Based on studies of the reflectance of Ordovician and Silurian zooclasts from 11 sections around the Huangling Anticline, Hubei, China, combined with determination of the conodont colour alteration indices (CAI) and o...Based on studies of the reflectance of Ordovician and Silurian zooclasts from 11 sections around the Huangling Anticline, Hubei, China, combined with determination of the conodont colour alteration indices (CAI) and of infrared spectroscopy of dispersed organic matter from the same or adjacent horizons, it is further proved that reflectances of graptolites, chitinozoans and scolecldonts, like vitrinite and natural bitumen, increase with increasing maturation, but follow different reflectance paths. They may be used, therefore, as thermal maturation indicators. Graptolites display optically strong anisotropy. The maximum reflectance measured from graptolite on polished section cut parallel to the bedding plane is the most suitable for determination of maturation of their host rocks. In polished section chitinozoan and scolecodont show reflectance, but no bireflectance owing to their isotropy. The random reflectance of chitinozoans is higher than that of scolecodonts in the case of the same maturity. By analysing the distribution trends of graptolite, chitionzoan and scolecodont reflectances, the Ordovician and Silurian strata can be subdivided into three areas of maturation in the present region. The potential of oil or gas generation is discussed for each area. The result is basically coincident with the distribution pattern of regional organic maturation presented by CAI and infrared spectroscopic determination of organic matter.展开更多
In this study,polyacrylic acid(PAA)films were employed as a model system,and a series of PAA films with tunable water wettability was systematically prepared by varying molecular weight and curing temperature.Using at...In this study,polyacrylic acid(PAA)films were employed as a model system,and a series of PAA films with tunable water wettability was systematically prepared by varying molecular weight and curing temperature.Using attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR),the molecular configurations of surface carboxyl groups(COOH),free carboxyl(COOH_(f))and hydrogen-bonded carboxyl(COOH_(HB),were directly correlated with the polar component of surface energy(γ^(s,p)).By decomposing theγ^(s,p)values of the PAA thin films as a sum of the contributions of COOH_(f)and COOH_(H B),the intrinsic polar component of surface energy of COOH_(H B)(γ_(H B)^(s,p*))was quantified for the first time as 8.34 mN/m,significantly lower than that of COOH_(f)(γ_(f)^(s,p*)=34 mN/m).This result highlights that hydrogen bonding markedly reduces theγ^(s,p),providing a rational explanation for the relatively large water contact angle observed on PAA thin films.Furthermore,it establishes a thermodynamic basis for estimating the fraction of surface COOH_(H B)groups(f H B)from wettability measurements.Further extension of the model to carboxyl-terminated self-assembled monolayers(COOH-SAMs)revealed that surface COOH density(ΣCOOH)critically regulates wetting behavior:whenΣCOOH ranges from 4.30 to 5.25 nm^(-2),COOH groups predominantly exist in a free state and facilitate effective hydration layers,thereby promoting superhydrophilicity.Overall,this study not only establishes a unified thermodynamic framework linking surface COOH configurations to macroscopic wettability,but also validates its universality by extending it to COOH-SAMs systems,thereby providing a unified theoretical framework for the controllable design of hydrophilicity in various COOH-functionalized surfaces.展开更多
The Pantone Color of the Year 2026,PANTONE 11-4201 Cloud Dancer,has been introduced as a soft,lofty white symbolizing calm and clarity in an increasingly noisy world.This gentle shade invites a sense of peace and spac...The Pantone Color of the Year 2026,PANTONE 11-4201 Cloud Dancer,has been introduced as a soft,lofty white symbolizing calm and clarity in an increasingly noisy world.This gentle shade invites a sense of peace and spaciousness,encouraging focus and creating room for creativity and reflection.Cloud Dancer embodies a desire for simplicity and renewal-a blank canvas that allows our minds to wander and new ideas to take shape.Its expansive presence fosters environments where tranquility meets inspiration,offering visual calm that supports wellbeing and mental lightness.展开更多
Knowledge-based VisualQuestion Answering(VQA)requires the integration of visual information with external knowledge reasoning.Existing approaches typically retrieve information from external corpora and rely on pretra...Knowledge-based VisualQuestion Answering(VQA)requires the integration of visual information with external knowledge reasoning.Existing approaches typically retrieve information from external corpora and rely on pretrained language models for reasoning.However,their performance is often hindered by the limited capabilities of retrievers and the constrained size of knowledge bases.Moreover,relying on image captions to bridge the modal gap between visual and language modalities can lead to the omission of critical visual details.To address these limitations,we propose the Reflective Chain-of-Thought(ReCoT)method,a simple yet effective framework inspired by metacognition theory.ReCoT effectively activates the reasoning capabilities ofMultimodal Large LanguageModels(MLLMs),providing essential visual and knowledge cues required to solve complex visual questions.It simulates a metacognitive reasoning process that encompasses monitoring,reflection,and correction.Specifically,in the initial generation stage,an MLLM produces a preliminary answer that serves as the model’s initial cognitive output.During the reflective reasoning stage,this answer is critically examined to generate a reflective rationale that integrates key visual evidence and relevant knowledge.In the final refinement stage,a smaller language model leverages this rationale to revise the initial prediction,resulting in amore accurate final answer.By harnessing the strengths ofMLLMs in visual and knowledge grounding,ReCoT enables smaller language models to reason effectively without dependence on image captions or external knowledge bases.Experimental results demonstrate that ReCoT achieves substantial performance improvements,outperforming state-of-the-art methods by 2.26%on OK-VQA and 5.8%on A-OKVQA.展开更多
In an academic environment increasingly shaped by metrics and the imperatives of“publish or perish”,it is rare to encounter a leading scientist willing to interweave personal narrative with conceptual reflection.The...In an academic environment increasingly shaped by metrics and the imperatives of“publish or perish”,it is rare to encounter a leading scientist willing to interweave personal narrative with conceptual reflection.The Soul of Geography by Fu(2025)achieves precisely this.The book resists simple categorisation:it is neither a conventional monograph nor a memoir,but rather a hybrid text that integrates autobiography,disciplinary reflection,and scientific arguments.In doing so,Fu articulates not only the trajectory of his own career but also a vision of geography as a discipline of theoretical depth and practical relevance.展开更多
Objectives This study aimed to explore and clarify the concept of reflective supervision as a professional self-care strategy to create a positive Intensive Care Unit(ICU)practice environment.Methods Walker and Avant...Objectives This study aimed to explore and clarify the concept of reflective supervision as a professional self-care strategy to create a positive Intensive Care Unit(ICU)practice environment.Methods Walker and Avant’s eight-step concept analysis approach was utilized to identify and define the attributes,antecedents,and consequences of reflective supervision in the ICU.An extensive literature search was conducted across various databases,including Google Scholar,CINAHL,PubMed.Articles published from 2005 to 2025 were identified.We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)2020 statement to indicate the included articles and extract related data based on relevance.Results Forty articles were included in the analysis.The identified attributes included the supervisor-supervisee relationship,effective communication,teamwork,collaborations,reflection,competencies,feedback,continuous support,and autonomous choice.The identified antecedents included participation,supportive supervision,flexibility,open-door policy,training,and motivation.Consequences impacting the success of reflective supervision were identified as promotion of resiliency,autonomy,work-life balance,self-awareness,increased self-esteem,professional development,critical thinking,increased job satisfaction,and enhanced commitment.Conclusions Reflective supervision is a complex professional self-care strategy that enhances ICU practice,by promoting nurses’well-being,self-awareness,therapeutic skills,and professional development.展开更多
Objective:To explore the application of the Registered Nurses'Association of Ontario(RNAO)Best Practice Guideline(BPG)for Developing and Sustaining Nursing Leadership through the lens of nursing students transitio...Objective:To explore the application of the Registered Nurses'Association of Ontario(RNAO)Best Practice Guideline(BPG)for Developing and Sustaining Nursing Leadership through the lens of nursing students transitioning from classroom learning to clinical practice.Through this reflection,the authors hope to inspire and empower future nursing leaders to champion innovation,resilience,and excellence in healthcare.Methods:By integrating evidence-based leadership principles,the authors reflect on their personal experiences,challenges,and successes in implementing these guidelines in real-world settings.Results:The paper highlights the significance of leadership in fostering healthy work environments and improving patient outcomes,emphasizing the role of nursing students as emerging leaders.Practical strategies for applying BPG,the RNAO BPG suggests leadership skills on professional development,and recommendations for embedding leadership principles into nursing education and practice are discussed.Conclusions:Implementing nursing leadership from the beginning of a nursing student's journey is vital for shaping the next generation of healthcare leaders.By integrating leadership principles early in nursing education,students can develop the skills needed to navigate clinical challenges,collaborate effectively with healthcare teams,and advocate for positive change.Starting with leadership guidelines in nursing school ensures that future nurses are equipped to foster supportive work environments,improve patient outcomes,and drive innovation from the very start of their careers,making leadership an inherent part of their professional identity.展开更多
Strong seismic excitation and fault dislocation are likely to occur simultaneously in high-intensity seismic zones,causing severe damage to tunnels crossing active fault zones.This paper aims to develop a novel analyt...Strong seismic excitation and fault dislocation are likely to occur simultaneously in high-intensity seismic zones,causing severe damage to tunnels crossing active fault zones.This paper aims to develop a novel analytical solution to determine the longitudinal mechanical responses of tunnels subjected to the combined effects of seismic waves and strike-slip faulting.Adopting the elastic springbeam model,the seismic waves are modelled as shear horizontal(SH)waves and the fault dislocation follows an S-shaped pattern;the superposition principle for free-fielddisplacements caused by both effects is assumed.In addition,the transmission and reflectionof seismic waves at the fault-rock geological interface and the tangential contact conditions at the tunnel-rock interface are considered.The analytical model is validated against numerical simulations,confirmingits accuracy in calculating tunnel responses.Moreover,a parametric study is conducted to evaluate the impact of key factors,including fault displacement,fault zone width,fault dip angle,earthquake frequency,rock conditions,tunnel lining stiffness,and tangential contact conditions,on tunnel responses.Compared with each effect alone,the combined effects of seismic waves and strike-slip faulting significantlychange the tunnel deformation and internal forces,leading to increased tunnel responses,especially within the fault zone and near the fault-rock interfaces.Depending on specificparameters,tunnel responses can be classifiedinto seismic-dominated,faulting-dominated,and seismic-faulting coupled responses on the basis of the relative contributions of each effect.The proposed analytical solution can be applied to quickly predict the longitudinal mechanical behaviour of tunnels under such combined effects in engineering applications.展开更多
The integration of the intelligent reflecting surface(IRS)with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer(SWIPT)has emerged as a cost-effective and efficient solution to enhance the performance of informatio...The integration of the intelligent reflecting surface(IRS)with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer(SWIPT)has emerged as a cost-effective and efficient solution to enhance the performance of information and energy transfer.In this research,a hybrid active/passive IRS-assisted SWIPT system is proposed.Specifically,an active IRS(AIRS)and a passive IRS(PIRS)are deployed in the SWIPT system to facilitate a multiantenna base station(BS)in simultaneously delivering information and energy to multiple information users(IUs)and energy users(EUs).The objective is to maximize the sum throughput by jointly optimizing the transmitter beamforming and the reflection coefficient matrices of the AIRS and the PIRS while satisfying the transmitter power constraints,the energy harvesting(EH)requirements of EUs,and the AIRS amplification power limitations.However,the optimization variables are highly coupled and cannot be solved directly.To tackle this complex problem,we propose an efficient algorithm based on alternating optimization(AO)and semi-definite relaxation(SDR)techniques to obtain high-quality solutions.Simulation results demonstrate that the hybrid active/passive IRSassisted SWIPT system significantly enhances throughput performance and outperforms benchmark systems.展开更多
Sand dust belts span approximately one-fifth of the global land surface.In these regions,dust tends to settle on vegetation surfaces,altering the observed reflectance and affecting remote sensing detections.To enhance...Sand dust belts span approximately one-fifth of the global land surface.In these regions,dust tends to settle on vegetation surfaces,altering the observed reflectance and affecting remote sensing detections.To enhance the accuracy of maize growth monitoring in dust-affected regions,this study aims to quantify the effect of sand dust retention on maize during the tasseling stage in the Kashgar Prefecture,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,by analyzing changes in canopy reflectance and vegetation indices.First,field sampling was conducted to measure the key canopy structure parameters and dust retention levels of maize,and laboratory spectral measurements were performed on leaf spectral properties under gradient dust retention.The measured data were then used to drive the LargE-Scale remote sensing data and image Simulation framework(LESS)model for simulating realistic maize canopy spectra across different dust levels,with validation against Sentinel-2 imagery.Second,on the basis of the simulated and satellite-derived spectra,the dust resistance of 36 common vegetation indices was systematically evaluated,and new robust dust-resistant indices were developed.The results showed that compared with dust-free maize,the canopy reflectance of dust-retained maize followed an increase–decrease–increase pattern,with critical turning points at 735 and 1325 nm.The maximum reflectance difference of–0.11755(change rate:29.002%)occurred within the 735–1325 nm range at 24 g/m^(2)dust retention,and the minimum reflectance difference of 0.04285(change rate:148.950%)was observed in the 350–735 nm range under the same dust retention level.Among the 36 vegetation indices,only the global environment monitoring index(GEMI)and the ratio of transformed chlorophyll absorption in reflectance index to optimized soil-adjusted vegetation index(TCARI/OSAVI)exhibited dust resistance,with GEMI being effective below 6 g/m^(2)and TCARI/OSAVI remaining stable across all levels(average ratio:0.970).The newly developed indices in this study,(RE3–RE2)/(NIR–RE2),(RE3–RE2)/(RE4–RE2),and(NIR–RE2)/(RE4–RE2),retained values within the predefined dust-resistant range over the full dust retention levels of 0–24 g/m^(2),thus showing a more stable dust resistance compared with the commonly used 36 vegetation indices.Specially,(RE3–RE2)/(RE4–RE2)performed the most robustly in Sentinel-2 imagery,that is,58.020%of pixels were within the dust-resistant range,and an average ratio of 0.937 was obtained for the original-spectra index.This study provides a scientific basis for crop monitoring and management in dust-affected regions.展开更多
Objective:Verrucous epidermal nevus(VEN),seborrheic keratosis(SK),verruca plana(VP),verruca vulgaris(VV),and nevus sebaceous(NS)are common verrucous proliferative skin diseases with similar clinical appearances,often ...Objective:Verrucous epidermal nevus(VEN),seborrheic keratosis(SK),verruca plana(VP),verruca vulgaris(VV),and nevus sebaceous(NS)are common verrucous proliferative skin diseases with similar clinical appearances,often posing diagnostic challenges.Dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy(RCM)can aid in their differentiation,yet their specific features under these tools have not been systematically described.This study aims to summarize and analyze the dermoscopic and RCM features of VEN,SK,VP,VV,and NS.Methods:A total of 121 patients with histopathologically confirmed verrucous proliferative skin diseases were enrolled.Dermoscopy and RCM imaging was used to observe and analyze the microscopic features of these conditions.Results:Under dermoscopy,the 5 diseases displayed distinct characteristics:VEN typically showed gyriform structures;SK was characterized by gyriform structures,comedo-like openings,and milia-like cysts;VP and VV featured dotted vessels and frogspawn-like structures;NS presented as brownish-yellow globules.RCM revealed shared features such as hyperkeratosis and acanthosis across all 5 diseases.Specific features included gyriform structures and elongated rete ridges in VEN;pseudocysts and gyriform structures in SK;evenly distributed ring-like structures in VP;vacuolated cells and papillomatous proliferation in VV;and frogspawn-like structures in NS.Conclusion:These 5 verrucous proliferative skin conditions exhibit distinguishable features under both dermoscopy and RCM.The combination of these 2 noninvasive imaging modalities holds significant clinical value for the differential diagnosis of verrucous proliferative skin diseases.展开更多
Electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials with superior shielding efficiency and low-reflection properties hold promising potential for utilization across electronic components,precision instruments,and fif...Electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials with superior shielding efficiency and low-reflection properties hold promising potential for utilization across electronic components,precision instruments,and fifth-generation communication equipment.In this study,multistage microcellular waterborne polyurethane(WPU)composites were constructed via gradient induction,layer-by-layer casting,and supercritical carbon dioxide foaming.The gradient-structured WPU/ironcobalt loaded reduced graphene oxide(FeCo@rGO)foam serves as an impedance-matched absorption layer,while the highly conductive WPU/silver loaded glass microspheres(Ag@GM)layer is employed as a reflection layer.Thanks to the incorporation of an asymmetric structure,as well as the introduction of gradient and porous configurations,the composite foam demonstrates excellent conductivity,outstanding EMI SE(74.9 dB),and minimal reflection characteristics(35.28%)in 8.2-12.4 GHz,implying that more than 99.99999%of electromagnetic(EM)waves were blocked and only 35.28%were reflected to the external environment.Interestingly,the reflectivity of the composite foam is reduced to 0.41%at 10.88 GHz due to the resonance for incident and reflected EM waves.Beyond that,the composite foam is characterized by low density(0.47 g/cm^(3))and great stability of EMI shielding properties.This work offers a viable approach for craft-ing lightweight,highly shielding,and minimally reflective EMI shielding composites.展开更多
The Global Precipitation Measurement(GPM)dual-frequency precipitation radar(DPR)products(Version 07A)are employed for a rigorous comparative analysis with ground-based operational weather radar(GR)networks.The reflect...The Global Precipitation Measurement(GPM)dual-frequency precipitation radar(DPR)products(Version 07A)are employed for a rigorous comparative analysis with ground-based operational weather radar(GR)networks.The reflectivity observed by GPM Ku PR is compared quantitatively against GR networks from CINRAD of China and NEXRAD of the United States,and the volume matching method is used for spatial matching.Additionally,a novel frequency correction method for all phases as well as precipitation types is used to correct the GPM Ku PR radar frequency to the GR frequency.A total of 20 GRs(including 10 from CINRAD and 10 from NEXRAD)are included in this comparative analysis.The results indicate that,compared with CINRAD matched data,NEXRAD exhibits larger biases in reflectivity when compared with the frequency-corrected Ku PR.The root-mean-square difference for CINRAD is calculated at 2.38 d B,whereas for NEXRAD it is 3.23 d B.The mean bias of CINRAD matched data is-0.16 d B,while the mean bias of NEXRAD is-2.10 d B.The mean standard deviation of bias for CINRAD is 2.15 d B,while for NEXRAD it is 2.29 d B.This study effectively assesses weather radar data in both the United States and China,which is crucial for improving the overall consistency of global precipitation estimates.展开更多
In the present work,by virtue of the synergistic and independent effects of Janus structure,an asymmetric nickel-chain/multiwall carbon nanotube/polyimide(Ni/MWCNTs/PI)composite foam with absorption-dominated electrom...In the present work,by virtue of the synergistic and independent effects of Janus structure,an asymmetric nickel-chain/multiwall carbon nanotube/polyimide(Ni/MWCNTs/PI)composite foam with absorption-dominated electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding and thermal insulation performances was successfully fabricated through an ordered casting and directional freeze-drying strategy.Water-soluble polyamic acid(PAA)was chosen to match the oriented freeze-drying method to acquire oriented pores,and the thermal imidization process from PAA to PI exactly eliminated the interface of the multilayered structure.By controlling the electro-magnetic gradient and propagation path of the incident microwaves in the MWCNT/PI and Ni/PI layers,the PI composite foam exhibited an efficient EMI SE of 55.8 dB in the X-band with extremely low reflection characteristics(R=0.22).The asymmetric conductive net-work also greatly preserved the thermal insulation properties of PI.The thermal conductivity(TC)of the Ni/MWCNT/PI composite foam was as low as 0.032 W/(m K).In addition,owing to the elimination of MWCNT/PI and Ni/PI interfaces during the thermal imidization process,the composite foam showed satisfactory compressive strength.The fabricated PI composite foam could provide reliable electromagnetic protection in complex applications and withstand high temperatures,which has great potential in cuttingedge applications such as advanced aircraft.展开更多
The selection of an appropriate basic detonation wave flow field is crucial for improving the performance and geometric design of standing detonation vehicles.This paper employs a detailed chemical reaction model and ...The selection of an appropriate basic detonation wave flow field is crucial for improving the performance and geometric design of standing detonation vehicles.This paper employs a detailed chemical reaction model and solves the unsteady axisymmetric Euler equation to study the characteristics of the Axisymmetric Inward Turning Curved Detonation Wave(AIT-CDW)flow field and the parameters affecting the stability of the wave system structure of AIT-CDW flow field.The numerical results demonstrate a radial compression effect in the AIT-CDW flow field.This effect causes the detonation wave to have a shorter initiation length than oblique detonation wave flow field and the detonation wave angle to gradually increase with the flow direction postdetonation.The AIT-CDW flow field is confined space,making it prone to normal detonation waves when the detonation wave reflects from the wall.This phenomenon is detrimental to the stability of the wave system structure in the flow field.It has been observed that increasing the center body radius and decreasing the fuel equivalent ratio can effectively reduce the height of the normal detonation wave or even eliminate it.Additionally,a well-designed generatrix shape of the center body can enhance airflow,reduce choked flow,and promote the stability of the wave structure in the flow field.展开更多
Accurately forecasting the triple point(TP)path is essential for analyzing blast loads and assessing the destructive effectiveness of the height of burst explosion.Empirical models that describe the TP path under norm...Accurately forecasting the triple point(TP)path is essential for analyzing blast loads and assessing the destructive effectiveness of the height of burst explosion.Empirical models that describe the TP path under normal temperature and pressure environments are commonly employed;however,in certain configurations,such as at high-altitudes(HAs),the environment may involve low temperature and pressure conditions.The present study develops a theoretical prediction model for the TP path under reduced pressure and temperature conditions,utilizing the image bursts method,reflected polar analysis,and dimensional analysis.The model's accuracy is evaluated through numerical simulations and experimental data.Results indicate that the prediction model effectively evaluates the TP path under diminished temperature and pressure conditions,with most predictions falling within a±15%deviation.It was found that the TP height increases with altitude.As the altitude rises from 0 m to 10,000 m,the average TP height increases by 61.7%,87.9%,109.0%,and 134.3%for the scaled height of burst of 1.5 m,2.0 m,2.5 m,and 3.0 m,respectively.Moreover,the variation in TP height under HA environments closely mirrors that observed under corresponding reduced pressure conditions.In HA environments,only the effect of low-pressure conditions on the TP path needs to be considered,as the environmental lowtemperature has a minimal effect.展开更多
Oral expression skills play an essential role in the development of EFL students’language abilities,and how to improve EFL students’oral expression skills is an essential and challenging task.This study adopts a qua...Oral expression skills play an essential role in the development of EFL students’language abilities,and how to improve EFL students’oral expression skills is an essential and challenging task.This study adopts a quasi-experimental research method to carry out the research and proposes an AI-based reflective dialogue model.Based on this,an analysis of the impact brought by this model on EFL students’oral expression performance and learning anxiety levels.The results show that students in the experimental group have significantly higher oral expression performance than those in the control group in the three dimensions of grammatical accuracy,expressive fluency,and word accuracy.In addition,the students in the experimental group produced facilitated anxiety after using the AI-based reflective dialogue model for oral expression learning,which prompted the students to learn more diligently.展开更多
Reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)is a novel meta-material which can form a smart radio environment by dynamically altering reflection directions of the impinging electromagnetic waves.In the prior literature,the...Reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)is a novel meta-material which can form a smart radio environment by dynamically altering reflection directions of the impinging electromagnetic waves.In the prior literature,the inter-RIS links which also contribute to the performance of the whole system are usually neglected when multiple RISs are deployed.In this paper we investigate a general double-RIS assisted multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)wireless communication system under spatially correlated non line-of-sight propagation channels,where the cooperation of the double RISs is also considered.The design objective is to maximize the achievable ergodic rate based on full statistical channel state information(CSI).Specifically,we firstly present a closedform asymptotic expression for the achievable ergodic rate by utilizing replica method from statistical physics.Then a full statistical CSI-enabled optimal design is proposed which avoids high pilot training overhead compared to instantaneous CSI-enabled design.To further reduce the signal processing overhead and lower the complexity for practical realization,a common-phase scheme is proposed to design the double RISs.Simulation results show that the derived asymptotic ergodic rate is quite accurate even for small-sized antenna arrays.And the proposed optimization algorithm can achieve substantial gain at the expense of a low overhead and complexity.Furthermore,the cooperative double-RIS assisted MIMO framework is proven to achieve superior ergodic rate performance and high communication reliability under harsh propagation environment.展开更多
This study constructs a reflective feedback model based on a pedagogical agent(PA)and explores its impact on students’problem-solving ability and cognitive load.A quasi-experimental design was used in the study,with ...This study constructs a reflective feedback model based on a pedagogical agent(PA)and explores its impact on students’problem-solving ability and cognitive load.A quasi-experimental design was used in the study,with 84 students from a middle school selected as the research subjects(44 in the experimental group and 40 in the control group).The experimental group used the reflective feedback model,while the control group used the factual feedback model.The results show that,compared with factual feedback,the reflective feedback model based on the pedagogical agent significantly improves students’problem-solving ability,especially at the action and thinking levels.In addition,this model effectively reduces students’cognitive load,especially in terms of internal and external load.展开更多
文摘Based on studies of the reflectance of Ordovician and Silurian zooclasts from 11 sections around the Huangling Anticline, Hubei, China, combined with determination of the conodont colour alteration indices (CAI) and of infrared spectroscopy of dispersed organic matter from the same or adjacent horizons, it is further proved that reflectances of graptolites, chitinozoans and scolecldonts, like vitrinite and natural bitumen, increase with increasing maturation, but follow different reflectance paths. They may be used, therefore, as thermal maturation indicators. Graptolites display optically strong anisotropy. The maximum reflectance measured from graptolite on polished section cut parallel to the bedding plane is the most suitable for determination of maturation of their host rocks. In polished section chitinozoan and scolecodont show reflectance, but no bireflectance owing to their isotropy. The random reflectance of chitinozoans is higher than that of scolecodonts in the case of the same maturity. By analysing the distribution trends of graptolite, chitionzoan and scolecodont reflectances, the Ordovician and Silurian strata can be subdivided into three areas of maturation in the present region. The potential of oil or gas generation is discussed for each area. The result is basically coincident with the distribution pattern of regional organic maturation presented by CAI and infrared spectroscopic determination of organic matter.
文摘In this study,polyacrylic acid(PAA)films were employed as a model system,and a series of PAA films with tunable water wettability was systematically prepared by varying molecular weight and curing temperature.Using attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR),the molecular configurations of surface carboxyl groups(COOH),free carboxyl(COOH_(f))and hydrogen-bonded carboxyl(COOH_(HB),were directly correlated with the polar component of surface energy(γ^(s,p)).By decomposing theγ^(s,p)values of the PAA thin films as a sum of the contributions of COOH_(f)and COOH_(H B),the intrinsic polar component of surface energy of COOH_(H B)(γ_(H B)^(s,p*))was quantified for the first time as 8.34 mN/m,significantly lower than that of COOH_(f)(γ_(f)^(s,p*)=34 mN/m).This result highlights that hydrogen bonding markedly reduces theγ^(s,p),providing a rational explanation for the relatively large water contact angle observed on PAA thin films.Furthermore,it establishes a thermodynamic basis for estimating the fraction of surface COOH_(H B)groups(f H B)from wettability measurements.Further extension of the model to carboxyl-terminated self-assembled monolayers(COOH-SAMs)revealed that surface COOH density(ΣCOOH)critically regulates wetting behavior:whenΣCOOH ranges from 4.30 to 5.25 nm^(-2),COOH groups predominantly exist in a free state and facilitate effective hydration layers,thereby promoting superhydrophilicity.Overall,this study not only establishes a unified thermodynamic framework linking surface COOH configurations to macroscopic wettability,but also validates its universality by extending it to COOH-SAMs systems,thereby providing a unified theoretical framework for the controllable design of hydrophilicity in various COOH-functionalized surfaces.
文摘The Pantone Color of the Year 2026,PANTONE 11-4201 Cloud Dancer,has been introduced as a soft,lofty white symbolizing calm and clarity in an increasingly noisy world.This gentle shade invites a sense of peace and spaciousness,encouraging focus and creating room for creativity and reflection.Cloud Dancer embodies a desire for simplicity and renewal-a blank canvas that allows our minds to wander and new ideas to take shape.Its expansive presence fosters environments where tranquility meets inspiration,offering visual calm that supports wellbeing and mental lightness.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62572017,62441232,62206007)R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KZ202210005008).
文摘Knowledge-based VisualQuestion Answering(VQA)requires the integration of visual information with external knowledge reasoning.Existing approaches typically retrieve information from external corpora and rely on pretrained language models for reasoning.However,their performance is often hindered by the limited capabilities of retrievers and the constrained size of knowledge bases.Moreover,relying on image captions to bridge the modal gap between visual and language modalities can lead to the omission of critical visual details.To address these limitations,we propose the Reflective Chain-of-Thought(ReCoT)method,a simple yet effective framework inspired by metacognition theory.ReCoT effectively activates the reasoning capabilities ofMultimodal Large LanguageModels(MLLMs),providing essential visual and knowledge cues required to solve complex visual questions.It simulates a metacognitive reasoning process that encompasses monitoring,reflection,and correction.Specifically,in the initial generation stage,an MLLM produces a preliminary answer that serves as the model’s initial cognitive output.During the reflective reasoning stage,this answer is critically examined to generate a reflective rationale that integrates key visual evidence and relevant knowledge.In the final refinement stage,a smaller language model leverages this rationale to revise the initial prediction,resulting in amore accurate final answer.By harnessing the strengths ofMLLMs in visual and knowledge grounding,ReCoT enables smaller language models to reason effectively without dependence on image captions or external knowledge bases.Experimental results demonstrate that ReCoT achieves substantial performance improvements,outperforming state-of-the-art methods by 2.26%on OK-VQA and 5.8%on A-OKVQA.
文摘In an academic environment increasingly shaped by metrics and the imperatives of“publish or perish”,it is rare to encounter a leading scientist willing to interweave personal narrative with conceptual reflection.The Soul of Geography by Fu(2025)achieves precisely this.The book resists simple categorisation:it is neither a conventional monograph nor a memoir,but rather a hybrid text that integrates autobiography,disciplinary reflection,and scientific arguments.In doing so,Fu articulates not only the trajectory of his own career but also a vision of geography as a discipline of theoretical depth and practical relevance.
文摘Objectives This study aimed to explore and clarify the concept of reflective supervision as a professional self-care strategy to create a positive Intensive Care Unit(ICU)practice environment.Methods Walker and Avant’s eight-step concept analysis approach was utilized to identify and define the attributes,antecedents,and consequences of reflective supervision in the ICU.An extensive literature search was conducted across various databases,including Google Scholar,CINAHL,PubMed.Articles published from 2005 to 2025 were identified.We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)2020 statement to indicate the included articles and extract related data based on relevance.Results Forty articles were included in the analysis.The identified attributes included the supervisor-supervisee relationship,effective communication,teamwork,collaborations,reflection,competencies,feedback,continuous support,and autonomous choice.The identified antecedents included participation,supportive supervision,flexibility,open-door policy,training,and motivation.Consequences impacting the success of reflective supervision were identified as promotion of resiliency,autonomy,work-life balance,self-awareness,increased self-esteem,professional development,critical thinking,increased job satisfaction,and enhanced commitment.Conclusions Reflective supervision is a complex professional self-care strategy that enhances ICU practice,by promoting nurses’well-being,self-awareness,therapeutic skills,and professional development.
文摘Objective:To explore the application of the Registered Nurses'Association of Ontario(RNAO)Best Practice Guideline(BPG)for Developing and Sustaining Nursing Leadership through the lens of nursing students transitioning from classroom learning to clinical practice.Through this reflection,the authors hope to inspire and empower future nursing leaders to champion innovation,resilience,and excellence in healthcare.Methods:By integrating evidence-based leadership principles,the authors reflect on their personal experiences,challenges,and successes in implementing these guidelines in real-world settings.Results:The paper highlights the significance of leadership in fostering healthy work environments and improving patient outcomes,emphasizing the role of nursing students as emerging leaders.Practical strategies for applying BPG,the RNAO BPG suggests leadership skills on professional development,and recommendations for embedding leadership principles into nursing education and practice are discussed.Conclusions:Implementing nursing leadership from the beginning of a nursing student's journey is vital for shaping the next generation of healthcare leaders.By integrating leadership principles early in nursing education,students can develop the skills needed to navigate clinical challenges,collaborate effectively with healthcare teams,and advocate for positive change.Starting with leadership guidelines in nursing school ensures that future nurses are equipped to foster supportive work environments,improve patient outcomes,and drive innovation from the very start of their careers,making leadership an inherent part of their professional identity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41941018)Shanghai Gaofeng Discipline Construction Funding.
文摘Strong seismic excitation and fault dislocation are likely to occur simultaneously in high-intensity seismic zones,causing severe damage to tunnels crossing active fault zones.This paper aims to develop a novel analytical solution to determine the longitudinal mechanical responses of tunnels subjected to the combined effects of seismic waves and strike-slip faulting.Adopting the elastic springbeam model,the seismic waves are modelled as shear horizontal(SH)waves and the fault dislocation follows an S-shaped pattern;the superposition principle for free-fielddisplacements caused by both effects is assumed.In addition,the transmission and reflectionof seismic waves at the fault-rock geological interface and the tangential contact conditions at the tunnel-rock interface are considered.The analytical model is validated against numerical simulations,confirmingits accuracy in calculating tunnel responses.Moreover,a parametric study is conducted to evaluate the impact of key factors,including fault displacement,fault zone width,fault dip angle,earthquake frequency,rock conditions,tunnel lining stiffness,and tangential contact conditions,on tunnel responses.Compared with each effect alone,the combined effects of seismic waves and strike-slip faulting significantlychange the tunnel deformation and internal forces,leading to increased tunnel responses,especially within the fault zone and near the fault-rock interfaces.Depending on specificparameters,tunnel responses can be classifiedinto seismic-dominated,faulting-dominated,and seismic-faulting coupled responses on the basis of the relative contributions of each effect.The proposed analytical solution can be applied to quickly predict the longitudinal mechanical behaviour of tunnels under such combined effects in engineering applications.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62301141)。
文摘The integration of the intelligent reflecting surface(IRS)with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer(SWIPT)has emerged as a cost-effective and efficient solution to enhance the performance of information and energy transfer.In this research,a hybrid active/passive IRS-assisted SWIPT system is proposed.Specifically,an active IRS(AIRS)and a passive IRS(PIRS)are deployed in the SWIPT system to facilitate a multiantenna base station(BS)in simultaneously delivering information and energy to multiple information users(IUs)and energy users(EUs).The objective is to maximize the sum throughput by jointly optimizing the transmitter beamforming and the reflection coefficient matrices of the AIRS and the PIRS while satisfying the transmitter power constraints,the energy harvesting(EH)requirements of EUs,and the AIRS amplification power limitations.However,the optimization variables are highly coupled and cannot be solved directly.To tackle this complex problem,we propose an efficient algorithm based on alternating optimization(AO)and semi-definite relaxation(SDR)techniques to obtain high-quality solutions.Simulation results demonstrate that the hybrid active/passive IRSassisted SWIPT system significantly enhances throughput performance and outperforms benchmark systems.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N2001020)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41201359).
文摘Sand dust belts span approximately one-fifth of the global land surface.In these regions,dust tends to settle on vegetation surfaces,altering the observed reflectance and affecting remote sensing detections.To enhance the accuracy of maize growth monitoring in dust-affected regions,this study aims to quantify the effect of sand dust retention on maize during the tasseling stage in the Kashgar Prefecture,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,by analyzing changes in canopy reflectance and vegetation indices.First,field sampling was conducted to measure the key canopy structure parameters and dust retention levels of maize,and laboratory spectral measurements were performed on leaf spectral properties under gradient dust retention.The measured data were then used to drive the LargE-Scale remote sensing data and image Simulation framework(LESS)model for simulating realistic maize canopy spectra across different dust levels,with validation against Sentinel-2 imagery.Second,on the basis of the simulated and satellite-derived spectra,the dust resistance of 36 common vegetation indices was systematically evaluated,and new robust dust-resistant indices were developed.The results showed that compared with dust-free maize,the canopy reflectance of dust-retained maize followed an increase–decrease–increase pattern,with critical turning points at 735 and 1325 nm.The maximum reflectance difference of–0.11755(change rate:29.002%)occurred within the 735–1325 nm range at 24 g/m^(2)dust retention,and the minimum reflectance difference of 0.04285(change rate:148.950%)was observed in the 350–735 nm range under the same dust retention level.Among the 36 vegetation indices,only the global environment monitoring index(GEMI)and the ratio of transformed chlorophyll absorption in reflectance index to optimized soil-adjusted vegetation index(TCARI/OSAVI)exhibited dust resistance,with GEMI being effective below 6 g/m^(2)and TCARI/OSAVI remaining stable across all levels(average ratio:0.970).The newly developed indices in this study,(RE3–RE2)/(NIR–RE2),(RE3–RE2)/(RE4–RE2),and(NIR–RE2)/(RE4–RE2),retained values within the predefined dust-resistant range over the full dust retention levels of 0–24 g/m^(2),thus showing a more stable dust resistance compared with the commonly used 36 vegetation indices.Specially,(RE3–RE2)/(RE4–RE2)performed the most robustly in Sentinel-2 imagery,that is,58.020%of pixels were within the dust-resistant range,and an average ratio of 0.937 was obtained for the original-spectra index.This study provides a scientific basis for crop monitoring and management in dust-affected regions.
基金supported by the Project of Health Committee of Hunan Province(D202304128868),China.
文摘Objective:Verrucous epidermal nevus(VEN),seborrheic keratosis(SK),verruca plana(VP),verruca vulgaris(VV),and nevus sebaceous(NS)are common verrucous proliferative skin diseases with similar clinical appearances,often posing diagnostic challenges.Dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy(RCM)can aid in their differentiation,yet their specific features under these tools have not been systematically described.This study aims to summarize and analyze the dermoscopic and RCM features of VEN,SK,VP,VV,and NS.Methods:A total of 121 patients with histopathologically confirmed verrucous proliferative skin diseases were enrolled.Dermoscopy and RCM imaging was used to observe and analyze the microscopic features of these conditions.Results:Under dermoscopy,the 5 diseases displayed distinct characteristics:VEN typically showed gyriform structures;SK was characterized by gyriform structures,comedo-like openings,and milia-like cysts;VP and VV featured dotted vessels and frogspawn-like structures;NS presented as brownish-yellow globules.RCM revealed shared features such as hyperkeratosis and acanthosis across all 5 diseases.Specific features included gyriform structures and elongated rete ridges in VEN;pseudocysts and gyriform structures in SK;evenly distributed ring-like structures in VP;vacuolated cells and papillomatous proliferation in VV;and frogspawn-like structures in NS.Conclusion:These 5 verrucous proliferative skin conditions exhibit distinguishable features under both dermoscopy and RCM.The combination of these 2 noninvasive imaging modalities holds significant clinical value for the differential diagnosis of verrucous proliferative skin diseases.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No.2308085QE146 and 2208085ME116)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52173039)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20210894)the Anhui Provincial Universities Outstanding Youth Research Project(No.2023AH020018).
文摘Electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials with superior shielding efficiency and low-reflection properties hold promising potential for utilization across electronic components,precision instruments,and fifth-generation communication equipment.In this study,multistage microcellular waterborne polyurethane(WPU)composites were constructed via gradient induction,layer-by-layer casting,and supercritical carbon dioxide foaming.The gradient-structured WPU/ironcobalt loaded reduced graphene oxide(FeCo@rGO)foam serves as an impedance-matched absorption layer,while the highly conductive WPU/silver loaded glass microspheres(Ag@GM)layer is employed as a reflection layer.Thanks to the incorporation of an asymmetric structure,as well as the introduction of gradient and porous configurations,the composite foam demonstrates excellent conductivity,outstanding EMI SE(74.9 dB),and minimal reflection characteristics(35.28%)in 8.2-12.4 GHz,implying that more than 99.99999%of electromagnetic(EM)waves were blocked and only 35.28%were reflected to the external environment.Interestingly,the reflectivity of the composite foam is reduced to 0.41%at 10.88 GHz due to the resonance for incident and reflected EM waves.Beyond that,the composite foam is characterized by low density(0.47 g/cm^(3))and great stability of EMI shielding properties.This work offers a viable approach for craft-ing lightweight,highly shielding,and minimally reflective EMI shielding composites.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB3907500)the National Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.42330602)the“Fengyun Satellite Remote Sensing Product Validation and Verification”Youth Innovation Team of the China Meteorological Administration(Grant No.CMA2023QN12)。
文摘The Global Precipitation Measurement(GPM)dual-frequency precipitation radar(DPR)products(Version 07A)are employed for a rigorous comparative analysis with ground-based operational weather radar(GR)networks.The reflectivity observed by GPM Ku PR is compared quantitatively against GR networks from CINRAD of China and NEXRAD of the United States,and the volume matching method is used for spatial matching.Additionally,a novel frequency correction method for all phases as well as precipitation types is used to correct the GPM Ku PR radar frequency to the GR frequency.A total of 20 GRs(including 10 from CINRAD and 10 from NEXRAD)are included in this comparative analysis.The results indicate that,compared with CINRAD matched data,NEXRAD exhibits larger biases in reflectivity when compared with the frequency-corrected Ku PR.The root-mean-square difference for CINRAD is calculated at 2.38 d B,whereas for NEXRAD it is 3.23 d B.The mean bias of CINRAD matched data is-0.16 d B,while the mean bias of NEXRAD is-2.10 d B.The mean standard deviation of bias for CINRAD is 2.15 d B,while for NEXRAD it is 2.29 d B.This study effectively assesses weather radar data in both the United States and China,which is crucial for improving the overall consistency of global precipitation estimates.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(Nos.20210302123015 and 20210302123035)the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering(Sichuan University)(No.sklpme2022-4-06)the Open Foundation of China-Belarus Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Electromagnetic Environment Effect(No.ZBKF2022030301).
文摘In the present work,by virtue of the synergistic and independent effects of Janus structure,an asymmetric nickel-chain/multiwall carbon nanotube/polyimide(Ni/MWCNTs/PI)composite foam with absorption-dominated electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding and thermal insulation performances was successfully fabricated through an ordered casting and directional freeze-drying strategy.Water-soluble polyamic acid(PAA)was chosen to match the oriented freeze-drying method to acquire oriented pores,and the thermal imidization process from PAA to PI exactly eliminated the interface of the multilayered structure.By controlling the electro-magnetic gradient and propagation path of the incident microwaves in the MWCNT/PI and Ni/PI layers,the PI composite foam exhibited an efficient EMI SE of 55.8 dB in the X-band with extremely low reflection characteristics(R=0.22).The asymmetric conductive net-work also greatly preserved the thermal insulation properties of PI.The thermal conductivity(TC)of the Ni/MWCNT/PI composite foam was as low as 0.032 W/(m K).In addition,owing to the elimination of MWCNT/PI and Ni/PI interfaces during the thermal imidization process,the composite foam showed satisfactory compressive strength.The fabricated PI composite foam could provide reliable electromagnetic protection in complex applications and withstand high temperatures,which has great potential in cuttingedge applications such as advanced aircraft.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U20A2069,62376234 and 123B2037)the Advanced Aero-Power Innovation Workstation,China(No.HKCX2024-01-017)。
文摘The selection of an appropriate basic detonation wave flow field is crucial for improving the performance and geometric design of standing detonation vehicles.This paper employs a detailed chemical reaction model and solves the unsteady axisymmetric Euler equation to study the characteristics of the Axisymmetric Inward Turning Curved Detonation Wave(AIT-CDW)flow field and the parameters affecting the stability of the wave system structure of AIT-CDW flow field.The numerical results demonstrate a radial compression effect in the AIT-CDW flow field.This effect causes the detonation wave to have a shorter initiation length than oblique detonation wave flow field and the detonation wave angle to gradually increase with the flow direction postdetonation.The AIT-CDW flow field is confined space,making it prone to normal detonation waves when the detonation wave reflects from the wall.This phenomenon is detrimental to the stability of the wave system structure in the flow field.It has been observed that increasing the center body radius and decreasing the fuel equivalent ratio can effectively reduce the height of the normal detonation wave or even eliminate it.Additionally,a well-designed generatrix shape of the center body can enhance airflow,reduce choked flow,and promote the stability of the wave structure in the flow field.
基金funding from Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Explosive Materials and Technology Foundation(No.AHBP2022B-04)Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee(No.2023AH051221)+1 种基金Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2208085QA26)Scientific Research Foundation for High-level Talents of Anhui University of Science and Technology for the project related to this work.
文摘Accurately forecasting the triple point(TP)path is essential for analyzing blast loads and assessing the destructive effectiveness of the height of burst explosion.Empirical models that describe the TP path under normal temperature and pressure environments are commonly employed;however,in certain configurations,such as at high-altitudes(HAs),the environment may involve low temperature and pressure conditions.The present study develops a theoretical prediction model for the TP path under reduced pressure and temperature conditions,utilizing the image bursts method,reflected polar analysis,and dimensional analysis.The model's accuracy is evaluated through numerical simulations and experimental data.Results indicate that the prediction model effectively evaluates the TP path under diminished temperature and pressure conditions,with most predictions falling within a±15%deviation.It was found that the TP height increases with altitude.As the altitude rises from 0 m to 10,000 m,the average TP height increases by 61.7%,87.9%,109.0%,and 134.3%for the scaled height of burst of 1.5 m,2.0 m,2.5 m,and 3.0 m,respectively.Moreover,the variation in TP height under HA environments closely mirrors that observed under corresponding reduced pressure conditions.In HA environments,only the effect of low-pressure conditions on the TP path needs to be considered,as the environmental lowtemperature has a minimal effect.
基金2024 Provincial Teaching Reform Program for Graduate Students in the Second Batch of the 14th Five-Year Plan of Zhejiang Provincial Office of Education:Innovation and Practice of“Six Synergistic”Graduate Teaching Guided by Educator’s Spirit(No.JGCG2024406)Key Project of Zhejiang Provincial Education Science Planning:Research on an interdisciplinary teaching model to promote students’computational thinking from multiple analytical perspectives[No.2025SB103].
文摘Oral expression skills play an essential role in the development of EFL students’language abilities,and how to improve EFL students’oral expression skills is an essential and challenging task.This study adopts a quasi-experimental research method to carry out the research and proposes an AI-based reflective dialogue model.Based on this,an analysis of the impact brought by this model on EFL students’oral expression performance and learning anxiety levels.The results show that students in the experimental group have significantly higher oral expression performance than those in the control group in the three dimensions of grammatical accuracy,expressive fluency,and word accuracy.In addition,the students in the experimental group produced facilitated anxiety after using the AI-based reflective dialogue model for oral expression learning,which prompted the students to learn more diligently.
基金supported in part by the Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University(XJTLU)Research Development Fund(2024–2027)under Grant RDF-23-02-010supported in part by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation under Grant 2023A1515110732+5 种基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant 62071247supported in part by the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao,China SAR under Grants 0087/2022/AFJ and 001/2024/SKLin part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62261160650in part by the Research Committee of University of Macao,Macao SAR,China under Grants MYRG-GRG2023-00116-FST-UMDF and MYRG2020-00095-FSTsupported in part by the NSFC under Grant 62261160576 and 62301148in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant 2242023K5003.
文摘Reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)is a novel meta-material which can form a smart radio environment by dynamically altering reflection directions of the impinging electromagnetic waves.In the prior literature,the inter-RIS links which also contribute to the performance of the whole system are usually neglected when multiple RISs are deployed.In this paper we investigate a general double-RIS assisted multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)wireless communication system under spatially correlated non line-of-sight propagation channels,where the cooperation of the double RISs is also considered.The design objective is to maximize the achievable ergodic rate based on full statistical channel state information(CSI).Specifically,we firstly present a closedform asymptotic expression for the achievable ergodic rate by utilizing replica method from statistical physics.Then a full statistical CSI-enabled optimal design is proposed which avoids high pilot training overhead compared to instantaneous CSI-enabled design.To further reduce the signal processing overhead and lower the complexity for practical realization,a common-phase scheme is proposed to design the double RISs.Simulation results show that the derived asymptotic ergodic rate is quite accurate even for small-sized antenna arrays.And the proposed optimization algorithm can achieve substantial gain at the expense of a low overhead and complexity.Furthermore,the cooperative double-RIS assisted MIMO framework is proven to achieve superior ergodic rate performance and high communication reliability under harsh propagation environment.
基金023 Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education General Project:Research on an interdisciplinary teaching model to promote the development of computational thinking in the context of the new curriculum standards[Grant NO:Y202351596]Key Project of Zhejiang Provincial Education Science Planning:Research on an interdisciplinary teaching model to promote students’computational thinking from multiple analytical perspectives[Grant NO:2025SB103].
文摘This study constructs a reflective feedback model based on a pedagogical agent(PA)and explores its impact on students’problem-solving ability and cognitive load.A quasi-experimental design was used in the study,with 84 students from a middle school selected as the research subjects(44 in the experimental group and 40 in the control group).The experimental group used the reflective feedback model,while the control group used the factual feedback model.The results show that,compared with factual feedback,the reflective feedback model based on the pedagogical agent significantly improves students’problem-solving ability,especially at the action and thinking levels.In addition,this model effectively reduces students’cognitive load,especially in terms of internal and external load.
