As China’s market-oriented economic reforms deepen, an urgent task lying ahead of us is to develop, standardize and improve the system of social security. What, however, is meant by a unified, standardized and perfec...As China’s market-oriented economic reforms deepen, an urgent task lying ahead of us is to develop, standardize and improve the system of social security. What, however, is meant by a unified, standardized and perfect social security system? How can we institute such a system? These questions remain urgently in need of study.This then was the setting of a national seminar on "The Theory and Practice of展开更多
The electrochemical conversion of nitrate,a widespread water pollutant,into valuable ammonia represents a green and decentralized approach to ammonia synthesis.However,the sluggish multielectronproton coupling path an...The electrochemical conversion of nitrate,a widespread water pollutant,into valuable ammonia represents a green and decentralized approach to ammonia synthesis.However,the sluggish multielectronproton coupling path and the low reactive species(nitrate and proton)concentration at the catalyst interface inhibit the efficiency of ammonia production from nitrate reduction reaction(NitRR).Herein,we introduce a novel iron-based tandem catalyst encapsulated by reduced graphene oxide(denoted as Fe-rGO),with a superior ammonia production rate of 47.815 mg h^(-1)mg_(ca)^(t-1)and a high Faraday efficiency(FE)of 96.51%at an applied potential of-0.5 V.It also delivers a robust stability with FE above90%under a current density of 250 mA cm^(-2)for 50 h.In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals that the FeO_(x)is dynamically translated to Fe~0 site concurrently with the enhancement of the NH_(3)production rate,suggesting the Fe^(0) site as hydrogenation active center.The asymmetric distribution of surface charges of rGO not only enriches nitrate ions at the catalytic interface and promotes the hydrogenation process in NitRR,but also protects the iron species and ensures their stability during electrolysis.The Zn-NO_(3)^(-)battery demonstrates an impressive FE of 88.6%,highlighting its exceptional potential for practical applications.展开更多
It has been well recognized that sand particles significantly affect the mechanical properties of reconstituted sandy clays,including the hosted clay and sand particles.However,interrelation between the permeability a...It has been well recognized that sand particles significantly affect the mechanical properties of reconstituted sandy clays,including the hosted clay and sand particles.However,interrelation between the permeability and compressibility of reconstituted sandy clays by considering the structural effects of sand particles is still rarely reported.For this,a series of consolidation-permeability coefficient tests were conducted on reconstituted sandy clays with different sand fractions(ψ_(ss)),initial void ratio of hosted clays(e_(c0))and void ratio at liquid limit of hosted clays(e_(cL)).The roles of ψ_(ss) in both the relationships of permeability coefficient of hosted clay(k_(v-hosted clay))versus effective vertical stress(σ'_(v))and void ratio of hosted clay(e_(c-hosted clay))versus σ'_(v) were analyzed.The results show that the permeability coefficient of reconstituted sandy clays(k_(v))is dominated by hosted clay(k_(v)=k_(v-hosted clay)).Both ψ_(ss) and σ'_(v) affect the k_(v) of sandy clays by changing the e_(c-hosted clay) at any given σ'_(v).Due to the partial contacts and densified clay bridges between the sand particles(i.e.structure effects),the e_(c-hosted clay) in sandy clays is higher than that in clays at the same σ'_(v)v.The k_(v)-e_(c-hosted clay) relationship of sandy clays is independent of σ'_(v) and ψ_(ss)but is a function of e_(cL).The types of hosted clays affect the k_(v) of sandy clays by changing the e_(cL).Based on the relationship between permeability coefficient and void ratio for the reconstituted clays,an empirical method for determining the k_(v) is proposed and validated for sandy clays.The predicted values are almost consistent with the measured values with k_(v-predicted)=k_(v-measured)=0.6-2.5.展开更多
BACKGROUND Patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)experience severe immune dysfunction.Liver transplantation(LT)significantly improves survival outcomes.However,the characteristics of peripheral blood lymph...BACKGROUND Patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)experience severe immune dysfunction.Liver transplantation(LT)significantly improves survival outcomes.However,the characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets(PBLSs)in this patient population are not well defined,and the dynamics of immune reconstitution post-LT are insufficiently understood.AIM To characterize PBLSs in patients with ACLF prior to LT and to evaluate PBLS reconstitution after LT.METHODS Clinical data from patients undergoing LT in the Transplantation Center,The Third Xiangya Hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were analyzed retrospectively.Our cohort comprised 44 patients with ACLF,16 patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis,and 23 patients with compensated cirrhosis.Twenty healthy volunteers were included as controls.PBLSs were evaluated across all groups.The relationship between PBLSs and post-LT prognosis was assessed,and dynamic changes in PBLSs among patients with ACLF were analyzed at different time points.RESULTS Patients with ACLF exhibited a marked reduction in PBLSs compared with healthy volunteers.Natural killer(NK)cell counts were further reduced in patients with ACLF when compared with patients with compensated cirrhosis.PBLSs did not correlate with the etiology or severity of ACLF or with established liver failure scores.Following LT,a rapid restoration of NK cells and B cells was observed in patients with ACLF.However,the cluster of differentiation(CD)3+T cell and CD4+T cell counts decreased 14 days post-LT and subsequently returned to preoperative levels by day 21.CONCLUSION Patients with ACLF exhibited markedly reduced PBLSs,with decreased NK cells potentially linked to progression from compensated cirrhosis to liver failure.NK and B cell were rapidly restored after LT.展开更多
Incomplete immune reconstitution occurs in 10%-40%of antiretroviral therapy(ART)-treated human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)patients.This subset of immunological non-responders(INRs)has yet to undergo a comprehensive an...Incomplete immune reconstitution occurs in 10%-40%of antiretroviral therapy(ART)-treated human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)patients.This subset of immunological non-responders(INRs)has yet to undergo a comprehensive analysis of immunological profiles,and no definitive cytological diag-nosis has been established.In this study,we comparatively analyzed the immunological profiles of INRs,immunological responders(IRs),and healthy control individuals(HCs)via single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)and single-cell T-cell receptor(TCR)repertoire sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs),and identified a relatively small population of mucosal-associated invariant T(MAIT)cells in INRs.This finding was recapitulated in rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus(SIV).Specifically,the population of the naïve MAIT cell subtype was significantly lower in INRs than in IRs,and the majority of MAIT cells were CD8^(+)cell subsets.Further characteristic analysis of MAIT cells via the transcriptome revealed decreased expression of cytotoxicity-related genes in INRs,while displaying increased expression of genes involved in TGF-β receptor signaling.In summary,by conducting a comparative analysis,this study revealed a corre-lation between the decreased proportion of naïve MAIT cells and impaired immune reconstitution in INRs.This finding highlights a particular cell subset that may play a pivotal role in the incomplete immune reconstitution,and suggests a plausible cellular target for the modulation of INRs.展开更多
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is a significant yet infrequent complication inpediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, occurring in approximately4% of cases. Its presentation typically coincides with ...Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is a significant yet infrequent complication inpediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, occurring in approximately4% of cases. Its presentation typically coincides with immune reconstitution,between 6 weeks to 6 months post-transplant, emphasizing the need fortimely detection. Symptoms often develop insidiously, underscoring the role offundus examinations during episodes of CMV viremia. However, the low incidencechallenges the necessity of routine screenings, as they may strain clinicalresources without clear benefits to patient outcomes. Management includes systemicand intravitreal antivirals, such as ganciclovir and foscarnet, and adoptiveT-cell therapy for refractory cases. Tailored follow-up strategies are crucial, withconsiderations for lesion activity and CMV viremia status to determine theduration of therapy. Baseline and post-transplant screenings remain a topic ofdebate, with evolving guidelines needed to balance patient safety and clinicalfeasibility. Future research is needed to address optimal screening intervals andinvestigate the role of pre-existing CMV serostatus in transplant eligibility andoutcomes.展开更多
A lipid_depleted cytochrome b 6f (Cyt b 6f) preparation was obtained from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts. Upon reconstitution of this preparation with the membrane lipids purified from spinach thylakoid...A lipid_depleted cytochrome b 6f (Cyt b 6f) preparation was obtained from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts. Upon reconstitution of this preparation with the membrane lipids purified from spinach thylakoid, the effects of different membrane lipids on the electron transfer activity were studied. The results show that the electron transfer activity of Cyt b 6f is obviously stimulated to different extents, respectively, by monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG), and that the extents of stimulation may be closely related to the charge of the membrane lipids. The stimulation of non_charged lipids (MGDG, DGDG) and neutrally_charged lipid (PC) was high with a maximum enhancement of 89%, 75% and 77%, respectively; but the stimulation of two kinds of negatively_charged lipid (PG and SQDG) was relatively low with a maximum enhancement of 43% and 26%, respectively.展开更多
The thermal behaviors and burning characteristics of reconstituted tobacco （RT） are strongly related with evolved gaseous products. The effect of ammonium polyphosphate （APP） as an additive of RT on the pyrolysis ...The thermal behaviors and burning characteristics of reconstituted tobacco （RT） are strongly related with evolved gaseous products. The effect of ammonium polyphosphate （APP） as an additive of RT on the pyrolysis behavior and CO evolution was studied, emphasizing the role of heating velocity in reducing CO delivery of the mainstream smoke by APP. Thermogravimetric analysis （TGA） was employed to investigate the influence of APP on RT thermal behavior. Slow and flash pyrolysis of RT were compared to discuss the role of heating rate in decreasing CO by APP. TGA results demonstrated that, in dependence on APP concentration, APP influenced exothermal amount and weight loss rate during RT thermal decomposition, promoted the formation of char and retarded the thermal decomposition of RT. In addition, APP had a considerable influence on the evolution of gaseous products during thermal decomposition of RT. Both CO delivery per cigarette and that per puff in the smoking process were significantly reduced in dependence on APP content in RT. Comparative analysis of CO evolution patterns in the flash and slow pyrolysis elucidated that heating rate played a key role in decreasing CO evolution by APP. The results suggest that APP is a potential burning additive for controlling CO delivery in mainstream smoke of RT.展开更多
Based on analytical methods of strength studies for deep soils,direct shear tests were carried out to investigate the shear strength of deep reconstituted soils at different initial dry densities and amounts of water....Based on analytical methods of strength studies for deep soils,direct shear tests were carried out to investigate the shear strength of deep reconstituted soils at different initial dry densities and amounts of water.The results indicate that the shear strength of deep reconstituted soils for identical amounts of water below the plastic limit is enhanced with increasing dry density and but reduced sharply at the critical density,the point at which coarse particles break down.Moreover,the shear strength for identical dry density decreases with additional amounts of water and the rate of degradation is the greatest at the critical density.This is because the friction resistance between coarse particles reduces with increasing amounts of water higher than the plastic limit.In order to obtain reliable strength of deep reconstituted soils,suitable dry densities and amounts of water are necessary.展开更多
In this paper,experimental findings concerning the kinetics of hematopoietic reconstitution are compared to corresponding clinical data.Although not clearly apparent,the transplantation practice seems to confirm the b...In this paper,experimental findings concerning the kinetics of hematopoietic reconstitution are compared to corresponding clinical data.Although not clearly apparent,the transplantation practice seems to confirm the basic proposals of experimental hematology concerning hematopoietic reconstitution resulting from successive waves of repopulation stemming from different subpopulations of progenitor and stem cells.One of the "f irst rate" parameters in clinical transplantations in hematology;i.e.the CD34+ positive cell dose,has been discussed with respect to the functional heterogeneity and variability of cell populations endowed by expression of CD34.This parameter is useful only if the relative proportion of stem and progenitor cells in the CD34+ cell population is more or less maintained in a series of patients or donors.This proportion could vary with respect to the source,pathology,treatment,processing procedure,the graft ex vivo treatment and so on.Therefore,a universal dose of CD34+ cells cannot be def ined.In addition,to avoid further confusion,the CD34+ cells should not be named "stem cells" or "progenitor cells" since these denominations only concern functionally characterized cell entities.展开更多
T cells play a critical role in immunity to protect against pathogens and malignant cells.T cell immunodeficiency is detrimental,especially when T cell perturbation occurs during severe infection,irradiation,chemother...T cells play a critical role in immunity to protect against pathogens and malignant cells.T cell immunodeficiency is detrimental,especially when T cell perturbation occurs during severe infection,irradiation,chemotherapy,and age-related thymic atrophy.Therefore,strategies that enhance T cell reconstitution provide considerable benefit and warrant intensive investigation.Here,we report the construction of a T cell ablation model in Tg(coro1a:Den NTR)zebrafish via metronidazole administration.The nascent T cells are mainly derived from the hematopoietic cells migrated from the kidney,the functional homolog of bone marrow and the complete recovery time is 6.5 days post-treatment.The cxcr4b gene is upregulated in the responsive hematopoietic cells.Functional interference of CXCR4 via both genetic and chemical manipulations does not greatly affect T lymphopoiesis,but delays T cell regeneration by disrupting hematopoietic migration.In contrast,cxcr4b accelerates the replenishment of hematopoietic cells in the thymus.Consistently,Cxcl12b,a ligand of Cxcr4,is increased in the thymic epithelial cells of the injured animals.Decreased or increased expression of Cxcl12b results in compromised or accelerated T cell recovery,respectively,similar to those observed with Cxcr4b.Taken together,our study reveals a role of CXCR4-CXCL12 signaling in promoting T cell recovery and provides a promising target for the treatment of immunodeficiency due to T cell injury.展开更多
Differentiating pasteurized milk and reconsti-tuted milk by scientific approach was necessary to defend consumer from economic fraud of wrong labeling. In this paper 2DGE (2 Dimen-sional Gel Electrophoresis)-coomassie...Differentiating pasteurized milk and reconsti-tuted milk by scientific approach was necessary to defend consumer from economic fraud of wrong labeling. In this paper 2DGE (2 Dimen-sional Gel Electrophoresis)-coomassie brilliant blue staining method was employed and sig-nificant color intensity changing was observed among raw milk, pasteurized milk, UHT milk and reconstituted milk. For example, the intensity of 10 protein spots including casein and lac-toglobulin reduced more than two folds from pasteurized milk to reconstituted milk. However, DIGE (Differential Gel Electrophoresis) assay showed that the majority protein remained simi-lar level from pasteurized milk to reconstituted milk. Therefore the color fading of coomassie brilliant blue stained 2D gels may be due to other biochemical reaction, such as Maillard reaction, instead of protein degradation. Stability of 2DGE pattern was confirmed by running six gels of the same sample in parallel and software analysis showed that all proteins were at similar level. Two commercialized pasteurized milk samples and one reconstituted milk sample were tested by 2DGE-coomassie blue staining method and re-constituted milk could be easily identified.展开更多
Hematopoietic cell transplantation（HCT） is widely performed for neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases. HCT involves intravenous infusion of hematopoietic progenitor cells from human leukocyte antigen（HLA）-matched...Hematopoietic cell transplantation（HCT） is widely performed for neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases. HCT involves intravenous infusion of hematopoietic progenitor cells from human leukocyte antigen（HLA）-matched donor（allogeneic） or from the patient（autologous）. Before HCT, the patient is prepared with high dose chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy to destroy residual malignant cells and to reduce immunologic resistance. After HCT, chemotherapy is used to prevent graft rejection and graft versus host disease（Gv HD）. Neurological complications are related to the type of HCT, underlying disease, toxicity of the conditioning regimens, immunosuppression caused by conditioning regimens, vascular complications generated by thrombocytopenia and/or coagulopathy, Gv HD and inappropriate immune response. In this review, neurological complications are presented according to time of onset after HCT：（1） early complications（in the first month）-related to harvesting of stem cells, during conditioning（drug toxicity, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome）, related to pancytopenia,（2） intermediate phase complications（second to sixth month）-central nervous system infections caused by prolonged neutropenia and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy due to JC virus,（3） late phase complications（after sixth month）-neurological complications of Gv HD, second neoplasms and relapses of the original disease.展开更多
Objective To investigate the response on late stage Chinese AIDS patients after highly active antiretroviral therapy （HAART）. Methods From October 2002 to March 2004, 20 cases of late stage Chinese AIDS patients we...Objective To investigate the response on late stage Chinese AIDS patients after highly active antiretroviral therapy （HAART）. Methods From October 2002 to March 2004, 20 cases of late stage Chinese AIDS patients were selected to participate in this opened and randomised study, we purposely chose those with CD4＋ T cell counts 〈 100/mm^3. All of them had one or two opportunistic infections and none had been treated with anti-HIV drugs. All patients were tested with CD4＋ （naive CD4＋ T cell defined by CD45RA＋ and CD62L＋, memory CD4＋ T cell defined by CD45RA-）, CD8＋ T cell, plasma HIV viral load, and clinical manifestations on before, during, and after HAART （5 different regimes） on 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Before HAART mean CD4＋ T cell counts were 32 ± 31 （range 2-91）/mm^3, and plasma HIV viral load were 5.07 ± 0.85（range 2.04-5.70） log copies/mL. In 1 month＇s time patients treated with HAAT had mean CD4＋ and CD8＋ T cell counts increasing rapidly. After 1 month the increasing speed turned to slow down, but HIV viral load decreased predominantly within the first 3 months. The major part of increasing CD4＋ T cells were memory CD4＋ T cells, as for naive CD4＋ T cells increasing low and slow. Clinical symptoms and signs improved, and opportunistic infections reduced. The quality of life will be far much better than before. Each patient was followed for 12 months, and had finished 12 months＇ HAAT. Conclusion This is the first report in China that late stage Chinese AIDS patients after HAART could have their immune reconstitution. The regular pattern is similar to what had been reported in Western countries and also in China. So it is worth to treat late stage Chinese AIDS patients with HAAT.展开更多
BACKGROUND Bone marrow transplantation(BMT)can be applied to both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic diseases;nonetheless,it still comes with a number of challenges and limitations that contribute to treatment failure...BACKGROUND Bone marrow transplantation(BMT)can be applied to both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic diseases;nonetheless,it still comes with a number of challenges and limitations that contribute to treatment failure.Bearing this in mind,a possible way to increase the success rate of BMT would be cotransplantation of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)and hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs)to improve the bone marrow niche and secrete molecules that enhance the hematopoietic engraftment.AIM To analyze HSC and MSC characteristics and their interactions through cotransplantation in murine models.METHODS We searched for original articles indexed in PubMed and Scopus during the last decade that used HSC and MSC cotransplantation and in vivo BMT in animal models while evaluating cell engraftment.We excluded in vitro studies or studies that involved graft versus host disease or other hematological diseases and publications in languages other than English.In PubMed,we initially identified 555 articles and after selection,only 12 were chosen.In Scopus,2010 were identified,and six were left after the screening and eligibility process.RESULTS Of the 2565 articles found in the databases,only 18 original studies met the eligibility criteria.HSC distribution by source showed similar ratios,with human umbilical cord blood or animal bone marrow being administered mainly with a dose of 1×10^(7) cells by intravenous or intrabone routes.However,MSCs had a high prevalence of human donors with a variety of sources(umbilical cord blood,bone marrow,tonsil,adipose tissue or fetal lung),using a lower dose,mainly 106 cells and ranging 104 to 1.5×107 cells,utilizing the same routes.MSCs were characterized prior to administration in almost every experiment.The recipient used was mostly immunodeficient mice submitted to low-dose irradiation or chemotherapy.The main technique of engraftment for HSC and MSC cotransplantation evaluation was chimerism,followed by hematopoietic reconstitution and survival analysis.Besides the engraftment,homing and cellularity were also evaluated in some studies.CONCLUSION The preclinical findings validate the potential of MSCs to enable HSC engraftment in vivo in both xenogeneic and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation animal models,in the absence of toxicity.展开更多
Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), the dynamic process of the in vitro nucleosome reconstitution followed by slow dilution from high salt to low salt was visualized. Data showed that the histone octamers were dissoc...Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), the dynamic process of the in vitro nucleosome reconstitution followed by slow dilution from high salt to low salt was visualized. Data showed that the histone octamers were dissociated from DNA at 1M NaCl. When the salt concentration was slowly reduced to 650 mMand 300 mM, the core histones bound to the naked DNA gradually. Once the salt concentration was reduced to 50 mM the classic 'beads-on-a-string' structure was clearly visualized. Furthermore, using the technique of the in vitro reconstitution ofnucleosome,the mono- and di- nucleosomes were assembled in vitro with both HS2core (-10681 to -10970 bp) and NCR2 (-372to -194 bp) DNA sequences in the 5'flanking sequence of human b-globin gene. Data revealed that HMG 1/2 and HMG 14/17 proteins binding to both DNA sequences are changeable following the assembly and disassembly of nucleosomes. We suggest that the changeable binding patterns of HMG 14/17 and HMG1/2 proteins with these regulatory elements may be critical in the process of nucleosome assembly, recruitment of chromatin-modifying activities, and the regulation of human b-globin gene expression.展开更多
A thermostable superoxide dismutase （SOD） from the inshore thermophile Thermus sp. JM1 was purified to homogeneity by steps of fractional ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sepharose chromatography and Phenyl-Seph...A thermostable superoxide dismutase （SOD） from the inshore thermophile Thermus sp. JM1 was purified to homogeneity by steps of fractional ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sepharose chromatography and Phenyl-Sepharose chromatography. The specific activity of the purified native enzyme was 1 656 U/mg. A sod gene from this strain was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli （E. coli）. The prepared apo-enzyme of the purified recombinant SOD （rSOD） was reconstituted with either Fe or Mn by means of incubation with appropriate metal salts. As a result, only Mn 2＋ - reconstituted rSOD （Mn-rSOD） exhibited the specific activity of 1 598 U/mg. SOD from Thermus sp. JM1 was Mn-SOD, judging by the specific activities analysis of Fe or Mn reconstituted rSODs and the insensitivity of the native SOD to both cyanide and H 2 O 2 . Both the native SOD and Mn- rSOD were determined to be homotetramers with monomeric molecular mass of 26 kDa and 27.5 kDa, respectively. They had high thermostability at 50 ° C and 60 ° C, and showed striking stability across a wide pH span from 4.0 to 11.0.展开更多
Context: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) inhibits the HIV replication and consequently increases CD4 levels and decreases viral load. This immune system improvement can trigger various immunological pheno...Context: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) inhibits the HIV replication and consequently increases CD4 levels and decreases viral load. This immune system improvement can trigger various immunological phenomena, entity called Immune Reconstitution Syndrome (IRS). Graves’ disease is a late Immune Reconstitution consequence. Patient: We report the case of a 48 years old man with HIV infection who developed Graves’ disease three years after he was on effective HAART because of the Immune Reconstitution Syndrome. At presentation he had a very low CD4 T-cell count (17 cells/μL). When he started HAART he presented a lipodystrophy syndrome. HAART was changed because of the persistent low CD4-T cells count (less than 100 cell/μL). Afterwards serum lipid levels began to decrease and that was the first manifestation of Graves’ disease, which was diagnosed when CD4 T-cells increased up to 343 cell/μL. Our patient developed Graves’ disease 36 months after initiating effective HAART with protease inhibitors which was coincident with viral suppression and a rise of CD4 T cells. Conclusion: The most immunosuppressed patients with a CD4 T cell count less than 100 cells/μL are at greatest risk for the development of Immune Reconstitution Syndrome after HAART initiation. We conclude that clinicians will have to consider the importance of the early diagnosis of thyroid disease to bring an adequate treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Recent advancements in gene therapy have provided new methodology for treating ischemia in lower extremities. Gene transfer of angiogenic factors to ischemic tissues may promote local proliferation of new...BACKGROUND： Recent advancements in gene therapy have provided new methodology for treating ischemia in lower extremities. Gene transfer of angiogenic factors to ischemic tissues may promote local proliferation of new vessels and form collateral circulation. OBJECTIVE： To observe histopathological changes in the femoral and intramuscular nerve three months after intramuscular injection of hepatocyte growth factor （HGF） into the peripheral skeletal muscle in a canine model of lower limb ischemia. DESIGN： Randomized occlusion modelled and verification animal study. SETTING： Experimental Center, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS： This study was performed at Animal Experimental Center, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from September to November 2006. A total of eight male mongrel dogs, weighing 12–15 kg and 1.5–3 years of age, were selected for this study. This experimental study was in accordance with local ethics standards. Recombinant plasmid carrying HGF （pUDKH） and occlusion model plasmid （pUDK） were provided by the Third Laboratory of Radiation Medical Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences of PLA. METHODS： Grouping and model establishment： under anesthesia, complete vascular occlusion models were established on the left lower extremities. The experimental dogs were randomly divided into a model group and a pUDKH treatment group, with four dogs in each group. Dogs in the pUDKH group were injected with 0.15 mg/kg pUDKH. Ten minutes later, intramuscular injections were performed at three spots into the peripheral skeletal muscle of the left hind limb, as well as lateral injections at two spots. The injection volume at each spot was 0.2 mL. Dogs in the model group were injected with pUDK, and dosage and injection method were identical to the treatment group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Histopathological changes in the femoral nerve, as well as internal and external intramuscular nerve tissues in the hind limb of dogs three months after plasmid injection under optic microscope. RESULTS： （1） Histopathological changes in the femoral nerve： tiny nerves from the femoral nerve to the intramuscular nerve exhibited marked degeneration in the model group. The degenerating features included neurites, myelin sheaths, and Schwann cell nuclei. Neuropathy in the pUDKH treatment group was not detected. （2） Histopathological changes of the intramuscular nerve： large and irregular vacuoles were present on several longitudinal sections of intramuscular nerve fibers in the model group, as well as annular-shaped blank regions on transverse sections of peripheral neurites. In the pUDKH treatment group, large, blank regions were present in several segments of partial nerve fibers of the longitudinal intramuscular nerve region, but only a few nerve fibers exhibited annular-shaped blank regions on the transverse section of peripheral neurites. CONCLUSION： Local pUDKH injection may relieve or block femoral and intramuscular nerve tissue injury in a canine mocel of lower limb ischemia.展开更多
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is a rare etiology of the septic shock. Timely administration of the anti-microbial agents has shown mortality benefit. Prompt diagnosis and a high index of suspicion are crucial to the ma...BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is a rare etiology of the septic shock. Timely administration of the anti-microbial agents has shown mortality benefit. Prompt diagnosis and a high index of suspicion are crucial to the management. We present three cases of TBSS with poor outcome in the majority despite timely and susceptible antibiotic administration. CASE SUMMARY Sixty-seven-year-old woman with latent TB presented with fever, cough, and shortness of breath. She was promptly diagnosed with active TB and started on the appropriate anti-microbial regimen;she had a worsening clinical course with septic shock and multi-organ failure after initiation of antibiotics. Thirty-threeyear- old man immunocompromised with acquired immune deficiency syndrome presented with fever, anorexia and weight loss. He had no respiratory symptoms, and first chest X-ray was normal. He had enlarged liver, spleen and lymph nodes suspicious for lymphoma. Despite broad-spectrum antibiotics, he succumbed to refractory septic shock and multi-organ failure. It was shortly before his death that anti-TB antimicrobials were initiated based on pathology reports of bone marrow and lymph node biopsies. Forty-nine-year-old woman with asthma and latent TB admitted with cough and shortness of breath. Although Initial sputum analysis was negative, a subsequent broncho-alveolar lavage turned out to be positive for acid fast bacilli followed by initiation of susceptible ant-TB regimen. She had a downward spiral clinical course with shock, multi-organ failure and finally death. CONCLUSION Worse outcome despite timely initiation of appropriate antibiotics raises suspicion of TB immune reconstitution as a possible pathogenesis for TB septic shock.展开更多
文摘As China’s market-oriented economic reforms deepen, an urgent task lying ahead of us is to develop, standardize and improve the system of social security. What, however, is meant by a unified, standardized and perfect social security system? How can we institute such a system? These questions remain urgently in need of study.This then was the setting of a national seminar on "The Theory and Practice of
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12205300(H.S.),12405377(M.H.L))the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(2024M763694(M.H.L))+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2024JJ4027(H.S.))the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant Number GZB20240859(M.H.L)financial support from the Hunan Normal University Program(grant05311204666)financial support from the 2024 Large Instrument Testing Open Fund of Hunan Normal University(24CSY033,24CSY086)。
文摘The electrochemical conversion of nitrate,a widespread water pollutant,into valuable ammonia represents a green and decentralized approach to ammonia synthesis.However,the sluggish multielectronproton coupling path and the low reactive species(nitrate and proton)concentration at the catalyst interface inhibit the efficiency of ammonia production from nitrate reduction reaction(NitRR).Herein,we introduce a novel iron-based tandem catalyst encapsulated by reduced graphene oxide(denoted as Fe-rGO),with a superior ammonia production rate of 47.815 mg h^(-1)mg_(ca)^(t-1)and a high Faraday efficiency(FE)of 96.51%at an applied potential of-0.5 V.It also delivers a robust stability with FE above90%under a current density of 250 mA cm^(-2)for 50 h.In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals that the FeO_(x)is dynamically translated to Fe~0 site concurrently with the enhancement of the NH_(3)production rate,suggesting the Fe^(0) site as hydrogenation active center.The asymmetric distribution of surface charges of rGO not only enriches nitrate ions at the catalytic interface and promotes the hydrogenation process in NitRR,but also protects the iron species and ensures their stability during electrolysis.The Zn-NO_(3)^(-)battery demonstrates an impressive FE of 88.6%,highlighting its exceptional potential for practical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52278334 and 4197724)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No.2242024k30066).
文摘It has been well recognized that sand particles significantly affect the mechanical properties of reconstituted sandy clays,including the hosted clay and sand particles.However,interrelation between the permeability and compressibility of reconstituted sandy clays by considering the structural effects of sand particles is still rarely reported.For this,a series of consolidation-permeability coefficient tests were conducted on reconstituted sandy clays with different sand fractions(ψ_(ss)),initial void ratio of hosted clays(e_(c0))and void ratio at liquid limit of hosted clays(e_(cL)).The roles of ψ_(ss) in both the relationships of permeability coefficient of hosted clay(k_(v-hosted clay))versus effective vertical stress(σ'_(v))and void ratio of hosted clay(e_(c-hosted clay))versus σ'_(v) were analyzed.The results show that the permeability coefficient of reconstituted sandy clays(k_(v))is dominated by hosted clay(k_(v)=k_(v-hosted clay)).Both ψ_(ss) and σ'_(v) affect the k_(v) of sandy clays by changing the e_(c-hosted clay) at any given σ'_(v).Due to the partial contacts and densified clay bridges between the sand particles(i.e.structure effects),the e_(c-hosted clay) in sandy clays is higher than that in clays at the same σ'_(v)v.The k_(v)-e_(c-hosted clay) relationship of sandy clays is independent of σ'_(v) and ψ_(ss)but is a function of e_(cL).The types of hosted clays affect the k_(v) of sandy clays by changing the e_(cL).Based on the relationship between permeability coefficient and void ratio for the reconstituted clays,an empirical method for determining the k_(v) is proposed and validated for sandy clays.The predicted values are almost consistent with the measured values with k_(v-predicted)=k_(v-measured)=0.6-2.5.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82300857.
文摘BACKGROUND Patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)experience severe immune dysfunction.Liver transplantation(LT)significantly improves survival outcomes.However,the characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets(PBLSs)in this patient population are not well defined,and the dynamics of immune reconstitution post-LT are insufficiently understood.AIM To characterize PBLSs in patients with ACLF prior to LT and to evaluate PBLS reconstitution after LT.METHODS Clinical data from patients undergoing LT in the Transplantation Center,The Third Xiangya Hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were analyzed retrospectively.Our cohort comprised 44 patients with ACLF,16 patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis,and 23 patients with compensated cirrhosis.Twenty healthy volunteers were included as controls.PBLSs were evaluated across all groups.The relationship between PBLSs and post-LT prognosis was assessed,and dynamic changes in PBLSs among patients with ACLF were analyzed at different time points.RESULTS Patients with ACLF exhibited a marked reduction in PBLSs compared with healthy volunteers.Natural killer(NK)cell counts were further reduced in patients with ACLF when compared with patients with compensated cirrhosis.PBLSs did not correlate with the etiology or severity of ACLF or with established liver failure scores.Following LT,a rapid restoration of NK cells and B cells was observed in patients with ACLF.However,the cluster of differentiation(CD)3+T cell and CD4+T cell counts decreased 14 days post-LT and subsequently returned to preoperative levels by day 21.CONCLUSION Patients with ACLF exhibited markedly reduced PBLSs,with decreased NK cells potentially linked to progression from compensated cirrhosis to liver failure.NK and B cell were rapidly restored after LT.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82460391,82260397,32060177,82360328,82472266)the Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program(RLQB20220013,RLQN20230007)+7 种基金the Yunnan Health Training Project of High Level Talents(L-2024027)the Joint Special Fund of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province-Kunming Medical University(202201AY070001-046,202301AY070001-139,202401AY070001-237)the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(202201AT070292,202301AT070127)the 535 Talent Project of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University(2023535Q09,2024535Q01)the Fund of Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research(BJYAHKF2021001)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0490000)the First-Class Discipline Team of Kunming Medical University(2024XKTDYS09)Yunnan Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation(202449CE340016).
文摘Incomplete immune reconstitution occurs in 10%-40%of antiretroviral therapy(ART)-treated human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)patients.This subset of immunological non-responders(INRs)has yet to undergo a comprehensive analysis of immunological profiles,and no definitive cytological diag-nosis has been established.In this study,we comparatively analyzed the immunological profiles of INRs,immunological responders(IRs),and healthy control individuals(HCs)via single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)and single-cell T-cell receptor(TCR)repertoire sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs),and identified a relatively small population of mucosal-associated invariant T(MAIT)cells in INRs.This finding was recapitulated in rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus(SIV).Specifically,the population of the naïve MAIT cell subtype was significantly lower in INRs than in IRs,and the majority of MAIT cells were CD8^(+)cell subsets.Further characteristic analysis of MAIT cells via the transcriptome revealed decreased expression of cytotoxicity-related genes in INRs,while displaying increased expression of genes involved in TGF-β receptor signaling.In summary,by conducting a comparative analysis,this study revealed a corre-lation between the decreased proportion of naïve MAIT cells and impaired immune reconstitution in INRs.This finding highlights a particular cell subset that may play a pivotal role in the incomplete immune reconstitution,and suggests a plausible cellular target for the modulation of INRs.
文摘Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is a significant yet infrequent complication inpediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, occurring in approximately4% of cases. Its presentation typically coincides with immune reconstitution,between 6 weeks to 6 months post-transplant, emphasizing the need fortimely detection. Symptoms often develop insidiously, underscoring the role offundus examinations during episodes of CMV viremia. However, the low incidencechallenges the necessity of routine screenings, as they may strain clinicalresources without clear benefits to patient outcomes. Management includes systemicand intravitreal antivirals, such as ganciclovir and foscarnet, and adoptiveT-cell therapy for refractory cases. Tailored follow-up strategies are crucial, withconsiderations for lesion activity and CMV viremia status to determine theduration of therapy. Baseline and post-transplant screenings remain a topic ofdebate, with evolving guidelines needed to balance patient safety and clinicalfeasibility. Future research is needed to address optimal screening intervals andinvestigate the role of pre-existing CMV serostatus in transplant eligibility andoutcomes.
基金The State Key Basic Research and Development Plan(G1998010100)Innovative Foundation of Laboratory of Photosynthesis Basic Research Insitute of Botany,The Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘A lipid_depleted cytochrome b 6f (Cyt b 6f) preparation was obtained from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts. Upon reconstitution of this preparation with the membrane lipids purified from spinach thylakoid, the effects of different membrane lipids on the electron transfer activity were studied. The results show that the electron transfer activity of Cyt b 6f is obviously stimulated to different extents, respectively, by monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG), and that the extents of stimulation may be closely related to the charge of the membrane lipids. The stimulation of non_charged lipids (MGDG, DGDG) and neutrally_charged lipid (PC) was high with a maximum enhancement of 89%, 75% and 77%, respectively; but the stimulation of two kinds of negatively_charged lipid (PG and SQDG) was relatively low with a maximum enhancement of 43% and 26%, respectively.
文摘The thermal behaviors and burning characteristics of reconstituted tobacco （RT） are strongly related with evolved gaseous products. The effect of ammonium polyphosphate （APP） as an additive of RT on the pyrolysis behavior and CO evolution was studied, emphasizing the role of heating velocity in reducing CO delivery of the mainstream smoke by APP. Thermogravimetric analysis （TGA） was employed to investigate the influence of APP on RT thermal behavior. Slow and flash pyrolysis of RT were compared to discuss the role of heating rate in decreasing CO by APP. TGA results demonstrated that, in dependence on APP concentration, APP influenced exothermal amount and weight loss rate during RT thermal decomposition, promoted the formation of char and retarded the thermal decomposition of RT. In addition, APP had a considerable influence on the evolution of gaseous products during thermal decomposition of RT. Both CO delivery per cigarette and that per puff in the smoking process were significantly reduced in dependence on APP content in RT. Comparative analysis of CO evolution patterns in the flash and slow pyrolysis elucidated that heating rate played a key role in decreasing CO evolution by APP. The results suggest that APP is a potential burning additive for controlling CO delivery in mainstream smoke of RT.
基金Projects 50534040 supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China2006BAB16B01 by the Ministry of Science and Technology of ChinaCX08B_103Z by the Post Graduate Research Projects of Jiangsu Province
文摘Based on analytical methods of strength studies for deep soils,direct shear tests were carried out to investigate the shear strength of deep reconstituted soils at different initial dry densities and amounts of water.The results indicate that the shear strength of deep reconstituted soils for identical amounts of water below the plastic limit is enhanced with increasing dry density and but reduced sharply at the critical density,the point at which coarse particles break down.Moreover,the shear strength for identical dry density decreases with additional amounts of water and the rate of degradation is the greatest at the critical density.This is because the friction resistance between coarse particles reduces with increasing amounts of water higher than the plastic limit.In order to obtain reliable strength of deep reconstituted soils,suitable dry densities and amounts of water are necessary.
文摘In this paper,experimental findings concerning the kinetics of hematopoietic reconstitution are compared to corresponding clinical data.Although not clearly apparent,the transplantation practice seems to confirm the basic proposals of experimental hematology concerning hematopoietic reconstitution resulting from successive waves of repopulation stemming from different subpopulations of progenitor and stem cells.One of the "f irst rate" parameters in clinical transplantations in hematology;i.e.the CD34+ positive cell dose,has been discussed with respect to the functional heterogeneity and variability of cell populations endowed by expression of CD34.This parameter is useful only if the relative proportion of stem and progenitor cells in the CD34+ cell population is more or less maintained in a series of patients or donors.This proportion could vary with respect to the source,pathology,treatment,processing procedure,the graft ex vivo treatment and so on.Therefore,a universal dose of CD34+ cells cannot be def ined.In addition,to avoid further confusion,the CD34+ cells should not be named "stem cells" or "progenitor cells" since these denominations only concern functionally characterized cell entities.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Project(2019YFA802703)National Natural Science Foundation of China Grants(331822033,31771623,32000568)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities Grant(XDJK2020C041)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(CSTC2020JCYJMSXMX0104)。
文摘T cells play a critical role in immunity to protect against pathogens and malignant cells.T cell immunodeficiency is detrimental,especially when T cell perturbation occurs during severe infection,irradiation,chemotherapy,and age-related thymic atrophy.Therefore,strategies that enhance T cell reconstitution provide considerable benefit and warrant intensive investigation.Here,we report the construction of a T cell ablation model in Tg(coro1a:Den NTR)zebrafish via metronidazole administration.The nascent T cells are mainly derived from the hematopoietic cells migrated from the kidney,the functional homolog of bone marrow and the complete recovery time is 6.5 days post-treatment.The cxcr4b gene is upregulated in the responsive hematopoietic cells.Functional interference of CXCR4 via both genetic and chemical manipulations does not greatly affect T lymphopoiesis,but delays T cell regeneration by disrupting hematopoietic migration.In contrast,cxcr4b accelerates the replenishment of hematopoietic cells in the thymus.Consistently,Cxcl12b,a ligand of Cxcr4,is increased in the thymic epithelial cells of the injured animals.Decreased or increased expression of Cxcl12b results in compromised or accelerated T cell recovery,respectively,similar to those observed with Cxcr4b.Taken together,our study reveals a role of CXCR4-CXCL12 signaling in promoting T cell recovery and provides a promising target for the treatment of immunodeficiency due to T cell injury.
文摘Differentiating pasteurized milk and reconsti-tuted milk by scientific approach was necessary to defend consumer from economic fraud of wrong labeling. In this paper 2DGE (2 Dimen-sional Gel Electrophoresis)-coomassie brilliant blue staining method was employed and sig-nificant color intensity changing was observed among raw milk, pasteurized milk, UHT milk and reconstituted milk. For example, the intensity of 10 protein spots including casein and lac-toglobulin reduced more than two folds from pasteurized milk to reconstituted milk. However, DIGE (Differential Gel Electrophoresis) assay showed that the majority protein remained simi-lar level from pasteurized milk to reconstituted milk. Therefore the color fading of coomassie brilliant blue stained 2D gels may be due to other biochemical reaction, such as Maillard reaction, instead of protein degradation. Stability of 2DGE pattern was confirmed by running six gels of the same sample in parallel and software analysis showed that all proteins were at similar level. Two commercialized pasteurized milk samples and one reconstituted milk sample were tested by 2DGE-coomassie blue staining method and re-constituted milk could be easily identified.
文摘Hematopoietic cell transplantation（HCT） is widely performed for neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases. HCT involves intravenous infusion of hematopoietic progenitor cells from human leukocyte antigen（HLA）-matched donor（allogeneic） or from the patient（autologous）. Before HCT, the patient is prepared with high dose chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy to destroy residual malignant cells and to reduce immunologic resistance. After HCT, chemotherapy is used to prevent graft rejection and graft versus host disease（Gv HD）. Neurological complications are related to the type of HCT, underlying disease, toxicity of the conditioning regimens, immunosuppression caused by conditioning regimens, vascular complications generated by thrombocytopenia and/or coagulopathy, Gv HD and inappropriate immune response. In this review, neurological complications are presented according to time of onset after HCT：（1） early complications（in the first month）-related to harvesting of stem cells, during conditioning（drug toxicity, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome）, related to pancytopenia,（2） intermediate phase complications（second to sixth month）-central nervous system infections caused by prolonged neutropenia and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy due to JC virus,（3） late phase complications（after sixth month）-neurological complications of Gv HD, second neoplasms and relapses of the original disease.
文摘Objective To investigate the response on late stage Chinese AIDS patients after highly active antiretroviral therapy （HAART）. Methods From October 2002 to March 2004, 20 cases of late stage Chinese AIDS patients were selected to participate in this opened and randomised study, we purposely chose those with CD4＋ T cell counts 〈 100/mm^3. All of them had one or two opportunistic infections and none had been treated with anti-HIV drugs. All patients were tested with CD4＋ （naive CD4＋ T cell defined by CD45RA＋ and CD62L＋, memory CD4＋ T cell defined by CD45RA-）, CD8＋ T cell, plasma HIV viral load, and clinical manifestations on before, during, and after HAART （5 different regimes） on 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Before HAART mean CD4＋ T cell counts were 32 ± 31 （range 2-91）/mm^3, and plasma HIV viral load were 5.07 ± 0.85（range 2.04-5.70） log copies/mL. In 1 month＇s time patients treated with HAAT had mean CD4＋ and CD8＋ T cell counts increasing rapidly. After 1 month the increasing speed turned to slow down, but HIV viral load decreased predominantly within the first 3 months. The major part of increasing CD4＋ T cells were memory CD4＋ T cells, as for naive CD4＋ T cells increasing low and slow. Clinical symptoms and signs improved, and opportunistic infections reduced. The quality of life will be far much better than before. Each patient was followed for 12 months, and had finished 12 months＇ HAAT. Conclusion This is the first report in China that late stage Chinese AIDS patients after HAART could have their immune reconstitution. The regular pattern is similar to what had been reported in Western countries and also in China. So it is worth to treat late stage Chinese AIDS patients with HAAT.
基金Supported by CNPq,No.308901/2020,No.400856/2016-6FAPESP,No.2019/21070-3,No.2017/17868-4,No.2016/21470-3+2 种基金SisNANO 2.0/MCTIC,No.442539/2019-3the National Institute of Science and Technology Complex Fluids(INCT-FCx)“Amigos da Oncologia e Hematologia Einstein”AMIGOH.
文摘BACKGROUND Bone marrow transplantation(BMT)can be applied to both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic diseases;nonetheless,it still comes with a number of challenges and limitations that contribute to treatment failure.Bearing this in mind,a possible way to increase the success rate of BMT would be cotransplantation of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)and hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs)to improve the bone marrow niche and secrete molecules that enhance the hematopoietic engraftment.AIM To analyze HSC and MSC characteristics and their interactions through cotransplantation in murine models.METHODS We searched for original articles indexed in PubMed and Scopus during the last decade that used HSC and MSC cotransplantation and in vivo BMT in animal models while evaluating cell engraftment.We excluded in vitro studies or studies that involved graft versus host disease or other hematological diseases and publications in languages other than English.In PubMed,we initially identified 555 articles and after selection,only 12 were chosen.In Scopus,2010 were identified,and six were left after the screening and eligibility process.RESULTS Of the 2565 articles found in the databases,only 18 original studies met the eligibility criteria.HSC distribution by source showed similar ratios,with human umbilical cord blood or animal bone marrow being administered mainly with a dose of 1×10^(7) cells by intravenous or intrabone routes.However,MSCs had a high prevalence of human donors with a variety of sources(umbilical cord blood,bone marrow,tonsil,adipose tissue or fetal lung),using a lower dose,mainly 106 cells and ranging 104 to 1.5×107 cells,utilizing the same routes.MSCs were characterized prior to administration in almost every experiment.The recipient used was mostly immunodeficient mice submitted to low-dose irradiation or chemotherapy.The main technique of engraftment for HSC and MSC cotransplantation evaluation was chimerism,followed by hematopoietic reconstitution and survival analysis.Besides the engraftment,homing and cellularity were also evaluated in some studies.CONCLUSION The preclinical findings validate the potential of MSCs to enable HSC engraftment in vivo in both xenogeneic and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation animal models,in the absence of toxicity.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.39893320 and 39870378)the Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.Kj982-j1-618).
文摘Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), the dynamic process of the in vitro nucleosome reconstitution followed by slow dilution from high salt to low salt was visualized. Data showed that the histone octamers were dissociated from DNA at 1M NaCl. When the salt concentration was slowly reduced to 650 mMand 300 mM, the core histones bound to the naked DNA gradually. Once the salt concentration was reduced to 50 mM the classic 'beads-on-a-string' structure was clearly visualized. Furthermore, using the technique of the in vitro reconstitution ofnucleosome,the mono- and di- nucleosomes were assembled in vitro with both HS2core (-10681 to -10970 bp) and NCR2 (-372to -194 bp) DNA sequences in the 5'flanking sequence of human b-globin gene. Data revealed that HMG 1/2 and HMG 14/17 proteins binding to both DNA sequences are changeable following the assembly and disassembly of nucleosomes. We suggest that the changeable binding patterns of HMG 14/17 and HMG1/2 proteins with these regulatory elements may be critical in the process of nucleosome assembly, recruitment of chromatin-modifying activities, and the regulation of human b-globin gene expression.
基金The Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China under contract Nos 2008J0067 and 2009J01033the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Fujian Province University under contract No.NCETFJ-2007the Foundation for Innovative Research Team of Jimei University under contract No.2010A005
文摘A thermostable superoxide dismutase （SOD） from the inshore thermophile Thermus sp. JM1 was purified to homogeneity by steps of fractional ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sepharose chromatography and Phenyl-Sepharose chromatography. The specific activity of the purified native enzyme was 1 656 U/mg. A sod gene from this strain was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli （E. coli）. The prepared apo-enzyme of the purified recombinant SOD （rSOD） was reconstituted with either Fe or Mn by means of incubation with appropriate metal salts. As a result, only Mn 2＋ - reconstituted rSOD （Mn-rSOD） exhibited the specific activity of 1 598 U/mg. SOD from Thermus sp. JM1 was Mn-SOD, judging by the specific activities analysis of Fe or Mn reconstituted rSODs and the insensitivity of the native SOD to both cyanide and H 2 O 2 . Both the native SOD and Mn- rSOD were determined to be homotetramers with monomeric molecular mass of 26 kDa and 27.5 kDa, respectively. They had high thermostability at 50 ° C and 60 ° C, and showed striking stability across a wide pH span from 4.0 to 11.0.
文摘Context: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) inhibits the HIV replication and consequently increases CD4 levels and decreases viral load. This immune system improvement can trigger various immunological phenomena, entity called Immune Reconstitution Syndrome (IRS). Graves’ disease is a late Immune Reconstitution consequence. Patient: We report the case of a 48 years old man with HIV infection who developed Graves’ disease three years after he was on effective HAART because of the Immune Reconstitution Syndrome. At presentation he had a very low CD4 T-cell count (17 cells/μL). When he started HAART he presented a lipodystrophy syndrome. HAART was changed because of the persistent low CD4-T cells count (less than 100 cell/μL). Afterwards serum lipid levels began to decrease and that was the first manifestation of Graves’ disease, which was diagnosed when CD4 T-cells increased up to 343 cell/μL. Our patient developed Graves’ disease 36 months after initiating effective HAART with protease inhibitors which was coincident with viral suppression and a rise of CD4 T cells. Conclusion: The most immunosuppressed patients with a CD4 T cell count less than 100 cells/μL are at greatest risk for the development of Immune Reconstitution Syndrome after HAART initiation. We conclude that clinicians will have to consider the importance of the early diagnosis of thyroid disease to bring an adequate treatment.
基金the Foundation of High-Tech Key Project of the National 863 Program, No. 2001AA217061
文摘BACKGROUND： Recent advancements in gene therapy have provided new methodology for treating ischemia in lower extremities. Gene transfer of angiogenic factors to ischemic tissues may promote local proliferation of new vessels and form collateral circulation. OBJECTIVE： To observe histopathological changes in the femoral and intramuscular nerve three months after intramuscular injection of hepatocyte growth factor （HGF） into the peripheral skeletal muscle in a canine model of lower limb ischemia. DESIGN： Randomized occlusion modelled and verification animal study. SETTING： Experimental Center, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS： This study was performed at Animal Experimental Center, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from September to November 2006. A total of eight male mongrel dogs, weighing 12–15 kg and 1.5–3 years of age, were selected for this study. This experimental study was in accordance with local ethics standards. Recombinant plasmid carrying HGF （pUDKH） and occlusion model plasmid （pUDK） were provided by the Third Laboratory of Radiation Medical Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences of PLA. METHODS： Grouping and model establishment： under anesthesia, complete vascular occlusion models were established on the left lower extremities. The experimental dogs were randomly divided into a model group and a pUDKH treatment group, with four dogs in each group. Dogs in the pUDKH group were injected with 0.15 mg/kg pUDKH. Ten minutes later, intramuscular injections were performed at three spots into the peripheral skeletal muscle of the left hind limb, as well as lateral injections at two spots. The injection volume at each spot was 0.2 mL. Dogs in the model group were injected with pUDK, and dosage and injection method were identical to the treatment group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Histopathological changes in the femoral nerve, as well as internal and external intramuscular nerve tissues in the hind limb of dogs three months after plasmid injection under optic microscope. RESULTS： （1） Histopathological changes in the femoral nerve： tiny nerves from the femoral nerve to the intramuscular nerve exhibited marked degeneration in the model group. The degenerating features included neurites, myelin sheaths, and Schwann cell nuclei. Neuropathy in the pUDKH treatment group was not detected. （2） Histopathological changes of the intramuscular nerve： large and irregular vacuoles were present on several longitudinal sections of intramuscular nerve fibers in the model group, as well as annular-shaped blank regions on transverse sections of peripheral neurites. In the pUDKH treatment group, large, blank regions were present in several segments of partial nerve fibers of the longitudinal intramuscular nerve region, but only a few nerve fibers exhibited annular-shaped blank regions on the transverse section of peripheral neurites. CONCLUSION： Local pUDKH injection may relieve or block femoral and intramuscular nerve tissue injury in a canine mocel of lower limb ischemia.
文摘BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is a rare etiology of the septic shock. Timely administration of the anti-microbial agents has shown mortality benefit. Prompt diagnosis and a high index of suspicion are crucial to the management. We present three cases of TBSS with poor outcome in the majority despite timely and susceptible antibiotic administration. CASE SUMMARY Sixty-seven-year-old woman with latent TB presented with fever, cough, and shortness of breath. She was promptly diagnosed with active TB and started on the appropriate anti-microbial regimen;she had a worsening clinical course with septic shock and multi-organ failure after initiation of antibiotics. Thirty-threeyear- old man immunocompromised with acquired immune deficiency syndrome presented with fever, anorexia and weight loss. He had no respiratory symptoms, and first chest X-ray was normal. He had enlarged liver, spleen and lymph nodes suspicious for lymphoma. Despite broad-spectrum antibiotics, he succumbed to refractory septic shock and multi-organ failure. It was shortly before his death that anti-TB antimicrobials were initiated based on pathology reports of bone marrow and lymph node biopsies. Forty-nine-year-old woman with asthma and latent TB admitted with cough and shortness of breath. Although Initial sputum analysis was negative, a subsequent broncho-alveolar lavage turned out to be positive for acid fast bacilli followed by initiation of susceptible ant-TB regimen. She had a downward spiral clinical course with shock, multi-organ failure and finally death. CONCLUSION Worse outcome despite timely initiation of appropriate antibiotics raises suspicion of TB immune reconstitution as a possible pathogenesis for TB septic shock.
