Improvements in early screening,new diagnostic techniques,and surgical treatment have led to continuous downward trends in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)morbidity and mortality rates.However,high recurrence and refract...Improvements in early screening,new diagnostic techniques,and surgical treatment have led to continuous downward trends in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)morbidity and mortality rates.However,high recurrence and refractory cancer after hepatectomy remain important factors affecting the long-term prognosis of HCC.The clinical characteristics and prognosis of recurrent HCC are heterogeneous,and guidelines on treatment strategies for recurrent HCC are lacking.Therapies such as surgical resection,radiofrequency ablation,and transhepatic arterial chemoembolization are effective for tumors confined to the liver,and targeted therapy is a very important treatment for unresectable recurrent HCC with systemic metastasis.With the deepening of the understanding of the immune microenvironment of HCC,blocking immune checkpoints to enhance the antitumor immune response has become a new direction for the treatment of HCC.In addition,improvements in the tumor immune microenvironment caused by local treatment may provide an opportunity to improve the therapeutic effect of HCC treatment.Ongoing and future clinical trial data of combined therapy may develop the new treatment scheme for recurrent HCC.This paper reviews the pattern of recurrent HCC and the characteristics of the immune microenvironment,demonstrates the basis for combining local treatment and systemic treatment,and reports current evidence to better understand current progress and future approaches in the treatment of recurrent HCC.展开更多
Background Bariatric surgery offers successful resolution of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. However, recurrence of T2DM has been observed in a number of patients with initial resolution after bariatric surgery. Th...Background Bariatric surgery offers successful resolution of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. However, recurrence of T2DM has been observed in a number of patients with initial resolution after bariatric surgery. This study aimed to induce reversal of the improvement of diabetes in T2DM rats after duodenal-jejunal bypass （DJB）, and identify the effects of weight changes and gut hormones that might be involved.展开更多
Recurrent events data and gap times between recurrent events are frequently encountered in many clinical and observational studies,and often more than one type of recurrent events is of interest.In this paper,we consi...Recurrent events data and gap times between recurrent events are frequently encountered in many clinical and observational studies,and often more than one type of recurrent events is of interest.In this paper,we consider a proportional hazards model for multiple type recurrent gap times data to assess the effect of covaxiates on the censored event processes of interest.An estimating equation approach is used to obtain the estimators of regression coefficients and baseline cumulative hazard functions.We examine asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators.Finite sample properties of these estimators are demonstrated by simulations.展开更多
Daily and annual average atmospheric environmental capacity coefficient(A-value) sequences for China's Mainland are calculated from hourly data recorded at 378 ground stations over 1975–2014. A-values at differen...Daily and annual average atmospheric environmental capacity coefficient(A-value) sequences for China's Mainland are calculated from hourly data recorded at 378 ground stations over 1975–2014. A-values at different recurrence intervals are calculated by fitting the sequences to Pearson type III distribution curves. Based on these A-values and source-sink balance(reference concentration 100 μg m^(-3)), atmospheric environmental capacities at the recurrence intervals are calculated for all of China's Mainland and each provincial administrative region. The climate average atmospheric environmental capacity reference value for the entire mainland is 2.169×10~7 t yr^(-1). An urban atmospheric load index is defined for analyses of the impact of population density on the urban atmospheric environment. Analyses suggest that this index is also useful for differentiating whether air quality changes are attributable to varying meteorological conditions or variations of artificial emission rate.Equations guiding the control of unorganized emission sources are derived for preventing air quality deterioration during urban expansion and population concentration.展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Science and Technology Bureau,China,No.21JCZDJC01050Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project,No.TJYXZDXK-034ATianjin Municipal Health Science and Technology Project,No.TJWJ2021ZD003,No.KJ20068,No.KJ20129,and No.TJWJ2022XK029。
文摘Improvements in early screening,new diagnostic techniques,and surgical treatment have led to continuous downward trends in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)morbidity and mortality rates.However,high recurrence and refractory cancer after hepatectomy remain important factors affecting the long-term prognosis of HCC.The clinical characteristics and prognosis of recurrent HCC are heterogeneous,and guidelines on treatment strategies for recurrent HCC are lacking.Therapies such as surgical resection,radiofrequency ablation,and transhepatic arterial chemoembolization are effective for tumors confined to the liver,and targeted therapy is a very important treatment for unresectable recurrent HCC with systemic metastasis.With the deepening of the understanding of the immune microenvironment of HCC,blocking immune checkpoints to enhance the antitumor immune response has become a new direction for the treatment of HCC.In addition,improvements in the tumor immune microenvironment caused by local treatment may provide an opportunity to improve the therapeutic effect of HCC treatment.Ongoing and future clinical trial data of combined therapy may develop the new treatment scheme for recurrent HCC.This paper reviews the pattern of recurrent HCC and the characteristics of the immune microenvironment,demonstrates the basis for combining local treatment and systemic treatment,and reports current evidence to better understand current progress and future approaches in the treatment of recurrent HCC.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81070642/H0713）, the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education （No. 20100131110049） and the Graduate Independent Innovation Foundation of Shandong University （No. yzc09094, No. yzcl1068）.
文摘Background Bariatric surgery offers successful resolution of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. However, recurrence of T2DM has been observed in a number of patients with initial resolution after bariatric surgery. This study aimed to induce reversal of the improvement of diabetes in T2DM rats after duodenal-jejunal bypass （DJB）, and identify the effects of weight changes and gut hormones that might be involved.
基金supported in part by Natural Science Foundation of Hubei(08BA164)Major Research Program of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(09B2001)+2 种基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(1117112)Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China(20090076110001)National Statistical Science Research Major Program of China(2011LZ051)
文摘Recurrent events data and gap times between recurrent events are frequently encountered in many clinical and observational studies,and often more than one type of recurrent events is of interest.In this paper,we consider a proportional hazards model for multiple type recurrent gap times data to assess the effect of covaxiates on the censored event processes of interest.An estimating equation approach is used to obtain the estimators of regression coefficients and baseline cumulative hazard functions.We examine asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators.Finite sample properties of these estimators are demonstrated by simulations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41405136)
文摘Daily and annual average atmospheric environmental capacity coefficient(A-value) sequences for China's Mainland are calculated from hourly data recorded at 378 ground stations over 1975–2014. A-values at different recurrence intervals are calculated by fitting the sequences to Pearson type III distribution curves. Based on these A-values and source-sink balance(reference concentration 100 μg m^(-3)), atmospheric environmental capacities at the recurrence intervals are calculated for all of China's Mainland and each provincial administrative region. The climate average atmospheric environmental capacity reference value for the entire mainland is 2.169×10~7 t yr^(-1). An urban atmospheric load index is defined for analyses of the impact of population density on the urban atmospheric environment. Analyses suggest that this index is also useful for differentiating whether air quality changes are attributable to varying meteorological conditions or variations of artificial emission rate.Equations guiding the control of unorganized emission sources are derived for preventing air quality deterioration during urban expansion and population concentration.
