To explore the effects of relative humidity(RH)on the quality of walnut kernels and establish a rapid,effective method/model for identifying their deterioration degree,walnut kernels were stored at 45℃for 90 days und...To explore the effects of relative humidity(RH)on the quality of walnut kernels and establish a rapid,effective method/model for identifying their deterioration degree,walnut kernels were stored at 45℃for 90 days under different RH conditions(35%,50%,65%and 80%)in this study.Every 15 days,changes in the kernels'color,acid values(AV),peroxide values(POV),fatty acid composition,contents of total phenols and soluble quinones,synchronous fluorescence spectra,and the compositions/contents of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)were analyzed.Partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA)and variable importance in projection(VIP)were used to conduct differential analysis of VOCs.The deterioration degree of walnut kernels was predicted using Pearson correlation analysis and a Back Propagation Neural Network(BPNN)model.The results showed that RH had a significant effect on the quality of walnut kernels,with 65%RH being the suitable storage condition for them.According to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)analysis,a total of 40,34,23 and 17 characteristic VOCs were identified in the walnut kernels stored at RH of 35%,50%,65%and 80%,respectively.Among these VOCs,hexanal,1-octen-3-ol,4,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-2-one and DL-pantolactone were identified as potential volatile deterioration markers(PVDMs).Based on the POV limit standard of 1.0 mmol/kg for walnut oil,the threshold concentrations of these four PVDMs were 500-1000,50-100,10-15,and 30-60μg/100g,respectively.This research provides a reference for the quality monitoring and evaluation of walnut kernels during storage.展开更多
Walnuts are rich in a variety of nutritional components.However,due to their high content of unsaturated fatty acids(UFAs),the quality of walnuts tends to decline during storage,which adversely affects the development...Walnuts are rich in a variety of nutritional components.However,due to their high content of unsaturated fatty acids(UFAs),the quality of walnuts tends to decline during storage,which adversely affects the development of the walnut industry.This study was aimed to investigate the impacts of temperature and packaging methods on the storage quality and oxidative stability of walnuts.The Wen 185 walnut variety was selected,and the physical-chemical and nutritional indexes of walnuts stored for 42 weeks under different temperatures(18℃,4℃,and room temperature)and packaging methods(vacuum light-exposed,vacuum light-proof,vacuum-ra-diation light-exposed,vacuum-radiation light-proof,nitrogen-filled light-exposed,nitrogen-filled light-proof)were measured.The results showed that low temperatures,especially18℃,in combination with vacuum lightproof packaging,could effectively suppress the increase in oxidative stability indicators such as acid value(AV)and peroxide value(PV),and maintain high retention rates of nutritional indicators like tocopherol and phytosterol.This study has elucidated that low temperatures and appropriate packaging methods play the crucial roles in maintaining the quality and oxidative stability of walnuts during storage.It has provided comprehensive and valuable data support and theoretical basis for the scientific storage of walnuts,contributing to the devel-opment of the walnut industry and the guarantee of product quality.展开更多
Highly flame-retardant bio-based composites were prepared in this study.Firstly,glucose-citric acid(GC)resin was synthesized through the interaction of glucose and citric acid derived from agricultural and forestry so...Highly flame-retardant bio-based composites were prepared in this study.Firstly,glucose-citric acid(GC)resin was synthesized through the interaction of glucose and citric acid derived from agricultural and forestry sources.Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)served as a toughening agent,whereas walnut shell powder(WSP)functioned as a filler in the formulation of a thermosetting bio-based GC-PVA-WSP(GCPW)composite with GC resin.The findings demonstrated that boric acid increased the limited oxygen index(LOI)value of GCPW to 33%,while simultaneously diminishing its total smoke production(TSP)by 99.9%,and achieving a flame retardant index(FRI)of 5.04.In addition,the incorporation of WSP enhanced the compressive strength of the GCPW composite to 9.15 MPa.Concurrently,the GCPW composite demonstrates excellent hydrophobic properties,with a thermal conductivity as low as 0.086 W/m·K.展开更多
In study,we investigated the effect of treatment with combination of walnut peptides with molecular weight<3 kDa and ginsenoside Rg1(<3 kDa+Rg1)on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice and the mechani...In study,we investigated the effect of treatment with combination of walnut peptides with molecular weight<3 kDa and ginsenoside Rg1(<3 kDa+Rg1)on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice and the mechanism of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)/tyrosine kinase B(TrKB)/cAMP response element-binding protein(CREB)signaling pathway in PC12 cells.In behavioral experiments,<3 kDa+Rg1 treatment improved the memorizing ability of mice.Treatment with<3 kDa+Rg1 significantly regulated the function of neurotransmitters and effectively improved the morphology of the neurons determined by hematoxylin and eosin(H&E),Nissl,and Golgi staining.Additionally,immunohistochemistry showed that the<3 kDa+Rg1 treatment significantly decreased acetylcholinesterase(AChE)activity and increased choline acetyl transferase(ChAT)content in the hippocampus.The treatment upregulated vesicular acetylcholine transporter(VAChT),activated the BDNF/TrKB/CREB signaling pathway,improved the remodeling of dendritic spines,and enhanced cholinergic functions.In the scopolamine-induced PC12 cells,combination treatment increased thioredoxin-1(Trx-1)expression after administering TrKB and activated signaling pathway.The results showed combination of<3 kDa+Rg1 activated the BDNF/TrKB/CREB signaling pathway by regulating function of neurotransmitters and enhanced cholinergic function to decrease cognitive impairment.展开更多
The excessive staminate catkin thinning （emasculation） of proterandrous walnut is an important management measure for improving yield. To improve the excessive staminate catkin thinning efficiency, the model of quad...The excessive staminate catkin thinning （emasculation） of proterandrous walnut is an important management measure for improving yield. To improve the excessive staminate catkin thinning efficiency, the model of quadratic polynomial regression equation and BP artificial neural network was developed. The effects of ethephon, gibberel in and mepiquat on shedding rate of staminate catkin of pro-terandrous walnut were investigated by modeling field test. Based on the modeling test results, the excessive staminate catkin thinning model of quadratic polynomial regression equation and BP artificial neural network was established, and it was validated by field test next year. The test data were divided into training set, vali-dation set and test set. The total 20 sets of data obtained from the modeling field test were randomly divided into training set （17） and validation set （3） by central composite design （quadric rotational regression test design）, and the data obtained from the next-year field test were divided into the test set. The topological struc-ture of BP artificial neural network was 3-5-1. The results showed that the pre-diction errors of BP neural network for samples from the validation set were 1.355 0%, 0.429 1% and 0.353 8%, respectively; the difference between the predicted value by the BP neural network and validated value by field test was 2.04%, and the difference between the predicted value by the regression equation and validated value by field test was 3.12%; the prediction accuracy of BP neural network was over 1.0% higher than that of regression equation. The effective combination of quadratic polynomial stepwise regression and BP artificial neural network wil not only help to determine the effect of independent parameter but also improve the prediction accuracy.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of the study was to make research on adsorption of Chinese walnut（Juglans mandshurica Maxim.） Shell（CWS） to Hg（Ⅱ） in water.[Method] Shells of Juglans mandshurica Maxim were used as biosorpti...[Objective] The aim of the study was to make research on adsorption of Chinese walnut（Juglans mandshurica Maxim.） Shell（CWS） to Hg（Ⅱ） in water.[Method] Shells of Juglans mandshurica Maxim were used as biosorption to remove Hg（Ⅱ） in water solution to explore the influence to adsorption of Hg（Ⅱ） under different conditions,like pH solution,adsorption time,and Hg（Ⅱ）.[Result] The experimental results show that when absorptivity of Hg（Ⅱ） by CWS reached the highest,pH ranged within 5.0-6.0.The adsorptivity decreased as initial Hg（Ⅱ） concentrations increased.Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy（FTIR） spectrum revealed some chemical groups of CWS may affect the adsorption of Hg（Ⅱ）,such as hydroxyl groups,methyl groups,aromatic methoxyl groups,unconjugated carbonyl,and typical aromatic ring,etc.Adsorption equation can be concluded considering the biosorption process relationship with Langmuir and Frendrich isotherm.[Conclusion] The study found that CW could be employed as a promising biosorption to remove Hg（Ⅱ） from aqueous environments.展开更多
Since the introduction of Qingxiang and Liaohe 1 in 2012, both varieties have shown characteristics of beautiful nuts appearance, high quality and high yield of nuts, strong disease resistance after six years regional...Since the introduction of Qingxiang and Liaohe 1 in 2012, both varieties have shown characteristics of beautiful nuts appearance, high quality and high yield of nuts, strong disease resistance after six years regional varieties. Comparison shows that Qingxiang has strong tree vigor, making it suitable for loose planting, needs pollination tree, bears food late and shows very stable yield performance, while Liaohe 1 has medium tree vigor, bears food early and shows stable yield performance. Based on years of regional planting tests, suggestions were proposed to the high yield cultivation techniques of walnut.展开更多
Yunnan has an area of 2.88 million hm2 walnut trees. Due to freezing in- jury and rapid growth, however, there are a lot of iron walnuts or inferior-quality walnuts ready for grafting. In five years, we conducted expe...Yunnan has an area of 2.88 million hm2 walnut trees. Due to freezing in- jury and rapid growth, however, there are a lot of iron walnuts or inferior-quality walnuts ready for grafting. In five years, we conducted experiments in Kunming （Yunnan Academy of Forestry）, Gongshan County, Gucheng City, Luliang County, and Ludian County by cleft grafting, veneer grafting, bark grafting and whip grafting. The grafting approaches should be selected according to grafting requirements, characteristics, and survival rate. For example, with a low survival rate, cleft grafting can be abandoned, and the rest approaches might be chosen as per practical demands.展开更多
[Objective] The study aimed to explore technology and formula of walnut- roxburgh rose beverage. [Method] With walnut and roxburgh rose as the main raw material, technology and formula of walnut-roxburgh rose beverage...[Objective] The study aimed to explore technology and formula of walnut- roxburgh rose beverage. [Method] With walnut and roxburgh rose as the main raw material, technology and formula of walnut-roxburgh rose beverage was study by or- thogonal test. In addition, effects of emulsion stabilizers were investigated. [Result] The great emulsifying effect could be achieved by composite emulsion stabilizer at 0.40%. The orthogonal test showed that the optimum formula of walnut-roxburgh rose beverage was composed of 24% walnut milk, 16% cili juice and 12% sugar, with pH of 4.0. The product with stable organization state, pleasant sweetness and sourness may be prepared. [Conclusion] The study laid the foundation for production of walnut-roxburgh rose beverage.展开更多
[Objective] This study was conducted to change the situation of high cost in walnut grafting by reducing seedling cost through technical means.[Method] Effects of different rootstock processing methods and rootstock p...[Objective] This study was conducted to change the situation of high cost in walnut grafting by reducing seedling cost through technical means.[Method] Effects of different rootstock processing methods and rootstock pruning time on walnut growth and cost were studied by the square bud grafting method.[Result] The survival rate and cost under stumping were higher than those under no stumping,and the proportion of grafting-capable rootstocks under stumping was lower than that under no stumping by 9%.The cost differences between different rootstock time were remarkable.The cost for the stock pruning 15 d after grafting was 5 times as much as 1 d after grafting.[Conclusion] Direct grafting could achieve the effect of easy and convenient management,and the overall cost was lower though the survival rate was reduced to a limited extent.Sooner rootstock pruning resulted in a better effect.Pruning the rootstocks within 5 d after grafting not only could improve the quality of seedlings,but also could reduce the cost for seedling management.展开更多
基金Anhui Province Scientific and Technological Research Project(202423110050025)National Key Research and Development Project(2023YFD2100400)。
文摘To explore the effects of relative humidity(RH)on the quality of walnut kernels and establish a rapid,effective method/model for identifying their deterioration degree,walnut kernels were stored at 45℃for 90 days under different RH conditions(35%,50%,65%and 80%)in this study.Every 15 days,changes in the kernels'color,acid values(AV),peroxide values(POV),fatty acid composition,contents of total phenols and soluble quinones,synchronous fluorescence spectra,and the compositions/contents of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)were analyzed.Partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA)and variable importance in projection(VIP)were used to conduct differential analysis of VOCs.The deterioration degree of walnut kernels was predicted using Pearson correlation analysis and a Back Propagation Neural Network(BPNN)model.The results showed that RH had a significant effect on the quality of walnut kernels,with 65%RH being the suitable storage condition for them.According to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)analysis,a total of 40,34,23 and 17 characteristic VOCs were identified in the walnut kernels stored at RH of 35%,50%,65%and 80%,respectively.Among these VOCs,hexanal,1-octen-3-ol,4,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-2-one and DL-pantolactone were identified as potential volatile deterioration markers(PVDMs).Based on the POV limit standard of 1.0 mmol/kg for walnut oil,the threshold concentrations of these four PVDMs were 500-1000,50-100,10-15,and 30-60μg/100g,respectively.This research provides a reference for the quality monitoring and evaluation of walnut kernels during storage.
基金Key Technology Research and Development Program in Autonomous Region(2022A02009)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI).
文摘Walnuts are rich in a variety of nutritional components.However,due to their high content of unsaturated fatty acids(UFAs),the quality of walnuts tends to decline during storage,which adversely affects the development of the walnut industry.This study was aimed to investigate the impacts of temperature and packaging methods on the storage quality and oxidative stability of walnuts.The Wen 185 walnut variety was selected,and the physical-chemical and nutritional indexes of walnuts stored for 42 weeks under different temperatures(18℃,4℃,and room temperature)and packaging methods(vacuum light-exposed,vacuum light-proof,vacuum-ra-diation light-exposed,vacuum-radiation light-proof,nitrogen-filled light-exposed,nitrogen-filled light-proof)were measured.The results showed that low temperatures,especially18℃,in combination with vacuum lightproof packaging,could effectively suppress the increase in oxidative stability indicators such as acid value(AV)and peroxide value(PV),and maintain high retention rates of nutritional indicators like tocopherol and phytosterol.This study has elucidated that low temperatures and appropriate packaging methods play the crucial roles in maintaining the quality and oxidative stability of walnuts during storage.It has provided comprehensive and valuable data support and theoretical basis for the scientific storage of walnuts,contributing to the devel-opment of the walnut industry and the guarantee of product quality.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(32460363)Yunnan Province Agricultural Joint Key Foundation(No.202401BD070001-029)+3 种基金Yunnan Agricultural Joint General Foundation(202101BD070001-105)the Yunnan Provincial Youth Top Talent Project(Grant No.YNWR-QNBJ-2020-166)the Foreign ExpertWorkstation(202305AF150006)the 111 Project(D21027).
文摘Highly flame-retardant bio-based composites were prepared in this study.Firstly,glucose-citric acid(GC)resin was synthesized through the interaction of glucose and citric acid derived from agricultural and forestry sources.Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)served as a toughening agent,whereas walnut shell powder(WSP)functioned as a filler in the formulation of a thermosetting bio-based GC-PVA-WSP(GCPW)composite with GC resin.The findings demonstrated that boric acid increased the limited oxygen index(LOI)value of GCPW to 33%,while simultaneously diminishing its total smoke production(TSP)by 99.9%,and achieving a flame retardant index(FRI)of 5.04.In addition,the incorporation of WSP enhanced the compressive strength of the GCPW composite to 9.15 MPa.Concurrently,the GCPW composite demonstrates excellent hydrophobic properties,with a thermal conductivity as low as 0.086 W/m·K.
基金funded by the Research and Product Development of Key Technologies for Efficient Utilization of Walnut Meal(20210203125SF)Changchun 2021 Local Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements Guide Special(21KY05).
文摘In study,we investigated the effect of treatment with combination of walnut peptides with molecular weight<3 kDa and ginsenoside Rg1(<3 kDa+Rg1)on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice and the mechanism of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)/tyrosine kinase B(TrKB)/cAMP response element-binding protein(CREB)signaling pathway in PC12 cells.In behavioral experiments,<3 kDa+Rg1 treatment improved the memorizing ability of mice.Treatment with<3 kDa+Rg1 significantly regulated the function of neurotransmitters and effectively improved the morphology of the neurons determined by hematoxylin and eosin(H&E),Nissl,and Golgi staining.Additionally,immunohistochemistry showed that the<3 kDa+Rg1 treatment significantly decreased acetylcholinesterase(AChE)activity and increased choline acetyl transferase(ChAT)content in the hippocampus.The treatment upregulated vesicular acetylcholine transporter(VAChT),activated the BDNF/TrKB/CREB signaling pathway,improved the remodeling of dendritic spines,and enhanced cholinergic functions.In the scopolamine-induced PC12 cells,combination treatment increased thioredoxin-1(Trx-1)expression after administering TrKB and activated signaling pathway.The results showed combination of<3 kDa+Rg1 activated the BDNF/TrKB/CREB signaling pathway by regulating function of neurotransmitters and enhanced cholinergic function to decrease cognitive impairment.
基金Supported by Key Science and Technology Program of Shanxi Province,China(002023)~~
文摘The excessive staminate catkin thinning （emasculation） of proterandrous walnut is an important management measure for improving yield. To improve the excessive staminate catkin thinning efficiency, the model of quadratic polynomial regression equation and BP artificial neural network was developed. The effects of ethephon, gibberel in and mepiquat on shedding rate of staminate catkin of pro-terandrous walnut were investigated by modeling field test. Based on the modeling test results, the excessive staminate catkin thinning model of quadratic polynomial regression equation and BP artificial neural network was established, and it was validated by field test next year. The test data were divided into training set, vali-dation set and test set. The total 20 sets of data obtained from the modeling field test were randomly divided into training set （17） and validation set （3） by central composite design （quadric rotational regression test design）, and the data obtained from the next-year field test were divided into the test set. The topological struc-ture of BP artificial neural network was 3-5-1. The results showed that the pre-diction errors of BP neural network for samples from the validation set were 1.355 0%, 0.429 1% and 0.353 8%, respectively; the difference between the predicted value by the BP neural network and validated value by field test was 2.04%, and the difference between the predicted value by the regression equation and validated value by field test was 3.12%; the prediction accuracy of BP neural network was over 1.0% higher than that of regression equation. The effective combination of quadratic polynomial stepwise regression and BP artificial neural network wil not only help to determine the effect of independent parameter but also improve the prediction accuracy.
基金Supported by National Water Major Project of China (2008ZX07211-007)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of the study was to make research on adsorption of Chinese walnut（Juglans mandshurica Maxim.） Shell（CWS） to Hg（Ⅱ） in water.[Method] Shells of Juglans mandshurica Maxim were used as biosorption to remove Hg（Ⅱ） in water solution to explore the influence to adsorption of Hg（Ⅱ） under different conditions,like pH solution,adsorption time,and Hg（Ⅱ）.[Result] The experimental results show that when absorptivity of Hg（Ⅱ） by CWS reached the highest,pH ranged within 5.0-6.0.The adsorptivity decreased as initial Hg（Ⅱ） concentrations increased.Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy（FTIR） spectrum revealed some chemical groups of CWS may affect the adsorption of Hg（Ⅱ）,such as hydroxyl groups,methyl groups,aromatic methoxyl groups,unconjugated carbonyl,and typical aromatic ring,etc.Adsorption equation can be concluded considering the biosorption process relationship with Langmuir and Frendrich isotherm.[Conclusion] The study found that CW could be employed as a promising biosorption to remove Hg（Ⅱ） from aqueous environments.
基金Supported by the"61"Characteristic Ecological Industries of the 13th Five Year Plan of Shiyan Minicipal People's Government~~
文摘Since the introduction of Qingxiang and Liaohe 1 in 2012, both varieties have shown characteristics of beautiful nuts appearance, high quality and high yield of nuts, strong disease resistance after six years regional varieties. Comparison shows that Qingxiang has strong tree vigor, making it suitable for loose planting, needs pollination tree, bears food late and shows very stable yield performance, while Liaohe 1 has medium tree vigor, bears food early and shows stable yield performance. Based on years of regional planting tests, suggestions were proposed to the high yield cultivation techniques of walnut.
基金Supported by High-quality Walnut High-yield Cultivation Technology Integration and Demonstration of Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture([2014]TZYN01)~~
文摘Yunnan has an area of 2.88 million hm2 walnut trees. Due to freezing in- jury and rapid growth, however, there are a lot of iron walnuts or inferior-quality walnuts ready for grafting. In five years, we conducted experiments in Kunming （Yunnan Academy of Forestry）, Gongshan County, Gucheng City, Luliang County, and Ludian County by cleft grafting, veneer grafting, bark grafting and whip grafting. The grafting approaches should be selected according to grafting requirements, characteristics, and survival rate. For example, with a low survival rate, cleft grafting can be abandoned, and the rest approaches might be chosen as per practical demands.
基金Supported by a Grant from Huanghe Science and Technology College (kyz2007013)~~
文摘[Objective] The study aimed to explore technology and formula of walnut- roxburgh rose beverage. [Method] With walnut and roxburgh rose as the main raw material, technology and formula of walnut-roxburgh rose beverage was study by or- thogonal test. In addition, effects of emulsion stabilizers were investigated. [Result] The great emulsifying effect could be achieved by composite emulsion stabilizer at 0.40%. The orthogonal test showed that the optimum formula of walnut-roxburgh rose beverage was composed of 24% walnut milk, 16% cili juice and 12% sugar, with pH of 4.0. The product with stable organization state, pleasant sweetness and sourness may be prepared. [Conclusion] The study laid the foundation for production of walnut-roxburgh rose beverage.
文摘[Objective] This study was conducted to change the situation of high cost in walnut grafting by reducing seedling cost through technical means.[Method] Effects of different rootstock processing methods and rootstock pruning time on walnut growth and cost were studied by the square bud grafting method.[Result] The survival rate and cost under stumping were higher than those under no stumping,and the proportion of grafting-capable rootstocks under stumping was lower than that under no stumping by 9%.The cost differences between different rootstock time were remarkable.The cost for the stock pruning 15 d after grafting was 5 times as much as 1 d after grafting.[Conclusion] Direct grafting could achieve the effect of easy and convenient management,and the overall cost was lower though the survival rate was reduced to a limited extent.Sooner rootstock pruning resulted in a better effect.Pruning the rootstocks within 5 d after grafting not only could improve the quality of seedlings,but also could reduce the cost for seedling management.
