This study explores the molecular design of sulfur-containing polymers with high refractive indices(RI)and optimized Abbe numbers for advanced optical applications.The high molar refraction and low dispersion of sulfu...This study explores the molecular design of sulfur-containing polymers with high refractive indices(RI)and optimized Abbe numbers for advanced optical applications.The high molar refraction and low dispersion of sulfur make it an ideal component for enhancing the optical properties of polymers.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations were employed to predict the RI and Abbe numbers for a range of sulfurbased polymers.To improve the accuracy of the theoretical predictions,a correction function was developed by comparing the calculated values with experimental data.The key polymer families investigated included sulfur-containing polycarbonates,heterocyclic optical resins,and cycloolefins,all modified to balance RI enhancement with dispersion control.The results demonstrate that increasing the sulfur content and introducing specific heterocycles and bridged rings can effectively increase the RI while maintaining desirable Abbe numbers.Polymers incorporating 1,4-dithiane and sulfur-bridged rings exhibit excellent optical clarity and minimal visible light absorption,making them suitable for lens and coating applications.The study also calculated the UV-visible spectra for the most promising polymers,confirming their high transparency.This work establishes a predictive framework for developing high-performance optical polymers and offers a systematic approach for balancing the refractive index and dispersion,thereby providing valuable insights for the design of next-generation optical materials.展开更多
With the benefits of low latency,wide transmission bandwidth,and large mode field area,hollow-core antiresonant fiber(HC-ARF)has been a research hotspot in the past decade.In this paper,a hollow core step-index antire...With the benefits of low latency,wide transmission bandwidth,and large mode field area,hollow-core antiresonant fiber(HC-ARF)has been a research hotspot in the past decade.In this paper,a hollow core step-index antiresonant fiber(HC-SARF),with stepped refractive indices cladding,is proposed and numerically demonstrated with the benefits of loss reduction and bending improvement.Glass-based capil-laries with both high(n=1.45)and low(as low as n=1.36)refractive indices layers are introduced and formatted in the cladding air holes.Using the finite element method to perform numerical analysis of the designed fiber,results show that at the laser wavelengths of 980 and 1064 nm,the confinement loss is favorably reduced by about 6 dB/km compared with the conventional uniform cladding HC-ARF.The bending loss,around 15 cm bending radius of this fiber,is also reduced by 2 dB/km.The cladding air hole radius in this fiber is further investigated to optimize the confinement loss and the mode field diameter with single-mode transmission behavior.This proposed HC-SARF has great potential in optical fiber transmission and high energy delivery.展开更多
We present a 3+1 formulation of the light modes in nonlinear electrodynamics described by Plebanski-type Lagrangians,which include post-Maxwellian,Born-Infeld,ModMax,and Heisenberg-Euler-Schwinger QED Lagrangians.In n...We present a 3+1 formulation of the light modes in nonlinear electrodynamics described by Plebanski-type Lagrangians,which include post-Maxwellian,Born-Infeld,ModMax,and Heisenberg-Euler-Schwinger QED Lagrangians.In nonlinear electrodynamics,strong electromagnetic fields modify the vacuum such that it acquires optical properties.Such a field-modified vacuum can possess electric permittivity,magnetic permeability,and a magneto-electric response,inducing novel phenomena such as vacuum birefringence.By exploiting the mathematical structures of Plebanski-type Lagrangians,we establish a streamlined procedure and explicit formulas to determine light modes,i.e.,refractive indices and polarization vectors for a given propagation direction.We also work out the light modes of the various Lagrangians for an arbitrarily strong magnetic field.The 3+1 formulation advanced in this paper has direct applications to the current vacuum birefringence research:terrestrial experiments using permanent magnets/ultra-intense lasers for the subcritical regime and astrophysical observation of X-rays from highly magnetized neutron stars for the near-critical and supercritical regimes.展开更多
Sum frequency generation spectroscopy（SFG） has been widely used to study the interfacial chemistry of aqueous salt solutions of biological or environmental importance. Most of the SFG data analysis used the same bul...Sum frequency generation spectroscopy（SFG） has been widely used to study the interfacial chemistry of aqueous salt solutions of biological or environmental importance. Most of the SFG data analysis used the same bulk refractive index for different salt concentrations despite of the variations of the refractive indices. Here we systematically investigate the influence of the refractive index on the SFG intensities at various experimental conditions. It is discovered that the SFG intensities are the most sensitive to the refractive index at solid/liquid interfaces nearby the total internal reflection geometries. At air/liquid interfaces, the effect of the refractive indices is also nonegligible. Consequently some important SFG results, such as the response of water structures to the ionic strength at the SiO2/aqueous interfaces, are necessary to be reevaluated. These conclusions on the effect of the small variations of the refractive index are generally useful for the common practice of SFG data analysis.展开更多
The isotropy or anisotropy in some physical properties of the amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) films uniaxially drawn at temperatures above its T-g and then quenched to room temperature have been studied. Experi...The isotropy or anisotropy in some physical properties of the amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) films uniaxially drawn at temperatures above its T-g and then quenched to room temperature have been studied. Experimental results here presented show that this amorphous state of high global chain orientation but nearly random segmental orientation, the GOLR state, is nearly isotropic in refractive indices and Young's modulus for small deformation, while it is very probably anisotropic in thermal conduction and microwave dielectric properties.展开更多
The precise control of optical polarization states has emerged as a cornerstone of photonic engineering,underpinning information encoding,optical processing systems,and quantum stateresolved transmission protocols[1-3...The precise control of optical polarization states has emerged as a cornerstone of photonic engineering,underpinning information encoding,optical processing systems,and quantum stateresolved transmission protocols[1-3].Birefringent crystals exhibit optical anisotropy owing to distinct refractive indices along crystallographic axes,thereby distinguishing them from isotropic optical materials.展开更多
Calibration of the relationship between the scattering angle and the CCD pixel is a key part of achieving accurate measurements of rainbow refractometry.A novel self-calibrated global rainbow refractometry system base...Calibration of the relationship between the scattering angle and the CCD pixel is a key part of achieving accurate measurements of rainbow refractometry.A novel self-calibrated global rainbow refractometry system based on illumination by two lasers of different wavelengths is proposed.The angular calibration and refractive index measurement of two wavelengths can be completed simultaneously without extra measurement devices.The numerical and experimental results show the feasibility and high precision of the self-calibration method,which enables the rainbow refractometry to be implemented in a more powerful and convenient way.The self-calibrated rainbow system is successfully applied to measure the refractive indices of ethanol-water solutions with volume concentrations of 10% to 60%.展开更多
基金supported by the Project of Shenzhen Science and Technology(Nos.JCYJ20210324095210028 and JSGGZD20220822095201003)the Shenzhen University 2035Program for Excellent Research(No.000003011002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U21A2087)。
文摘This study explores the molecular design of sulfur-containing polymers with high refractive indices(RI)and optimized Abbe numbers for advanced optical applications.The high molar refraction and low dispersion of sulfur make it an ideal component for enhancing the optical properties of polymers.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations were employed to predict the RI and Abbe numbers for a range of sulfurbased polymers.To improve the accuracy of the theoretical predictions,a correction function was developed by comparing the calculated values with experimental data.The key polymer families investigated included sulfur-containing polycarbonates,heterocyclic optical resins,and cycloolefins,all modified to balance RI enhancement with dispersion control.The results demonstrate that increasing the sulfur content and introducing specific heterocycles and bridged rings can effectively increase the RI while maintaining desirable Abbe numbers.Polymers incorporating 1,4-dithiane and sulfur-bridged rings exhibit excellent optical clarity and minimal visible light absorption,making them suitable for lens and coating applications.The study also calculated the UV-visible spectra for the most promising polymers,confirming their high transparency.This work establishes a predictive framework for developing high-performance optical polymers and offers a systematic approach for balancing the refractive index and dispersion,thereby providing valuable insights for the design of next-generation optical materials.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62075074)the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2018YFF01011800 and 2018YFB2201901).
文摘With the benefits of low latency,wide transmission bandwidth,and large mode field area,hollow-core antiresonant fiber(HC-ARF)has been a research hotspot in the past decade.In this paper,a hollow core step-index antiresonant fiber(HC-SARF),with stepped refractive indices cladding,is proposed and numerically demonstrated with the benefits of loss reduction and bending improvement.Glass-based capil-laries with both high(n=1.45)and low(as low as n=1.36)refractive indices layers are introduced and formatted in the cladding air holes.Using the finite element method to perform numerical analysis of the designed fiber,results show that at the laser wavelengths of 980 and 1064 nm,the confinement loss is favorably reduced by about 6 dB/km compared with the conventional uniform cladding HC-ARF.The bending loss,around 15 cm bending radius of this fiber,is also reduced by 2 dB/km.The cladding air hole radius in this fiber is further investigated to optimize the confinement loss and the mode field diameter with single-mode transmission behavior.This proposed HC-SARF has great potential in optical fiber transmission and high energy delivery.
基金supported by the Ultrashort Quantum Beam Facility operation program(Grant No.140011)through APRI,GISTalso by the Institute of Basic Science(Grant No.IBSR038-D1).
文摘We present a 3+1 formulation of the light modes in nonlinear electrodynamics described by Plebanski-type Lagrangians,which include post-Maxwellian,Born-Infeld,ModMax,and Heisenberg-Euler-Schwinger QED Lagrangians.In nonlinear electrodynamics,strong electromagnetic fields modify the vacuum such that it acquires optical properties.Such a field-modified vacuum can possess electric permittivity,magnetic permeability,and a magneto-electric response,inducing novel phenomena such as vacuum birefringence.By exploiting the mathematical structures of Plebanski-type Lagrangians,we establish a streamlined procedure and explicit formulas to determine light modes,i.e.,refractive indices and polarization vectors for a given propagation direction.We also work out the light modes of the various Lagrangians for an arbitrarily strong magnetic field.The 3+1 formulation advanced in this paper has direct applications to the current vacuum birefringence research:terrestrial experiments using permanent magnets/ultra-intense lasers for the subcritical regime and astrophysical observation of X-rays from highly magnetized neutron stars for the near-critical and supercritical regimes.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21227802,21303216 and21473217)
文摘Sum frequency generation spectroscopy（SFG） has been widely used to study the interfacial chemistry of aqueous salt solutions of biological or environmental importance. Most of the SFG data analysis used the same bulk refractive index for different salt concentrations despite of the variations of the refractive indices. Here we systematically investigate the influence of the refractive index on the SFG intensities at various experimental conditions. It is discovered that the SFG intensities are the most sensitive to the refractive index at solid/liquid interfaces nearby the total internal reflection geometries. At air/liquid interfaces, the effect of the refractive indices is also nonegligible. Consequently some important SFG results, such as the response of water structures to the ionic strength at the SiO2/aqueous interfaces, are necessary to be reevaluated. These conclusions on the effect of the small variations of the refractive index are generally useful for the common practice of SFG data analysis.
文摘The isotropy or anisotropy in some physical properties of the amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) films uniaxially drawn at temperatures above its T-g and then quenched to room temperature have been studied. Experimental results here presented show that this amorphous state of high global chain orientation but nearly random segmental orientation, the GOLR state, is nearly isotropic in refractive indices and Young's modulus for small deformation, while it is very probably anisotropic in thermal conduction and microwave dielectric properties.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB3601502)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22193044,22361132544,22335007,52172012)+5 种基金CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-024)Xinjiang Major Science and Technology Project(2021A01001)Tianshan Talent Project(2022TSYCJU0001,2022TSYCCX0078)Xinjiang University 2024 Outstanding Doctoral Students’Innovation Project(XJU2024BS053)Postdoctoral Fellow-Ship Program(Grade C)(GZC20232959)Tianchi Talent Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region。
文摘The precise control of optical polarization states has emerged as a cornerstone of photonic engineering,underpinning information encoding,optical processing systems,and quantum stateresolved transmission protocols[1-3].Birefringent crystals exhibit optical anisotropy owing to distinct refractive indices along crystallographic axes,thereby distinguishing them from isotropic optical materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51576177)the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51390491)+1 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2015CB251501)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to University(No.B08026)
文摘Calibration of the relationship between the scattering angle and the CCD pixel is a key part of achieving accurate measurements of rainbow refractometry.A novel self-calibrated global rainbow refractometry system based on illumination by two lasers of different wavelengths is proposed.The angular calibration and refractive index measurement of two wavelengths can be completed simultaneously without extra measurement devices.The numerical and experimental results show the feasibility and high precision of the self-calibration method,which enables the rainbow refractometry to be implemented in a more powerful and convenient way.The self-calibrated rainbow system is successfully applied to measure the refractive indices of ethanol-water solutions with volume concentrations of 10% to 60%.
