Increasing use on mountain summits has both social and ecological implications.High numbers of visitors climbing mountain summits can be a safety issue,particularly in areas where terrain or elevation leads to queuein...Increasing use on mountain summits has both social and ecological implications.High numbers of visitors climbing mountain summits can be a safety issue,particularly in areas where terrain or elevation leads to queueing that may cause time delays.Estimating visitor use levels at site specific locations en route to summits is needed to understand the potential benefits and impacts of visitor use in these locations.However,it can be difficult to obtain reliable and robust data to estimate use and develop statistical relationships because of the remote and harsh climates on mountain summits,as well as the financial and personnel requirements involved to collect the data in remote locations.In 2015,data were collected on the higher stretches of the Keyhole Route on Longs Peak in Rocky Mountain National Park,USA(RMNP)to better understand use levels near the summit and to explore potential statistical relationships to trailhead use data that are relatively easy to collect.Strong statistical relationships from robust regression analyses were found between trailhead use counts and daily and hourly use totals on the"Homestretch"which is a final section of the Keyhole Route.Additionally,a strong statistical relationship was found between total daily use and maximum hourly use on the Homestretch.The results suggest that trailhead counts are an accurate and reliable means from which to estimate use levels on upper portions of the Keyhole route.Moreover,this research demonstrates the usefulness of an approach using proxy variables to estimate visitor use along remote peaks where data collection can be difficult.These types of data can elucidate various options and decisions for park management teams who are charged with deciding if and how to manage high use areas.展开更多
This study was to survey the relationship between semen values and demographics,comorbidities,and recreational substance use in a large cohort of adult men at the University of Chicago Medical Center Department of Uro...This study was to survey the relationship between semen values and demographics,comorbidities,and recreational substance use in a large cohort of adult men at the University of Chicago Medical Center Department of Urology(Chicago,IL,USA).We performed an analysis from January 2013 to December 2023 of semen samples obtained from adult patients at our institution and collected their demographics,comorbid medical conditions,and recreational substance use information.Patients were divided into categories of normozoospermia,oligozoospermia,and azoospermia on the basis of the 5th version of the World Health Organization(WHO)guidelines.Data were analyzed by univariate linear and logistic regression models,after which statistically significant variables were placed into multivariable models.Azoospermia and oligozoospermia were both associated with Caucasian or Black,Indigenous,and People of Color(BIPOC)race(both P<0.001),increasing age(P=0.005 and P<0.001,respectively),anemia(P<0.001 and P=0.02,respectively),lifetime tobacco use(both P<0.001),lifetime alcohol use(P=0.02 and P<0.001,respectively),and lifetime use of at least two recreational substances(P<0.001 and P=0.003,respectively)in multivariable models.Oligospermia was additionally associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH;P=0.003)in multivariable models.This study suggests that at-risk populations may benefit from additional early screening and workup for infertility.展开更多
Introduction Ketamine is a phencyclidine derivative primarily used as an anesthetic and analgesic,playing a key role in the treatment of acute(perioperative)pain,chronic neuropathic pain,and therapy-resistant clinical...Introduction Ketamine is a phencyclidine derivative primarily used as an anesthetic and analgesic,playing a key role in the treatment of acute(perioperative)pain,chronic neuropathic pain,and therapy-resistant clinical depression.1 Although generally considered safe and effective for medical purposes,ketamine has rarely been reported to cause hepatotoxicity.However,due to its dissociative and hallucinogenic effects,recreational use—especially repeated administration—has led to an increased incidence of hepatotoxicity.展开更多
Urban recreationists consist of those who have used urban recreational facilities, no matter they are local residents or nonlocals. Traveling models will exert impacts not only on the use of urban recreational facilit...Urban recreationists consist of those who have used urban recreational facilities, no matter they are local residents or nonlocals. Traveling models will exert impacts not only on the use of urban recreational facilities but also on the development and management of recreational resources. Taking Shanghai as a sample of destinaton and origin of urban recreationists, the author did his study based on data from comprehensive travel measurement and users' survey, including field questionnaire survey, mailing questionnaire survey, home survey, and cordon monitonng. To analyze traveing models of urban recreationists in Shanghai, the author used techniques of Recreational Activity Space (RAS) and the Use Curve (UC) Analysis. Rogarding Shanghai as an origin, the author first discussed types and characteristics of the RASs which are presented by isotourist lines in the proper and outskirts of Shanghai, the Yangtze Delta and the China's Mainland respectively. These RASs reflect the trave directional bias of Shanghainese. Then the author regarded Shanghai as a deshnahon and analyzed the RASs of tounsts from Otier provinces, which demonstrated the attractiveness of and distance decay of Shanghai. He found that a U-shaped UC model existed in the distance decay under the influence of attractiveness and distance. Finally, the author suggested, that the availability, periodicity and attractiveness, besides distance, are the basic mechanisms that affect the urban recreationists' traveling models in a city such as Shanghai.展开更多
Investments in rural land for agriculture, timber, and other natural resource purposes occur frequently and globally. Fundamental principles of liberty and property found in the United States of America’s (“US”) le...Investments in rural land for agriculture, timber, and other natural resource purposes occur frequently and globally. Fundamental principles of liberty and property found in the United States of America’s (“US”) legal system, from its origins to recent US Supreme Court decisions, continue to positively benefit holders of real estate in the Southern US, through a deep-rooted public policy of supporting private property rights and rural economic development. This stable rule of law enhances the long-term adaptability and sustainability of timberland as an asset class. This article is a commentary. It combines legal research methodology with the observations and conclusions of the authors. Its purpose is to demonstrate that the existence of alienable, documentable ownership, and related property rights create inherent stability and security. These principles form the basis of a culture that is defined by the rule of law and is “open for business.” This business mindset is particularly prevalent in the Southern US.展开更多
基金supported by the Rocky Mountain National Park, cooperative agreement number P15AC00895 with Utah State Universitthe Utah State Agricultural Experiment Stationthe Institute for Outdoor Recreation and Tourism for funding support
文摘Increasing use on mountain summits has both social and ecological implications.High numbers of visitors climbing mountain summits can be a safety issue,particularly in areas where terrain or elevation leads to queueing that may cause time delays.Estimating visitor use levels at site specific locations en route to summits is needed to understand the potential benefits and impacts of visitor use in these locations.However,it can be difficult to obtain reliable and robust data to estimate use and develop statistical relationships because of the remote and harsh climates on mountain summits,as well as the financial and personnel requirements involved to collect the data in remote locations.In 2015,data were collected on the higher stretches of the Keyhole Route on Longs Peak in Rocky Mountain National Park,USA(RMNP)to better understand use levels near the summit and to explore potential statistical relationships to trailhead use data that are relatively easy to collect.Strong statistical relationships from robust regression analyses were found between trailhead use counts and daily and hourly use totals on the"Homestretch"which is a final section of the Keyhole Route.Additionally,a strong statistical relationship was found between total daily use and maximum hourly use on the Homestretch.The results suggest that trailhead counts are an accurate and reliable means from which to estimate use levels on upper portions of the Keyhole route.Moreover,this research demonstrates the usefulness of an approach using proxy variables to estimate visitor use along remote peaks where data collection can be difficult.These types of data can elucidate various options and decisions for park management teams who are charged with deciding if and how to manage high use areas.
文摘This study was to survey the relationship between semen values and demographics,comorbidities,and recreational substance use in a large cohort of adult men at the University of Chicago Medical Center Department of Urology(Chicago,IL,USA).We performed an analysis from January 2013 to December 2023 of semen samples obtained from adult patients at our institution and collected their demographics,comorbid medical conditions,and recreational substance use information.Patients were divided into categories of normozoospermia,oligozoospermia,and azoospermia on the basis of the 5th version of the World Health Organization(WHO)guidelines.Data were analyzed by univariate linear and logistic regression models,after which statistically significant variables were placed into multivariable models.Azoospermia and oligozoospermia were both associated with Caucasian or Black,Indigenous,and People of Color(BIPOC)race(both P<0.001),increasing age(P=0.005 and P<0.001,respectively),anemia(P<0.001 and P=0.02,respectively),lifetime tobacco use(both P<0.001),lifetime alcohol use(P=0.02 and P<0.001,respectively),and lifetime use of at least two recreational substances(P<0.001 and P=0.003,respectively)in multivariable models.Oligospermia was additionally associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH;P=0.003)in multivariable models.This study suggests that at-risk populations may benefit from additional early screening and workup for infertility.
文摘Introduction Ketamine is a phencyclidine derivative primarily used as an anesthetic and analgesic,playing a key role in the treatment of acute(perioperative)pain,chronic neuropathic pain,and therapy-resistant clinical depression.1 Although generally considered safe and effective for medical purposes,ketamine has rarely been reported to cause hepatotoxicity.However,due to its dissociative and hallucinogenic effects,recreational use—especially repeated administration—has led to an increased incidence of hepatotoxicity.
文摘Urban recreationists consist of those who have used urban recreational facilities, no matter they are local residents or nonlocals. Traveling models will exert impacts not only on the use of urban recreational facilities but also on the development and management of recreational resources. Taking Shanghai as a sample of destinaton and origin of urban recreationists, the author did his study based on data from comprehensive travel measurement and users' survey, including field questionnaire survey, mailing questionnaire survey, home survey, and cordon monitonng. To analyze traveing models of urban recreationists in Shanghai, the author used techniques of Recreational Activity Space (RAS) and the Use Curve (UC) Analysis. Rogarding Shanghai as an origin, the author first discussed types and characteristics of the RASs which are presented by isotourist lines in the proper and outskirts of Shanghai, the Yangtze Delta and the China's Mainland respectively. These RASs reflect the trave directional bias of Shanghainese. Then the author regarded Shanghai as a deshnahon and analyzed the RASs of tounsts from Otier provinces, which demonstrated the attractiveness of and distance decay of Shanghai. He found that a U-shaped UC model existed in the distance decay under the influence of attractiveness and distance. Finally, the author suggested, that the availability, periodicity and attractiveness, besides distance, are the basic mechanisms that affect the urban recreationists' traveling models in a city such as Shanghai.
文摘Investments in rural land for agriculture, timber, and other natural resource purposes occur frequently and globally. Fundamental principles of liberty and property found in the United States of America’s (“US”) legal system, from its origins to recent US Supreme Court decisions, continue to positively benefit holders of real estate in the Southern US, through a deep-rooted public policy of supporting private property rights and rural economic development. This stable rule of law enhances the long-term adaptability and sustainability of timberland as an asset class. This article is a commentary. It combines legal research methodology with the observations and conclusions of the authors. Its purpose is to demonstrate that the existence of alienable, documentable ownership, and related property rights create inherent stability and security. These principles form the basis of a culture that is defined by the rule of law and is “open for business.” This business mindset is particularly prevalent in the Southern US.
