Objective: To analyze the effectiveness and safety of corneal relaxing incisions (CRI) in correcting keratometric astigmatism during cataract surgery. Methods: A prospective study of two groups: control group and trea...Objective: To analyze the effectiveness and safety of corneal relaxing incisions (CRI) in correcting keratometric astigmatism during cataract surgery. Methods: A prospective study of two groups: control group and treatment group. A treatment group included 25 eyes of 25 patients who had combined clear corneal phacoemulsification, IOL implantation and CRI. A control group included 25 eyes of 25 patients who had clear corneal phacoemulsification and IOL implantation.Postoperative keratometric astigmatism was measured at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. Results: CRI signifi-cantly decreased keratometric astigmatism in patients with preexisting astigmatism compared with astigmatic changes in the control group. In eyes with CRI, the mean keratometric astigmatism was 0.29±0.17 D(range 0 to 0.5 D) at 1 week, 0.41±0.21 D (range 0 to 0.82 D) at 1 month, respectively reduced by 2.42 D and 2.30 D at 1 week and 1 month postoperatively (P=0.000, P=0.000), and postoperative astigmatism was stable until 6 months follow-up. The keratometric astigmatism of all patients decreased to less than 1.00 D postoperatively. Conclusions: CRI is a practical, simple, safe and effective method to reduce preexisting astigmatism during cataract surgery. A modified nomogram is proposed. The long-term effect of CRI should be investigated.展开更多
Objective To observe the clinical effect of relaxing needling combined with paired needling in the treatment of acute lumbar sprain.Methods Fifty cases with acute lumbar sprain were treated with relaxing needling in c...Objective To observe the clinical effect of relaxing needling combined with paired needling in the treatment of acute lumbar sprain.Methods Fifty cases with acute lumbar sprain were treated with relaxing needling in combination with paired needling for 30 min each time and once everyday,7 times made one course.The clinical effect was observed after one course.Results Thirty-two cases were cured,15 cases were improved,and 3 cases were ineffective.The total effective rate was 94.0%.Conclusion Relaxing needling in combination with paired needling has remarkable effect in the treatment of acute lumbar sprain as the treatment can obviously alleviate pain and restore the functional movement of lumbar region.展开更多
This study applies the diatonic chord in music theory,utilization rate,and the close relationship between the main chord system,the dominant chord system,and the subordinate chord system.From the perspective of music ...This study applies the diatonic chord in music theory,utilization rate,and the close relationship between the main chord system,the dominant chord system,and the subordinate chord system.From the perspective of music theory,the computer can automatically and quickly analyze the music,and establish a set of algorithms for configuring the chord accompaniment for the main melody,called the symmetrical circle offifths algorithm,SCFA(Symmetrical Circle of Fifths Algorithm).SCFA can immediately confirm the key,perform harmony analysis,configure chord accompaniment for the main melody,and effectively and correctly complete any given melody or interval.It can also quickly analyze and correctly configure the chord accompaniment for any MIDI(Musical Instrument Digital Interface)music,enriching the musicality of the music.It can also allow scorers or computer music creators to quickly deconstruct the harmony configuration of the melody.Through the measurement of bio-feedback sensor HRV(Heart Rate Variability),it can achieve a relaxing music healing effect.展开更多
ONE child or two？ This is the question soon to be pondered by more than 15 million couples across China＇s mainland. They will become eligible later this year to have two children if one of the parents is an only chi...ONE child or two？ This is the question soon to be pondered by more than 15 million couples across China＇s mainland. They will become eligible later this year to have two children if one of the parents is an only child. The new population policy, issued in November 2013, has already seen the choice given to couples in 22 provincial-level regions by the end of April this year.展开更多
A process has been developed recently to fabricate a structure com- prising,from top to bottom,a SiGe thin film,a glass layer,and a Si wafer.The SiGe film is a perfect crystal,and is under biaxial compression.The SiGe...A process has been developed recently to fabricate a structure com- prising,from top to bottom,a SiGe thin film,a glass layer,and a Si wafer.The SiGe film is a perfect crystal,and is under biaxial compression.The SiGe film is patterned into islands.On annealing,the glass flows and the islands relax.The resulting strain-free islands are used as substrates,to grow epitaxial optoelectronic devices.This article describes a series of studies on the annealing process,combining experiment and theory.A small island relaxes by expansion,starting at the edges and diffusing to the center.A large island wrinkles before the expansion reaches the center.After some time,the wrinkles either disappear,or cause the island to fracture. We model the island as an elastic plate,and the glass layer as a viscous liquid.The strains in the islands are measured by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy,and the wrinkle amplitudes by atomic force microscope.The data are compared with the theoretical predictions.We determine the conditions under which the islands relax by expansion without significant wrinkling,and demonstrate that a cap layer suppresses wrinkles,relaxing a large island crack-free.展开更多
By using a bi-dentate phosphine oxide ligand L(L=bis(diphenylphosphino)methane dioxide),two mononuclear lanthanide complexes[LnL_(2)(DMF)Cl_(2)]Cl(Ln=Sm,1;Dy,2)with a D_(5h)equatorial ligand field(LF)are obtained.Ab i...By using a bi-dentate phosphine oxide ligand L(L=bis(diphenylphosphino)methane dioxide),two mononuclear lanthanide complexes[LnL_(2)(DMF)Cl_(2)]Cl(Ln=Sm,1;Dy,2)with a D_(5h)equatorial ligand field(LF)are obtained.Ab initio CASSCF calculations suggest that the equatorial LF promotes the magnetic anisotropy of the central Sm^(III)and impair that of DyIII.Alternating current(ac)susceptibility measurements reveal that the samarium complex is the first Sm^(III)mono-nuclear complex with slow magnetic relaxation.The isostructural DyIII compound,in contrast,relaxes much faster.Further magnetic property studies were then performed to probe the origin of magnetic anisotropy and magnetic relaxations.展开更多
Purpose To investigate the efficacy of image-guided accurate limbal relaxing incisions(LRIs)for astigmatism correction during cataract surgery.Methods Consecutive cataract patients with regular corneal astigmatism ran...Purpose To investigate the efficacy of image-guided accurate limbal relaxing incisions(LRIs)for astigmatism correction during cataract surgery.Methods Consecutive cataract patients with regular corneal astigmatism ranging from 0.75 to 2.50 D,intended for cataract surgery with image-guided LRIs,were recruited in this prospective cohort study.The efficacy of astigmatism correction was evaluated 3 months after surgery,and compared among eyes with preoperative corneal with-the-rule(WTR),against-the-rule(ATR)and oblique astigmatism.Higher-order aberrations and visual quality indices obtained with iTrace were further compared between eyes with single and paired LRIs.Results Totally,108 eyes of 108 patients were analyzed.The mean total surgical induced astigmatism(tSIA)vector of all participants was 0.76±0.38 D(range:0.11–1.79 D,preoperative vs.postoperative astigmatism:1.46±0.41 vs.0.78±0.44 D,P<0.001).Eyes with WTR astigmatism showed higher tSIA(0.89±0.32 D vs.0.42±0.21 D vs.0.48±0.36 D,respectively,P<0.001),as well as higher correction index and lower difference vector and index of success than ATR and oblique astigmatism groups(all P<0.05).Eyes with paired LRIs exhibited better corneal average height of modulation transfer function,a better corneal performance index and a better quality of vision index than those with single LRI(all P<0.05).Conclusions Image-guided LRIs can effectively correct low-to-moderate corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery,especially in eyes with WTR astigmatism.展开更多
Hamilton-Jacobi equation appears frequently in applications, e.g., in differential games and control theory, and is closely related to hyperbolic conservation laws[3, 4, 12]. This is helpful in the design of differenc...Hamilton-Jacobi equation appears frequently in applications, e.g., in differential games and control theory, and is closely related to hyperbolic conservation laws[3, 4, 12]. This is helpful in the design of difference approximations for Hamilton-Jacobi equation and hyperbolic conservation laws. In this paper we present the relaxing system for HamiltonJacobi equations in arbitrary space dimensions, and high resolution relaxing schemes for Hamilton-Jacobi equation, based on using the local relaxation approximation. The schemes are numerically tested on a variety of 1D and 2D problems, including a problem related to optimal control problem. High-order accuracy in smooth regions, good resolution of discontinuities, and convergence to viscosity solutions are observed.展开更多
This paper continues to study the central relaxing schemes for system of hyperbolic conservation laws, based on the local relaxation approximation. Two classes of relaxing systems with stiff source term are introduced...This paper continues to study the central relaxing schemes for system of hyperbolic conservation laws, based on the local relaxation approximation. Two classes of relaxing systems with stiff source term are introduced to approximate system of conservation laws in curvilinear coordinates. Based on them, the semi-implicit relaxing schemes are con- structed as in [6, 12] without using any linear or nonlinear Riemann solvers. Numerical experiments for one-dimensional and two-dimensional problems are presented to demon- strate the performance and resolution of the current schemes.展开更多
Presents a study which examined a cell entropy inequality for a class of local relaxation approximation relaxing scheme for scalar conservation laws. Way to obtain the scheme; Use of numerical entropy condition for th...Presents a study which examined a cell entropy inequality for a class of local relaxation approximation relaxing scheme for scalar conservation laws. Way to obtain the scheme; Use of numerical entropy condition for the approximation.展开更多
Postoperative visual acuity can be limited by post-keratoplasty astigmatism,even with a clear corneal graft.Astigmatism management can be performed by selective suture removal,adjustment of sutures,optical correction,...Postoperative visual acuity can be limited by post-keratoplasty astigmatism,even with a clear corneal graft.Astigmatism management can be performed by selective suture removal,adjustment of sutures,optical correction,photorefractive procedures,wedge resection,intra-ocular lens implantation,intracorneal ring segments,relaxing incisions with or without compression sutures and repeated keratoplasty.Relaxing incisions can be made in the graft,graft-host interface or host cornea.Despite the unpredictability of the method because the flat and steep meridians are usually not orthogonal after penetrating keratoplasty,with asymmetric power distribution,all the studies showed an overall reduction of refractive,keratometric or topographic astigmatism,ranging from 30%to 72%with manual or femtosecond-assisted techniques.Most patients with astigmatism higher than 6 diopters had residual cylinder less than or equal to 3 diopters,which can be treated by laser excimer ablation or secondary intraocular lens implantation.展开更多
Direct observation was made by using the patch-clamp technique with a specially designed microperfusion system to investigate the effect of acetylcholine (Ach 10^(-6) mol/L) elicited endothelium-derived relaxing facto...Direct observation was made by using the patch-clamp technique with a specially designed microperfusion system to investigate the effect of acetylcholine (Ach 10^(-6) mol/L) elicited endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) on the calcium-activated potassium channel (IK(Ca))in the smooth muscle cells of mesenteric resistance vessels in Wistar rats. Activation of IK(Ca) was firstly observed by inducing the elicited EDRF or sodium nitroprusside (SNP 10^(-8) mol/L) under various clamping voltages in cell-attached configuration. While the pipette solution contained KCl 126 mmol/L and the bath solution contained KCl 5.9 mmol/L, two types of conductances of calcium-activated potassium current being 76.4±2.3 pS(mean±S.E. n = 7) and 160.3±7.5 pS (mean±S.E. n= 7) were recorded during the EDRF activation, one type of conductance being 100.5±2.8 pS (mean±S.E. n = 6) was activated by nitric oxide (NO) which is an effective component from SNP. Differences in kinetic characteristics of these channels between EDRF and NO activation were found, particularly the probability of the channel being open in EDRF activation was obviously greater than that in NO stimulation. It has been shown that the potassium channel mechanisms involved in the EDRF and NO actions might be different.展开更多
The fast solution of linear equations has always been one of the hot spots in scientific computing.A kind of the diagonal matrix splitting iteration methods are provided,which is different from the classical matrix sp...The fast solution of linear equations has always been one of the hot spots in scientific computing.A kind of the diagonal matrix splitting iteration methods are provided,which is different from the classical matrix splitting methods.Taking the decomposition of the diagonal elements for coefficient matrix as the key point,some new preconditioners are constructed.Taking the tri-diagonal coefficient matrix as an example,the convergence domains and optimal relaxation factor of the new method are analyzed theoretically.The presented new iteration methods are applied to solve linear algebraic equations,even 2D and 3D diffusion problems with the fully implicit discretization.The results of numerical experiments are matched with the theoretical analysis,and show that the iteration numbers are reduced greatly.The superiorities of presented iteration methods exceed some classical iteration methods dramatically.展开更多
Presents a study on the cell entropy inequality for two classes of fully discrete relaxing schemes approximating scalar conservation laws. Main advantage of the schemes; Review of the construction of the relaxing syst...Presents a study on the cell entropy inequality for two classes of fully discrete relaxing schemes approximating scalar conservation laws. Main advantage of the schemes; Review of the construction of the relaxing system with a stiff source term; Conclusions.展开更多
It’s never too early in the year to start planning a break from the stress of city life,and southwest China’s charming Guizhou Province is a destination that should be right at the top of your list.
In order to enable wing morphing(e.g.change in camber or folds)without incurring additional weight to the aircraft,lightweight flexible materials such as membrane are needed.However,the research on fluid-structure cou...In order to enable wing morphing(e.g.change in camber or folds)without incurring additional weight to the aircraft,lightweight flexible materials such as membrane are needed.However,the research on fluid-structure coupling of membranes has mainly focused on parachutes in low-speed conditions,while that in supersonic flow conditions is lacking.Here,the degraded shell method is proposed to study membrane deformation by using shell element,which is more effective than using membrane elements directly.A fluid-structure interaction computational framework is proposed,whereby the aerodynamic module is composed of either the piston theory or computational fluid dynamics.A rectangular membrane of length 0.4 m and width 0.6 m is investigated in supersonic conditions.The characteristics of the limit cycle and steady deformation are analyzed,considering the effects of angle of attack and dynamic pressure.It is found that the structural response exhibits significant differences under various angles of attack.Furthermore,initial relaxation of membrane has significant influence on the structural deformation.Finally,the aeroelastic scaling method for membrane structures is derived,providing guidance for the design of wind tunnel models.This study provides a theoretical foundation for the analysis and application of membrane structures under supersonic conditions in future research.展开更多
The photovoltaic performance of metal halide perovskite solar cells often respond divergently to environmental conditions during storage.In particular,light exposure can either enhance or degrade device efficiency,yet...The photovoltaic performance of metal halide perovskite solar cells often respond divergently to environmental conditions during storage.In particular,light exposure can either enhance or degrade device efficiency,yet the mechanisms underlying these antithetical behaviors are still under investigation.In this study,we explore the modulation of the open-circuit voltage(Voc)in triple-cation mixed-halide perovskite solar cells by systematically controlling storage environments.While light intensity exhibits minimal impact during storage,the spectral composition of illumination selectively enhances Voc comprising reversible and irreversible contributions.Structural characterization reveals that prolonged storage degrades the quality of perovskite crystals in the upper region of the perovskite layer,whereas light storage promotes the relaxation of microstrain at the buried interface with a p-type organic layer.This structural reorganization at the interface,accompanied by lattice expansion,accounts for suppressed nonradiative recombination and a corresponding increase in quasi-Fermi level splitting.Consequently,devices fabricated without chemical defect passivation achieve a power conversion efficiency of higher than 40%under indoor lighting conditions after preconditioned by continuous exposure to ambient light during storage.These findings highlight the critical role of controlled light exposure during storage not only in enhancing efficiency,but also in ensuring reproducibility of perovskite solar cell characterization.展开更多
A multi-stage stress relaxation test was performed on a granodiorite sample to understand the deformation process prior to the macroscopic failure of brittle rocks,as well as the transient response during stress relax...A multi-stage stress relaxation test was performed on a granodiorite sample to understand the deformation process prior to the macroscopic failure of brittle rocks,as well as the transient response during stress relaxation.Distributed optical fiber sensing was used to measure strains across the sample surface by helically wrapping the single-mode fiber around the cylindrical sample.Close agreement was observed between the circumferential strains obtained from the optical fibers and the extensometer.The reconstructed full-field strain contours show strain heterogeneity from the crack closure phase,and the strains in the later deformation phase are dominantly localized within the former high-strain zone.The Gini coefficient was used to quantify the degree of strain localization and shows an initial increase during the crack closure phase,a decrease during the linear elastic phase,and a subsequent increase during the post-yielding phase.This behavior corresponds to a process of initial localization from an imperfect boundary condition,homogenization,and eventual relocalization prior to the macroscopic failure of the sample.The transient strain rate decay during the stress relaxation phase was quantified using the p-value in the“Omori-like"power law function.A higher initial stress at the onset of relaxation results in a lower p-value,indicating a slower strain rate decay.As the sample approaches macroscopic failure,the lowest p-value shifts from the most damaged zone to adjacent areas,suggesting stress redistribution or crack propagation in deformed crystalline rocks under stress relaxation conditions.展开更多
Integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)is an appealing approach to address spectrum congestion and beamforming is an effective method to realize ISAC.In this paper,we investigate the beamforming design problem for ...Integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)is an appealing approach to address spectrum congestion and beamforming is an effective method to realize ISAC.In this paper,we investigate the beamforming design problem for multiple-input multipleoutput(MIMO)ISAC systems and propose to maximize the radar beampattern gain of the target direction while ensuring the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio(SINR)constraints of communication users.Particularly,we discuss two cases of ISAC transmit beamforming,i.e.,Case-Ⅰand Case-Ⅱ,which do not have and do have the dedicated probing signal,respectively.For these two cases of transmit beamforming design problems,we start from the single-user scenario and provide the closed-form solutions for MIMO ISAC beamforming vectors.Then,we consider the multiuser scenario and utilize the semidefinite relaxation technique to convert the beamforming design problems into convex semidefinite programming problems.Furthermore,we investigate the impact of the channel correlation between radar and communication on the performance gain of MIMO ISAC systems and characterize the performance tradeoff.Numerical results validate that the dedicated probing signal is unnecessary in the single-user scenario,whereas it has a slight improvement in target detection performance at low SINR thresholds in the multi-user scenario.It is also shown that the stronger the correlation between radar and communication channels,the greater the performance gain of the system.展开更多
文摘Objective: To analyze the effectiveness and safety of corneal relaxing incisions (CRI) in correcting keratometric astigmatism during cataract surgery. Methods: A prospective study of two groups: control group and treatment group. A treatment group included 25 eyes of 25 patients who had combined clear corneal phacoemulsification, IOL implantation and CRI. A control group included 25 eyes of 25 patients who had clear corneal phacoemulsification and IOL implantation.Postoperative keratometric astigmatism was measured at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. Results: CRI signifi-cantly decreased keratometric astigmatism in patients with preexisting astigmatism compared with astigmatic changes in the control group. In eyes with CRI, the mean keratometric astigmatism was 0.29±0.17 D(range 0 to 0.5 D) at 1 week, 0.41±0.21 D (range 0 to 0.82 D) at 1 month, respectively reduced by 2.42 D and 2.30 D at 1 week and 1 month postoperatively (P=0.000, P=0.000), and postoperative astigmatism was stable until 6 months follow-up. The keratometric astigmatism of all patients decreased to less than 1.00 D postoperatively. Conclusions: CRI is a practical, simple, safe and effective method to reduce preexisting astigmatism during cataract surgery. A modified nomogram is proposed. The long-term effect of CRI should be investigated.
文摘Objective To observe the clinical effect of relaxing needling combined with paired needling in the treatment of acute lumbar sprain.Methods Fifty cases with acute lumbar sprain were treated with relaxing needling in combination with paired needling for 30 min each time and once everyday,7 times made one course.The clinical effect was observed after one course.Results Thirty-two cases were cured,15 cases were improved,and 3 cases were ineffective.The total effective rate was 94.0%.Conclusion Relaxing needling in combination with paired needling has remarkable effect in the treatment of acute lumbar sprain as the treatment can obviously alleviate pain and restore the functional movement of lumbar region.
基金The Ministry of Science and Technology project of Taiwan:MOST 108-2511-H-424-001-MY3.
文摘This study applies the diatonic chord in music theory,utilization rate,and the close relationship between the main chord system,the dominant chord system,and the subordinate chord system.From the perspective of music theory,the computer can automatically and quickly analyze the music,and establish a set of algorithms for configuring the chord accompaniment for the main melody,called the symmetrical circle offifths algorithm,SCFA(Symmetrical Circle of Fifths Algorithm).SCFA can immediately confirm the key,perform harmony analysis,configure chord accompaniment for the main melody,and effectively and correctly complete any given melody or interval.It can also quickly analyze and correctly configure the chord accompaniment for any MIDI(Musical Instrument Digital Interface)music,enriching the musicality of the music.It can also allow scorers or computer music creators to quickly deconstruct the harmony configuration of the melody.Through the measurement of bio-feedback sensor HRV(Heart Rate Variability),it can achieve a relaxing music healing effect.
文摘ONE child or two？ This is the question soon to be pondered by more than 15 million couples across China＇s mainland. They will become eligible later this year to have two children if one of the parents is an only child. The new population policy, issued in November 2013, has already seen the choice given to couples in 22 provincial-level regions by the end of April this year.
基金The project supported by NSF (CMS-9820713)DARPA (N66001-00-1-8957)+1 种基金ARO (DAA655-98-1-ff270)New Jersey Science and Technology Commission
文摘A process has been developed recently to fabricate a structure com- prising,from top to bottom,a SiGe thin film,a glass layer,and a Si wafer.The SiGe film is a perfect crystal,and is under biaxial compression.The SiGe film is patterned into islands.On annealing,the glass flows and the islands relax.The resulting strain-free islands are used as substrates,to grow epitaxial optoelectronic devices.This article describes a series of studies on the annealing process,combining experiment and theory.A small island relaxes by expansion,starting at the edges and diffusing to the center.A large island wrinkles before the expansion reaches the center.After some time,the wrinkles either disappear,or cause the island to fracture. We model the island as an elastic plate,and the glass layer as a viscous liquid.The strains in the islands are measured by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy,and the wrinkle amplitudes by atomic force microscope.The data are compared with the theoretical predictions.We determine the conditions under which the islands relax by expansion without significant wrinkling,and demonstrate that a cap layer suppresses wrinkles,relaxing a large island crack-free.
基金supported by the NSFC(21805048 and 21822508)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2018A030310066 and 2016A030313619)the Project of Educational Commission of Guangdong Province(2017KQNCX146).
文摘By using a bi-dentate phosphine oxide ligand L(L=bis(diphenylphosphino)methane dioxide),two mononuclear lanthanide complexes[LnL_(2)(DMF)Cl_(2)]Cl(Ln=Sm,1;Dy,2)with a D_(5h)equatorial ligand field(LF)are obtained.Ab initio CASSCF calculations suggest that the equatorial LF promotes the magnetic anisotropy of the central Sm^(III)and impair that of DyIII.Alternating current(ac)susceptibility measurements reveal that the samarium complex is the first Sm^(III)mono-nuclear complex with slow magnetic relaxation.The isostructural DyIII compound,in contrast,relaxes much faster.Further magnetic property studies were then performed to probe the origin of magnetic anisotropy and magnetic relaxations.
基金supported by research grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China,China(2022YFC2502800)National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(82271069,82371040,82122017,81870642,81970780,81470613 and 81670835)+2 种基金Special Project of Shanghai Public Health Research,China(2024GKQ36)Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission,China(23Y11909800)Outstanding Youth Medical Talents of Shanghai"Rising Stars of Medical Talents"Youth Development Program,Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Project,China(2024ZZ1025 and 20244Z0015).
文摘Purpose To investigate the efficacy of image-guided accurate limbal relaxing incisions(LRIs)for astigmatism correction during cataract surgery.Methods Consecutive cataract patients with regular corneal astigmatism ranging from 0.75 to 2.50 D,intended for cataract surgery with image-guided LRIs,were recruited in this prospective cohort study.The efficacy of astigmatism correction was evaluated 3 months after surgery,and compared among eyes with preoperative corneal with-the-rule(WTR),against-the-rule(ATR)and oblique astigmatism.Higher-order aberrations and visual quality indices obtained with iTrace were further compared between eyes with single and paired LRIs.Results Totally,108 eyes of 108 patients were analyzed.The mean total surgical induced astigmatism(tSIA)vector of all participants was 0.76±0.38 D(range:0.11–1.79 D,preoperative vs.postoperative astigmatism:1.46±0.41 vs.0.78±0.44 D,P<0.001).Eyes with WTR astigmatism showed higher tSIA(0.89±0.32 D vs.0.42±0.21 D vs.0.48±0.36 D,respectively,P<0.001),as well as higher correction index and lower difference vector and index of success than ATR and oblique astigmatism groups(all P<0.05).Eyes with paired LRIs exhibited better corneal average height of modulation transfer function,a better corneal performance index and a better quality of vision index than those with single LRI(all P<0.05).Conclusions Image-guided LRIs can effectively correct low-to-moderate corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery,especially in eyes with WTR astigmatism.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 19901031)and the foundation of National Laboratory of Computationa
文摘Hamilton-Jacobi equation appears frequently in applications, e.g., in differential games and control theory, and is closely related to hyperbolic conservation laws[3, 4, 12]. This is helpful in the design of difference approximations for Hamilton-Jacobi equation and hyperbolic conservation laws. In this paper we present the relaxing system for HamiltonJacobi equations in arbitrary space dimensions, and high resolution relaxing schemes for Hamilton-Jacobi equation, based on using the local relaxation approximation. The schemes are numerically tested on a variety of 1D and 2D problems, including a problem related to optimal control problem. High-order accuracy in smooth regions, good resolution of discontinuities, and convergence to viscosity solutions are observed.
基金This project supported partly by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.19901031), the specialFunds for Major State
文摘This paper continues to study the central relaxing schemes for system of hyperbolic conservation laws, based on the local relaxation approximation. Two classes of relaxing systems with stiff source term are introduced to approximate system of conservation laws in curvilinear coordinates. Based on them, the semi-implicit relaxing schemes are con- structed as in [6, 12] without using any linear or nonlinear Riemann solvers. Numerical experiments for one-dimensional and two-dimensional problems are presented to demon- strate the performance and resolution of the current schemes.
文摘Presents a study which examined a cell entropy inequality for a class of local relaxation approximation relaxing scheme for scalar conservation laws. Way to obtain the scheme; Use of numerical entropy condition for the approximation.
文摘Postoperative visual acuity can be limited by post-keratoplasty astigmatism,even with a clear corneal graft.Astigmatism management can be performed by selective suture removal,adjustment of sutures,optical correction,photorefractive procedures,wedge resection,intra-ocular lens implantation,intracorneal ring segments,relaxing incisions with or without compression sutures and repeated keratoplasty.Relaxing incisions can be made in the graft,graft-host interface or host cornea.Despite the unpredictability of the method because the flat and steep meridians are usually not orthogonal after penetrating keratoplasty,with asymmetric power distribution,all the studies showed an overall reduction of refractive,keratometric or topographic astigmatism,ranging from 30%to 72%with manual or femtosecond-assisted techniques.Most patients with astigmatism higher than 6 diopters had residual cylinder less than or equal to 3 diopters,which can be treated by laser excimer ablation or secondary intraocular lens implantation.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Direct observation was made by using the patch-clamp technique with a specially designed microperfusion system to investigate the effect of acetylcholine (Ach 10^(-6) mol/L) elicited endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) on the calcium-activated potassium channel (IK(Ca))in the smooth muscle cells of mesenteric resistance vessels in Wistar rats. Activation of IK(Ca) was firstly observed by inducing the elicited EDRF or sodium nitroprusside (SNP 10^(-8) mol/L) under various clamping voltages in cell-attached configuration. While the pipette solution contained KCl 126 mmol/L and the bath solution contained KCl 5.9 mmol/L, two types of conductances of calcium-activated potassium current being 76.4±2.3 pS(mean±S.E. n = 7) and 160.3±7.5 pS (mean±S.E. n= 7) were recorded during the EDRF activation, one type of conductance being 100.5±2.8 pS (mean±S.E. n = 6) was activated by nitric oxide (NO) which is an effective component from SNP. Differences in kinetic characteristics of these channels between EDRF and NO activation were found, particularly the probability of the channel being open in EDRF activation was obviously greater than that in NO stimulation. It has been shown that the potassium channel mechanisms involved in the EDRF and NO actions might be different.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaLaboratory of Computational Physics of Beijing IAPCM
文摘Presents a central relaxing scheme for scalar conservation laws. Details on the preliminary equations; Properties of the relaxed schemes; Conclusions.
基金The National Natural Science Foundations of China (12202219)the Natural Science Foundations of Ningxia (2024AAC02009, 2023AAC05001)the Ningxia Youth Top Talents Training Project。
文摘The fast solution of linear equations has always been one of the hot spots in scientific computing.A kind of the diagonal matrix splitting iteration methods are provided,which is different from the classical matrix splitting methods.Taking the decomposition of the diagonal elements for coefficient matrix as the key point,some new preconditioners are constructed.Taking the tri-diagonal coefficient matrix as an example,the convergence domains and optimal relaxation factor of the new method are analyzed theoretically.The presented new iteration methods are applied to solve linear algebraic equations,even 2D and 3D diffusion problems with the fully implicit discretization.The results of numerical experiments are matched with the theoretical analysis,and show that the iteration numbers are reduced greatly.The superiorities of presented iteration methods exceed some classical iteration methods dramatically.
基金National Natural Science Foundation (No.19901031), Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Projects of China, and the Found
文摘Presents a study on the cell entropy inequality for two classes of fully discrete relaxing schemes approximating scalar conservation laws. Main advantage of the schemes; Review of the construction of the relaxing system with a stiff source term; Conclusions.
文摘It’s never too early in the year to start planning a break from the stress of city life,and southwest China’s charming Guizhou Province is a destination that should be right at the top of your list.
文摘In order to enable wing morphing(e.g.change in camber or folds)without incurring additional weight to the aircraft,lightweight flexible materials such as membrane are needed.However,the research on fluid-structure coupling of membranes has mainly focused on parachutes in low-speed conditions,while that in supersonic flow conditions is lacking.Here,the degraded shell method is proposed to study membrane deformation by using shell element,which is more effective than using membrane elements directly.A fluid-structure interaction computational framework is proposed,whereby the aerodynamic module is composed of either the piston theory or computational fluid dynamics.A rectangular membrane of length 0.4 m and width 0.6 m is investigated in supersonic conditions.The characteristics of the limit cycle and steady deformation are analyzed,considering the effects of angle of attack and dynamic pressure.It is found that the structural response exhibits significant differences under various angles of attack.Furthermore,initial relaxation of membrane has significant influence on the structural deformation.Finally,the aeroelastic scaling method for membrane structures is derived,providing guidance for the design of wind tunnel models.This study provides a theoretical foundation for the analysis and application of membrane structures under supersonic conditions in future research.
基金supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(RS-2023-NR076521,RS-2025-00519481)the Research Grant of Kwangwoon University in 2023.
文摘The photovoltaic performance of metal halide perovskite solar cells often respond divergently to environmental conditions during storage.In particular,light exposure can either enhance or degrade device efficiency,yet the mechanisms underlying these antithetical behaviors are still under investigation.In this study,we explore the modulation of the open-circuit voltage(Voc)in triple-cation mixed-halide perovskite solar cells by systematically controlling storage environments.While light intensity exhibits minimal impact during storage,the spectral composition of illumination selectively enhances Voc comprising reversible and irreversible contributions.Structural characterization reveals that prolonged storage degrades the quality of perovskite crystals in the upper region of the perovskite layer,whereas light storage promotes the relaxation of microstrain at the buried interface with a p-type organic layer.This structural reorganization at the interface,accompanied by lattice expansion,accounts for suppressed nonradiative recombination and a corresponding increase in quasi-Fermi level splitting.Consequently,devices fabricated without chemical defect passivation achieve a power conversion efficiency of higher than 40%under indoor lighting conditions after preconditioned by continuous exposure to ambient light during storage.These findings highlight the critical role of controlled light exposure during storage not only in enhancing efficiency,but also in ensuring reproducibility of perovskite solar cell characterization.
基金support of her postdoctoral research at the GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences.P.Pan acknowledges the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52339001)H.Hofmann and Y.Ji acknowledge the financial support of the Helmholtz Association's Initiative and Networking Fund for the Helmholtz Young Investigator Group ARES(contract number VH-NG-1516).
文摘A multi-stage stress relaxation test was performed on a granodiorite sample to understand the deformation process prior to the macroscopic failure of brittle rocks,as well as the transient response during stress relaxation.Distributed optical fiber sensing was used to measure strains across the sample surface by helically wrapping the single-mode fiber around the cylindrical sample.Close agreement was observed between the circumferential strains obtained from the optical fibers and the extensometer.The reconstructed full-field strain contours show strain heterogeneity from the crack closure phase,and the strains in the later deformation phase are dominantly localized within the former high-strain zone.The Gini coefficient was used to quantify the degree of strain localization and shows an initial increase during the crack closure phase,a decrease during the linear elastic phase,and a subsequent increase during the post-yielding phase.This behavior corresponds to a process of initial localization from an imperfect boundary condition,homogenization,and eventual relocalization prior to the macroscopic failure of the sample.The transient strain rate decay during the stress relaxation phase was quantified using the p-value in the“Omori-like"power law function.A higher initial stress at the onset of relaxation results in a lower p-value,indicating a slower strain rate decay.As the sample approaches macroscopic failure,the lowest p-value shifts from the most damaged zone to adjacent areas,suggesting stress redistribution or crack propagation in deformed crystalline rocks under stress relaxation conditions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62571248 and Grant 62201266Key Laboratory of Intelligent Space TTC&O(Space Engineering University),Ministry of Education under Grant CYK2025-01-12。
文摘Integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)is an appealing approach to address spectrum congestion and beamforming is an effective method to realize ISAC.In this paper,we investigate the beamforming design problem for multiple-input multipleoutput(MIMO)ISAC systems and propose to maximize the radar beampattern gain of the target direction while ensuring the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio(SINR)constraints of communication users.Particularly,we discuss two cases of ISAC transmit beamforming,i.e.,Case-Ⅰand Case-Ⅱ,which do not have and do have the dedicated probing signal,respectively.For these two cases of transmit beamforming design problems,we start from the single-user scenario and provide the closed-form solutions for MIMO ISAC beamforming vectors.Then,we consider the multiuser scenario and utilize the semidefinite relaxation technique to convert the beamforming design problems into convex semidefinite programming problems.Furthermore,we investigate the impact of the channel correlation between radar and communication on the performance gain of MIMO ISAC systems and characterize the performance tradeoff.Numerical results validate that the dedicated probing signal is unnecessary in the single-user scenario,whereas it has a slight improvement in target detection performance at low SINR thresholds in the multi-user scenario.It is also shown that the stronger the correlation between radar and communication channels,the greater the performance gain of the system.
