Remnant ocean basin is a key to understand the plate suturing and subsequent uplift and erosion of orogen.The Bay of Bengal Basin(BOBB)provides a typical example to analyze the remnant ocean basin structures,evolution...Remnant ocean basin is a key to understand the plate suturing and subsequent uplift and erosion of orogen.The Bay of Bengal Basin(BOBB)provides a typical example to analyze the remnant ocean basin structures,evolution,and relationships between depositional filling and uplifting of the Himalayan Orogen.Thirty-nine seismic profiles as well as interval velocities of well BODC3 were used to compile isopach maps of the basin.Among the seismic data,26 seismic profiles were applied to estab-lish 8 cross sections.The cross sections suggest the basin is asymmetric,bounded to the west by the eastern continental margin of India(ECMI)with graben-horst and to the east by the Sunda conver-gence margin dominated by trench-arc system.The BOBB is characterized by a prominent down flex-ure structures caused by huge amount of Bengal fan turbidite sediments accumulation.Our isopach maps and chronology data collected from adjacent regions reveal the initial development and fast southward growth of the Bengal fan were related to the early and major stage uplift and erosion of the Himalayan Orogen,respectively.The BOBB has experienced a critical transition from an ocean basin to a remnant ocean basin at Late Oligocene.Such basin structures and evolution features indicate the BOBB provides whole records of oblique convergence of the India and Asia plates,and the early and major stage evolution of the Himalayan Orogen.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the Quality of Life of the patients who received a total gastrectomy with different kinds of reconstruction methods. METHODS Patients who received a total gastrectomy between May 1999 to May 2003...OBJECTIVE To evaluate the Quality of Life of the patients who received a total gastrectomy with different kinds of reconstruction methods. METHODS Patients who received a total gastrectomy between May 1999 to May 2003 were followed-up via questionnaires. Fifty-nine who were alive more than 2 years with no sigh of recurrence were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into 2 groups as follows： a group treated with reconstruction with a duodenal passage after total gastrectomy （gastric substitute, GS）; and a group receiving reconstruction without duodenal passage after total gastrectomy （Jejenal pouch, JP）. Follow-up feedback data of 14 items from the patients were analyzed, comparing the Quality of Life （QOL） between the 2 groups. RESULTS Six months after operation, the most common symptoms of all patients were reflux and loss of body weight, but there was no statistically significant differences in the 14 items related to the special post-operation symptoms between the 2 groups. At 12 months after the operations, there were significant differences between the 2 groups in body weight （P=0.01）, eating time （P=0.034〈0.05）, and frequency of food intake （P= 0.040〈0.05）; At 24 months after the operations, the only difference between the 2 groups was body weight gain （P=0.025〈0.05）. The JP group was better than the GS group. CONCLUSION The JP reconstruction pattern is superior to a simple GS in gain of body weight, volume of food intake and frequency of food intake, soon after the operation.展开更多
Three-dimensional reconstructions from tomography slices are paid great attention in medical applications nowadays. This paper introduces the design and the implement of VolGraph system: a new, inexpensive, PC-based v...Three-dimensional reconstructions from tomography slices are paid great attention in medical applications nowadays. This paper introduces the design and the implement of VolGraph system: a new, inexpensive, PC-based visualization tool for three-dimensional medical reconstructions, which fully integrates the latest popular visualization algorithms ranging from classical surface rendering algorithm to volume rendering algorithms, such as Ray Casting, Splatting, and Shear-Warp.The input of VolGraph can be medical ima- ges including CT, MRI, etc, and the output can be in common image, VRML/XML or animation formats. Practice proves that the realization of a medical volume visualization system is now feasible on desktop PCs.展开更多
Focusing on geological,geochemical and geophysical aspects of dykes and related units,the International Dyke Conference(IDC)series was launched in Toronto,Canada in 1985 by Prof.Henry C.Halls(University of Toronto).It...Focusing on geological,geochemical and geophysical aspects of dykes and related units,the International Dyke Conference(IDC)series was launched in Toronto,Canada in 1985 by Prof.Henry C.Halls(University of Toronto).It has continued approximately every five years with展开更多
There are only two quantitative tools for Precambrian paleogeographic reconstructions–paleomagnetic data and dyke swarms geometries.Paleomagnetic data provide information about paleolatitudes and orientation of rigid
We address the issue of point value reconstructions from cell averages in the context of third-order finite volume schemes,focusing in particular on the cells close to the boundaries of the domain.In fact,most techniq...We address the issue of point value reconstructions from cell averages in the context of third-order finite volume schemes,focusing in particular on the cells close to the boundaries of the domain.In fact,most techniques in the literature rely on the creation of ghost cells outside the boundary and on some form of extrapolation from the inside that,taking into account the boundary conditions,fills the ghost cells with appropriate values,so that a standard reconstruction can be applied also in the boundary cells.In Naumann et al.(Appl.Math.Comput.325:252–270.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2017.12.041,2018),motivated by the difficulty of choosing appropriate boundary conditions at the internal nodes of a network,a different technique was explored that avoids the use of ghost cells,but instead employs for the boundary cells a different stencil,biased towards the interior of the domain.In this paper,extending that approach,which does not make use of ghost cells,we propose a more accurate reconstruction for the one-dimensional case and a two-dimensional one for Cartesian grids.In several numerical tests,we compare the novel reconstruction with the standard approach using ghost cells.展开更多
This work aims to develop fast T_(1)mapping methods for preclinical and clinical scanners based on subspace-constrained reconstructions.Two sequences are explored for rapid T_(1)characterizations:1)Interleaved spatiot...This work aims to develop fast T_(1)mapping methods for preclinical and clinical scanners based on subspace-constrained reconstructions.Two sequences are explored for rapid T_(1)characterizations:1)Interleaved spatiotemporal encoding incorporating variable repetition times.2)Inversion recovery gradient echo with random sampling of the phaseencoding(PE)dimension.For both sequences,the subspace reconstruction of the signal recovery was applied,to jointly reconstruct the down-sampled images while characterizing the T_(1)relaxation.In vivo scans on human brains and abdomens confirmed the efficiency of the proposed methods,including compatibility with breath-holding.In addition,Scans on animals with abdominal tumors and dynamic contrast-enhanced T_(1)mapping on kidneys support the applicability of the proposed methods also in preclinical settings.展开更多
Owing to the remoteness of the Longriba area and the lack of dating records,it is extremely challenging to reconstruct the chronology and extent of the paleoglaciers in this area.In this paper,we combined limited obse...Owing to the remoteness of the Longriba area and the lack of dating records,it is extremely challenging to reconstruct the chronology and extent of the paleoglaciers in this area.In this paper,we combined limited observational data with automated modelling for paleoglacial reconstructions.We first identified a broadly distributed paleoglacier from satellite imagery and field investigation based on the sediment-landform assemblage principle and dated it to 23.1±1.4~19.5±1.2 ka by ^(10)Be exposure dating,corresponding to the global Last Glacial Maximum(gLGM).Then,we reconstructed the extent and ice surface of 171 paleoglaciers formed during the similar period based on geomorphological evidence and‘ice surface profile’modelling.The results showed that the paleoglacial coverage was 426.5 km2,with an ice volume of 38.1 km^(3),in the Longriba area.The reconstructed equilibrium line altitudes(ELAs)based on modelled ice surfaces yielded an average of 4245±66 m above sea level(asl),~725±73 m lower than the present ELA(4970±29 m asl).The temperature was~5.51-6.68℃lower,and the precipitation was~30-34%less in Longriba,during the gLGM compared to the present day.This glacial advance was mainly driven by colder climate that was synchronous with Northern Hemisphere cooling events.展开更多
The evolution of the Tethys Ocean involved several episodes of ocean opening(including the Paleo-Tethys and Neo-Tethys) along its southern margin as terranes rifting away from eastern Gondwana. These oceans were termi...The evolution of the Tethys Ocean involved several episodes of ocean opening(including the Paleo-Tethys and Neo-Tethys) along its southern margin as terranes rifting away from eastern Gondwana. These oceans were terminated by well observed north-dipping subduction as the same terranes accreted to southern Eurasia. However, the presence of south-dipping subduction, though geologically proposed by numerous studies, have generally been omitted in the reconstruction of Tethyan evolution. Here, we synthesize the Mesozoic south-dipping subduction evolutions in the global reconstruction and focus on two potential events located along the northern edges of Southwest Borneo Block and the Woyla Arc. We next evaluate their slab volumes after thermal diffusion in the current mantle. Fast velocity anomalies in the mantle beneath the same region are then converted to cold anomalies and their volumes are further estimated and compared to the volumes evaluated from these two Mesozoic south-dipping subduction. We further identify seismic fast velocity anomalies likely relevant to slab remnants of south-dipping Tethyan subduction in the present-day mantle beneath the Indian ocean and West Australia, and link them to arc systems in plate reconstructions. In addition, one more tectonic scenario relevant to the north-dipping subduction in our study region is also examined. We speculate the relationship and evolution between such south-dipping subduction and north-dipping subduction in the south of Tethys Oceans. The attempt to reconstruct intermittent south-dipping subduction systems in southern Tethys region represents an effort on assessing rifting mechanisms in the opening of the Tethys Ocean and break-up of eastern Gondwana.展开更多
The key to high manoeuvre ability in bird flight lies in the combined morphing of wings and tail.The perching of a wild Haliaeetus Albicilla without running or wing flapping is recorded and investigated using a high-s...The key to high manoeuvre ability in bird flight lies in the combined morphing of wings and tail.The perching of a wild Haliaeetus Albicilla without running or wing flapping is recorded and investigated using a high-speed digital video.A shape reconstruction method is proposed to describe wing contours and tail contours during perching.The avian airfoil geometries of the Aquila Chrysaetos are extracted from noncontact surface measurements using a ROMBER 3D laser scanner.The wing planform,chord distribution and twist distribution are fitted in convenient analytical expressions to obtain a 3D wing geometry.A three-jointed arm model is proposed to associate with the 3D wing geometry,while a one-joint arm model is proposed to describe the kinematics of tail.Therefore,a 3D bird model is established.The perching sequences of the wild eagle are recaptured and regenerated with the proposed 3D bird model.A quasi-steady aerodynamic model is applied in the aerodynamic predictions,a four-step Adams-Bashforth method is used to calculate the ordinary differential equations,thus a BFGS based optimization method is established to predict the perching motions.展开更多
The EFIT （Equilibrium Fitting） code is modified for the equilibrium configuration reconstruction in HL-2A. Signals from Langmuir probe （LP） at the divertor target plates are employed in the reconstruction of diver...The EFIT （Equilibrium Fitting） code is modified for the equilibrium configuration reconstruction in HL-2A. Signals from Langmuir probe （LP） at the divertor target plates are employed in the reconstruction of divertor configurations. The results show that discharge #2895 starts with a limiter configuration and develops gradually into a divertor configuration after t = 230 ms. This transition process is clearly demonstrated by the LP signals for the reconstruction. The profiles of plasma parameters such as safety factor q, pressure and current density as well as the evolution of major shape parameters of plasma, such as the boundary magnetic fluxes, the positions of both x-point and magnetic axis, are calculated from the reconstructed configurations. The possibility to apply the method to the swing of strike point on the target plate is discussed.展开更多
Dense and extensive esophageal strictures after caustic agent ingestion require surgical treatment. Colon, stomach and jejunum can be used to reconstruct esophagus. Here, we report an unusual patient with corrosive es...Dense and extensive esophageal strictures after caustic agent ingestion require surgical treatment. Colon, stomach and jejunum can be used to reconstruct esophagus. Here, we report an unusual patient with corrosive esophageal stricture who had received unsuccessful esophageal replacements twice at other hospitals. Colon interposition had been first performed 6 months after corrosive esophageal burn, but the colon graft necrosis occurred. Esophageal reconstruction had been carried out 10 years later in another hospital. However, the graft necrosis developed again 5 months later. A salvage operation was performed to remove the necrotic transplant in our hospital. Then as much food as possible had been given to expand the stomach through the gastrostomy since the procedure. The patient underwent esophagecto-my and concomitant gastroesophagostomy in the neck 1. 5 years later. Esophageal dilations had been performed to prevent recurrent anastomotic stricture for 1 year. He has eaten a normal diet since being discharged.展开更多
Long-range precipitation forecasts are useful when managing water supplies.Oceanicatmospheric oscillations have been shown to influence precipitation.Due to a longer cycle of some of the oscillations,a short instrumen...Long-range precipitation forecasts are useful when managing water supplies.Oceanicatmospheric oscillations have been shown to influence precipitation.Due to a longer cycle of some of the oscillations,a short instrumental record is a limitation in using them for long-range precipitation forecasts.The influence of oscillations over precipitation is observable within paleoclimate reconstructions;however,there have been no attempts to utilize these reconstructions in precipitation forecasting.A data-driven model,KStar,is used for obtaining long-range precipitation forecasts by extending the period of record through the use of reconstructions of oscillations.KStar is a nearest neighbor algorithm with an entropy-based distance function.Oceanic-atmospheric oscillation reconstructions include the El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO),the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO),the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO),and the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation(AMO).Precipitation is forecasted for 20 climate divisions in the western United States.A 10-year moving average is applied to aid in the identification of oscillation phases.A lead time approach is used to simulate a one-year forecast,with a 10-fold cross-validation technique to test the models.Reconstructions are used from 1658-1899,while the observed record is used from 1900-2007.The model is evaluated using mean absolute error(MAE),root mean squared error(RMSE),RMSE-observations standard deviation ratio(RSR),Pearson's correlation coefficient(R),NashSutcliffe coefficient of efficiency(NSE),and linear error in probability space(LEPS) skill score(SK).The role of individual and coupled oscillations is evaluated by dropping oscillations in the model.The results indicate 'good' precipitation estimates using the KStar model.This modeling technique is expected to be useful for long-term water resources planning and management.展开更多
Since the 1990s,indigenous people in Taiwan,China have engaged in tribal councils for the purpose of integrating the tribal authority and the modern administrative system.The establishment of tribal councils provides ...Since the 1990s,indigenous people in Taiwan,China have engaged in tribal councils for the purpose of integrating the tribal authority and the modern administrative system.The establishment of tribal councils provides a communicative forum for tribal leaders,village,and the association of community development to make decisions of common tribal affairs.When disasters happen,the internal tribal response strategies and external assistance mechanisms might cooperate through either traditional or modern administrative systems.The research focused on how these organizations,while in interim housing,influenced the reconstruction and rehabilitation after disasters.The research's findings suggested that tribal councils,a pre-existing mechanism,seemed to be an appropriate forum for negotiation and decision-making for tribal affairs.展开更多
Storm surges in the Western North Pacific cause significant economic damage and loss of life,highlighting the need for accurate storm surge predictions.This study evaluated four storm surge models:the Global Tide and ...Storm surges in the Western North Pacific cause significant economic damage and loss of life,highlighting the need for accurate storm surge predictions.This study evaluated four storm surge models:the Global Tide and Surge Model(GTSMv3.0),ERA20C neural network(ERA20C_nn),ERA20C multiple linear regression(ERA20C_ml),and 20th Century Reanalysis multiple linear regression(20CR_ml),using data from 160 tidal stations.The results show that the ERA20C_nn model outperformed others,with the highest correlation to tide-gauge observations.The GTSMv3.0 model follows closely,although slightly less accurate.The ERA20C_ml and 20CR_ml models were less effective,especially in predicting extreme surges.The ERA20C_nn model also provided more reliable estimates for 100-year return surge levels,outperforming other models.These findings suggest that neural network-based models,particularly ERA20C_nn,are better suited for assessing coastal flood risks in the region.展开更多
Traditionally, the evaluation of pollen-based quantitative paleoclimate reconstructions focuses on the ability of calibration sets to infer present climatic conditions and/or the similarity between fossil and modem as...Traditionally, the evaluation of pollen-based quantitative paleoclimate reconstructions focuses on the ability of calibration sets to infer present climatic conditions and/or the similarity between fossil and modem assemblages. Objective criteria for choosing the most appropriate climate parameter（s） to be reconstructed at a specific site are thus lacking. Using a novel approach for testing the statistical significance of a quantitative reconstruction using random environmental data, in combination with the advantageous large environmental gradients, abundant vegetation types and comprehensive modem pollen databases in China, we describe a new procedure for pollen-based quantitative paleoclimatic reconstructions. First, the most significant environmental variable controlling the fossil pollen assemblage changes is identified. Second, a calibration set to infer changes in this targeted variable is built up, by limiting the modem ranges of other environmental variables. Finally, the pollen-based quantitative reconstruction is obtained and its statistical significance assessed. This novel procedure was used to reconstruct the mean annual precipitation （Pann） from Gonghai Lake in the Lvliang Mountains, and Tianchi Lake in the Liupan Mountains, on the eastern and western fringe of the Chinese Loess Plateau, respectively. Both Pann. reconstructions are statistically significant （p〈0.001）, and a sound and stable correlation relationship exists in their common period, showing a rapid precipitation decrease since 3300 cal yr BP. Thus, we propose that this procedure has great potential for reducing the uncertainties associated with pollen-based quantitative paleoclimatic reconstructions in China.展开更多
After spinal cord injury,impairment of the sensorimotor circuit can lead to dysfunction in the motor,sensory,proprioceptive,and autonomic nervous systems.Functional recovery is often hindered by constraints on the tim...After spinal cord injury,impairment of the sensorimotor circuit can lead to dysfunction in the motor,sensory,proprioceptive,and autonomic nervous systems.Functional recovery is often hindered by constraints on the timing of interventions,combined with the limitations of current methods.To address these challenges,various techniques have been developed to aid in the repair and reconstruction of neural circuits at different stages of injury.Notably,neuromodulation has garnered considerable attention for its potential to enhance nerve regeneration,provide neuroprotection,restore neurons,and regulate the neural reorganization of circuits within the cerebral cortex and corticospinal tract.To improve the effectiveness of these interventions,the implementation of multitarget early interventional neuromodulation strategies,such as electrical and magnetic stimulation,is recommended to enhance functional recovery across different phases of nerve injury.This review concisely outlines the challenges encountered following spinal cord injury,synthesizes existing neurostimulation techniques while emphasizing neuroprotection,repair,and regeneration of impaired connections,and advocates for multi-targeted,task-oriented,and timely interventions.展开更多
The separation and reconstructions of charged hadron and neutral hadron from their overlapped showers in an electromagnetic calorimeter is very important for the reconstructions of some particles with hadronic decays,...The separation and reconstructions of charged hadron and neutral hadron from their overlapped showers in an electromagnetic calorimeter is very important for the reconstructions of some particles with hadronic decays, for example the tau reconstruction in the searches for the Standard Model and supersymmetric Higgs bosons at the LHC. In this paper, a method combining the shower cluster in an electromagnetic calorimeter and the parametric formula for hadron showers, was developed to separate the overlapped showers between charged hadron and neutral hadron. Taking the hadronic decay containing one charged pion and one neutral pion in the final status of tau for example, satisfied results of the separation of the overlapped showers, the reconstructions of the energy and positions of the hadrons were obtained. An improved result for the tau reconstruction with this decay model can be also achieved after the application of the proposed method.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of decellularized conjunctival stroma(DCS)as a novel biomaterial by comparing its grafting outcomes with amniotic membrane(AM)when used for conjunctival reconstruction after pri...AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of decellularized conjunctival stroma(DCS)as a novel biomaterial by comparing its grafting outcomes with amniotic membrane(AM)when used for conjunctival reconstruction after primary pterygium excision.METHODS:This randomized,parallel-controlled study with allocation concealment enrolled 40 patients with primary pterygium.Participants were randomly assigned to two groups using the sealed envelope method:the DCS group(n=20)and the AM group(n=18),receiving DCS and AM grafts respectively.Slit-lamp photography of the operative eyes was performed preoperatively and at 1,3,5,7,10,30,90,and 180d postoperatively.Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and symptom scores were recorded simultaneously.In vivo confocal microscopy was conducted at 3 and 6mo postoperatively.RESULTS:All participants exhibited improved postoperative symptoms.The mean age was 60±9y(male/female ratio:6/14)in the DCS group and 56±12y(male/female ratio:7/11)in the AM group.The average epithelial healing time was 9.89±3.54d in the DCS group and 8.17±1.34d in the AM group(P=0.084).One recurrence case was observed in each group.Postoperative graft hemorrhage was significantly more severe in the DCS group than in the AM group only at 30d postoperatively(P=0.011).In vivo confocal microscopy revealed conjunctival epithelial cell growth in both groups at 90d postoperatively,while clear corneo-conjunctival cell boundaries were observed until 180d postoperatively.CONCLUSION:DCS used in primary pterygium surgery has a safety profile comparable to AM.It promotes rapid postoperative conjunctival healing,achieves a relatively low pterygium recurrence rate,and yields outcomes similar to AM.DCS provides a novel biomaterial option for conjunctival reconstruction after pterygium excision and the treatment of other conjunctival injuries.展开更多
A full global geodynamical model over 600 million years （Ma） has been de- veloped at the University of Lausanne during the past 20 years. We show herein how the 2D maps were converted into 3D （i.e., full hypsometry...A full global geodynamical model over 600 million years （Ma） has been de- veloped at the University of Lausanne during the past 20 years. We show herein how the 2D maps were converted into 3D （i.e., full hypsometry and bathymetry）, using a heuristic-based approach. Although the synthetic topography may be viewed as relatively crude, it has the advantage of being applicable anywhere on the globe and at any geological time. The model allows estimating the sea-level changes throughout the Phanerozoic, with the possibility, for the first time, to flood accordingly continental areas. One of the most striking results is the good correlation with ＂measured＂ sea-level changes, implying that long-term variations are predominantly tectonically-driven. Volumes of mountain relief are also estimated through time and compared with strontium isotopic ratio （Sr-ratio）, commonly thought to reflect mountain belt erosion. The tectonic impact upon the general Sr-retio trend is shown herein for the first time, although such influence was long been inferred.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2011ZX05030-002-003)
文摘Remnant ocean basin is a key to understand the plate suturing and subsequent uplift and erosion of orogen.The Bay of Bengal Basin(BOBB)provides a typical example to analyze the remnant ocean basin structures,evolution,and relationships between depositional filling and uplifting of the Himalayan Orogen.Thirty-nine seismic profiles as well as interval velocities of well BODC3 were used to compile isopach maps of the basin.Among the seismic data,26 seismic profiles were applied to estab-lish 8 cross sections.The cross sections suggest the basin is asymmetric,bounded to the west by the eastern continental margin of India(ECMI)with graben-horst and to the east by the Sunda conver-gence margin dominated by trench-arc system.The BOBB is characterized by a prominent down flex-ure structures caused by huge amount of Bengal fan turbidite sediments accumulation.Our isopach maps and chronology data collected from adjacent regions reveal the initial development and fast southward growth of the Bengal fan were related to the early and major stage uplift and erosion of the Himalayan Orogen,respectively.The BOBB has experienced a critical transition from an ocean basin to a remnant ocean basin at Late Oligocene.Such basin structures and evolution features indicate the BOBB provides whole records of oblique convergence of the India and Asia plates,and the early and major stage evolution of the Himalayan Orogen.
文摘OBJECTIVE To evaluate the Quality of Life of the patients who received a total gastrectomy with different kinds of reconstruction methods. METHODS Patients who received a total gastrectomy between May 1999 to May 2003 were followed-up via questionnaires. Fifty-nine who were alive more than 2 years with no sigh of recurrence were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into 2 groups as follows： a group treated with reconstruction with a duodenal passage after total gastrectomy （gastric substitute, GS）; and a group receiving reconstruction without duodenal passage after total gastrectomy （Jejenal pouch, JP）. Follow-up feedback data of 14 items from the patients were analyzed, comparing the Quality of Life （QOL） between the 2 groups. RESULTS Six months after operation, the most common symptoms of all patients were reflux and loss of body weight, but there was no statistically significant differences in the 14 items related to the special post-operation symptoms between the 2 groups. At 12 months after the operations, there were significant differences between the 2 groups in body weight （P=0.01）, eating time （P=0.034〈0.05）, and frequency of food intake （P= 0.040〈0.05）; At 24 months after the operations, the only difference between the 2 groups was body weight gain （P=0.025〈0.05）. The JP group was better than the GS group. CONCLUSION The JP reconstruction pattern is superior to a simple GS in gain of body weight, volume of food intake and frequency of food intake, soon after the operation.
文摘Three-dimensional reconstructions from tomography slices are paid great attention in medical applications nowadays. This paper introduces the design and the implement of VolGraph system: a new, inexpensive, PC-based visualization tool for three-dimensional medical reconstructions, which fully integrates the latest popular visualization algorithms ranging from classical surface rendering algorithm to volume rendering algorithms, such as Ray Casting, Splatting, and Shear-Warp.The input of VolGraph can be medical ima- ges including CT, MRI, etc, and the output can be in common image, VRML/XML or animation formats. Practice proves that the realization of a medical volume visualization system is now feasible on desktop PCs.
文摘Focusing on geological,geochemical and geophysical aspects of dykes and related units,the International Dyke Conference(IDC)series was launched in Toronto,Canada in 1985 by Prof.Henry C.Halls(University of Toronto).It has continued approximately every five years with
文摘There are only two quantitative tools for Precambrian paleogeographic reconstructions–paleomagnetic data and dyke swarms geometries.Paleomagnetic data provide information about paleolatitudes and orientation of rigid
基金MIUR-PRIN project 2017KKJP4X“Innovative numerical methods for evolutionary partial differential equations and applications”.Gabriella Puppo acknowledges also the support of 2019 Ateneo Sapienza research project no.RM11916B51CD40E1.
文摘We address the issue of point value reconstructions from cell averages in the context of third-order finite volume schemes,focusing in particular on the cells close to the boundaries of the domain.In fact,most techniques in the literature rely on the creation of ghost cells outside the boundary and on some form of extrapolation from the inside that,taking into account the boundary conditions,fills the ghost cells with appropriate values,so that a standard reconstruction can be applied also in the boundary cells.In Naumann et al.(Appl.Math.Comput.325:252–270.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2017.12.041,2018),motivated by the difficulty of choosing appropriate boundary conditions at the internal nodes of a network,a different technique was explored that avoids the use of ghost cells,but instead employs for the boundary cells a different stencil,biased towards the interior of the domain.In this paper,extending that approach,which does not make use of ghost cells,we propose a more accurate reconstruction for the one-dimensional case and a two-dimensional one for Cartesian grids.In several numerical tests,we compare the novel reconstruction with the standard approach using ghost cells.
基金funded by the Israel Science Foundation(grants 3594/21 and 1874/22)the Clore Institute for High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy and by the Azrieli Institute for Brain Imaging(Weizmann Institute),by China Scholarship Council(CSC)grant 201806310085+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program grant 2023YFE0113300the Magnetic Resonance Technology Alliance of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Scientific Research Instrument and Equipment Development Project grant 2021GZL001the Israel Cancer Research Foundation and by Israel's Planning and Budget Committee(Lingceng Ma,international student fellowship).
文摘This work aims to develop fast T_(1)mapping methods for preclinical and clinical scanners based on subspace-constrained reconstructions.Two sequences are explored for rapid T_(1)characterizations:1)Interleaved spatiotemporal encoding incorporating variable repetition times.2)Inversion recovery gradient echo with random sampling of the phaseencoding(PE)dimension.For both sequences,the subspace reconstruction of the signal recovery was applied,to jointly reconstruct the down-sampled images while characterizing the T_(1)relaxation.In vivo scans on human brains and abdomens confirmed the efficiency of the proposed methods,including compatibility with breath-holding.In addition,Scans on animals with abdominal tumors and dynamic contrast-enhanced T_(1)mapping on kidneys support the applicability of the proposed methods also in preclinical settings.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC 41771005 and 41230743)。
文摘Owing to the remoteness of the Longriba area and the lack of dating records,it is extremely challenging to reconstruct the chronology and extent of the paleoglaciers in this area.In this paper,we combined limited observational data with automated modelling for paleoglacial reconstructions.We first identified a broadly distributed paleoglacier from satellite imagery and field investigation based on the sediment-landform assemblage principle and dated it to 23.1±1.4~19.5±1.2 ka by ^(10)Be exposure dating,corresponding to the global Last Glacial Maximum(gLGM).Then,we reconstructed the extent and ice surface of 171 paleoglaciers formed during the similar period based on geomorphological evidence and‘ice surface profile’modelling.The results showed that the paleoglacial coverage was 426.5 km2,with an ice volume of 38.1 km^(3),in the Longriba area.The reconstructed equilibrium line altitudes(ELAs)based on modelled ice surfaces yielded an average of 4245±66 m above sea level(asl),~725±73 m lower than the present ELA(4970±29 m asl).The temperature was~5.51-6.68℃lower,and the precipitation was~30-34%less in Longriba,during the gLGM compared to the present day.This glacial advance was mainly driven by colder climate that was synchronous with Northern Hemisphere cooling events.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41888101, 41976066, 91955210)。
文摘The evolution of the Tethys Ocean involved several episodes of ocean opening(including the Paleo-Tethys and Neo-Tethys) along its southern margin as terranes rifting away from eastern Gondwana. These oceans were terminated by well observed north-dipping subduction as the same terranes accreted to southern Eurasia. However, the presence of south-dipping subduction, though geologically proposed by numerous studies, have generally been omitted in the reconstruction of Tethyan evolution. Here, we synthesize the Mesozoic south-dipping subduction evolutions in the global reconstruction and focus on two potential events located along the northern edges of Southwest Borneo Block and the Woyla Arc. We next evaluate their slab volumes after thermal diffusion in the current mantle. Fast velocity anomalies in the mantle beneath the same region are then converted to cold anomalies and their volumes are further estimated and compared to the volumes evaluated from these two Mesozoic south-dipping subduction. We further identify seismic fast velocity anomalies likely relevant to slab remnants of south-dipping Tethyan subduction in the present-day mantle beneath the Indian ocean and West Australia, and link them to arc systems in plate reconstructions. In addition, one more tectonic scenario relevant to the north-dipping subduction in our study region is also examined. We speculate the relationship and evolution between such south-dipping subduction and north-dipping subduction in the south of Tethys Oceans. The attempt to reconstruct intermittent south-dipping subduction systems in southern Tethys region represents an effort on assessing rifting mechanisms in the opening of the Tethys Ocean and break-up of eastern Gondwana.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51705459)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation.
文摘The key to high manoeuvre ability in bird flight lies in the combined morphing of wings and tail.The perching of a wild Haliaeetus Albicilla without running or wing flapping is recorded and investigated using a high-speed digital video.A shape reconstruction method is proposed to describe wing contours and tail contours during perching.The avian airfoil geometries of the Aquila Chrysaetos are extracted from noncontact surface measurements using a ROMBER 3D laser scanner.The wing planform,chord distribution and twist distribution are fitted in convenient analytical expressions to obtain a 3D wing geometry.A three-jointed arm model is proposed to associate with the 3D wing geometry,while a one-joint arm model is proposed to describe the kinematics of tail.Therefore,a 3D bird model is established.The perching sequences of the wild eagle are recaptured and regenerated with the proposed 3D bird model.A quasi-steady aerodynamic model is applied in the aerodynamic predictions,a four-step Adams-Bashforth method is used to calculate the ordinary differential equations,thus a BFGS based optimization method is established to predict the perching motions.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10635010)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20090041110026)
文摘The EFIT （Equilibrium Fitting） code is modified for the equilibrium configuration reconstruction in HL-2A. Signals from Langmuir probe （LP） at the divertor target plates are employed in the reconstruction of divertor configurations. The results show that discharge #2895 starts with a limiter configuration and develops gradually into a divertor configuration after t = 230 ms. This transition process is clearly demonstrated by the LP signals for the reconstruction. The profiles of plasma parameters such as safety factor q, pressure and current density as well as the evolution of major shape parameters of plasma, such as the boundary magnetic fluxes, the positions of both x-point and magnetic axis, are calculated from the reconstructed configurations. The possibility to apply the method to the swing of strike point on the target plate is discussed.
文摘Dense and extensive esophageal strictures after caustic agent ingestion require surgical treatment. Colon, stomach and jejunum can be used to reconstruct esophagus. Here, we report an unusual patient with corrosive esophageal stricture who had received unsuccessful esophageal replacements twice at other hospitals. Colon interposition had been first performed 6 months after corrosive esophageal burn, but the colon graft necrosis occurred. Esophageal reconstruction had been carried out 10 years later in another hospital. However, the graft necrosis developed again 5 months later. A salvage operation was performed to remove the necrotic transplant in our hospital. Then as much food as possible had been given to expand the stomach through the gastrostomy since the procedure. The patient underwent esophagecto-my and concomitant gastroesophagostomy in the neck 1. 5 years later. Esophageal dilations had been performed to prevent recurrent anastomotic stricture for 1 year. He has eaten a normal diet since being discharged.
文摘Long-range precipitation forecasts are useful when managing water supplies.Oceanicatmospheric oscillations have been shown to influence precipitation.Due to a longer cycle of some of the oscillations,a short instrumental record is a limitation in using them for long-range precipitation forecasts.The influence of oscillations over precipitation is observable within paleoclimate reconstructions;however,there have been no attempts to utilize these reconstructions in precipitation forecasting.A data-driven model,KStar,is used for obtaining long-range precipitation forecasts by extending the period of record through the use of reconstructions of oscillations.KStar is a nearest neighbor algorithm with an entropy-based distance function.Oceanic-atmospheric oscillation reconstructions include the El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO),the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO),the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO),and the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation(AMO).Precipitation is forecasted for 20 climate divisions in the western United States.A 10-year moving average is applied to aid in the identification of oscillation phases.A lead time approach is used to simulate a one-year forecast,with a 10-fold cross-validation technique to test the models.Reconstructions are used from 1658-1899,while the observed record is used from 1900-2007.The model is evaluated using mean absolute error(MAE),root mean squared error(RMSE),RMSE-observations standard deviation ratio(RSR),Pearson's correlation coefficient(R),NashSutcliffe coefficient of efficiency(NSE),and linear error in probability space(LEPS) skill score(SK).The role of individual and coupled oscillations is evaluated by dropping oscillations in the model.The results indicate 'good' precipitation estimates using the KStar model.This modeling technique is expected to be useful for long-term water resources planning and management.
文摘Since the 1990s,indigenous people in Taiwan,China have engaged in tribal councils for the purpose of integrating the tribal authority and the modern administrative system.The establishment of tribal councils provides a communicative forum for tribal leaders,village,and the association of community development to make decisions of common tribal affairs.When disasters happen,the internal tribal response strategies and external assistance mechanisms might cooperate through either traditional or modern administrative systems.The research focused on how these organizations,while in interim housing,influenced the reconstruction and rehabilitation after disasters.The research's findings suggested that tribal councils,a pre-existing mechanism,seemed to be an appropriate forum for negotiation and decision-making for tribal affairs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42176198,42176203)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC3008200)funding from the Taishan Scholars Program(tsqn202211252)。
文摘Storm surges in the Western North Pacific cause significant economic damage and loss of life,highlighting the need for accurate storm surge predictions.This study evaluated four storm surge models:the Global Tide and Surge Model(GTSMv3.0),ERA20C neural network(ERA20C_nn),ERA20C multiple linear regression(ERA20C_ml),and 20th Century Reanalysis multiple linear regression(20CR_ml),using data from 160 tidal stations.The results show that the ERA20C_nn model outperformed others,with the highest correlation to tide-gauge observations.The GTSMv3.0 model follows closely,although slightly less accurate.The ERA20C_ml and 20CR_ml models were less effective,especially in predicting extreme surges.The ERA20C_nn model also provided more reliable estimates for 100-year return surge levels,outperforming other models.These findings suggest that neural network-based models,particularly ERA20C_nn,are better suited for assessing coastal flood risks in the region.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41471162&41571182)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0603402)
文摘Traditionally, the evaluation of pollen-based quantitative paleoclimate reconstructions focuses on the ability of calibration sets to infer present climatic conditions and/or the similarity between fossil and modem assemblages. Objective criteria for choosing the most appropriate climate parameter（s） to be reconstructed at a specific site are thus lacking. Using a novel approach for testing the statistical significance of a quantitative reconstruction using random environmental data, in combination with the advantageous large environmental gradients, abundant vegetation types and comprehensive modem pollen databases in China, we describe a new procedure for pollen-based quantitative paleoclimatic reconstructions. First, the most significant environmental variable controlling the fossil pollen assemblage changes is identified. Second, a calibration set to infer changes in this targeted variable is built up, by limiting the modem ranges of other environmental variables. Finally, the pollen-based quantitative reconstruction is obtained and its statistical significance assessed. This novel procedure was used to reconstruct the mean annual precipitation （Pann） from Gonghai Lake in the Lvliang Mountains, and Tianchi Lake in the Liupan Mountains, on the eastern and western fringe of the Chinese Loess Plateau, respectively. Both Pann. reconstructions are statistically significant （p〈0.001）, and a sound and stable correlation relationship exists in their common period, showing a rapid precipitation decrease since 3300 cal yr BP. Thus, we propose that this procedure has great potential for reducing the uncertainties associated with pollen-based quantitative paleoclimatic reconstructions in China.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2023YFC3603705(to DX)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82302866(to YZ).
文摘After spinal cord injury,impairment of the sensorimotor circuit can lead to dysfunction in the motor,sensory,proprioceptive,and autonomic nervous systems.Functional recovery is often hindered by constraints on the timing of interventions,combined with the limitations of current methods.To address these challenges,various techniques have been developed to aid in the repair and reconstruction of neural circuits at different stages of injury.Notably,neuromodulation has garnered considerable attention for its potential to enhance nerve regeneration,provide neuroprotection,restore neurons,and regulate the neural reorganization of circuits within the cerebral cortex and corticospinal tract.To improve the effectiveness of these interventions,the implementation of multitarget early interventional neuromodulation strategies,such as electrical and magnetic stimulation,is recommended to enhance functional recovery across different phases of nerve injury.This review concisely outlines the challenges encountered following spinal cord injury,synthesizes existing neurostimulation techniques while emphasizing neuroprotection,repair,and regeneration of impaired connections,and advocates for multi-targeted,task-oriented,and timely interventions.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(10721140381,11061140514)China Ministry of Science and Technology(2007CB816100,2013CB838700)
文摘The separation and reconstructions of charged hadron and neutral hadron from their overlapped showers in an electromagnetic calorimeter is very important for the reconstructions of some particles with hadronic decays, for example the tau reconstruction in the searches for the Standard Model and supersymmetric Higgs bosons at the LHC. In this paper, a method combining the shower cluster in an electromagnetic calorimeter and the parametric formula for hadron showers, was developed to separate the overlapped showers between charged hadron and neutral hadron. Taking the hadronic decay containing one charged pion and one neutral pion in the final status of tau for example, satisfied results of the separation of the overlapped showers, the reconstructions of the energy and positions of the hadrons were obtained. An improved result for the tau reconstruction with this decay model can be also achieved after the application of the proposed method.
基金Supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82171018,No.82371022)Beijing Hospitals Authority’s Ascent Plan(No.DFL20240202)+2 种基金The Youth Beijing Scholars Program(No.022)High Level Public Health Technical Talents Construction Project from Beijing(Jie Y)Beijing Municipal Public Welfare Development and Reform Pilot Project for Medical Research Institutes(No.2023YFC2410401).
文摘AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of decellularized conjunctival stroma(DCS)as a novel biomaterial by comparing its grafting outcomes with amniotic membrane(AM)when used for conjunctival reconstruction after primary pterygium excision.METHODS:This randomized,parallel-controlled study with allocation concealment enrolled 40 patients with primary pterygium.Participants were randomly assigned to two groups using the sealed envelope method:the DCS group(n=20)and the AM group(n=18),receiving DCS and AM grafts respectively.Slit-lamp photography of the operative eyes was performed preoperatively and at 1,3,5,7,10,30,90,and 180d postoperatively.Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and symptom scores were recorded simultaneously.In vivo confocal microscopy was conducted at 3 and 6mo postoperatively.RESULTS:All participants exhibited improved postoperative symptoms.The mean age was 60±9y(male/female ratio:6/14)in the DCS group and 56±12y(male/female ratio:7/11)in the AM group.The average epithelial healing time was 9.89±3.54d in the DCS group and 8.17±1.34d in the AM group(P=0.084).One recurrence case was observed in each group.Postoperative graft hemorrhage was significantly more severe in the DCS group than in the AM group only at 30d postoperatively(P=0.011).In vivo confocal microscopy revealed conjunctival epithelial cell growth in both groups at 90d postoperatively,while clear corneo-conjunctival cell boundaries were observed until 180d postoperatively.CONCLUSION:DCS used in primary pterygium surgery has a safety profile comparable to AM.It promotes rapid postoperative conjunctival healing,achieves a relatively low pterygium recurrence rate,and yields outcomes similar to AM.DCS provides a novel biomaterial option for conjunctival reconstruction after pterygium excision and the treatment of other conjunctival injuries.
文摘A full global geodynamical model over 600 million years （Ma） has been de- veloped at the University of Lausanne during the past 20 years. We show herein how the 2D maps were converted into 3D （i.e., full hypsometry and bathymetry）, using a heuristic-based approach. Although the synthetic topography may be viewed as relatively crude, it has the advantage of being applicable anywhere on the globe and at any geological time. The model allows estimating the sea-level changes throughout the Phanerozoic, with the possibility, for the first time, to flood accordingly continental areas. One of the most striking results is the good correlation with ＂measured＂ sea-level changes, implying that long-term variations are predominantly tectonically-driven. Volumes of mountain relief are also estimated through time and compared with strontium isotopic ratio （Sr-ratio）, commonly thought to reflect mountain belt erosion. The tectonic impact upon the general Sr-retio trend is shown herein for the first time, although such influence was long been inferred.
