p75NTR pathways that can influence the timing and fate of the competitive interactions between the different axon terminals.The downstream displacement of the PKA/PKC activity ratio to lower values,both in competing nerve terminals and at postsynaptic sites,plays a relevant role in controlling the elimination of supernumerary synapses.Finally,calcium entry through L-and P/Q-subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels(both channels are present,together with the N-type channel in developing nerve terminals)contributes to reduce transmitter release and promote withdrawal of the most unfavorable nerve terminals during elimination(the weakest in acetylcholine release and those that have already become silent).The main findings contribute to a better understanding of punishment-rewarding interactions between nerve endings during development.Identifying the molecular targets and signaling pathways that allow synapse consolidation or withdrawal of synapses in different situations is important for potential therapies in neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
Naturally degradable capsule provides a platform for sustained fragrance release.However,practical challenges such as low encapsulation efficiency and difficulty in sustained release are still limited in using fragran...Naturally degradable capsule provides a platform for sustained fragrance release.However,practical challenges such as low encapsulation efficiency and difficulty in sustained release are still limited in using fragranceloaded capsules.In this work,the natural materials sodium alginate and gelatine are dissolved and act as the aqueous phase,lavender is dissolved in caprylic/capric triglyceride(GTCC)as the oil phase,and SiO_(2) nanoparticles with neutralwettability as a solid emulsifier to form O/W Pickering emulsions simultaneously.Finally,multi-core capsules are prepared using the drop injection method with emulsions as templates.The results show that the capsules have been successfully prepared with a spherical morphology and multi-core structure,and the encapsulation rate of multi-core capsules can reach up to 99.6%.In addition,the multi-core capsules possess desirable sustained release performance,the cumulative sustained release rate of fragrance at 25℃over 49 days is only 32.5%.It is attributed to the significant protection of multi-core structure,Pickering emulsion nanoparticle membranes,and hydrogel network shell for encapsulated fragrance.This study is designed to deliver a new strategy for using sustained-release technology with fragrance in food,cosmetics,textiles,and other fields.展开更多
Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)represent a class of multifunctional hybrid materials distinguished by their tunable structural architectures,adjustable pore dimensions,and tailorable surface chemical functionalities,wh...Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)represent a class of multifunctional hybrid materials distinguished by their tunable structural architectures,adjustable pore dimensions,and tailorable surface chemical functionalities,which underpin their broad applicability across diverse domains.Within the cosmetics industry,MOFs exhibit significant application potential owing to their high thermal and chemical stability,substantial loading capacity,low biological toxicity,favorable luminescent characteristics,and robust catalytic activity,leading to their increasing deployment in various cosmetic-related applications.This article systematically outlines the structural features and functional properties of MOFs,emphasizing their suitability for integration into cosmetic systems.Furthermore,it provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in the utilization of MOFs in cosmetics,encompassing the detection of organic contaminants and metal ions,ultraviolet protection,encapsulation,and controlled release of volatile active ingredients,as well as targeted delivery of dermatological therapeutic agents.The structure-property-application relationships of MOFs are critically examined.Building upon the foundation of existing research,this study offers a comprehensive outlook on the future development of MOFs in the field of cosmetics.It presents several strategic perspectives,including an in-depth analysis of current application studies,the expansion of MOFs applications into additional cosmetic domains,the integration of multifunctional MOFs systems,the development of MOFs-based composite materials,and the scale-up of synthesis processes from laboratory-scale research to industrial production.It is expected that the present piece of paper can contribute valuable guidance for further exploration and practical implementation in this emerging field of cosmetics.展开更多
Zirconium,titanium,and other hexagonally close-packed(HCP)metals and their alloys are representative high specific strength,high reaction enthalpy,and high thermal conductivity structural materials.In this study,two t...Zirconium,titanium,and other hexagonally close-packed(HCP)metals and their alloys are representative high specific strength,high reaction enthalpy,and high thermal conductivity structural materials.In this study,two typical HCP metals,zirconium,and titanium,were applied to reactive materials(RMs)to prepare Zr/PTFE/W RMs and Ti/PTFE/W RMs,validating the feasibility of HCP metal/PTFE/W RMs.The impact response process of typical HCP metal/PTFE/W RMs under high-velocity dynamic loads was studied using shock equations of state(EOS)based on porous mixtures and chemical reaction kinetics equations.An improved hemispherical quasi-sealed test chamber was employed to measure the energy release characteristic curves of 10 types of Zr/PTFE/W RMs and Ti/PTFE/W RMs under impact velocities ranging from 500 m/s to 1300 m/s.The datasets of the impact-induced energy release characteristics of HCP metal/PTFE/W RMs were established.Additionally,the energy release efficiency of HCP metal/PTFE/W RMs under impact was predicted using the support vector regression(SVR)kernel function model.The datasets of Zr/PTFE/W RMs and Ti/PTFE/W RMs with W contents of 0%,25%,50%,and 75%were used as test sets,respectively.The model predictions showed a high degree of agreement with the experimental data,with mean absolute errors(MAE)of 4.8,6.5,4.6,and 4.1,respectively.展开更多
General anesthesia(GA)is a pharmacologically induced,reversible state characterized by unconsciousness,amnesia,analgesia,and immobility in response to noxious stimuli.Accumulating evidence from animal models has eluci...General anesthesia(GA)is a pharmacologically induced,reversible state characterized by unconsciousness,amnesia,analgesia,and immobility in response to noxious stimuli.Accumulating evidence from animal models has elucidated diverse mechanisms of the action underlying GA,including disruption of large-scale brain network connectivity,regulation of multiple neural pathways,and modulation of specific receptors and ion channels.Despite advances in dissecting the neurobiological basis of anesthetic action,the precise cellular and circuit-level processes remain incompletely understood,limiting the development of safer and more effective strategies.Recent studies in Drosophila melanogaster,a genetically tractable model organism offering robust genetic analysis,advanced imaging capabilities,and compact neural architecture,have yielded critical insights into the conserved neurobiological mechanisms of GA,offering translational value for mammalian systems.This review outlines:1)experimental paradigms used to evaluate anesthetic sensitivity and behavioral responses in Drosophila;2)molecular targets and their mechanistic roles in mediating GA;and 3)neural circuit architectures and activity patterns shared by GA and sleep.Cross-species comparisons are integrated to highlight conserved mechanisms that may guide the development of more refined anesthetic strategies.展开更多
Interstitial hypertension and extracellular matrix(ECM)barriers imposed by cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)at the tumor site significantly impede the retention of intratumorally administered oncolytic viruses(OVs)a...Interstitial hypertension and extracellular matrix(ECM)barriers imposed by cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)at the tumor site significantly impede the retention of intratumorally administered oncolytic viruses(OVs)as well as their efficacy in infecting and eradicating tumor cells.Herein,a stable,controllable,and easily prepared hydrogel was developed for employing a differential release strategy to deliver OVs.The oncolytic herpes simplex virus-2(oH2)particles were loaded within sodium alginate(ALG),together with the small molecule drug PT-100 targeting CAFs.The rapid release of PT-100 functions as an anti-CAFs agent,reducing ECM,and alleviating interstitial pressure at the tumor site.Consequently,the delayed release of oH2 could more effectively invade and eradicate tumor cells while also facilitating enhanced infiltration of immune cells into the tumor microenvironment,thereby establishing an immunologically favorable milieu against tumors.This approach holds significant potential for achieving highly efficient oncolytic virus therapy with minimal toxicity,particularly in tumors rich in stromal components.展开更多
Since 2023,the Spring Festival holiday tourism market has recovered significantly,and the market value has steadily increased.According to the newly revised Regulation on Public Holidays for National Annual Festivals ...Since 2023,the Spring Festival holiday tourism market has recovered significantly,and the market value has steadily increased.According to the newly revised Regulation on Public Holidays for National Annual Festivals and Memorial Days and some holiday arrangements in 2025,since 2025,New Year’s Eve has been included as a statutory holiday,and the benefits of increasing the Spring Festival holiday to 8 days have further ignited everyone’s enthusiasm for Spring Festival travel.展开更多
C-glycosides have been demonstrated to have distinct biological functions and therefore display notable pharmacological values,whereas the access to the versatile structural analog of C-glycosides is a significant cha...C-glycosides have been demonstrated to have distinct biological functions and therefore display notable pharmacological values,whereas the access to the versatile structural analog of C-glycosides is a significant challenge to their advancement as therapeutic agents.We herein disclose a facial and efficient catalytic C-glycosylation using a glycosyl ortho-2,2-dimethoxycarbony lcyclopropylbenzoate(CCBz)as the donor.The trailblazing glycosyl donor can be simply activated by a non-toxic and easily accessible Sc(Ⅲ)catalyst.The ring-strain release of the incorporated donor-acceptor cyclopropane(DAC)serves as a powerful driving force of the glycosylation system.The adaptability of current methods to different types of donors and acceptors was exemplified.Examinations on the synthetic potential were done with the one-pot synthesis of free C-indolyl-glycosides and the subsequent biological studies,unlocking the antibacterial potentials of these compounds.展开更多
Pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum (Leeke) R. Br, is the main cereal crop in Niger. This crop is seriously attacked by the millet Head miner (MHM), Heliocheilus albipunctella (de Joannis) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) causin...Pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum (Leeke) R. Br, is the main cereal crop in Niger. This crop is seriously attacked by the millet Head miner (MHM), Heliocheilus albipunctella (de Joannis) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) causing significant yield losses. This study to optimize biological control of this pest was carried out in Niger in the laboratory and in a farming environment. In the laboratory, the larval paralysis and emergence of the parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were compared between release jute bags, plastic boxes and cardboard boxes. In a farming environment, direct releases were carried out with plastic boxes and releases with jute bags in 12 villages of the Maradi region during the cropping seasons of 2021 and 2022. The results indicated that 25 larvae of Corcyra cephalonica Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in the boxes were all paralyzed by 2 females of H. hebetor within 7 hours 30 minutes. The emergence of adults began on the 7th day after the beginning of the experiment for a period of two weeks and three weeks respectively in the boxes and jute bags. The production varied from 107.08 to 110.17 parasitoids and was comparable between the Jute bags, plastic boxes and cardboard boxes. In Farmers’ fields, the parasitoid release with the two methods caused the parasitism rates that varied from 64.32 to 66.52% depending on the year but in 2022 the rate of parasitism was higher in the fields with direct releases using plastic boxes (72.66%) compared to those released with jute bags (56.35%). Plastic boxes and cardboard boxes can be used for the production of the H. hebetor parasitoids. These results can be recommended to the cottage industries in the Sahel in order to improve the production and release methods of H. hebetor and make them more adapted to farmers’ fields.展开更多
Nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems(nDDSs)present significant opportunities for improving disease treatment,offering advantages in drug encapsulation,solubilization,stability enhancement,and optimized pharmacokine...Nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems(nDDSs)present significant opportunities for improving disease treatment,offering advantages in drug encapsulation,solubilization,stability enhancement,and optimized pharmacokinetics and biodistribution.n DDSs,comprising lipid,polymeric,protein,and inorganic nanovehicles,can be guided by or respond to biological cues for precise disease treatment and management.Equipping nanocarriers with tissue/celltargeted ligands enables effective navigation in complex environments,while functionalization with stimuli-responsive moieties facilitates site-specific controlled release.These strategies enhance drug delivery efficiency,augment therapeutic efficacy,and reduce side effects.This article reviews recent strategies and ongoing advancements in n DDSs for targeted drug delivery and controlled release,examining lesion-targeted nanomedicines through surface modification with small molecules,peptides,antibodies,carbohydrates,or cell membranes,and controlled-release nanocarriers responding to endogenous signals such as pH,redox conditions,enzymes,or external triggers like light,temperature,and magnetism.The article also discusses perspectives on future developments.展开更多
On February 21,China Institute of International Studies (CIIS) released the special research report"China-Russia Relations in the New Era."Assistant Minister of Foreign Affairs Liu Bin and Russian Ambassador...On February 21,China Institute of International Studies (CIIS) released the special research report"China-Russia Relations in the New Era."Assistant Minister of Foreign Affairs Liu Bin and Russian Ambassador to China Igor Morgulov attended the release conference and delivered speeches.CIIS President Chen Bo presided over the event and introduced the main content of the report.展开更多
Eutrophication is a significant challenge for surface water,with sediment phosphorus(P)release being a key contributor.Although biological aluminum-based P-inactivation agent(BA-PIA)has shown effectiveness in controll...Eutrophication is a significant challenge for surface water,with sediment phosphorus(P)release being a key contributor.Although biological aluminum-based P-inactivation agent(BA-PIA)has shown effectiveness in controlling P release from sediment,the efficiency and mechanism by BA-PIA capping is still not fully understood.This study explored the efficiency and mechanism of using BA-PIA capping controlling P release from sediment.The main mechanisms controlling P release from sediment via BA-PIA capping involved transforming mobile and less stable fractions into stable ones,passivating DGT-labile P and establishing a 13 mm’P static layer’within the sediment.Additionally,BA-PIA’s impact on Fe redox processes significantly influenced P release from the sediment.After BA-PIA capping,notable reductionswere observed in total P,soluble reactive P(SRP),and diffusive gradient in thin-films(DGT)-measured labile P(DGT-labile P)concentration in the overlying water,with reduction rates of 95.6%,92.7%,and 96.5%,respectively.After BA-PIA capping,the diffusion flux of SRP across the sediment-water interface and the apparent P diffusion flux decreased by 91.3%and 97.8%,respectively.Additionally,BA-PIA capping led to reduced concentrations of SRP,DGT-labile P,and DGT-measured labile Fe(II)in the sediment interstitial water.Notably,BA-PIA capping significantly reduced P content and facilitated transformation in the 0∼30 mm sediment layers but not in the 30∼45 mm and 45∼60 mm sediment layers for NaOH-extractable inorganic P and HCl-extracted P.These findings offer a theoretical basis and technical support for the practical application of BA-PIA capping to control P release from sediment.展开更多
The induction of antitumor immunity by tumor antigens released from cancer cells following regional photothermal therapy(PTT)alone may not be adequate for achieving complete tumor elimination.Combination therapy with ...The induction of antitumor immunity by tumor antigens released from cancer cells following regional photothermal therapy(PTT)alone may not be adequate for achieving complete tumor elimination.Combination therapy with immune adjuvants enhances antitumor immune responses,but faces challenges such as targeting deficiencies,systemic toxicity,and uncontrolled release behavior.Herein,we introduce a novel dual-functional hybrid membrane nanoparticle(HM-NP)incorporating gold nanorods(GNRs)and a thermally responsive polymer shell.HM-NP demonstrates exceptional homotypic targeting efficacy beneath the tumor cell membrane(TM),leading to substantial tumor accumulation.Upon in situ near-infrared(NIR)stimulation,GNRs within HM-NP generate heat,triggering the burst release of HM by facilitating the contraction and disintegration of the thermally responsive polymer shell.HM-NP exhibits excellent photothermal conversion efficiency under NIR irradiation,enabling effective destruction of primary tumors,release of tumor-associated antigens,and stimulation of potent anti-cancer immune.Simultaneously,the immune responses are strengthened by TM and Escherichia coli membrane(EM)through promoting the maturation of antigen presenting cells(APCs)and activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs).Moreover,the use of polymer shells enables efficient cancer therapy with minimal host clearance and adverse effects.This photothermally triggered immunotherapy holds promise for precise and personalized treatment of tumors.展开更多
DeepSeek’s stunning release of an AI model that can rival ChatGPT at a fraction of the cost and time shows the power of Chinese innovation and lifts up the Global South.
Nifedipine(NF),a widely prescribed antihypertensive agent,necessitates long-term administration to maintain therapeutic efficacy.Although osmotic pump formulations,such as Bayer’s Adalat^(®),are well-established...Nifedipine(NF),a widely prescribed antihypertensive agent,necessitates long-term administration to maintain therapeutic efficacy.Although osmotic pump formulations,such as Bayer’s Adalat^(®),are well-established for achieving zero-order drug release,their complex manufacturing requirements significantly elevate production costs.In this study,we employed mesoporous silica as a drug carrier for nifedipine and incorporated it with an organic polymer matrix to construct an organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite(OIN).This nanostructured system demonstrated robust sustained-release properties in both in vitro and in vivo evaluations,with the in vitro release profile exhibiting classical first-order kinetics.To further optimize the release behavior,we combined OIN with conventional tablet-forming techniques to create an oral nanocomposite system(ONS)capable of achieving near-zero-order release.Remarkably,the cumulative release profiles of ONS closely mirrored those of the commercially available Adalat^(®)osmotic formulation across multiple time points.Moreover,we conducted a theoretical analysis of the release mechanisms underlying both OIN and ONS systems,offering novel mechanistic insights that could inform the future design of advanced sustained-release drug delivery platforms.展开更多
Climate warming has intensified the global hydrological cycle,amplifying the differences in precipitation and soil moisture between arid and humid areas.Such a change under regional drought may alter nitrogen(N)and ph...Climate warming has intensified the global hydrological cycle,amplifying the differences in precipitation and soil moisture between arid and humid areas.Such a change under regional drought may alter nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)releases during litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems,but how these biogeochemical processes respond to drought differently between arid and humid areas remains unclear.Here,we compiled 259 and 138 paired observations(with and without drought conditions)to assess the global variations in the drought effects on N and P releases during litter decomposition between arid(aridity index<0.5)and humid(aridity index>0.5)areas.Litter N release increased under drought in both arid(0.35%)and humid(3.62%)areas,and P release decreased by 7.32%in arid areas but increased by 2.22%in humid areas under drought.These changes in N and P releases from decomposing litter were positively correlated with drought duration in arid areas,dependent on microclimate,edaphic factors,and litter quality.Our findings highlight the contrasting effects of drought on litter N and P releases between arid and humid ecosystems,and this differential influence will greatly improve our capability to evaluate and forecast nutrient cycling during litter decomposition under different precipitation patterns.展开更多
Phosphorus(P)is crucial for crop growth.However,in waters,P is considered as contaminant due to its role in causing eutrophication and algae blooms.Therefore,recovering P from wastewater is essential for sustainable P...Phosphorus(P)is crucial for crop growth.However,in waters,P is considered as contaminant due to its role in causing eutrophication and algae blooms.Therefore,recovering P from wastewater is essential for sustainable P management.This study investigated the removal of P from aqueous solutions using bioinspired poly(ethylenimine)-poly(acrylamideco-acrylic acid)(PEI-PAMcoAA)coacervates.In detail,we investigated various parameters affecting P removal,including the ratio of PEI to PAMcoAA(ranging from 1:2 to 3:1,stoichiometry ratio of NH_(2) to COOH),pH(5.0-8.0)of P-containing solutions,initial P concentration(0.05-5 mmol/L),and the addition of calcium(Ca,0.1-5 mmol/L).We found that increasing the PEI:PAMcoAA ratio from1:2 to 3:1 significantly enhanced P removal efficiency,increasing from 47.21%to 95.44%.Under neutral pH conditions without calcium(Ca),PEI-PAMcoAA coacervates demonstrated optimal P removal capabilities(achieving an efficiency of 77.96%)through electrostatic adsorption.In contrast,the addition of Ca under alkaline conditions markedly improved P removal efficiency,increasing it from 64.16%to 82.42%.Detailed analyses of P within the coacervates indicated that Ca facilitates P precipitation and provides additional binding sites.These findings demonstrated that PEI-(Ca)-PAMcoAA coacervates show promise for efficiently removing P,particularly at low P concentrations.After the Premoval,the immobilized P can potentially be reused directly,as P able to be released from the reacted products.Therefore,the reacted coacervates could serve as a non-toxic fertilizer.Given its simplicity,high efficiency,and environmental friendliness,P removal based on bioinspired coacervates represents a low-hanging fruit in the pursuit of sustainable P management.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Cooperation Project between Belgium and China (CUD\PIC Shandong, 2010DFA32810)
文摘In order to develop biological control of aphids by a ＂push-pull＂ approach, intercropping using repellent emitting plants was developed in different crop and associated plant models. Garlic is one of the potential plant that could be inserted in crops to decrease the pest occurrence in neighboring crop plots. In this study, field works were conducted in wheat fields in Langfang Experimental Station, Hebei Province in China from October 2009 to July 2010 during wheat developmental season. The effect of wheat intercropping with garlic but also the volatiles emission on the incidence of the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae Fabricius （Homoptera： Aphididae） was assessed. Natural beneficial occurrence and global yields in two winter wheat varieties that were susceptible or resistant to cereal aphid were also determined comparing to control plots without the use of garlic plant intercrop nor semiochemical releaser in the fields. S. avenae was found to be lower in garlic oil blend treatment （GOB）, diallyl disulfide treatment （DD） and wheat-garlic intercropping treatment （WGI） when compared to the control plots for both two varieties （P〈0.01）. Both intercropping and application of volatile chemicals emitted by garlic could improve the population densities of natural enemies of cereal aphid, including ladybeetles and mummified aphids. Ladybeetle population density in WGI, GOB and mummified aphids densities in WGI, DD were significantly higher than those in control fields for both two varieties （P〈0.05）. There were significant interactions between cultivars and treatments to the population densities of S. avenae. The 1 000-grain weight and yield of wheat were also increased compared to the control. Due to their potential alternatives as a biological control agent against cereal aphid, garlic intercropping and related emitted volatiles are expected to contribute to the further improvement of integrated pest management systems and to potentially reduce the amount of traditional synthetic pesticides applied in wheat fields.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51808158,52170101,and 52200116)Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(No.23JCYBJC00640).
文摘The electrochemical corrosion of ductile pipes(DPs)in drinking water distribution systems(DWDS)has a crucial impact on cement-mortar lining(CML)failure and metal release,potentially leading to drinking water quality deterioration and posing a risk to public health.An in-situ scanning vibrating electrode technique(SVET)with micron-scale resolution,microscopic scale detection and water quality analysis were used to investigate the corrosion behavior and metal release from DPs throughout the whole CML failure process.Metal pollutants release occurred at three different stages of CML failure process,and there are potential risks of water quality deterioration exceeding the maximum allowable levels set by national standards in the partial failure stage and lining peeling stage.Furthermore,the effects of water chemistry(Cl^(−),SO_(4)^(2−),NO_(3)−,and Ca^(2+))on corrosion scale growth and iron release activity,were investigated during the CML partial failure stage.Results showed that the CML failure process in DPs was accelerated by the autocatalysis of localized corrosion.Cl^(−)was found to damage the uncorroded metal surface,while SO_(4)^(2−)mainly dissolved the corrosion scale surface,increasing iron release.Both the oxidation of NO_(3)−and selective sedimentation of Ca2+were found to enhance the stability of corrosion scales and inhibit iron release.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2023MC168the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31670989the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,No.2019GSF107037(all to CS).
文摘Vascular endothelial growth factor and its mimic peptide KLTWQELYQLKYKGI(QK)are widely used as the most potent angiogenic factors for the treatment of multiple ischemic diseases.However,conventional topical drug delivery often results in a burst release of the drug,leading to transient retention(inefficacy)and undesirable diffusion(toxicity)in vivo.Therefore,a drug delivery system that responds to changes in the microenvironment of tissue regeneration and controls vascular endothelial growth factor release is crucial to improve the treatment of ischemic stroke.Matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)is gradually upregulated after cerebral ischemia.Herein,vascular endothelial growth factor mimic peptide QK was self-assembled with MMP-2-cleaved peptide PLGLAG(TIMP)and customizable peptide amphiphilic(PA)molecules to construct nanofiber hydrogel PA-TIMP-QK.PA-TIMP-QK was found to control the delivery of QK by MMP-2 upregulation after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and had a similar biological activity with vascular endothelial growth factor in vitro.The results indicated that PA-TIMP-QK promoted neuronal survival,restored local blood circulation,reduced blood-brain barrier permeability,and restored motor function.These findings suggest that the self-assembling nanofiber hydrogel PA-TIMP-QK may provide an intelligent drug delivery system that responds to the microenvironment and promotes regeneration and repair after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
基金supported by Catalan Government,Nos.2014SGR344(to JT),2017SGR704(to JT),2021SGR01214(to MAL)MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/by“ERDF A way of making Europe,”Nos.SAF2015-67143(to JT),PID2019-106332GB-I00(to JT and MAL)and PID2022-141252NB-I00(to MAL).
文摘During the development of the nervous system,there is an overproduction of neurons and synapses.Hebbian competition between neighboring nerve endings and synapses performing different activity levels leads to their elimination or strengthening.We have extensively studied the involvement of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-Tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor neurotrophic retrograde pathway,at the neuromuscular junction,in the axonal development and synapse elimination process versus the synapse consolidation.The purpose of this review is to describe the neurotrophic influence on developmental synapse elimination,in relation to other molecular pathways that we and others have found to regulate this process.In particular,we summarize our published results based on transmitter release analysis and axonal counts to show the different involvement of the presynaptic acetylcholine muscarinic autoreceptors,coupled to downstream serine-threonine protein kinases A and C(PKA and PKC)and voltage-gated calcium channels,at different nerve endings in developmental competition.The dynamic changes that occur simultaneously in several nerve terminals and synapses converge across a postsynaptic site,influence each other,and require careful studies to individualize the mechanisms of specific endings.We describe an activity-dependent balance(related to the extent of transmitter release)between the presynaptic muscarinic subtypes and the neurotrophin-mediated TrkB/p75NTR pathways that can influence the timing and fate of the competitive interactions between the different axon terminals.The downstream displacement of the PKA/PKC activity ratio to lower values,both in competing nerve terminals and at postsynaptic sites,plays a relevant role in controlling the elimination of supernumerary synapses.Finally,calcium entry through L-and P/Q-subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels(both channels are present,together with the N-type channel in developing nerve terminals)contributes to reduce transmitter release and promote withdrawal of the most unfavorable nerve terminals during elimination(the weakest in acetylcholine release and those that have already become silent).The main findings contribute to a better understanding of punishment-rewarding interactions between nerve endings during development.Identifying the molecular targets and signaling pathways that allow synapse consolidation or withdrawal of synapses in different situations is important for potential therapies in neurodegenerative diseases.
文摘Naturally degradable capsule provides a platform for sustained fragrance release.However,practical challenges such as low encapsulation efficiency and difficulty in sustained release are still limited in using fragranceloaded capsules.In this work,the natural materials sodium alginate and gelatine are dissolved and act as the aqueous phase,lavender is dissolved in caprylic/capric triglyceride(GTCC)as the oil phase,and SiO_(2) nanoparticles with neutralwettability as a solid emulsifier to form O/W Pickering emulsions simultaneously.Finally,multi-core capsules are prepared using the drop injection method with emulsions as templates.The results show that the capsules have been successfully prepared with a spherical morphology and multi-core structure,and the encapsulation rate of multi-core capsules can reach up to 99.6%.In addition,the multi-core capsules possess desirable sustained release performance,the cumulative sustained release rate of fragrance at 25℃over 49 days is only 32.5%.It is attributed to the significant protection of multi-core structure,Pickering emulsion nanoparticle membranes,and hydrogel network shell for encapsulated fragrance.This study is designed to deliver a new strategy for using sustained-release technology with fragrance in food,cosmetics,textiles,and other fields.
文摘Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)represent a class of multifunctional hybrid materials distinguished by their tunable structural architectures,adjustable pore dimensions,and tailorable surface chemical functionalities,which underpin their broad applicability across diverse domains.Within the cosmetics industry,MOFs exhibit significant application potential owing to their high thermal and chemical stability,substantial loading capacity,low biological toxicity,favorable luminescent characteristics,and robust catalytic activity,leading to their increasing deployment in various cosmetic-related applications.This article systematically outlines the structural features and functional properties of MOFs,emphasizing their suitability for integration into cosmetic systems.Furthermore,it provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in the utilization of MOFs in cosmetics,encompassing the detection of organic contaminants and metal ions,ultraviolet protection,encapsulation,and controlled release of volatile active ingredients,as well as targeted delivery of dermatological therapeutic agents.The structure-property-application relationships of MOFs are critically examined.Building upon the foundation of existing research,this study offers a comprehensive outlook on the future development of MOFs in the field of cosmetics.It presents several strategic perspectives,including an in-depth analysis of current application studies,the expansion of MOFs applications into additional cosmetic domains,the integration of multifunctional MOFs systems,the development of MOFs-based composite materials,and the scale-up of synthesis processes from laboratory-scale research to industrial production.It is expected that the present piece of paper can contribute valuable guidance for further exploration and practical implementation in this emerging field of cosmetics.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2241285,62201267)。
文摘Zirconium,titanium,and other hexagonally close-packed(HCP)metals and their alloys are representative high specific strength,high reaction enthalpy,and high thermal conductivity structural materials.In this study,two typical HCP metals,zirconium,and titanium,were applied to reactive materials(RMs)to prepare Zr/PTFE/W RMs and Ti/PTFE/W RMs,validating the feasibility of HCP metal/PTFE/W RMs.The impact response process of typical HCP metal/PTFE/W RMs under high-velocity dynamic loads was studied using shock equations of state(EOS)based on porous mixtures and chemical reaction kinetics equations.An improved hemispherical quasi-sealed test chamber was employed to measure the energy release characteristic curves of 10 types of Zr/PTFE/W RMs and Ti/PTFE/W RMs under impact velocities ranging from 500 m/s to 1300 m/s.The datasets of the impact-induced energy release characteristics of HCP metal/PTFE/W RMs were established.Additionally,the energy release efficiency of HCP metal/PTFE/W RMs under impact was predicted using the support vector regression(SVR)kernel function model.The datasets of Zr/PTFE/W RMs and Ti/PTFE/W RMs with W contents of 0%,25%,50%,and 75%were used as test sets,respectively.The model predictions showed a high degree of agreement with the experimental data,with mean absolute errors(MAE)of 4.8,6.5,4.6,and 4.1,respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371063,82341288,32071009)to C.L.Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515011500)to C.L.
文摘General anesthesia(GA)is a pharmacologically induced,reversible state characterized by unconsciousness,amnesia,analgesia,and immobility in response to noxious stimuli.Accumulating evidence from animal models has elucidated diverse mechanisms of the action underlying GA,including disruption of large-scale brain network connectivity,regulation of multiple neural pathways,and modulation of specific receptors and ion channels.Despite advances in dissecting the neurobiological basis of anesthetic action,the precise cellular and circuit-level processes remain incompletely understood,limiting the development of safer and more effective strategies.Recent studies in Drosophila melanogaster,a genetically tractable model organism offering robust genetic analysis,advanced imaging capabilities,and compact neural architecture,have yielded critical insights into the conserved neurobiological mechanisms of GA,offering translational value for mammalian systems.This review outlines:1)experimental paradigms used to evaluate anesthetic sensitivity and behavioral responses in Drosophila;2)molecular targets and their mechanistic roles in mediating GA;and 3)neural circuit architectures and activity patterns shared by GA and sleep.Cross-species comparisons are integrated to highlight conserved mechanisms that may guide the development of more refined anesthetic strategies.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC2403401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82073368,82303766)+2 种基金the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC2007071)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M743908)the Joint Program of Science and Technology Program of Liaoning Province(No.2023JH2/101700094).
文摘Interstitial hypertension and extracellular matrix(ECM)barriers imposed by cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)at the tumor site significantly impede the retention of intratumorally administered oncolytic viruses(OVs)as well as their efficacy in infecting and eradicating tumor cells.Herein,a stable,controllable,and easily prepared hydrogel was developed for employing a differential release strategy to deliver OVs.The oncolytic herpes simplex virus-2(oH2)particles were loaded within sodium alginate(ALG),together with the small molecule drug PT-100 targeting CAFs.The rapid release of PT-100 functions as an anti-CAFs agent,reducing ECM,and alleviating interstitial pressure at the tumor site.Consequently,the delayed release of oH2 could more effectively invade and eradicate tumor cells while also facilitating enhanced infiltration of immune cells into the tumor microenvironment,thereby establishing an immunologically favorable milieu against tumors.This approach holds significant potential for achieving highly efficient oncolytic virus therapy with minimal toxicity,particularly in tumors rich in stromal components.
文摘Since 2023,the Spring Festival holiday tourism market has recovered significantly,and the market value has steadily increased.According to the newly revised Regulation on Public Holidays for National Annual Festivals and Memorial Days and some holiday arrangements in 2025,since 2025,New Year’s Eve has been included as a statutory holiday,and the benefits of increasing the Spring Festival holiday to 8 days have further ignited everyone’s enthusiasm for Spring Festival travel.
基金Ministry of Education(MOE-T2EP30120-0007,Tier-1 RG107/23)of Singapore for the financial support.
文摘C-glycosides have been demonstrated to have distinct biological functions and therefore display notable pharmacological values,whereas the access to the versatile structural analog of C-glycosides is a significant challenge to their advancement as therapeutic agents.We herein disclose a facial and efficient catalytic C-glycosylation using a glycosyl ortho-2,2-dimethoxycarbony lcyclopropylbenzoate(CCBz)as the donor.The trailblazing glycosyl donor can be simply activated by a non-toxic and easily accessible Sc(Ⅲ)catalyst.The ring-strain release of the incorporated donor-acceptor cyclopropane(DAC)serves as a powerful driving force of the glycosylation system.The adaptability of current methods to different types of donors and acceptors was exemplified.Examinations on the synthetic potential were done with the one-pot synthesis of free C-indolyl-glycosides and the subsequent biological studies,unlocking the antibacterial potentials of these compounds.
文摘Pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum (Leeke) R. Br, is the main cereal crop in Niger. This crop is seriously attacked by the millet Head miner (MHM), Heliocheilus albipunctella (de Joannis) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) causing significant yield losses. This study to optimize biological control of this pest was carried out in Niger in the laboratory and in a farming environment. In the laboratory, the larval paralysis and emergence of the parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were compared between release jute bags, plastic boxes and cardboard boxes. In a farming environment, direct releases were carried out with plastic boxes and releases with jute bags in 12 villages of the Maradi region during the cropping seasons of 2021 and 2022. The results indicated that 25 larvae of Corcyra cephalonica Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in the boxes were all paralyzed by 2 females of H. hebetor within 7 hours 30 minutes. The emergence of adults began on the 7th day after the beginning of the experiment for a period of two weeks and three weeks respectively in the boxes and jute bags. The production varied from 107.08 to 110.17 parasitoids and was comparable between the Jute bags, plastic boxes and cardboard boxes. In Farmers’ fields, the parasitoid release with the two methods caused the parasitism rates that varied from 64.32 to 66.52% depending on the year but in 2022 the rate of parasitism was higher in the fields with direct releases using plastic boxes (72.66%) compared to those released with jute bags (56.35%). Plastic boxes and cardboard boxes can be used for the production of the H. hebetor parasitoids. These results can be recommended to the cottage industries in the Sahel in order to improve the production and release methods of H. hebetor and make them more adapted to farmers’ fields.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82273876)the Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundation for Young Teachers in the Higher Education Institutions of China(No.171028)+1 种基金the Project of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems(No.DSQZZD-200301)the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities(No.2632022YC02)。
文摘Nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems(nDDSs)present significant opportunities for improving disease treatment,offering advantages in drug encapsulation,solubilization,stability enhancement,and optimized pharmacokinetics and biodistribution.n DDSs,comprising lipid,polymeric,protein,and inorganic nanovehicles,can be guided by or respond to biological cues for precise disease treatment and management.Equipping nanocarriers with tissue/celltargeted ligands enables effective navigation in complex environments,while functionalization with stimuli-responsive moieties facilitates site-specific controlled release.These strategies enhance drug delivery efficiency,augment therapeutic efficacy,and reduce side effects.This article reviews recent strategies and ongoing advancements in n DDSs for targeted drug delivery and controlled release,examining lesion-targeted nanomedicines through surface modification with small molecules,peptides,antibodies,carbohydrates,or cell membranes,and controlled-release nanocarriers responding to endogenous signals such as pH,redox conditions,enzymes,or external triggers like light,temperature,and magnetism.The article also discusses perspectives on future developments.
文摘On February 21,China Institute of International Studies (CIIS) released the special research report"China-Russia Relations in the New Era."Assistant Minister of Foreign Affairs Liu Bin and Russian Ambassador to China Igor Morgulov attended the release conference and delivered speeches.CIIS President Chen Bo presided over the event and introduced the main content of the report.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51878300)the National Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen City(No.3502Z202373041)the Water Conservancy Science and Technology Plan Project(No.RC2127).
文摘Eutrophication is a significant challenge for surface water,with sediment phosphorus(P)release being a key contributor.Although biological aluminum-based P-inactivation agent(BA-PIA)has shown effectiveness in controlling P release from sediment,the efficiency and mechanism by BA-PIA capping is still not fully understood.This study explored the efficiency and mechanism of using BA-PIA capping controlling P release from sediment.The main mechanisms controlling P release from sediment via BA-PIA capping involved transforming mobile and less stable fractions into stable ones,passivating DGT-labile P and establishing a 13 mm’P static layer’within the sediment.Additionally,BA-PIA’s impact on Fe redox processes significantly influenced P release from the sediment.After BA-PIA capping,notable reductionswere observed in total P,soluble reactive P(SRP),and diffusive gradient in thin-films(DGT)-measured labile P(DGT-labile P)concentration in the overlying water,with reduction rates of 95.6%,92.7%,and 96.5%,respectively.After BA-PIA capping,the diffusion flux of SRP across the sediment-water interface and the apparent P diffusion flux decreased by 91.3%and 97.8%,respectively.Additionally,BA-PIA capping led to reduced concentrations of SRP,DGT-labile P,and DGT-measured labile Fe(II)in the sediment interstitial water.Notably,BA-PIA capping significantly reduced P content and facilitated transformation in the 0∼30 mm sediment layers but not in the 30∼45 mm and 45∼60 mm sediment layers for NaOH-extractable inorganic P and HCl-extracted P.These findings offer a theoretical basis and technical support for the practical application of BA-PIA capping to control P release from sediment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92059112,82072821 and 31470964)University of Shanghai for Science and Technology(No.10-21302-405)+1 种基金the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(No.22XD1404700)the Shanghai Songjiang Municipal Science and Technology Commission Natural Science Foundation(No.20SJKJGG250)。
文摘The induction of antitumor immunity by tumor antigens released from cancer cells following regional photothermal therapy(PTT)alone may not be adequate for achieving complete tumor elimination.Combination therapy with immune adjuvants enhances antitumor immune responses,but faces challenges such as targeting deficiencies,systemic toxicity,and uncontrolled release behavior.Herein,we introduce a novel dual-functional hybrid membrane nanoparticle(HM-NP)incorporating gold nanorods(GNRs)and a thermally responsive polymer shell.HM-NP demonstrates exceptional homotypic targeting efficacy beneath the tumor cell membrane(TM),leading to substantial tumor accumulation.Upon in situ near-infrared(NIR)stimulation,GNRs within HM-NP generate heat,triggering the burst release of HM by facilitating the contraction and disintegration of the thermally responsive polymer shell.HM-NP exhibits excellent photothermal conversion efficiency under NIR irradiation,enabling effective destruction of primary tumors,release of tumor-associated antigens,and stimulation of potent anti-cancer immune.Simultaneously,the immune responses are strengthened by TM and Escherichia coli membrane(EM)through promoting the maturation of antigen presenting cells(APCs)and activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs).Moreover,the use of polymer shells enables efficient cancer therapy with minimal host clearance and adverse effects.This photothermally triggered immunotherapy holds promise for precise and personalized treatment of tumors.
文摘DeepSeek’s stunning release of an AI model that can rival ChatGPT at a fraction of the cost and time shows the power of Chinese innovation and lifts up the Global South.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U20A20412,81821004,U22A20384,82225044,52273136)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFC3501900,2023YFC2605004)+1 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.L222127,L212013)the AI+Health Collaborative Innovation Cultivation Project(Grant No.Z211100003521002).
文摘Nifedipine(NF),a widely prescribed antihypertensive agent,necessitates long-term administration to maintain therapeutic efficacy.Although osmotic pump formulations,such as Bayer’s Adalat^(®),are well-established for achieving zero-order drug release,their complex manufacturing requirements significantly elevate production costs.In this study,we employed mesoporous silica as a drug carrier for nifedipine and incorporated it with an organic polymer matrix to construct an organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite(OIN).This nanostructured system demonstrated robust sustained-release properties in both in vitro and in vivo evaluations,with the in vitro release profile exhibiting classical first-order kinetics.To further optimize the release behavior,we combined OIN with conventional tablet-forming techniques to create an oral nanocomposite system(ONS)capable of achieving near-zero-order release.Remarkably,the cumulative release profiles of ONS closely mirrored those of the commercially available Adalat^(®)osmotic formulation across multiple time points.Moreover,we conducted a theoretical analysis of the release mechanisms underlying both OIN and ONS systems,offering novel mechanistic insights that could inform the future design of advanced sustained-release drug delivery platforms.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFF1305500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32022056,32101509,and 32171641)。
文摘Climate warming has intensified the global hydrological cycle,amplifying the differences in precipitation and soil moisture between arid and humid areas.Such a change under regional drought may alter nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)releases during litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems,but how these biogeochemical processes respond to drought differently between arid and humid areas remains unclear.Here,we compiled 259 and 138 paired observations(with and without drought conditions)to assess the global variations in the drought effects on N and P releases during litter decomposition between arid(aridity index<0.5)and humid(aridity index>0.5)areas.Litter N release increased under drought in both arid(0.35%)and humid(3.62%)areas,and P release decreased by 7.32%in arid areas but increased by 2.22%in humid areas under drought.These changes in N and P releases from decomposing litter were positively correlated with drought duration in arid areas,dependent on microclimate,edaphic factors,and litter quality.Our findings highlight the contrasting effects of drought on litter N and P releases between arid and humid ecosystems,and this differential influence will greatly improve our capability to evaluate and forecast nutrient cycling during litter decomposition under different precipitation patterns.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFD1900602 and 2023YFD1900605)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.SWU-KR24036)the Visiting Training Funds for Teachers from Ordinary Undergraduate Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province.
文摘Phosphorus(P)is crucial for crop growth.However,in waters,P is considered as contaminant due to its role in causing eutrophication and algae blooms.Therefore,recovering P from wastewater is essential for sustainable P management.This study investigated the removal of P from aqueous solutions using bioinspired poly(ethylenimine)-poly(acrylamideco-acrylic acid)(PEI-PAMcoAA)coacervates.In detail,we investigated various parameters affecting P removal,including the ratio of PEI to PAMcoAA(ranging from 1:2 to 3:1,stoichiometry ratio of NH_(2) to COOH),pH(5.0-8.0)of P-containing solutions,initial P concentration(0.05-5 mmol/L),and the addition of calcium(Ca,0.1-5 mmol/L).We found that increasing the PEI:PAMcoAA ratio from1:2 to 3:1 significantly enhanced P removal efficiency,increasing from 47.21%to 95.44%.Under neutral pH conditions without calcium(Ca),PEI-PAMcoAA coacervates demonstrated optimal P removal capabilities(achieving an efficiency of 77.96%)through electrostatic adsorption.In contrast,the addition of Ca under alkaline conditions markedly improved P removal efficiency,increasing it from 64.16%to 82.42%.Detailed analyses of P within the coacervates indicated that Ca facilitates P precipitation and provides additional binding sites.These findings demonstrated that PEI-(Ca)-PAMcoAA coacervates show promise for efficiently removing P,particularly at low P concentrations.After the Premoval,the immobilized P can potentially be reused directly,as P able to be released from the reacted products.Therefore,the reacted coacervates could serve as a non-toxic fertilizer.Given its simplicity,high efficiency,and environmental friendliness,P removal based on bioinspired coacervates represents a low-hanging fruit in the pursuit of sustainable P management.
