What the researchers go in for is to establish models between root architecture （RA） changes and nutrition, mold ideal root architecture of apple trees, improve the nutrient uptake efficiency, and further explore th...What the researchers go in for is to establish models between root architecture （RA） changes and nutrition, mold ideal root architecture of apple trees, improve the nutrient uptake efficiency, and further explore the functional mechanism of nutrient elements during the course of RA construction. The cultivation system of filter paper is utilized to research the effect of nutrient deficiency on the RA of Malus hupehensis （Pamp.） Rehd. There may be eight types of RA. In complete Hogland solution, the main type of RA is ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper and middle regions of primary root＂. With the lack of P, K or Ca, the main type of RA is ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper region primary root＂, and the ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper and middle regions of primary root＂ types of RA decrease. But with shortage of P, the type of lateral roots clustering in the upper and lower regions of primary root increases, and the type of lateral roots clustering in the middle region of primary root decreases, with the types of RA diversified. Under the condition of K deficiency, the type of no lateral root increases and types of lateral roots clustering in the middle region of primary root decrease, and the percentage of such types as ＂no lateral root＂, ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper region of primary root＂, and ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper and middle regions of primary root＂ accounts for 97.9% in all, with the types of RA simplified. With lack of Fe, Mg or Zn, the main type of RA is ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper and middle regions of primary root＂, but the type of lateral roots evenly-distributed on primary root increases. The main type of RA is ＂lateral roots evenlydistributed on primary root＂, under the condition of N deficiency, and the types of RA turn out to be diversified. There exists a close relation between nutrient deficiency and RA changes. Owing to various forms of nutrient deficiency, correspondingly different types of RA have been produced.展开更多
This paper studied the effects of cinnamon acid treatments on the respiratory rate and related enzymes activity in the seedling roots of Malus hupehensis Rehd.It would provide information for understanding the mechani...This paper studied the effects of cinnamon acid treatments on the respiratory rate and related enzymes activity in the seedling roots of Malus hupehensis Rehd.It would provide information for understanding the mechanisms of inhibition damage caused by continuous cultivation of apple tree.20 mL of solution containing different concentrations of cinnamon acid was added into container with the tested seedlings.After treatment,the samples were taken periodically and the respiratory rates were measured by OXY-LAB oxygen electrodes under 25°C stable temperature and then the activities of related enzymes were measured.The rates of total respiration and other 2 pathways [tricarboxylic acid cycle （TCA） and pentose phosphate pathway （PPP）] appeared initially an increasing treads and late （on the 3rd d） began to decline.However,they again appeared an increase trend at the end period,on the contrast,the respiratory rate of embden-meyer- hot-parnas （EMP） pathway appeared a stead decline tread but it had a recover on the last day.The respiratory rate of total and 3 pathways were decreased under 125 mg kg-1 （soil）.The dynamic trends of the enzymes activities of pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase （PFK）,glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase （G-6-PDH） and malate dehydrogenase （MDH） showed similarly.In conclusion,treatments of certain concentration of cinnamon acid would inhibit the respiratory rate and related enzymes activity of roots of M.hupehensis Rehd.And the inhibition degrees were positively related with concentration of cinnamon acid treatments.展开更多
The free putrescine （Put） content, the hydrogen peroxide （H202） content and the polyamine oxidase （PAO） activity in roots of Malus hupehensis Rehd. var. pinyiensis Jiang （PYTC） were significantly increased, an...The free putrescine （Put） content, the hydrogen peroxide （H202） content and the polyamine oxidase （PAO） activity in roots of Malus hupehensis Rehd. var. pinyiensis Jiang （PYTC） were significantly increased, and reached its peak at 1, 2 and 6 h, respectively, under cadmium treatment. The free spermine （Spin） and spermidine （Spd） contents were dramatically decreased, and reached the minimum value at 4-6 h, then remained relatively stable. The change in total free polyammes （PAs） content was consistent with that of free Put. The number of root dead cells was gradually increased after treatment for 24 h, and the typical characteristics of programmed cell death （PCD） were displayed at 48 h. Throughout the Cd treatment process, changes in PAs metabolism appeared to be prior to cell death increase, and the H2O2 content was always maintained at a high level. These results indicated that polyamines could initiate cell death by generating H2O2 in roots of Malus hupehensis Rehd. under CdSO4 stress.展开更多
Manganese(Mn)is one of the essential microelements in all organisms.However,high level of Mn is deleterious to plants.In this study,the effects of exogenous manganese application on mineral element,polyamine(PA)and an...Manganese(Mn)is one of the essential microelements in all organisms.However,high level of Mn is deleterious to plants.In this study,the effects of exogenous manganese application on mineral element,polyamine(PA)and antioxidant accumulation,as well as polyamine metabolic and antioxidant enzyme activities,were investigated in Malus robusta Rehd.,a widely grown apple rootstock.High level of Mn treatments decreased endogenous Mg,Na,K and Ca contents,but increased Zn content,in a Mn-concentration-dependent manner.Polyamine metabolic assays revealed that,except the content of perchloric acid insoluble bound(PIS-bound)spermine,which increased significantly,the contents of putrescine(Put),spermidine(Spd)and spermine(Spm)all decreased progressively,accompanied with the decreased activities of arginine decarboxylase(ADC,EC 4.1.1.19)and ornithine decarboxylase(ODC,EC 4.1.1.17),and the increased activities of diamine oxidase(DAO,EC 1.4.3.6)and polyamine oxidase(PAO,EC 1.5.3.3).Further antioxidant capacity analyses demonstrated that contents of anthocyanin,non-protein thiols(NPT)and soluble sugar,and the activities of guaiacol peroxidase(POD,EC 1.11.1.7),catalase(CAT,EC 1.11.1.6)and superoxide dismutase(SOD,EC 1.15.1.1),also increased upon different concentrations of Mn treatments.Our results suggest that endogenous ion homeostasis is affected by high level of Mn application,and polyamine and antioxidant metabolism is involved in the responses of M.robusta Rehd.plants to high level of Mn stress.展开更多
Putrescine plays a role in superficial scald development during the cold storage of pear fruit.However,the molecular mechanism behind this phenomenon has not been un-fully clarified until recently.In this study,a conj...Putrescine plays a role in superficial scald development during the cold storage of pear fruit.However,the molecular mechanism behind this phenomenon has not been un-fully clarified until recently.In this study,a conjoint analysis of metabolites and gene expression profiles in the putrescine-metabolic pathway of P.bretschneideri Rehd.fruit followed by experimental validation revealed that PbrADC1,forming a homodimer in the chloroplast,was involved in putrescine biosynthesis and thus fruit chilling resistance.Additionally,the substrate-binding residue Cys^(546)in PbrADC1,whose activity was modified by H_(2)O_(2),played a crucial role in arginine decarboxylation into agmatine.Through a combined analysis of the distribution of cis-acting elements in the PbrADC1 promoter as well as the expression profiles of related transcription factors(TFs),several TFs were identified as upstream regulators of PbrADC1 gene.Further investigation revealed that the nuclear PbrWRKY62 could directly bind to the W-box elements in the PbrADC1 promoter,activate its expression,enhance putrescine accumulation,and thus increase fruit chilling tolerance.In conclusion,our results suggest that the PbrWRKY62-PbrADC1 module is involved in the development of superficial scald in P.bretschneideri Rehd.fruit via regulating putrescine biosynthesis.Consequently,these findings could serve as valuable genetic resources for breeding scald-resistant pear fruit.展开更多
Abstract: Two new hetisine-type C20-diterpenoid alkaloids named spiraqine (1) and 6-hydroxylspiraqine (2), and four known alkaloids, namely spiredine (3), spiradine A (4), spiradine B (5), and spirasine V/VI (6), were...Abstract: Two new hetisine-type C20-diterpenoid alkaloids named spiraqine (1) and 6-hydroxylspiraqine (2), and four known alkaloids, namely spiredine (3), spiradine A (4), spiradine B (5), and spirasine V/VI (6), were isolated from Spiraea japonica L. f. var. fortunei(Planchon) Rehd. The structures of the alkaloids were elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance analysis (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, HMQC, and HMBC) and mass spectrometry data.展开更多
Abstract: Schisandra rubriflora Rehd. et Wils. is a traditional Chinese medicine. To search for new and bioactive components from traditional Chinese medicines and provide scientific evidence for taxonomy, the chemica...Abstract: Schisandra rubriflora Rehd. et Wils. is a traditional Chinese medicine. To search for new and bioactive components from traditional Chinese medicines and provide scientific evidence for taxonomy, the chemical constituents of the plant were investigated by various column chromatography methods (silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and RP-18). From the aerial parts of S. rubriflora, three new megastigmane glycosides, namely (3S, 5R, 6S, 9R)-megastigmane-3, 9-diol 3-O-[α-L-arabionfuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside] (1), 7-megastigmene-3-ol-9-one 3-O-[α-L-arabionfuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside] (2), and megastigmane-3α, 4β, 9σ-triol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), along with 14 known compounds, were isolated. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic and chemical methods.展开更多
Lagerstroemia indica L.has a high medicinal value,its bark,leaves and flowers can be used as medicine.Its flowers are reddish,purple,or white,thereinto,the white one is called L.indica Linn.f.alba(Nichols.)Rehd.,which...Lagerstroemia indica L.has a high medicinal value,its bark,leaves and flowers can be used as medicine.Its flowers are reddish,purple,or white,thereinto,the white one is called L.indica Linn.f.alba(Nichols.)Rehd.,which is a forma of L.indica.In this paper,the hypoglycemic effects of different extracts from flowers of L.indica(LIF)and L.indica L.f.alba(Nichols.)Rehd.(LIAF)were investigated byα-glucosidase inhibitory method in vitro and alloxan-induced diabetic mice model in vivo,respectively.The results in vitro showed that ethyl acetate extracts(EA)of LIF and LIAF(IC_(50)=4.45 and 4.09µg/mL,resepectively)had the highest inhibitory activity ofα-glucosidase,and followed by n-butyl alcohol extracts(BU)(IC_(50)=17.01 and 14.58µg/mL,respectively),and the last was petroleum ether extracts(PE)(IC_(50)=103.29 and 112.47µg/mL,respectively),the activities of all extracts were higher than that of the positive control(acarbose,IC_(50)=1278.83µg/mL).The results in vivo showed that compared with the model control group,each dose group of LIF could significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01 or P<0.001)decrease fasting blood glucose,total cholesterol(TC)level and malondialdehyde(MDA)content in diabetic mice and increase superoxide dismutase(SOD)level(P<0.05)in serum.Partial dose groups of LIF could significantly(P<0.05)decrease postprandial blood glucose,triglyceride(TG)and increase liver glycogen content.Each dose group of LIAF could significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01 or P<0.001)decrease fasting blood glucose,TC level and increase SOD level in serum.Partial dose groups of LIAF could significantly(P<0.05)decrease TG,MDA level and increase liver glycogen content.These results indicate that LIF and LIAF had effective prevention and treatment effects on the development for diabetes.展开更多
文摘What the researchers go in for is to establish models between root architecture （RA） changes and nutrition, mold ideal root architecture of apple trees, improve the nutrient uptake efficiency, and further explore the functional mechanism of nutrient elements during the course of RA construction. The cultivation system of filter paper is utilized to research the effect of nutrient deficiency on the RA of Malus hupehensis （Pamp.） Rehd. There may be eight types of RA. In complete Hogland solution, the main type of RA is ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper and middle regions of primary root＂. With the lack of P, K or Ca, the main type of RA is ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper region primary root＂, and the ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper and middle regions of primary root＂ types of RA decrease. But with shortage of P, the type of lateral roots clustering in the upper and lower regions of primary root increases, and the type of lateral roots clustering in the middle region of primary root decreases, with the types of RA diversified. Under the condition of K deficiency, the type of no lateral root increases and types of lateral roots clustering in the middle region of primary root decrease, and the percentage of such types as ＂no lateral root＂, ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper region of primary root＂, and ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper and middle regions of primary root＂ accounts for 97.9% in all, with the types of RA simplified. With lack of Fe, Mg or Zn, the main type of RA is ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper and middle regions of primary root＂, but the type of lateral roots evenly-distributed on primary root increases. The main type of RA is ＂lateral roots evenlydistributed on primary root＂, under the condition of N deficiency, and the types of RA turn out to be diversified. There exists a close relation between nutrient deficiency and RA changes. Owing to various forms of nutrient deficiency, correspondingly different types of RA have been produced.
基金suppoted by the Project of 948 from Ministry of Agriculture of China (2006-G28)the Non-profit Research Foundation from Ministry of Agriculture of China (nyhyzx07-024)+1 种基金the Ear Marked Fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System, Chinathe Key Innovation Project for Agricultural Application Technology of Shandong Province, China.
文摘This paper studied the effects of cinnamon acid treatments on the respiratory rate and related enzymes activity in the seedling roots of Malus hupehensis Rehd.It would provide information for understanding the mechanisms of inhibition damage caused by continuous cultivation of apple tree.20 mL of solution containing different concentrations of cinnamon acid was added into container with the tested seedlings.After treatment,the samples were taken periodically and the respiratory rates were measured by OXY-LAB oxygen electrodes under 25°C stable temperature and then the activities of related enzymes were measured.The rates of total respiration and other 2 pathways [tricarboxylic acid cycle （TCA） and pentose phosphate pathway （PPP）] appeared initially an increasing treads and late （on the 3rd d） began to decline.However,they again appeared an increase trend at the end period,on the contrast,the respiratory rate of embden-meyer- hot-parnas （EMP） pathway appeared a stead decline tread but it had a recover on the last day.The respiratory rate of total and 3 pathways were decreased under 125 mg kg-1 （soil）.The dynamic trends of the enzymes activities of pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase （PFK）,glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase （G-6-PDH） and malate dehydrogenase （MDH） showed similarly.In conclusion,treatments of certain concentration of cinnamon acid would inhibit the respiratory rate and related enzymes activity of roots of M.hupehensis Rehd.And the inhibition degrees were positively related with concentration of cinnamon acid treatments.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30671452 and 31171923)
文摘The free putrescine （Put） content, the hydrogen peroxide （H202） content and the polyamine oxidase （PAO） activity in roots of Malus hupehensis Rehd. var. pinyiensis Jiang （PYTC） were significantly increased, and reached its peak at 1, 2 and 6 h, respectively, under cadmium treatment. The free spermine （Spin） and spermidine （Spd） contents were dramatically decreased, and reached the minimum value at 4-6 h, then remained relatively stable. The change in total free polyammes （PAs） content was consistent with that of free Put. The number of root dead cells was gradually increased after treatment for 24 h, and the typical characteristics of programmed cell death （PCD） were displayed at 48 h. Throughout the Cd treatment process, changes in PAs metabolism appeared to be prior to cell death increase, and the H2O2 content was always maintained at a high level. These results indicated that polyamines could initiate cell death by generating H2O2 in roots of Malus hupehensis Rehd. under CdSO4 stress.
基金This work was jointly supported by the following grants:The National Natural Science Foundation of China(31701866 and 31870576)The Youth Fund of Shandong Natural Science Foundation(ZR2016CQ27)+1 种基金The National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD1000500)the Key R&D project of Shandong Province(2018GNC110007).
文摘Manganese(Mn)is one of the essential microelements in all organisms.However,high level of Mn is deleterious to plants.In this study,the effects of exogenous manganese application on mineral element,polyamine(PA)and antioxidant accumulation,as well as polyamine metabolic and antioxidant enzyme activities,were investigated in Malus robusta Rehd.,a widely grown apple rootstock.High level of Mn treatments decreased endogenous Mg,Na,K and Ca contents,but increased Zn content,in a Mn-concentration-dependent manner.Polyamine metabolic assays revealed that,except the content of perchloric acid insoluble bound(PIS-bound)spermine,which increased significantly,the contents of putrescine(Put),spermidine(Spd)and spermine(Spm)all decreased progressively,accompanied with the decreased activities of arginine decarboxylase(ADC,EC 4.1.1.19)and ornithine decarboxylase(ODC,EC 4.1.1.17),and the increased activities of diamine oxidase(DAO,EC 1.4.3.6)and polyamine oxidase(PAO,EC 1.5.3.3).Further antioxidant capacity analyses demonstrated that contents of anthocyanin,non-protein thiols(NPT)and soluble sugar,and the activities of guaiacol peroxidase(POD,EC 1.11.1.7),catalase(CAT,EC 1.11.1.6)and superoxide dismutase(SOD,EC 1.15.1.1),also increased upon different concentrations of Mn treatments.Our results suggest that endogenous ion homeostasis is affected by high level of Mn application,and polyamine and antioxidant metabolism is involved in the responses of M.robusta Rehd.plants to high level of Mn stress.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32302615,31872070,31830081&31701868)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(2022JJA130045)+5 种基金the Municipal Science and Technology Project of Alar(Xinjiang)in 2022(2022XX5)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JCQY201901)the Seed Industry Promotion Project of Jiangsu(JBGS(2021)022)the Guidance Foundation of the Hainan Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University(NAUSYMS08)the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(22)2025)the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,and the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-28).
文摘Putrescine plays a role in superficial scald development during the cold storage of pear fruit.However,the molecular mechanism behind this phenomenon has not been un-fully clarified until recently.In this study,a conjoint analysis of metabolites and gene expression profiles in the putrescine-metabolic pathway of P.bretschneideri Rehd.fruit followed by experimental validation revealed that PbrADC1,forming a homodimer in the chloroplast,was involved in putrescine biosynthesis and thus fruit chilling resistance.Additionally,the substrate-binding residue Cys^(546)in PbrADC1,whose activity was modified by H_(2)O_(2),played a crucial role in arginine decarboxylation into agmatine.Through a combined analysis of the distribution of cis-acting elements in the PbrADC1 promoter as well as the expression profiles of related transcription factors(TFs),several TFs were identified as upstream regulators of PbrADC1 gene.Further investigation revealed that the nuclear PbrWRKY62 could directly bind to the W-box elements in the PbrADC1 promoter,activate its expression,enhance putrescine accumulation,and thus increase fruit chilling tolerance.In conclusion,our results suggest that the PbrWRKY62-PbrADC1 module is involved in the development of superficial scald in P.bretschneideri Rehd.fruit via regulating putrescine biosynthesis.Consequently,these findings could serve as valuable genetic resources for breeding scald-resistant pear fruit.
文摘Abstract: Two new hetisine-type C20-diterpenoid alkaloids named spiraqine (1) and 6-hydroxylspiraqine (2), and four known alkaloids, namely spiredine (3), spiradine A (4), spiradine B (5), and spirasine V/VI (6), were isolated from Spiraea japonica L. f. var. fortunei(Planchon) Rehd. The structures of the alkaloids were elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance analysis (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, HMQC, and HMBC) and mass spectrometry data.
文摘Abstract: Schisandra rubriflora Rehd. et Wils. is a traditional Chinese medicine. To search for new and bioactive components from traditional Chinese medicines and provide scientific evidence for taxonomy, the chemical constituents of the plant were investigated by various column chromatography methods (silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and RP-18). From the aerial parts of S. rubriflora, three new megastigmane glycosides, namely (3S, 5R, 6S, 9R)-megastigmane-3, 9-diol 3-O-[α-L-arabionfuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside] (1), 7-megastigmene-3-ol-9-one 3-O-[α-L-arabionfuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside] (2), and megastigmane-3α, 4β, 9σ-triol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), along with 14 known compounds, were isolated. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic and chemical methods.
基金This work was funded by Research on Precision Nutrition and Health Food,Department of Science and Technology of Henan Province(CXJD2021006).
文摘Lagerstroemia indica L.has a high medicinal value,its bark,leaves and flowers can be used as medicine.Its flowers are reddish,purple,or white,thereinto,the white one is called L.indica Linn.f.alba(Nichols.)Rehd.,which is a forma of L.indica.In this paper,the hypoglycemic effects of different extracts from flowers of L.indica(LIF)and L.indica L.f.alba(Nichols.)Rehd.(LIAF)were investigated byα-glucosidase inhibitory method in vitro and alloxan-induced diabetic mice model in vivo,respectively.The results in vitro showed that ethyl acetate extracts(EA)of LIF and LIAF(IC_(50)=4.45 and 4.09µg/mL,resepectively)had the highest inhibitory activity ofα-glucosidase,and followed by n-butyl alcohol extracts(BU)(IC_(50)=17.01 and 14.58µg/mL,respectively),and the last was petroleum ether extracts(PE)(IC_(50)=103.29 and 112.47µg/mL,respectively),the activities of all extracts were higher than that of the positive control(acarbose,IC_(50)=1278.83µg/mL).The results in vivo showed that compared with the model control group,each dose group of LIF could significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01 or P<0.001)decrease fasting blood glucose,total cholesterol(TC)level and malondialdehyde(MDA)content in diabetic mice and increase superoxide dismutase(SOD)level(P<0.05)in serum.Partial dose groups of LIF could significantly(P<0.05)decrease postprandial blood glucose,triglyceride(TG)and increase liver glycogen content.Each dose group of LIAF could significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01 or P<0.001)decrease fasting blood glucose,TC level and increase SOD level in serum.Partial dose groups of LIAF could significantly(P<0.05)decrease TG,MDA level and increase liver glycogen content.These results indicate that LIF and LIAF had effective prevention and treatment effects on the development for diabetes.
