Proanthocyanidins and flavanoids, both subfamilies of the polyphenols, are highly concentrated in different fruits and berries as well as in fruit pomace. They have shown to exhibit anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-o...Proanthocyanidins and flavanoids, both subfamilies of the polyphenols, are highly concentrated in different fruits and berries as well as in fruit pomace. They have shown to exhibit anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, and im- mune-modulatory effects in vertebrates. Herein the effect of additional apple pomace or red-grape pomace in conven- tional piglet starter feeds were investigated in 36 young growing piglets. Immunological marker gene expression was quantified by quantitative real-time RT-PCR in white blood cells, and intestinal bacterial flora was investigated from weaning to three weeks post weaning. Polyphenol content in red-grape pomace, gut content and tissues were analyzed with HPLC. Flavan-3-ols (epicatechin and catechin) and proanthocyanidins (B1, B2 and C1) were identified in the gas- tro-intestinal tract content, whereas only traces could be detected in various piglet organs. The blood parameters, he- moglobin and hematocrit, were affected and down-regulated in all groups over testing period. In both pomace treated groups more thrombocytes were present compared to the standard feeding group. It turns out, that the pomace diets had greatest impact on the bacterial content in the colon. Results demonstrate that feeding apple pomace and red- grape pomace tended to increase the number of total colonic bacteria. Steptococci/Enterococci increased in the red- grape pomace. C. perfringens was not detectable at the second time point. The number of lactobacilli increased in both applied diets. The number of Clostridium perfringens decreased with the age of the piglets. Trends of mRNA expression changes were found in white blood cell (WBC) between different feeding regimens, since the expression variability in the groups was very high. Between the different time points there were significant differences within the apple pomace group, where TNF? (p = 0.033), NF?B (p = 0.024) and Caspase 3 (p = 0.019) mRNA expression increased signifi- cantly during treatment. We conclude that both polyphenol rich feedings have the potential to positively influence the intestinal flora, blood parameters, and WBC mRNA gene expression pattern of immunological marker genes.展开更多
建立高速逆流色谱(HSCCC)法分离制备红葡萄皮中花色苷单体的方法。以乙腈-正丁醇-甲基叔丁基醚-水-三氟乙酸(1∶40∶1∶50∶0.01,V/V)为溶剂体系,上相(有机相)为固定相,下相(水相)为流动相,流速为2.0 m L/min,转速为950 r/min,进样量为2...建立高速逆流色谱(HSCCC)法分离制备红葡萄皮中花色苷单体的方法。以乙腈-正丁醇-甲基叔丁基醚-水-三氟乙酸(1∶40∶1∶50∶0.01,V/V)为溶剂体系,上相(有机相)为固定相,下相(水相)为流动相,流速为2.0 m L/min,转速为950 r/min,进样量为200 mg,分离得到的组分利用紫外-可见(UV)光谱和液质联用(HPLC-MS)技术进行定性分析。结果表明,经过一次高速逆流分离即可得到3种花色苷单体,分别为飞燕草色素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、锦葵色素-3-O-葡萄糖苷和芍药色素-3-O-葡萄糖苷,高效液相色谱(HPLC)峰面积归一法计算其纯度分别为93.7%、95.2%、91.6%。采用高速逆流色谱法成功从红葡萄皮中一次性分离得到3种高纯度的花色苷单体,其中芍药色素-3-O-葡萄糖苷为首次分离得到。展开更多
基金This study was supported by the Bayerisches Staatsmin-isterium für Landwirtschaft und Forsten,L/a-7606.2-494.
文摘Proanthocyanidins and flavanoids, both subfamilies of the polyphenols, are highly concentrated in different fruits and berries as well as in fruit pomace. They have shown to exhibit anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, and im- mune-modulatory effects in vertebrates. Herein the effect of additional apple pomace or red-grape pomace in conven- tional piglet starter feeds were investigated in 36 young growing piglets. Immunological marker gene expression was quantified by quantitative real-time RT-PCR in white blood cells, and intestinal bacterial flora was investigated from weaning to three weeks post weaning. Polyphenol content in red-grape pomace, gut content and tissues were analyzed with HPLC. Flavan-3-ols (epicatechin and catechin) and proanthocyanidins (B1, B2 and C1) were identified in the gas- tro-intestinal tract content, whereas only traces could be detected in various piglet organs. The blood parameters, he- moglobin and hematocrit, were affected and down-regulated in all groups over testing period. In both pomace treated groups more thrombocytes were present compared to the standard feeding group. It turns out, that the pomace diets had greatest impact on the bacterial content in the colon. Results demonstrate that feeding apple pomace and red- grape pomace tended to increase the number of total colonic bacteria. Steptococci/Enterococci increased in the red- grape pomace. C. perfringens was not detectable at the second time point. The number of lactobacilli increased in both applied diets. The number of Clostridium perfringens decreased with the age of the piglets. Trends of mRNA expression changes were found in white blood cell (WBC) between different feeding regimens, since the expression variability in the groups was very high. Between the different time points there were significant differences within the apple pomace group, where TNF? (p = 0.033), NF?B (p = 0.024) and Caspase 3 (p = 0.019) mRNA expression increased signifi- cantly during treatment. We conclude that both polyphenol rich feedings have the potential to positively influence the intestinal flora, blood parameters, and WBC mRNA gene expression pattern of immunological marker genes.
文摘建立高速逆流色谱(HSCCC)法分离制备红葡萄皮中花色苷单体的方法。以乙腈-正丁醇-甲基叔丁基醚-水-三氟乙酸(1∶40∶1∶50∶0.01,V/V)为溶剂体系,上相(有机相)为固定相,下相(水相)为流动相,流速为2.0 m L/min,转速为950 r/min,进样量为200 mg,分离得到的组分利用紫外-可见(UV)光谱和液质联用(HPLC-MS)技术进行定性分析。结果表明,经过一次高速逆流分离即可得到3种花色苷单体,分别为飞燕草色素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、锦葵色素-3-O-葡萄糖苷和芍药色素-3-O-葡萄糖苷,高效液相色谱(HPLC)峰面积归一法计算其纯度分别为93.7%、95.2%、91.6%。采用高速逆流色谱法成功从红葡萄皮中一次性分离得到3种高纯度的花色苷单体,其中芍药色素-3-O-葡萄糖苷为首次分离得到。
