Relay cropping of Poaceae and Fabaceae promotes high yield and land-use efficiency by allowing a double harvest.However,it is difficult to increase yield synergistically because of the reduced photosynthetic abilities...Relay cropping of Poaceae and Fabaceae promotes high yield and land-use efficiency by allowing a double harvest.However,it is difficult to increase yield synergistically because of the reduced photosynthetic abilities of legume leaves under the shade of graminoids.Leaf photosynthetic capacity in relay cropping systems is associated with ecological niche differentiation and photosynthetic compensation after restoration of normal light.We conducted a field experiment in southwest China in 2020–2021 to evaluate the effects of three cropping patterns:maize–soybean relay cropping(IMS),monoculture maize(MM),and monoculture soybean(SS),and N application levels:no N application(NN:0 kg N ha^(−1)),reduced N(RN:180 kg N ha^(−1)),and conventional N(CN:240 kg N ha^(−1)).Compared to monocropping,relay cropping increased the stay-green traits of maize and soybean by 13%and 89%,respectively.Relay cropping prolonged the leaf stay-green duration in the maize and soybean lag phase by almost 4 and 8 days,respectively.Relay cropping maize(IM)increased the leaf area index(LAI)by 79.4%to 88.5%under NN and 55.5%to 148%under RN.Relay cropping soybean(IS)increased the LAI from 115%to 437%at days 40 to 50 after anthesis.IM increased yield by 65.6%.IS increased yield by 9.7%.HI and system yield were at their highest values under RN.In the relay cropping system,reduced N application extended green leaf duration,increased photosynthesis inside the canopy at multiple levels,ultimately increases soybean yield synergistically.展开更多
Light is one of the most important environmental factors for plant growth and development.In relay cropping systems,crop layouts influence light distribution,affecting light use efficiency(LUE).However,the response of...Light is one of the most important environmental factors for plant growth and development.In relay cropping systems,crop layouts influence light distribution,affecting light use efficiency(LUE).However,the response of light interception,light conversion,and LUE for relay maize and relay soybean to different crop layouts remains unclear.We aimed to quantify the effect of crop layout on intraspecific and interspecific competition,light interception,light conversion,LUE,and land productivity between relay maize and relay soybean.We conducted a field experiment for four consecutive years from 2017 to 2020 in Sichuan province,China,comparing different crop layouts(bandwidth 2.0 m,row ratio 2:2;bandwidth 2.4 m,row ratio 2:3;bandwidth 2.8 m,row ratio 2:4),with sole maize and sole soybean as controls.The results showed that relay maize in the 2.0 m bandwidth layout had the largest leaf area index and plant biomass,the lowest intraspecific competitive intensity and the highest aggressiveness.Compared to a bandwidth of 2.0 m,a bandwidth of 2.8 m significantly decreased relay maize leaf area index by 11%and plant biomass by 24%,while a 2.4 m bandwidth caused roughly half these reductions.The 2.0 m bandwidth layout also significantly improved crop light interception and LUE compared to sole maize.The light interception,light interception rate,light conversion rate and LUE in relay maize all decreased significantly with increasing bandwidth,but they increased in relay soybean.The increased light transmittance to the lower and middle canopy with increasing bandwidth did not compensate for the loss of relay maize yield caused by increased intraspecific competition.However,it enhanced the yield of relay soybeans.Increasing the bandwidth by 80 cm increased the relay maize intraspecific competition by 580%,and reduced maize yield by 33%,light interception by 12%,and LUE by 18%.In contrast,the relay soybean intraspecific competition was reduced by 64%,and the soybean yield was increased by 26%,light interception by 32%and LUE by 46%.Relay cropping systems with a 2.0 m bandwidth optimize the trade-off between light transmittance and intraspecific competition of relay crops.These systems achieve the highest LUE,group yield and economic benefits,making them a recommended crop layout for the southwest regions of China.Our study offers valuable insights for developing strip relay cropping systems that maximize light utilization and contributes to the theoretical understanding of efficient sunlight use in relay cropping practices.展开更多
Honghuagang District,Zunyi City,Guizhou Province,develops the characteristic industry of crispy peaches,and at the same time develops the forest economy and promotes the model of planting soybeans in peach orchards to...Honghuagang District,Zunyi City,Guizhou Province,develops the characteristic industry of crispy peaches,and at the same time develops the forest economy and promotes the model of planting soybeans in peach orchards to promote rural revitalization.However,due to the different pests and diseases occurring in peach trees and soybeans,the control drugs used are also different,and the existing technology for spraying and controlling peach or soybean seedlings is operated separately and cannot be sprayed together at the same time.This study,based on the actual situation of forest land,develops a spraying device for interplantation in forest(peach tree and soybean)from the aspects of technical solutions,working principles and beneficial effects,in order to solve the problem of low spraying efficiency of spraying control of peach tree or soybean seedlings in the existing technology.展开更多
Sustainable intensification of cropping systems is a strategy to increase productivity and reduce disservices of conventional agroecosystems.Camelina[Camelina sativa(L.)Crantz]and field pennycress(Thlaspi arvense L.)a...Sustainable intensification of cropping systems is a strategy to increase productivity and reduce disservices of conventional agroecosystems.Camelina[Camelina sativa(L.)Crantz]and field pennycress(Thlaspi arvense L.)are winter annual oilseed crops well suited to fill the fallow period between corn(Zea mays L.)and soybean[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]in the U.S.northern Corn Belt,but their inclusion may be limited by resource use limitations.A 2-year study was conducted from 2015 to 2017 in the U.S.upper Midwest to evaluate the effect of double cropping on winter oilseed crops and soybean productivity and economic performance.Treatments included relay-and sequential-cropped soybean with winter camelina and field pennycress,and monocrop soybean as control.Biomass and grain yield of winter oilseed crops were not affected by cropping system.Averaged over years and cropping systems,winter camelina resulted in more biomass,nitrogen(N)uptake and grain yield by 240,186 and 139% respectively,compared to field pennycress.Soybean biomass,N uptake and yield were higher in relay relative to sequential cropping.Relay soybean resulted in similar total grain yield(soybean+winter oilseed crop)compared to monocropped soybean.Double cropping soybean could maintain net return compared to monocropped soybean.Results indicate that double cropping winter oilseed crops with soybean can be economically viable in the U.S.upper Midwest.Yet,research aimed at optimizing yield through N and water use while improving ecosystem services is needed.展开更多
基金the Special Fund for the Industrial Technology System Construction of Modem Agriculture(CARS-04-PS20)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872856,31671625)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1000500)。
文摘Relay cropping of Poaceae and Fabaceae promotes high yield and land-use efficiency by allowing a double harvest.However,it is difficult to increase yield synergistically because of the reduced photosynthetic abilities of legume leaves under the shade of graminoids.Leaf photosynthetic capacity in relay cropping systems is associated with ecological niche differentiation and photosynthetic compensation after restoration of normal light.We conducted a field experiment in southwest China in 2020–2021 to evaluate the effects of three cropping patterns:maize–soybean relay cropping(IMS),monoculture maize(MM),and monoculture soybean(SS),and N application levels:no N application(NN:0 kg N ha^(−1)),reduced N(RN:180 kg N ha^(−1)),and conventional N(CN:240 kg N ha^(−1)).Compared to monocropping,relay cropping increased the stay-green traits of maize and soybean by 13%and 89%,respectively.Relay cropping prolonged the leaf stay-green duration in the maize and soybean lag phase by almost 4 and 8 days,respectively.Relay cropping maize(IM)increased the leaf area index(LAI)by 79.4%to 88.5%under NN and 55.5%to 148%under RN.Relay cropping soybean(IS)increased the LAI from 115%to 437%at days 40 to 50 after anthesis.IM increased yield by 65.6%.IS increased yield by 9.7%.HI and system yield were at their highest values under RN.In the relay cropping system,reduced N application extended green leaf duration,increased photosynthesis inside the canopy at multiple levels,ultimately increases soybean yield synergistically.
基金supported by the Annual Water and Fertilizer Efficient Utilization and Regulation Technology Research (2022YFD2300902-02)Key Cultivation Technology Innovation and Application of New Maize varieties (2021YFYZ0005)+1 种基金Soybean Maize Strip Mixed Cropping Planting Technology and Application in Tianfu New Area (XZY1-03)Soybean Green Increase Production and Efficiency Technology Integration and Demonstration in Meigu County (2022YFD1100203).
文摘Light is one of the most important environmental factors for plant growth and development.In relay cropping systems,crop layouts influence light distribution,affecting light use efficiency(LUE).However,the response of light interception,light conversion,and LUE for relay maize and relay soybean to different crop layouts remains unclear.We aimed to quantify the effect of crop layout on intraspecific and interspecific competition,light interception,light conversion,LUE,and land productivity between relay maize and relay soybean.We conducted a field experiment for four consecutive years from 2017 to 2020 in Sichuan province,China,comparing different crop layouts(bandwidth 2.0 m,row ratio 2:2;bandwidth 2.4 m,row ratio 2:3;bandwidth 2.8 m,row ratio 2:4),with sole maize and sole soybean as controls.The results showed that relay maize in the 2.0 m bandwidth layout had the largest leaf area index and plant biomass,the lowest intraspecific competitive intensity and the highest aggressiveness.Compared to a bandwidth of 2.0 m,a bandwidth of 2.8 m significantly decreased relay maize leaf area index by 11%and plant biomass by 24%,while a 2.4 m bandwidth caused roughly half these reductions.The 2.0 m bandwidth layout also significantly improved crop light interception and LUE compared to sole maize.The light interception,light interception rate,light conversion rate and LUE in relay maize all decreased significantly with increasing bandwidth,but they increased in relay soybean.The increased light transmittance to the lower and middle canopy with increasing bandwidth did not compensate for the loss of relay maize yield caused by increased intraspecific competition.However,it enhanced the yield of relay soybeans.Increasing the bandwidth by 80 cm increased the relay maize intraspecific competition by 580%,and reduced maize yield by 33%,light interception by 12%,and LUE by 18%.In contrast,the relay soybean intraspecific competition was reduced by 64%,and the soybean yield was increased by 26%,light interception by 32%and LUE by 46%.Relay cropping systems with a 2.0 m bandwidth optimize the trade-off between light transmittance and intraspecific competition of relay crops.These systems achieve the highest LUE,group yield and economic benefits,making them a recommended crop layout for the southwest regions of China.Our study offers valuable insights for developing strip relay cropping systems that maximize light utilization and contributes to the theoretical understanding of efficient sunlight use in relay cropping practices.
基金Supported by Zunyi City Municipal and University Joint Science and Technology R&D Funding Project(HZ2023159)Zunyi Science and Technology Support Program Project(NS2023015)+2 种基金Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Commissioner Innovation and Entrepreneurship Service Training Demonstration Base(HHG2023001)Guizhou Provincial Department of Education Natural Science Research Project(Qianjiaotongqi[2022]No.067)Natural Science Research Program of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education(Guizhou Education and Technology[2023]043).
文摘Honghuagang District,Zunyi City,Guizhou Province,develops the characteristic industry of crispy peaches,and at the same time develops the forest economy and promotes the model of planting soybeans in peach orchards to promote rural revitalization.However,due to the different pests and diseases occurring in peach trees and soybeans,the control drugs used are also different,and the existing technology for spraying and controlling peach or soybean seedlings is operated separately and cannot be sprayed together at the same time.This study,based on the actual situation of forest land,develops a spraying device for interplantation in forest(peach tree and soybean)from the aspects of technical solutions,working principles and beneficial effects,in order to solve the problem of low spraying efficiency of spraying control of peach tree or soybean seedlings in the existing technology.
基金the support of the Minnesota Soybean Research&Promotion Council(Grant No.819717)Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources(Grant No.2019002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51809189).
文摘Sustainable intensification of cropping systems is a strategy to increase productivity and reduce disservices of conventional agroecosystems.Camelina[Camelina sativa(L.)Crantz]and field pennycress(Thlaspi arvense L.)are winter annual oilseed crops well suited to fill the fallow period between corn(Zea mays L.)and soybean[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]in the U.S.northern Corn Belt,but their inclusion may be limited by resource use limitations.A 2-year study was conducted from 2015 to 2017 in the U.S.upper Midwest to evaluate the effect of double cropping on winter oilseed crops and soybean productivity and economic performance.Treatments included relay-and sequential-cropped soybean with winter camelina and field pennycress,and monocrop soybean as control.Biomass and grain yield of winter oilseed crops were not affected by cropping system.Averaged over years and cropping systems,winter camelina resulted in more biomass,nitrogen(N)uptake and grain yield by 240,186 and 139% respectively,compared to field pennycress.Soybean biomass,N uptake and yield were higher in relay relative to sequential cropping.Relay soybean resulted in similar total grain yield(soybean+winter oilseed crop)compared to monocropped soybean.Double cropping soybean could maintain net return compared to monocropped soybean.Results indicate that double cropping winter oilseed crops with soybean can be economically viable in the U.S.upper Midwest.Yet,research aimed at optimizing yield through N and water use while improving ecosystem services is needed.
