In this paper, the authors analyzed the correlation between the microbiological stability of white wines and the content of sulfur dioxide, which influences the main redox processes that take place in the technologica...In this paper, the authors analyzed the correlation between the microbiological stability of white wines and the content of sulfur dioxide, which influences the main redox processes that take place in the technological stages of the wine. The consecutive, parallel and spontaneous development of several redox processes and their impact on the quality, microbiological and crystalline stability of white wines were examined. The reduction of additive and subtractive technological interventions, of the amounts of adjuvants (sulphurous anhydride) is essential for the production of organic wines.展开更多
The investigation of bile pigments (bilirubin (BR), biliverdin (BV), purpurin (Pu), choletelin (Ch) etc.) by cyclic voltammetry, in-situ rapid scanning thin layer spectroelectrochemistry and ESR spectroscopy indicates...The investigation of bile pigments (bilirubin (BR), biliverdin (BV), purpurin (Pu), choletelin (Ch) etc.) by cyclic voltammetry, in-situ rapid scanning thin layer spectroelectrochemistry and ESR spectroscopy indicates that many free radical intermediates and polymers are produced during oxidation and reduction processes.展开更多
The lunar regolith records signatures of material‒energy interactions with both the solar system and beyond.Traditional space weathering processes,based on laboratory analyses and remote-sensing data,emphasize a reduc...The lunar regolith records signatures of material‒energy interactions with both the solar system and beyond.Traditional space weathering processes,based on laboratory analyses and remote-sensing data,emphasize a reduction-dominated paradigm in which nanophase metallic iron(np-Fe^(0))formation and spectral reddening are primarily driven by micrometeorite impacts and solar wind irradiation.However,emerging evidence of complex oxidation processes,including impact-generated magnetite,disproportionation reactions,and oxidation signatures potentially induced by Earth's magnetotail,challenges this conventional view.These conflicting evolutionary signatures indicate that existing models may fail to capture the full spectrum of oxidation and reduction pathways involved in lunar space weathering.Integrating laboratory analyses and remote-sensing data,we here construct a multi-scale redox dynamics framework that elucidates three critical reaction processes:vapor deposition,in situ reduction,and self-redox reactions.This framework reveals a spatiotemporal decoupling between globally sustained reduction and localized,episodic oxidation events.This review provides key constraints for understanding the complex lunar surface evolution mechanisms and long-term evolution of airless planetary bodies.展开更多
The effective elimination of aromatic compounds from wastewater is imperative for safeguarding the ecological environment.Bioelectrochemical processes that combine cathodic reduction and anodic oxidation represent a p...The effective elimination of aromatic compounds from wastewater is imperative for safeguarding the ecological environment.Bioelectrochemical processes that combine cathodic reduction and anodic oxidation represent a promising approach for the biomineralization of aromatic compounds.However,conventional direct current bioelectrochemical methods have intrinsic limitations.In this study,a low-frequency and low-voltage alternating current(LFV-AC)-driven bioelectrode offering periodic in situ coupling of reduction and oxidation processes was developed for the biomineralization of aromatic compounds,as exemplified by the degradation of alizarin yellow R(AYR).LFV-AC stimulated biofilm demonstrated efficient bidirectional electron transfer and oxidation–reduction bifunctionality,considerably boosting AYR reduction(63.07%±1.91%)and subsequent mineralization of intermediate products(98.63%±0.37%).LFV-AC stimulation facilitated the assembly of a collaborative microbiome dedicated to AYR metabolism,characterized by an increased abundance of functional consortia proficient in azo dye reduction(Stenotrophomonas and Bradyrhizobium),aromatic intermediate oxidation(Sphingopyxis and Sphingomonas),and electron transfer(Geobacter and Pseudomonas).The collaborative microbiome demonstrated a notable enrichment of functional genes encoding azo-and nitro-reductases,catechol oxygenases,and redox mediator proteins.These findings highlight the effectiveness of LFV-AC stimulation in boosting azo dye biomineralization,offering a novel and sustainable approach for the efficient removal of refractory organic pollutants from wastewater.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)have become a favorable contender for next-generation electrochemical energy storage systems due to their outstanding features such as high energy density,low cost,and environmental frien...Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)have become a favorable contender for next-generation electrochemical energy storage systems due to their outstanding features such as high energy density,low cost,and environmental friendliness.However,the commercialization of LSBs is still characterized by critical issues such as low sulfur utilization,short cycle life,and poor rate performance,which need to be resolved.Single-atom catalysts,with their outstanding features such as ultra-high atom utilization rate close to 100%and adjustable coordination configuration,have received extensive attention in the field of lithium-sulfur battery research.In this paper,the preparation and characterization of single-atom catalysts for Li-S batteries are briefly introduced,and the latest research progress of single-atom catalysts for Li-S batteries is reviewed from three aspects:cathode,separator and anode.Finally,the key technical problems and future research directions of single-atom catalysts for lithium-sulfur batteries are also prospected,with a view to promoting the further development of commercialized LSBs.展开更多
Iron and manganese oxides are common components of soils. They frequently occur in nodules constituting important soil sorbents and play a crucial role in a number of chemical reactions in the soil environment. In add...Iron and manganese oxides are common components of soils. They frequently occur in nodules constituting important soil sorbents and play a crucial role in a number of chemical reactions in the soil environment. In addition, the oxides are very sensitive to environmental changes (moisture, pH, Eh) constituting important indicators of soil-forming processes and water movement in the landscape. The objectives of the study were: i) to examine the distribution and size of Fe-Mn nodules in Albeluvisols containing a fragipan horizon; ii) to determine the morphology and chemical composition of the nodules, and iii) to estimate the effect of the fragipan horizon on water movement within the soil profile. An investigation was carried out on five soil profiles containing a fragipan horizon and classified as Fragic Albeluvisols within the Carpathian Foothills in Poland. In the Albeluvisols studied, the maximum concentration of Fe-Mn nodules occurred in the horizon lying directly on the fragipan horizon. This suggests that the pan acts as a natural barrier restricting water infiltration and leads to the seasonal development of a perched water table promoting redox processes. The most common are coarse (1-0.5 mm) and medium (0.5-0.25 mm) irregular Fe-Mn nodules showing a gradual boundary and undifferentiated internal fabric. Eluvial horizons contained also larger amounts of round and dense nodules with a sharp boundary, suggesting frequent oxidation and reduction. The fragipan horizon contained mainly irregular and soft nodules, suggesting longer saturation with water during the year. Concentrations of trace elements (Cu, Zn) and P were higher within Fe-Mn nodules than in the surrounding soil materials, showing that iron and manganese oxides adsorbed and immobilised these elements.展开更多
Most lowlands in Northeast Thailand(Isaan region)are cultivated with rice and large areas are affected by salinity, which drastically limits rice production.A field experiment was conducted during the 2003 rainy seaso...Most lowlands in Northeast Thailand(Isaan region)are cultivated with rice and large areas are affected by salinity, which drastically limits rice production.A field experiment was conducted during the 2003 rainy season to explore the interactions between salinity and land management in two fields representative of two farming practices:an intensively managed plot with organic inputs and efficient water management,and one without organic matter addition.Field measurements,including pH,Eh,electrical conductivity(EC),and soil solution chemistry,were performed at three depths, with a particular focus on Fe dynamics,inside and outside saline patches. High reducing conditions appeared after flooding particularly in plots receiving organic matter and reduction processes leading to oxide reduction and to the release of Fe and,to a lesser extend,Mn to the soil solution.Oxide reduction led to the consumption of H^+ and the more the Fe reduction was,the higher the pH was,up to 6.5.Formation of hydroxy-green rust were likely to be at the origin of the pH stabilization.In the absence of organic amendments,high salinity prevented the establishment of the reduction processes and pH value remained around 4.Even under high reduction conditions,the Fe concentrations in the soil solution were below commonly observed toxic values and the amended plot had better rice production yield.展开更多
The interpretation of geophysical data from mature hydrocarbon contaminated sites has relied on a conductive plume model where the conductivity of the subsurface contaminant volume is the result of microbial mediated ...The interpretation of geophysical data from mature hydrocarbon contaminated sites has relied on a conductive plume model where the conductivity of the subsurface contaminant volume is the result of microbial mediated changes in pore fluid chemistry. This conductive anomalous region is characterized by high total dissolved solids and occurs within the water table fluctuation zone where microbial activity is the maximum. Here we update this conductive plume model by providing new insights from recent laboratory investigations and geophysical data from hydrocarbon contaminated sites suggesting the unrecognized role of the impact that microbial-mediated metallic mineral precipitates have on geophysical signatures. We show that microbial redox processes（e.g., iron and sulfate reduction） during the biodegradation process involve mineralogical transformations and the precipitation of new minerals（e.g., magnetite, and pyrite） that can impact the electrical and magnetic properties of contaminated sediments. We provide examples from laboratory experiments and field studies and suggest that knowledge of the dominant redox processes occurring at hydrocarbon contaminated sites and the mineral phases formed is critical for a more robust interpretation of geophysical data associated with microbial-mediated changes at hydrocarbon contaminated sites. We also show that integration of both magnetic and electrical techniques may help reduce ambiguity in data interpretation.展开更多
The influence of magnetic field on the redox potentials of the Nernst equation. The author offered the new formula Nernst equation in a magnetic field. Our proposed formula takes into account the influence of the magn...The influence of magnetic field on the redox potentials of the Nernst equation. The author offered the new formula Nernst equation in a magnetic field. Our proposed formula takes into account the influence of the magnetic field on the redox processes.展开更多
Cobalt hexacyanoferrate (CoHCF) is a potential cathode for aqueous Na-ion batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity (170 m Ah g^(-1));however,its lower rate capability and cyclability limit its applicati...Cobalt hexacyanoferrate (CoHCF) is a potential cathode for aqueous Na-ion batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity (170 m Ah g^(-1));however,its lower rate capability and cyclability limit its applications.Structural distortion at a weak N-coordinated crystal field during cycling disintegrates Co,yielding an irreversible reaction.Different Zn amounts ranging 0–1 were added to the Co site to suppress the structural irreversibility of CoHCF,yielding Co_(1-x)Zn_(x)HCF powder;this Zn (x≤0.09) addition reduced the powder’s dimension because the lower four coordination of Zn–N,not the six coordination of Co–N,limits the powder growth.Simultaneously,a small lattice parameter and interaxial angle (~90°) are obtained,implying that a narrower Co_(1-x)Zn_(x)HCF inner structure is formed to accommodate Na ions.Moreover,the electronic conductivity of Co_(1-x)Zn_(x)HCF gradually increased within 0–0.09 range.A smaller particle size with a high surface area leads to a near-surface-limited redox process,similar to a capacitive reaction.Both the surface-limited reaction and electronic conductivity enhances the reversibility due to the smaller charge transfer resistance at the electrode/electrolyte interface caused by Zn addition.Replacing redox-active Co with non-active Zn amount of 0.07 (Co_(1-x)Zn_(x)HCF) slightly reduces the specific capacity from 127 to 119 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1)due to the shrunken Co charging sites.Rate performance is enhanced by compromising the capacity and reduced distortion,resulting in 81%retention at a 20-times-faster charging rate.Notably,the Co_(1-x)Zn_(x)HCF sample exhibited the good stability while preserving 74%of the initial capacity at 0.5 A g^(-1)after 200 cycles.展开更多
Basic oxygen furnace slag（BOFS） has the potential to remove hexavalent chromium（Cr（VI））from wastewater by a redox process due to the presence of minerals containing Fe2＋. The effects of the solution p H, initia...Basic oxygen furnace slag（BOFS） has the potential to remove hexavalent chromium（Cr（VI））from wastewater by a redox process due to the presence of minerals containing Fe2＋. The effects of the solution p H, initial Cr（VI） concentration, BOFS dosage, BOFS particle size, and temperature on the removal of Cr（VI） was investigated in detail through batch tests. The chemical and mineral compositions of fresh and reacted BOFS were characterized using scanning electron microscope（SEM） equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer（EDS）system and X-ray diffractometer（XRD）. The results show that Cr（VI） in wastewater can be efficiently removed by Fe2＋released from BOFS under appropriate acidic conditions. The removal of Cr（VI） by BOFS significantly depended on the parameters mentioned above. The reaction of Cr（VI） with BOFS followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Fe2＋responsible for Cr（VI） removal was primarily derived from the dissolution of Fe O and Fe3O4 in BOFS. When H2SO4 was used to adjust the solution acidity, gypsum（Ca SO4·2H2O）could be formed and become an armoring precipitate layer on the BOFS surface, hindering the release of Fe2＋and the removal of Cr（VI）. Finally, the main mechanism of Cr（VI） removal by BOFS was described using several consecutive reaction steps.展开更多
Temporal changes of dominant microbial populations in groundwater in response to the leachate from Shanghai Laogang Landfill were investigated. Concentrations of dissolved redox relevant species in groundwater suggest...Temporal changes of dominant microbial populations in groundwater in response to the leachate from Shanghai Laogang Landfill were investigated. Concentrations of dissolved redox relevant species in groundwater suggested that the dominating redox process had changed from denitrification to methane production/sulfate reduction due to landfilling. Dominant microbial populations were determined using restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) analyses of 16S rRNA gene libraries, which were further studied by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. The results indicated that obvious shifts of dominant microbial populations had occurred in groundwater in response to the pollution of leachate. The closest relatives of some dominant clones are accordant with the dominating redox processes determined by hydrochemical analyses, based on the GenBank's indications on the ability to perform redox reactions.展开更多
A redox process combining propane dehydrogenation(PDH)with selective hydrogen combustion(SHC)is proposed,modeled,simulated,and optimized.In this process,PDH and SHC catalysts are physically mixed in a fixed-bed reacto...A redox process combining propane dehydrogenation(PDH)with selective hydrogen combustion(SHC)is proposed,modeled,simulated,and optimized.In this process,PDH and SHC catalysts are physically mixed in a fixed-bed reactor,so that the two reactions proceed simultaneously.The redox process can be up to 177.0%higher in propylene yield than the conventional process where only PDH catalysts are packed in the reactor.The reason is twofold:firstly,SHC reaction consumes hydrogen and then shifts PDH reaction equilibrium towards propylene;secondly,SHC reaction provides much heat to drive the highly endothermic PDH reaction.Considering propylene yield,operating time,and other factors,the preferable operating conditions for the redox process are a feed temperature of 973 K,a feed pressure of 0.1 MPa,and a mole ratio of H_(2) to C_(3)H_(8) of 0.15,and the optimal mass fraction of PDH catalyst is 0.5.This work should provide some useful guidance for the development of redox processes for propane dehydrogenation.展开更多
CONSPECTUS:Organic battery electrode materials are key enablers of different postlithium cell chemistries.As a p-type compound with up to two reversible redox processes at relatively high potentials of 3.5 and 4.1 V v...CONSPECTUS:Organic battery electrode materials are key enablers of different postlithium cell chemistries.As a p-type compound with up to two reversible redox processes at relatively high potentials of 3.5 and 4.1 V vs.Li/Li+,phenothiazine is an excellently suited redox-active group.It can easily be functionalized and incorporated into polymeric structures,a prerequisite to obtain insolubility in liquid battery electrolytes.展开更多
Recovering valuable materials from waste streams is critical to the transition to a circular economy with reduced environmental damages caused by resource extraction activities.Municipal and industrial wastewaters con...Recovering valuable materials from waste streams is critical to the transition to a circular economy with reduced environmental damages caused by resource extraction activities.Municipal and industrial wastewaters contain a variety of materials,such as nutrients(nitrogen and phosphorus),lithium,and rare earth elements,which can be recovered as value-added products.Owing to their modularity,convenient operation and control,and the non-requirement of chemical dosage,electrochemical technologies offer a great promise for resource recovery in small-scale,decentralized systems.Here,we review three emerging electrochemical technologies for materials recovery applications:electrosorption based on carbonaceous and intercalation electrodes,electrochemical redox processes,and electrochemically induced precipitation.We highlight the mechanisms for achieving selective materials recovery in these processes.We also present an overview of the advantages and limitations of these technologies,as well as the key challenges that need to be overcome for their deployment in real-world systems to achieve cost-effective and sustainable materials recovery.展开更多
Conversion-type anode materials of transition metal oxides,sulfides and selenides M_(a)X_(b)(M=transition metal,X=O,S,and Se)are being heavily studied in the fields of alkali-ion batteries,including Li-,Na-,and Kion b...Conversion-type anode materials of transition metal oxides,sulfides and selenides M_(a)X_(b)(M=transition metal,X=O,S,and Se)are being heavily studied in the fields of alkali-ion batteries,including Li-,Na-,and Kion batteries(LIBs,NIBs,and KIBs).This is because the conversion reaction of a MaXb anode is a redox process of multielectron transfer per formula,generating a large capacity and potentially leading to a high energy density of battery cells.展开更多
Chlorinated organic pollutants(COPs),both emerging and traditional,are typical persistent pollutants that harm soil health worldwide.Dechlorinators mediated reductive dechlorination is the optimal way to completely re...Chlorinated organic pollutants(COPs),both emerging and traditional,are typical persistent pollutants that harm soil health worldwide.Dechlorinators mediated reductive dechlorination is the optimal way to completely remove COPs from anaerobic soil through a redox reaction driven by electron transfer during microbial anaerobic respiration.Generally,the dechlorinated depletion of COPs in situ often interacts with multiple element biogeochemical activities,e.g.,methanogenesis,sulfate reduction,iron reduction,and denitrification.Elucidating the relevance of biogeochemical cycles between COPs and multiple elements and the coupled mechanisms involved,thus,helps to develop effective pollution control strategies with the balance between pollution degradation and element cycles in heterogeneous soil,ultimately contributing to“one health”goal.In this review,we summarized the microbial-chemical coupling redox processes and the driving factors,elucidated the interspecies metabolites exchange and electron transfer mechanisms within COP-dechlorinating communities,and further proposed a detailed design,construction,and analysis framework of engineering COP-dechlorinating microbiomes via“top-down”selfassembly and“bottom-up”synthesis to pave the way from laboratory to practical field application.Especially,we delve into the major challenges and perspectives surrounding the design of state-of-the-art synthetic microbial communities.Our goal is to improve the understanding of the microbial-mediated coupling between reductive dechlorination and element biogeochemical cycling,with a particular focus on the implications for health-integrated soil bioremediation under the“one health”concept.展开更多
For the first time,one of the antibiotic nanoparticles such as a classical form of ampicillin trihydrate compound was studied.The electrochemical behavior of ampicillin nanoparticles was investigated in blood medium u...For the first time,one of the antibiotic nanoparticles such as a classical form of ampicillin trihydrate compound was studied.The electrochemical behavior of ampicillin nanoparticles was investigated in blood medium using cyclic voltammetric technique by glassy carbon electrode.The results showed that the oxidation-reduction current peaks of ampicillin nanoparticles in blood medium were different from that of microparticles.The nanoparticles acted as anti-oxidative antibiotic by making the oxidation current peak at 1 V disappear,while the oxidation peak of microparticles still appeared in blood medium;hence,ampicillin at microform acted as oxidative reagent in blood medium.A good reliability and stability of glassy carbon electrode in blood medium was found with low values of RSD for oxidation-reduction current peaks at±0.52%and±0.038%respectively.Scanning electron microscopy for the characterization of ampicillin trihydrate nanoparticles was studied.展开更多
Electrochemical of redox current peaks of lead sulphate PbSO4 was studied in blood medium in present of different reagents such as ascorbic acid(AA),glucose,urea,and uric acid using cyclic voltammetric technique at gl...Electrochemical of redox current peaks of lead sulphate PbSO4 was studied in blood medium in present of different reagents such as ascorbic acid(AA),glucose,urea,and uric acid using cyclic voltammetric technique at glassy carbon electrode(GCE).It was found that Pb(Ⅱ)ions in aqueous electrolyte(0.1 M KCl)have oxidation current peak at-540 mV and reduction current peak at-600 mV.But,it was different electrochemical properties of the redox current peaks of Pb(Ⅱ)ions in blood medium,the reduction current peak was disappearing and the oxidation current peak was enhanced.Also,in the different reagents(glucose,AA,urea and uric acid)causes an enhancement of the oxidation current peak and reducing of the reduction current peak or disappearing.It means that the reagents(glucose,AA,urea and uric acid)were oxidative effective in the blood component for the lead ions in the damage the blood cells.展开更多
Anaerobic ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))oxidation is one of the key processes in nitrogen cycling.After the canonical pathway for it using NO_(2)^(−)as the electron acceptor was first discovered,novel pathways for it using Fe^(...Anaerobic ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))oxidation is one of the key processes in nitrogen cycling.After the canonical pathway for it using NO_(2)^(−)as the electron acceptor was first discovered,novel pathways for it using Fe^(3+),Mn^(4+),SO_(4)^(2−),or AsO_(4)^(3−),as electron acceptors have recently been confirmed.Nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)is a strong oxidant,and there is currently no report on whether it can act as an electron acceptor to couple with anaerobic ammonium oxidation in natural habitats.From a thermodynamic perspective,the potential anaerobic ammonium oxidation driven by N_(2)O reduction generates much higher free energy than the canonical anaerobic ammonium oxidation driven by NO_(2)^(−)reduction,indicating that it is more likely to occur spontaneously.Some specific habitats such as ammonium-rich wastewater,with low levels of active organic carbon and high concentration of N_(2)O may be favorable for N_(2)O-mediated anaerobic ammonium oxidation.The extracellular electron transfer between symbiotic bacteria may be an important way of electron transfer in this coupling process.By using enrichment culture combined with 15N labeling technique,oxidation rate,electron transfer pathway,and metagenome(and transcriptome)information of this coupling process could be powerfully investigated.The study could expanding our understanding of transformation process in nitrogen biogeochemical cycle.展开更多
文摘In this paper, the authors analyzed the correlation between the microbiological stability of white wines and the content of sulfur dioxide, which influences the main redox processes that take place in the technological stages of the wine. The consecutive, parallel and spontaneous development of several redox processes and their impact on the quality, microbiological and crystalline stability of white wines were examined. The reduction of additive and subtractive technological interventions, of the amounts of adjuvants (sulphurous anhydride) is essential for the production of organic wines.
文摘The investigation of bile pigments (bilirubin (BR), biliverdin (BV), purpurin (Pu), choletelin (Ch) etc.) by cyclic voltammetry, in-situ rapid scanning thin layer spectroelectrochemistry and ESR spectroscopy indicates that many free radical intermediates and polymers are produced during oxidation and reduction processes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.42441804,42273042,and 42303041)The Open Fund Project of National Key Laboratory of Deep Space Exploration(grant No.NKDSEL2024003)+8 种基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.U24A2008)Youth Innovation Promotion Association Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)awards“From 0 to 1”Original Exploration Cultivation Project,Institute of Geochemistry,CAS(grant No.DHSZZ2023.3)Bureau of Frontier Sciences and Basic Research,CAS(grant No.QYJ-2025-0103)Guizhou Provincial Foundation for Excellent Scholars Program(grant No.GCC[2023]088)Provincial Key Research and Development Plan Projects of Heilongjiang(grant No.2024ZXDXB52)Innovation and Development Fund of Science and Technology,Institute of Geochemistry,CASand Guizhou Province Basic Research Program Project(grant No.QKHJC-ZK[2023]-General 473)Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education(grant No.YCBZ2023144).
文摘The lunar regolith records signatures of material‒energy interactions with both the solar system and beyond.Traditional space weathering processes,based on laboratory analyses and remote-sensing data,emphasize a reduction-dominated paradigm in which nanophase metallic iron(np-Fe^(0))formation and spectral reddening are primarily driven by micrometeorite impacts and solar wind irradiation.However,emerging evidence of complex oxidation processes,including impact-generated magnetite,disproportionation reactions,and oxidation signatures potentially induced by Earth's magnetotail,challenges this conventional view.These conflicting evolutionary signatures indicate that existing models may fail to capture the full spectrum of oxidation and reduction pathways involved in lunar space weathering.Integrating laboratory analyses and remote-sensing data,we here construct a multi-scale redox dynamics framework that elucidates three critical reaction processes:vapor deposition,in situ reduction,and self-redox reactions.This framework reveals a spatiotemporal decoupling between globally sustained reduction and localized,episodic oxidation events.This review provides key constraints for understanding the complex lunar surface evolution mechanisms and long-term evolution of airless planetary bodies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52170054,51608467,and 52200202)the“Qing Lan Project”of Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province。
文摘The effective elimination of aromatic compounds from wastewater is imperative for safeguarding the ecological environment.Bioelectrochemical processes that combine cathodic reduction and anodic oxidation represent a promising approach for the biomineralization of aromatic compounds.However,conventional direct current bioelectrochemical methods have intrinsic limitations.In this study,a low-frequency and low-voltage alternating current(LFV-AC)-driven bioelectrode offering periodic in situ coupling of reduction and oxidation processes was developed for the biomineralization of aromatic compounds,as exemplified by the degradation of alizarin yellow R(AYR).LFV-AC stimulated biofilm demonstrated efficient bidirectional electron transfer and oxidation–reduction bifunctionality,considerably boosting AYR reduction(63.07%±1.91%)and subsequent mineralization of intermediate products(98.63%±0.37%).LFV-AC stimulation facilitated the assembly of a collaborative microbiome dedicated to AYR metabolism,characterized by an increased abundance of functional consortia proficient in azo dye reduction(Stenotrophomonas and Bradyrhizobium),aromatic intermediate oxidation(Sphingopyxis and Sphingomonas),and electron transfer(Geobacter and Pseudomonas).The collaborative microbiome demonstrated a notable enrichment of functional genes encoding azo-and nitro-reductases,catechol oxygenases,and redox mediator proteins.These findings highlight the effectiveness of LFV-AC stimulation in boosting azo dye biomineralization,offering a novel and sustainable approach for the efficient removal of refractory organic pollutants from wastewater.
基金supported by the Shenzhen Key Basic Research Project:Ionic Liquid-Assisted Synthesis of Single Catalyst and Its Applications in Lithium Sulfur Batteries(GXWD20220817125846003)Major Instrument Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(62127807)Shenzhen Sustainable Development Special Project(KCXFZ20201221173000001).
文摘Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)have become a favorable contender for next-generation electrochemical energy storage systems due to their outstanding features such as high energy density,low cost,and environmental friendliness.However,the commercialization of LSBs is still characterized by critical issues such as low sulfur utilization,short cycle life,and poor rate performance,which need to be resolved.Single-atom catalysts,with their outstanding features such as ultra-high atom utilization rate close to 100%and adjustable coordination configuration,have received extensive attention in the field of lithium-sulfur battery research.In this paper,the preparation and characterization of single-atom catalysts for Li-S batteries are briefly introduced,and the latest research progress of single-atom catalysts for Li-S batteries is reviewed from three aspects:cathode,separator and anode.Finally,the key technical problems and future research directions of single-atom catalysts for lithium-sulfur batteries are also prospected,with a view to promoting the further development of commercialized LSBs.
基金Supported by the Polish State Committee for Scientific Research (No. N N305 120934)
文摘Iron and manganese oxides are common components of soils. They frequently occur in nodules constituting important soil sorbents and play a crucial role in a number of chemical reactions in the soil environment. In addition, the oxides are very sensitive to environmental changes (moisture, pH, Eh) constituting important indicators of soil-forming processes and water movement in the landscape. The objectives of the study were: i) to examine the distribution and size of Fe-Mn nodules in Albeluvisols containing a fragipan horizon; ii) to determine the morphology and chemical composition of the nodules, and iii) to estimate the effect of the fragipan horizon on water movement within the soil profile. An investigation was carried out on five soil profiles containing a fragipan horizon and classified as Fragic Albeluvisols within the Carpathian Foothills in Poland. In the Albeluvisols studied, the maximum concentration of Fe-Mn nodules occurred in the horizon lying directly on the fragipan horizon. This suggests that the pan acts as a natural barrier restricting water infiltration and leads to the seasonal development of a perched water table promoting redox processes. The most common are coarse (1-0.5 mm) and medium (0.5-0.25 mm) irregular Fe-Mn nodules showing a gradual boundary and undifferentiated internal fabric. Eluvial horizons contained also larger amounts of round and dense nodules with a sharp boundary, suggesting frequent oxidation and reduction. The fragipan horizon contained mainly irregular and soft nodules, suggesting longer saturation with water during the year. Concentrations of trace elements (Cu, Zn) and P were higher within Fe-Mn nodules than in the surrounding soil materials, showing that iron and manganese oxides adsorbed and immobilised these elements.
基金the French Ministry of Research under the ACI-FNS"ECCO-PNBC"project"Evaluation du r~■le des paramètres environnementaux et des activités bactériennes dans la dynamique du fer et du manganèse dans la rhizosphère des plantes:application aux sols de rizières"by the French Embassy in Bangkok.
文摘Most lowlands in Northeast Thailand(Isaan region)are cultivated with rice and large areas are affected by salinity, which drastically limits rice production.A field experiment was conducted during the 2003 rainy season to explore the interactions between salinity and land management in two fields representative of two farming practices:an intensively managed plot with organic inputs and efficient water management,and one without organic matter addition.Field measurements,including pH,Eh,electrical conductivity(EC),and soil solution chemistry,were performed at three depths, with a particular focus on Fe dynamics,inside and outside saline patches. High reducing conditions appeared after flooding particularly in plots receiving organic matter and reduction processes leading to oxide reduction and to the release of Fe and,to a lesser extend,Mn to the soil solution.Oxide reduction led to the consumption of H^+ and the more the Fe reduction was,the higher the pH was,up to 6.5.Formation of hydroxy-green rust were likely to be at the origin of the pH stabilization.In the absence of organic amendments,high salinity prevented the establishment of the reduction processes and pH value remained around 4.Even under high reduction conditions,the Fe concentrations in the soil solution were below commonly observed toxic values and the amended plot had better rice production yield.
基金supported by Enbridge Energy (Ltd.)the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency+1 种基金the U.S.G.S. Toxic Waste Substances Programby Chevron Energy Technology Company (No. CW852844)
文摘The interpretation of geophysical data from mature hydrocarbon contaminated sites has relied on a conductive plume model where the conductivity of the subsurface contaminant volume is the result of microbial mediated changes in pore fluid chemistry. This conductive anomalous region is characterized by high total dissolved solids and occurs within the water table fluctuation zone where microbial activity is the maximum. Here we update this conductive plume model by providing new insights from recent laboratory investigations and geophysical data from hydrocarbon contaminated sites suggesting the unrecognized role of the impact that microbial-mediated metallic mineral precipitates have on geophysical signatures. We show that microbial redox processes（e.g., iron and sulfate reduction） during the biodegradation process involve mineralogical transformations and the precipitation of new minerals（e.g., magnetite, and pyrite） that can impact the electrical and magnetic properties of contaminated sediments. We provide examples from laboratory experiments and field studies and suggest that knowledge of the dominant redox processes occurring at hydrocarbon contaminated sites and the mineral phases formed is critical for a more robust interpretation of geophysical data associated with microbial-mediated changes at hydrocarbon contaminated sites. We also show that integration of both magnetic and electrical techniques may help reduce ambiguity in data interpretation.
文摘The influence of magnetic field on the redox potentials of the Nernst equation. The author offered the new formula Nernst equation in a magnetic field. Our proposed formula takes into account the influence of the magnetic field on the redox processes.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning) (NRF-2020R1F1A1075601, NRF-2021R1A4A2001658)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51904059)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (N182505036, N2002005)the Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Program (XLYC1807123)。
文摘Cobalt hexacyanoferrate (CoHCF) is a potential cathode for aqueous Na-ion batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity (170 m Ah g^(-1));however,its lower rate capability and cyclability limit its applications.Structural distortion at a weak N-coordinated crystal field during cycling disintegrates Co,yielding an irreversible reaction.Different Zn amounts ranging 0–1 were added to the Co site to suppress the structural irreversibility of CoHCF,yielding Co_(1-x)Zn_(x)HCF powder;this Zn (x≤0.09) addition reduced the powder’s dimension because the lower four coordination of Zn–N,not the six coordination of Co–N,limits the powder growth.Simultaneously,a small lattice parameter and interaxial angle (~90°) are obtained,implying that a narrower Co_(1-x)Zn_(x)HCF inner structure is formed to accommodate Na ions.Moreover,the electronic conductivity of Co_(1-x)Zn_(x)HCF gradually increased within 0–0.09 range.A smaller particle size with a high surface area leads to a near-surface-limited redox process,similar to a capacitive reaction.Both the surface-limited reaction and electronic conductivity enhances the reversibility due to the smaller charge transfer resistance at the electrode/electrolyte interface caused by Zn addition.Replacing redox-active Co with non-active Zn amount of 0.07 (Co_(1-x)Zn_(x)HCF) slightly reduces the specific capacity from 127 to 119 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1)due to the shrunken Co charging sites.Rate performance is enhanced by compromising the capacity and reduced distortion,resulting in 81%retention at a 20-times-faster charging rate.Notably,the Co_(1-x)Zn_(x)HCF sample exhibited the good stability while preserving 74%of the initial capacity at 0.5 A g^(-1)after 200 cycles.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities(No.N130302004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21407020)
文摘Basic oxygen furnace slag（BOFS） has the potential to remove hexavalent chromium（Cr（VI））from wastewater by a redox process due to the presence of minerals containing Fe2＋. The effects of the solution p H, initial Cr（VI） concentration, BOFS dosage, BOFS particle size, and temperature on the removal of Cr（VI） was investigated in detail through batch tests. The chemical and mineral compositions of fresh and reacted BOFS were characterized using scanning electron microscope（SEM） equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer（EDS）system and X-ray diffractometer（XRD）. The results show that Cr（VI） in wastewater can be efficiently removed by Fe2＋released from BOFS under appropriate acidic conditions. The removal of Cr（VI） by BOFS significantly depended on the parameters mentioned above. The reaction of Cr（VI） with BOFS followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Fe2＋responsible for Cr（VI） removal was primarily derived from the dissolution of Fe O and Fe3O4 in BOFS. When H2SO4 was used to adjust the solution acidity, gypsum（Ca SO4·2H2O）could be formed and become an armoring precipitate layer on the BOFS surface, hindering the release of Fe2＋and the removal of Cr（VI）. Finally, the main mechanism of Cr（VI） removal by BOFS was described using several consecutive reaction steps.
文摘Temporal changes of dominant microbial populations in groundwater in response to the leachate from Shanghai Laogang Landfill were investigated. Concentrations of dissolved redox relevant species in groundwater suggested that the dominating redox process had changed from denitrification to methane production/sulfate reduction due to landfilling. Dominant microbial populations were determined using restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) analyses of 16S rRNA gene libraries, which were further studied by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. The results indicated that obvious shifts of dominant microbial populations had occurred in groundwater in response to the pollution of leachate. The closest relatives of some dominant clones are accordant with the dominating redox processes determined by hydrochemical analyses, based on the GenBank's indications on the ability to perform redox reactions.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22078090 and 92034301)the Shanghai Rising-Star Program (21QA1402000)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (21ZR1418100)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (SKL-ChE-21C02)
文摘A redox process combining propane dehydrogenation(PDH)with selective hydrogen combustion(SHC)is proposed,modeled,simulated,and optimized.In this process,PDH and SHC catalysts are physically mixed in a fixed-bed reactor,so that the two reactions proceed simultaneously.The redox process can be up to 177.0%higher in propylene yield than the conventional process where only PDH catalysts are packed in the reactor.The reason is twofold:firstly,SHC reaction consumes hydrogen and then shifts PDH reaction equilibrium towards propylene;secondly,SHC reaction provides much heat to drive the highly endothermic PDH reaction.Considering propylene yield,operating time,and other factors,the preferable operating conditions for the redox process are a feed temperature of 973 K,a feed pressure of 0.1 MPa,and a mole ratio of H_(2) to C_(3)H_(8) of 0.15,and the optimal mass fraction of PDH catalyst is 0.5.This work should provide some useful guidance for the development of redox processes for propane dehydrogenation.
基金supported by a doctoral scholarship from the Cusanuswerk,Bonn(Germany)the German Research Foundation(DFG)under Project ID 390874152(POLiS Cluster of Excellence,EXC 2154)and 441215516(SPP 2248 Polymer-based batteries)by the European Union(ERC,NanOBatt,101088146).
文摘CONSPECTUS:Organic battery electrode materials are key enablers of different postlithium cell chemistries.As a p-type compound with up to two reversible redox processes at relatively high potentials of 3.5 and 4.1 V vs.Li/Li+,phenothiazine is an excellently suited redox-active group.It can easily be functionalized and incorporated into polymeric structures,a prerequisite to obtain insolubility in liquid battery electrolytes.
基金We gratefully acknowledge the support from the startup fundsthe Cross-Disciplinary Research Fund from the George Washington University.
文摘Recovering valuable materials from waste streams is critical to the transition to a circular economy with reduced environmental damages caused by resource extraction activities.Municipal and industrial wastewaters contain a variety of materials,such as nutrients(nitrogen and phosphorus),lithium,and rare earth elements,which can be recovered as value-added products.Owing to their modularity,convenient operation and control,and the non-requirement of chemical dosage,electrochemical technologies offer a great promise for resource recovery in small-scale,decentralized systems.Here,we review three emerging electrochemical technologies for materials recovery applications:electrosorption based on carbonaceous and intercalation electrodes,electrochemical redox processes,and electrochemically induced precipitation.We highlight the mechanisms for achieving selective materials recovery in these processes.We also present an overview of the advantages and limitations of these technologies,as well as the key challenges that need to be overcome for their deployment in real-world systems to achieve cost-effective and sustainable materials recovery.
基金support of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EP/V000152/1,EP/X000087/1)Leverhulme Trust(RPG-2021-138)+4 种基金Royal Society(IEC\NSFC\223016)the support of the Education Department of Liaoning Province(JYTQN2023285)the Shenyang University of Technology(QNPY202209-4)the Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry(Heilongjiang University)the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering(KF202405).
文摘Conversion-type anode materials of transition metal oxides,sulfides and selenides M_(a)X_(b)(M=transition metal,X=O,S,and Se)are being heavily studied in the fields of alkali-ion batteries,including Li-,Na-,and Kion batteries(LIBs,NIBs,and KIBs).This is because the conversion reaction of a MaXb anode is a redox process of multielectron transfer per formula,generating a large capacity and potentially leading to a high energy density of battery cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42225705,42177006)Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023C02004)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3702401)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Grant No.CARS-04).
文摘Chlorinated organic pollutants(COPs),both emerging and traditional,are typical persistent pollutants that harm soil health worldwide.Dechlorinators mediated reductive dechlorination is the optimal way to completely remove COPs from anaerobic soil through a redox reaction driven by electron transfer during microbial anaerobic respiration.Generally,the dechlorinated depletion of COPs in situ often interacts with multiple element biogeochemical activities,e.g.,methanogenesis,sulfate reduction,iron reduction,and denitrification.Elucidating the relevance of biogeochemical cycles between COPs and multiple elements and the coupled mechanisms involved,thus,helps to develop effective pollution control strategies with the balance between pollution degradation and element cycles in heterogeneous soil,ultimately contributing to“one health”goal.In this review,we summarized the microbial-chemical coupling redox processes and the driving factors,elucidated the interspecies metabolites exchange and electron transfer mechanisms within COP-dechlorinating communities,and further proposed a detailed design,construction,and analysis framework of engineering COP-dechlorinating microbiomes via“top-down”selfassembly and“bottom-up”synthesis to pave the way from laboratory to practical field application.Especially,we delve into the major challenges and perspectives surrounding the design of state-of-the-art synthetic microbial communities.Our goal is to improve the understanding of the microbial-mediated coupling between reductive dechlorination and element biogeochemical cycling,with a particular focus on the implications for health-integrated soil bioremediation under the“one health”concept.
文摘For the first time,one of the antibiotic nanoparticles such as a classical form of ampicillin trihydrate compound was studied.The electrochemical behavior of ampicillin nanoparticles was investigated in blood medium using cyclic voltammetric technique by glassy carbon electrode.The results showed that the oxidation-reduction current peaks of ampicillin nanoparticles in blood medium were different from that of microparticles.The nanoparticles acted as anti-oxidative antibiotic by making the oxidation current peak at 1 V disappear,while the oxidation peak of microparticles still appeared in blood medium;hence,ampicillin at microform acted as oxidative reagent in blood medium.A good reliability and stability of glassy carbon electrode in blood medium was found with low values of RSD for oxidation-reduction current peaks at±0.52%and±0.038%respectively.Scanning electron microscopy for the characterization of ampicillin trihydrate nanoparticles was studied.
文摘Electrochemical of redox current peaks of lead sulphate PbSO4 was studied in blood medium in present of different reagents such as ascorbic acid(AA),glucose,urea,and uric acid using cyclic voltammetric technique at glassy carbon electrode(GCE).It was found that Pb(Ⅱ)ions in aqueous electrolyte(0.1 M KCl)have oxidation current peak at-540 mV and reduction current peak at-600 mV.But,it was different electrochemical properties of the redox current peaks of Pb(Ⅱ)ions in blood medium,the reduction current peak was disappearing and the oxidation current peak was enhanced.Also,in the different reagents(glucose,AA,urea and uric acid)causes an enhancement of the oxidation current peak and reducing of the reduction current peak or disappearing.It means that the reagents(glucose,AA,urea and uric acid)were oxidative effective in the blood component for the lead ions in the damage the blood cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42175138,42377295,92251305,42177280).
文摘Anaerobic ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))oxidation is one of the key processes in nitrogen cycling.After the canonical pathway for it using NO_(2)^(−)as the electron acceptor was first discovered,novel pathways for it using Fe^(3+),Mn^(4+),SO_(4)^(2−),or AsO_(4)^(3−),as electron acceptors have recently been confirmed.Nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)is a strong oxidant,and there is currently no report on whether it can act as an electron acceptor to couple with anaerobic ammonium oxidation in natural habitats.From a thermodynamic perspective,the potential anaerobic ammonium oxidation driven by N_(2)O reduction generates much higher free energy than the canonical anaerobic ammonium oxidation driven by NO_(2)^(−)reduction,indicating that it is more likely to occur spontaneously.Some specific habitats such as ammonium-rich wastewater,with low levels of active organic carbon and high concentration of N_(2)O may be favorable for N_(2)O-mediated anaerobic ammonium oxidation.The extracellular electron transfer between symbiotic bacteria may be an important way of electron transfer in this coupling process.By using enrichment culture combined with 15N labeling technique,oxidation rate,electron transfer pathway,and metagenome(and transcriptome)information of this coupling process could be powerfully investigated.The study could expanding our understanding of transformation process in nitrogen biogeochemical cycle.
