Poverty threatens human development especially for developing countries,so ending poverty has become one of the most important United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).This study aims to explore China’s pro...Poverty threatens human development especially for developing countries,so ending poverty has become one of the most important United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).This study aims to explore China’s progress in poverty reduction from 2016 to 2019 through time-series multi-source geospatial data and a deep learning model.The poverty reduction efficiency(PRE)is measured by the difference in the out-of-poverty rates(which measures the probability of being not poor)of 2016 and 2019.The study shows that the probability of poverty in all regions of China has shown an overall decreasing trend(PRE=0.264),which indicates that the progress in poverty reduction during this period is significant.The Hu Huanyong Line(Hu Line)shows an uneven geographical pattern of out-of-poverty rate between Southeast and Northwest China.From 2016 to 2019,the centroid of China’s out-of-poverty rate moved 105.786 km to the northeast while the standard deviation ellipse of the out-of-poverty rate moved 3 degrees away from the Hu Line,indicating that the regions with high out-of-poverty rates are more concentrated on the east side of the Hu Line from 2016 to 2019.The results imply that the government’s future poverty reduction policies should pay attention to the infrastructure construction in poor areas and appropriately increase the population density in poor areas.This study fills the gap in the research on poverty reduction under multiple scales and provides useful implications for the government’s poverty reduction policy.展开更多
Recently, researchers in the road field are focusing on the development of green asphalt materials with loweremission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The characterization methodology of asphalt VOCs and theinflu...Recently, researchers in the road field are focusing on the development of green asphalt materials with loweremission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The characterization methodology of asphalt VOCs and theinfluencing factors on VOCs release have always been the basic issue of asphalt VOCs emission reduction research.Researchers have proposed a variety of asphalt VOCs characterization methodologies, which also have mutuallyirreplaceable characteristics. Asphalt VOCs volatilization is affected by many factors. In this study, asphalt VOCscharacterization methodologies were summarized, including their advantages, disadvantages, characteristics andapplicable requirements. Subsequently, the influencing factors of VOCs release, such as asphalt types and environment conditions, are summarized to provide theoretical support for the emission reduction research. Theclassification and mechanism of newly-development asphalt VOCs emission reduction materials are reviewed. Thereduction efficiencies are also compared to select better materials and put forward the improvement objective ofnew materials and new processes. In addition, the prospects about development of VOCs release mechanism ofasphalt materials during the full life cycle and feasibility research of high-efficiency composite emission reductionmaterials in the future were put forward.展开更多
Based on the target of energy-saving and emission reduction(ESER)in the national five-year plan in China,an extended directional distance function model(E-DDF)including undesirable input and undesirable output is prop...Based on the target of energy-saving and emission reduction(ESER)in the national five-year plan in China,an extended directional distance function model(E-DDF)including undesirable input and undesirable output is proposed,and energy-saving efficiency,emission reduction efficiency,ESER efficiency are defined.Then the weighted directional distance function model is constructed for the total factors efficiency index model of ESER to reflect its dynamic change.The results show that the ESER efficiency continues to rise during the three five-year plan periods(2006-2017),and the efficiency score of the east area are higher than those of central and west area.The disparity and change of energy-saving efficiency among difference regions are not obvious,but the disparity and change of emission reduction efficiency are the main reasons for the improvement and change of ESER efficiency index.In the long run,the ESER efficiency is in a dynamic upward trend,and the effect of technological progress is more obvious compared with technical efficient index.展开更多
Niobium oxide nanowire-deposited carbon fiber（CF） samples were prepared using a hydrothermal method with amorphous Nb2O5·nH2O as precursor. The physical properties of the samples were characterized by means of ...Niobium oxide nanowire-deposited carbon fiber（CF） samples were prepared using a hydrothermal method with amorphous Nb2O5·nH2O as precursor. The physical properties of the samples were characterized by means of numerous techniques, including X-ray diffraction（XRD）, energy-dispersive spectroscopy（EDS）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, selected-area electron diffraction（SAED）, UV–visible spectroscopy（UV–vis）, N2 adsorption–desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR）, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The efficiency for the removal of Cr（VI） was determined.Parameters such as pH value and initial Cr（VI） concentration could influence the Cr（VI） removal efficiency or adsorption capacity of the Nb2O5/carbon fiber sample obtained after hydrothermal treatment at 160°C for 14 hr. The maximal Cr（VI） adsorption capacity of the Nb2O5 nanowire/CF sample was 115 mg/g. This Nb2O5/CF sample also showed excellent photocatalytic activity and stability for the reduction of Cr（Ⅵ） under UV-light irradiation： the Cr（VI） removal efficiency reached 99.9% after UV-light irradiation for 1 hr and there was no significant decrease in photocatalytic performance after the use of the sample for 10 repeated cycles. Such excellent Cr（VI） adsorption capacity and photocatalytic performance was related to its high surface area,abundant surface hydroxyl groups, and good UV-light absorption ability.展开更多
Based on the background of modern development, if each enterprise wants to achieve the sustainable development goal as soon as possible, it must emphasize the importance of management innovation. Through a series of m...Based on the background of modern development, if each enterprise wants to achieve the sustainable development goal as soon as possible, it must emphasize the importance of management innovation. Through a series of modern management methods, it can ensure that the enterprise can obtain the maximum economic benefits with the least investment in economic costs and steadily occupy an important share of the market. In this regard, the article focuses on several specific measures for management innovation to promote cost reduction and efficiency improvement of enterprises, hoping to provide some reference for relevant people.展开更多
This article studied the europium electroreduction kinetic properties in the Sm-Eu-Gd chloride system by using an electrolytic cell with membrane and constant potential method.The results indicate that within the para...This article studied the europium electroreduction kinetic properties in the Sm-Eu-Gd chloride system by using an electrolytic cell with membrane and constant potential method.The results indicate that within the parameter range of this study the europium reduction speed up with the increase of the system's temperature,the stirring intensity,feed concentration and the cathod area,and with the decrease of the cathodic potential.As the feed acidity increases,the reduction rate decreases.An empirical formula for europium's electroreduction kinetics in this experimental condition is also given.展开更多
In junior high school English homework, how to do a good job in the practice of "reducing burden and increasing efficiency" has become the primary problem teachers have to face. Based on junior high school E...In junior high school English homework, how to do a good job in the practice of "reducing burden and increasing efficiency" has become the primary problem teachers have to face. Based on junior high school English subject, this paper first expounds the necessity of "reducing burden and increasing efficiency" in junior high school English homework, and then discusses the practical strategies of "reducing burden and increasing efficiency" in junior high school English homework.展开更多
Prolonged exposure to coal dust leads to various lung disorders, including incurable coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP), and endangers miners’ health in underground mines. This article summarizes the latest research...Prolonged exposure to coal dust leads to various lung disorders, including incurable coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP), and endangers miners’ health in underground mines. This article summarizes the latest research progress in dust control technology, including chemical dust suppressants, foam dust removal, ultrasonic atomization, magnetized water dust suppression, double curtains of wind and fog, biological nano-film, and emerging microbial dust suppressants in the field of dust. The actual application compares and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different dust removal technologies. The current three directions of mine dust prevention and control are pointed out: the prevention and control of respirable dust, hydrophobic dust, and secondary dust, and the prospects for future development trends. Given the treatment of respirable dust, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the dust generation mechanism under different working conditions and to explore the migration and settlement laws of respirable dust by constructing a numerical model of dust dynamics;for the treatment of hydrophobic dust, further research on the microphysical and chemical properties of coal dust is needed. The relationship between wettability and continuously optimizing the wetting agent;for the prevention and control of secondary dust in coal mines, emerging microbial dust suppression technologies need to be developed to explore the micro-action between microorganisms and coal dust molecules to achieve green prevention and control of dust.展开更多
The anode injection efficiency reduction of 3.3-kV-class non-punch-through insulated-gate bipolar transistors （NPT-IGBTs） due to backside processes is experimentally studied through comparing the forward blocking ca...The anode injection efficiency reduction of 3.3-kV-class non-punch-through insulated-gate bipolar transistors （NPT-IGBTs） due to backside processes is experimentally studied through comparing the forward blocking capabilities of the experiments and the theoretical breakdown model in this paper.Wafer lifetimes are measured by aμ-PCD method,and well designed NPT-IGBTs with a final wafer thickness of 500μm are fabricated.The test results show higher breakdown voltages than the theoretical breakdown model in which anode injection efficiency reduction is not considered.This indicates that anode injection efficiency reduction must be considered in the breakdown model.Furthermore,the parameters related to anode injection efficiency reduction are estimated according to the experimental data.展开更多
In order to solve the problem of chemical fertilizer application balance of Pu’er tea in Taiwan, the effects of different fertilization treatments on land nutrient migration and tea quality were explored, and the bas...In order to solve the problem of chemical fertilizer application balance of Pu’er tea in Taiwan, the effects of different fertilization treatments on land nutrient migration and tea quality were explored, and the basis for rational fertilization of tea gardens was provided. In this study, the effects of different fertilization treatments on tea quality indexes were studied by three different sets of fertilization treatments in tea gardens. Three sets of different fertilization treatments were set up in the experiment: conventional fertilization treatment (T1), slow-release fertilizer reduction by 20% (T2) and slow-release fertilizer reduction by 30% (T3), and the quality index of tea under different fertilization treatments, as well as the alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and total nitrogen and total phosphorus content in surface water of the soil were measured and analyzed. The results showed that: 1) compared with T1, the soil available phosphorus in T3 decreased by 23.5%, and the alkalinelyzed nitrogen increased by 20.5%;2) compared with T1, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations of surface water in the T2 and T3 treatments were at a low level compared with T1;compared with T1, T2 decreased by 71.4%, and T3 decreased by 68.6%;3) compared with T1, T3 was able to maintain the quality indicators of amino acids, tea polyphenols and soluble sugars in tea in a high and stable range. Therefore, under the condition of conventional fertilization and reduction, a 30% reduction in slow-release fertilizer is currently more suitable for the fertilization technology of Menghai County Tea Garden.展开更多
The size of InGaN micro-LEDs is continuously decreasing to meet the demands of various emerging applications,especially in tiny micro-displays such as ARVR.However,the conventional pixel definition based on plasma etc...The size of InGaN micro-LEDs is continuously decreasing to meet the demands of various emerging applications,especially in tiny micro-displays such as ARVR.However,the conventional pixel definition based on plasma etching significantly damages the mesa sidewalls,leading to a severe reduction in efficiency as the micro-LED size decreases.This seriously impedes the development and application of micro-LEDs.In this work,we comprehensively explain the origin of micro-LED sidewall effects and corresponding physical models.Subsequently,we systematically review recent progress in micro-LED fabrication aiming at suppressing sidewall effects.Furthermore,we discuss advancements in micro-LED fabrication with"damage-free"techniques,which hold the potential to fundamentally address the issue of plasma damage in the micro-LED process.We believe this review will deepen the understanding of micro-LED sidewall effects and provide a better insight into the latest associated fabrication technologies for high-efficientInGaNmicro-LEDs.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[grant number 2019YFB2102903]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 41801306]+1 种基金the“CUG Scholar”Scientific Research Funds at China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)[grant number 2022034]a grant from State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System.
文摘Poverty threatens human development especially for developing countries,so ending poverty has become one of the most important United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).This study aims to explore China’s progress in poverty reduction from 2016 to 2019 through time-series multi-source geospatial data and a deep learning model.The poverty reduction efficiency(PRE)is measured by the difference in the out-of-poverty rates(which measures the probability of being not poor)of 2016 and 2019.The study shows that the probability of poverty in all regions of China has shown an overall decreasing trend(PRE=0.264),which indicates that the progress in poverty reduction during this period is significant.The Hu Huanyong Line(Hu Line)shows an uneven geographical pattern of out-of-poverty rate between Southeast and Northwest China.From 2016 to 2019,the centroid of China’s out-of-poverty rate moved 105.786 km to the northeast while the standard deviation ellipse of the out-of-poverty rate moved 3 degrees away from the Hu Line,indicating that the regions with high out-of-poverty rates are more concentrated on the east side of the Hu Line from 2016 to 2019.The results imply that the government’s future poverty reduction policies should pay attention to the infrastructure construction in poor areas and appropriately increase the population density in poor areas.This study fills the gap in the research on poverty reduction under multiple scales and provides useful implications for the government’s poverty reduction policy.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52378460 and 51878526)the Program Fund of Non-metallic Excellent and Innovation Center for Building Materials(Grants 2024TDA-3)Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Basic Research from the Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau(2022020801010176)are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Recently, researchers in the road field are focusing on the development of green asphalt materials with loweremission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The characterization methodology of asphalt VOCs and theinfluencing factors on VOCs release have always been the basic issue of asphalt VOCs emission reduction research.Researchers have proposed a variety of asphalt VOCs characterization methodologies, which also have mutuallyirreplaceable characteristics. Asphalt VOCs volatilization is affected by many factors. In this study, asphalt VOCscharacterization methodologies were summarized, including their advantages, disadvantages, characteristics andapplicable requirements. Subsequently, the influencing factors of VOCs release, such as asphalt types and environment conditions, are summarized to provide theoretical support for the emission reduction research. Theclassification and mechanism of newly-development asphalt VOCs emission reduction materials are reviewed. Thereduction efficiencies are also compared to select better materials and put forward the improvement objective ofnew materials and new processes. In addition, the prospects about development of VOCs release mechanism ofasphalt materials during the full life cycle and feasibility research of high-efficiency composite emission reductionmaterials in the future were put forward.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(Grant No.18BTJ003).
文摘Based on the target of energy-saving and emission reduction(ESER)in the national five-year plan in China,an extended directional distance function model(E-DDF)including undesirable input and undesirable output is proposed,and energy-saving efficiency,emission reduction efficiency,ESER efficiency are defined.Then the weighted directional distance function model is constructed for the total factors efficiency index model of ESER to reflect its dynamic change.The results show that the ESER efficiency continues to rise during the three five-year plan periods(2006-2017),and the efficiency score of the east area are higher than those of central and west area.The disparity and change of energy-saving efficiency among difference regions are not obvious,but the disparity and change of emission reduction efficiency are the main reasons for the improvement and change of ESER efficiency index.In the long run,the ESER efficiency is in a dynamic upward trend,and the effect of technological progress is more obvious compared with technical efficient index.
基金financially supported by the major Project of the national science and technology of China (No. SQ2017YFGX010248)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 2172011)
文摘Niobium oxide nanowire-deposited carbon fiber（CF） samples were prepared using a hydrothermal method with amorphous Nb2O5·nH2O as precursor. The physical properties of the samples were characterized by means of numerous techniques, including X-ray diffraction（XRD）, energy-dispersive spectroscopy（EDS）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, selected-area electron diffraction（SAED）, UV–visible spectroscopy（UV–vis）, N2 adsorption–desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR）, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The efficiency for the removal of Cr（VI） was determined.Parameters such as pH value and initial Cr（VI） concentration could influence the Cr（VI） removal efficiency or adsorption capacity of the Nb2O5/carbon fiber sample obtained after hydrothermal treatment at 160°C for 14 hr. The maximal Cr（VI） adsorption capacity of the Nb2O5 nanowire/CF sample was 115 mg/g. This Nb2O5/CF sample also showed excellent photocatalytic activity and stability for the reduction of Cr（Ⅵ） under UV-light irradiation： the Cr（VI） removal efficiency reached 99.9% after UV-light irradiation for 1 hr and there was no significant decrease in photocatalytic performance after the use of the sample for 10 repeated cycles. Such excellent Cr（VI） adsorption capacity and photocatalytic performance was related to its high surface area,abundant surface hydroxyl groups, and good UV-light absorption ability.
文摘Based on the background of modern development, if each enterprise wants to achieve the sustainable development goal as soon as possible, it must emphasize the importance of management innovation. Through a series of modern management methods, it can ensure that the enterprise can obtain the maximum economic benefits with the least investment in economic costs and steadily occupy an important share of the market. In this regard, the article focuses on several specific measures for management innovation to promote cost reduction and efficiency improvement of enterprises, hoping to provide some reference for relevant people.
基金The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘This article studied the europium electroreduction kinetic properties in the Sm-Eu-Gd chloride system by using an electrolytic cell with membrane and constant potential method.The results indicate that within the parameter range of this study the europium reduction speed up with the increase of the system's temperature,the stirring intensity,feed concentration and the cathod area,and with the decrease of the cathodic potential.As the feed acidity increases,the reduction rate decreases.An empirical formula for europium's electroreduction kinetics in this experimental condition is also given.
文摘In junior high school English homework, how to do a good job in the practice of "reducing burden and increasing efficiency" has become the primary problem teachers have to face. Based on junior high school English subject, this paper first expounds the necessity of "reducing burden and increasing efficiency" in junior high school English homework, and then discusses the practical strategies of "reducing burden and increasing efficiency" in junior high school English homework.
文摘Prolonged exposure to coal dust leads to various lung disorders, including incurable coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP), and endangers miners’ health in underground mines. This article summarizes the latest research progress in dust control technology, including chemical dust suppressants, foam dust removal, ultrasonic atomization, magnetized water dust suppression, double curtains of wind and fog, biological nano-film, and emerging microbial dust suppressants in the field of dust. The actual application compares and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different dust removal technologies. The current three directions of mine dust prevention and control are pointed out: the prevention and control of respirable dust, hydrophobic dust, and secondary dust, and the prospects for future development trends. Given the treatment of respirable dust, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the dust generation mechanism under different working conditions and to explore the migration and settlement laws of respirable dust by constructing a numerical model of dust dynamics;for the treatment of hydrophobic dust, further research on the microphysical and chemical properties of coal dust is needed. The relationship between wettability and continuously optimizing the wetting agent;for the prevention and control of secondary dust in coal mines, emerging microbial dust suppression technologies need to be developed to explore the micro-action between microorganisms and coal dust molecules to achieve green prevention and control of dust.
基金supported by the Major Specialized Program of National Science and Technology,China(No.2011ZX02706-003)
文摘The anode injection efficiency reduction of 3.3-kV-class non-punch-through insulated-gate bipolar transistors （NPT-IGBTs） due to backside processes is experimentally studied through comparing the forward blocking capabilities of the experiments and the theoretical breakdown model in this paper.Wafer lifetimes are measured by aμ-PCD method,and well designed NPT-IGBTs with a final wafer thickness of 500μm are fabricated.The test results show higher breakdown voltages than the theoretical breakdown model in which anode injection efficiency reduction is not considered.This indicates that anode injection efficiency reduction must be considered in the breakdown model.Furthermore,the parameters related to anode injection efficiency reduction are estimated according to the experimental data.
文摘In order to solve the problem of chemical fertilizer application balance of Pu’er tea in Taiwan, the effects of different fertilization treatments on land nutrient migration and tea quality were explored, and the basis for rational fertilization of tea gardens was provided. In this study, the effects of different fertilization treatments on tea quality indexes were studied by three different sets of fertilization treatments in tea gardens. Three sets of different fertilization treatments were set up in the experiment: conventional fertilization treatment (T1), slow-release fertilizer reduction by 20% (T2) and slow-release fertilizer reduction by 30% (T3), and the quality index of tea under different fertilization treatments, as well as the alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and total nitrogen and total phosphorus content in surface water of the soil were measured and analyzed. The results showed that: 1) compared with T1, the soil available phosphorus in T3 decreased by 23.5%, and the alkalinelyzed nitrogen increased by 20.5%;2) compared with T1, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations of surface water in the T2 and T3 treatments were at a low level compared with T1;compared with T1, T2 decreased by 71.4%, and T3 decreased by 68.6%;3) compared with T1, T3 was able to maintain the quality indicators of amino acids, tea polyphenols and soluble sugars in tea in a high and stable range. Therefore, under the condition of conventional fertilization and reduction, a 30% reduction in slow-release fertilizer is currently more suitable for the fertilization technology of Menghai County Tea Garden.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge the support of KAUST Baseline Fund BAS/1/1664-01-01,Transition Award in Semiconductors,Award No.FCC/1/5939,OpportunityFundURF/1/5557-01-01.
文摘The size of InGaN micro-LEDs is continuously decreasing to meet the demands of various emerging applications,especially in tiny micro-displays such as ARVR.However,the conventional pixel definition based on plasma etching significantly damages the mesa sidewalls,leading to a severe reduction in efficiency as the micro-LED size decreases.This seriously impedes the development and application of micro-LEDs.In this work,we comprehensively explain the origin of micro-LED sidewall effects and corresponding physical models.Subsequently,we systematically review recent progress in micro-LED fabrication aiming at suppressing sidewall effects.Furthermore,we discuss advancements in micro-LED fabrication with"damage-free"techniques,which hold the potential to fundamentally address the issue of plasma damage in the micro-LED process.We believe this review will deepen the understanding of micro-LED sidewall effects and provide a better insight into the latest associated fabrication technologies for high-efficientInGaNmicro-LEDs.
