In recent years,as the dimensions of the conventional semiconductor technology is approaching the physical limits,while the multifunction circuits are restricted by the relatively fixed characteristics of the traditio...In recent years,as the dimensions of the conventional semiconductor technology is approaching the physical limits,while the multifunction circuits are restricted by the relatively fixed characteristics of the traditional metal−oxide−semiconductor field-effect transistors,reconfigurable devices that can realize reconfigurable characteristics and multiple functions at device level have been seen as a promising method to improve integration density and reduce power consumption.Owing to the ultrathin structure,effective control of the electronic characteristics and ability to modulate structural defects,two-dimensional(2D)materials have been widely used to fabricate reconfigurable devices.In this review,we summarize the working principles and related logic applications of reconfigurable devices based on 2D materials,including generating tunable anti-ambipolar responses and demonstrating nonvolatile operations.Furthermore,we discuss the analog signal processing applications of anti-ambipolar transistors and the artificial intelligence hardware implementations based on reconfigurable transistors and memristors,respectively,therefore highlighting the outstanding advantages of reconfigurable devices in footprint,energy consumption and performance.Finally,we discuss the challenges of the 2D materials-based reconfigurable devices.展开更多
Charge trapping devices incorporating 2D materials and high-κdielectrics have emerged as promising candidates for compact,multifunctional memory devices compatible with silicon-based manufacturing processes.However,t...Charge trapping devices incorporating 2D materials and high-κdielectrics have emerged as promising candidates for compact,multifunctional memory devices compatible with silicon-based manufacturing processes.However,traditional charge trapping devices encounter bottlenecks including complex device structure and low operation speed.Here,we demonstrate an ultrafast reconfigurable direct charge trapping device utilizing only a 30 nm-thick Al_(2)O_(3)trapping layer with a MoS_(2)channel,where charge traps reside within the Al_(2)O_(3)bulk confirmed by transfer curves with different gatevoltage sweeping rates and photoluminescence(PL)spectra.The direct charging tapping device shows exceptional memory performance in both three-terminal and two-terminal operation modes characterized by ultrafast three-terminal operation speed(~300 ns),an extremely low OFF current of 10^(-14)A,a high ON/OFF current ratio of up to 10^(7),and stable retention and endurance properties.Furthermore,the device with a simple symmetrical structure exhibits VDpolarity-dependent reverse rectification behavior in the high resistance state(HRS),with a rectification ratio of 10^(5).Additionally,utilizing the synergistic modulation of the conductance of the MoS_(2)channel by V_(D)and V_(G),it achieves gate-tunable reverse rectifier and ternary logic capabilities.展开更多
<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Positively and negatively charged polyelectrolytes, namely, Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and Poly(styrene ...<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Positively and negatively charged polyelectrolytes, namely, Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and Poly(styrene sulfonate), respectively, were employed to disperse and deploy negatively charged quantum dots on an otherwise passive metamaterial structure with a resonant frequency of 0.62 THz, by employing a layer-by-layer, self-assembly scheme. Upon exposure to a UV source with a wavelength of 365 nm the amplitude modulation was observed to increase with increases in the number of deposited bi-layers, until a modulation maximum of 2.68% was recorded enabling an all-optical, dynamically reconfigurable metamaterial geometry. Furthermore, amplitude modulation was subsequently observed to decrease with further increases in the number of layers employed due to quenching and shadowing effects. The experimental observations reported herein will enable the utilization of all-optical reconfigurable THz devices for communication and data transmission applications.展开更多
This paper presents an integrated on line learning system to evolve programmable logic array (PLA) controllers for navigating an autonomous robot in a two dimensional environment. The integrated on line learning sy...This paper presents an integrated on line learning system to evolve programmable logic array (PLA) controllers for navigating an autonomous robot in a two dimensional environment. The integrated on line learning system consists of two learning modules: one is the module of reinforcement learning based on temporal difference learning based on genetic algorithms, and the other is the module of evolutionary learning based on genetic algorithms. The control rules extracted from the module of reinforcement learning can be used as input to the module of evolutionary learning, and quickly implemented by the PLA through on line evolution. The on line evolution has shown promise as a method of learning systems in complex environment. The evolved PLA controllers can successfully navigate the robot to a target in the two dimensional environment while avoiding collisions with randomly positioned obstacles.展开更多
Reconfigurable memristors featuring neural and synaptic functions hold great potential for neuromorphic circuits by simplifying system architecture,cutting power consumption,and boosting computational efficiency.Build...Reconfigurable memristors featuring neural and synaptic functions hold great potential for neuromorphic circuits by simplifying system architecture,cutting power consumption,and boosting computational efficiency.Building upon these attributes,their additive manufacturing on sustainable substrates further offers unique advantages for future electronics,including low environmental impact.Here,exploiting the structure–property relationship of inkjet-printed MoS_(2) nanoflake-based resistive layer,we present paper-based reconfigurable memristors.We demonstrate a sustainable process covering material exfoliation,device fabrication,and device recycling.With>90%yield from a 16×65 device array,our memristors demonstrate robust resistive switching,with>10^(5) ON–OFF ratio and<0.5 V operation in non-volatile state.Through modulation of compliance current,the devices transition into a volatile state,with only 50 pW switching power consumption.These performances rival state-ofthe-art metal oxide-based counterparts.We show device recyclability and stable,reconfigurable operation following disassembly,material collection and re-fabrication.We further demonstrate synaptic plasticity and neuronal leaky integrate-and-fire functionality,with disposable applications in smart packaging and simulated medical image diagnostics.Our work shows a sustainable pathway toward printable,reconfigurable neuromorphic devices,with minimal environmental footprints.展开更多
Reconfigurable silicon microrings have garnered significant interest for addressing challenges in artificial intelligence,the Internet of Things,and telecommunications due to their versatile capabilities.Compared to e...Reconfigurable silicon microrings have garnered significant interest for addressing challenges in artificial intelligence,the Internet of Things,and telecommunications due to their versatile capabilities.Compared to electrooptic(EO)and thermo-optic(TO)devices,emerging micro-electromechanical systems(MEMS)-based reconfigurable silicon photonic devices actuated by electrostatic forces offer near-zero static power consumption.This study proposes and implements novel designs for fully reconfigurable silicon photonic MEMS microrings for high-speed dense wavelength division multiplexing(DWDM)elastic networks.The designs include an all-pass microring with a 7 nm free spectral range(FSR)and full-FSR resonance tuning range,an add-drop microring with a 3.5 nm FSR and full-FSR tuning range,and an add-drop double-microring with a 34 nm FSR,wide-range discrete resonance tunability,and flat-top tunability.These advancements hold promise for practical applications.展开更多
The rapid expansion of two-dimensional(2D)van der Waals semiconductors has enabled new possibilities for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic technologies.However,the absence of robust,scalable,and CMOS-compa...The rapid expansion of two-dimensional(2D)van der Waals semiconductors has enabled new possibilities for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic technologies.However,the absence of robust,scalable,and CMOS-compatible doping strategies remains a key bottleneck for their circuit-level integration.Conventional doping techniques,such as ion implantation and substitutional doping,are fundamentally incompatible with atomically thin crystals due to lattice damage,poor dopant activation,and limited spatial precision.In this context,photodoping has emerged as a promising alternative,offering noninvasive,reversible,and highly tunable modulation of carrier density through light–matter interactions without compromising structural integrity.By precisely controlling illumination parameters and employing optical patterning techniques,photodoping offers nanometer-scale spatial resolution and enables programmable modulation of doping polarity and carrier concentration.Moreover,specific mechanisms allow for nonvolatile doping states through longlived charge trapping effects.This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in photodoping strategies for 2D materials,encompassing device configurations,physical mechanisms,and state-of-the-art characterization methods.We further highlight emerging applications in multifunctional transistors,photodetectors,memory,neuromorphic,and reconfigurable devices,and discuss the challenges and future prospects of integrating photodoping into large-scale 2D material platforms.展开更多
Reconfigurable devices with customized functionalities hold great potential in addressing the scaling limits of silicon-based field-effect transistors(FETs).The conventional reconfigurable FETs are limited to the appl...Reconfigurable devices with customized functionalities hold great potential in addressing the scaling limits of silicon-based field-effect transistors(FETs).The conventional reconfigurable FETs are limited to the applications in logic circuits,and the commonly used multi-gate programming strategies often lead to high power consumption and device complexity.Here,we report a reconfigurable WSe_(2) optoelectronic device that can function as photodiode,artificial synapse,and 2-bit memory in a single device,enabled by an asymmetric floating gate(AFG)that can continuously program the device into different homojunction modes.The lateral p-n homojunction formed in the AFG device exhibits high-performance self-powered photodetection,with a responsivity over 0.17 A·W^(-1) and a wide detection spectral range from violet to near-infrared region.The AFG device can also mimic synaptic features of biological synapses and achieve distinct potentiation/depression behaviors under the modulation of both drain-source bias and light illumination.Moreover,when working as a 2-bit memory via the transition between n-n+and p-n homojunctions,the AFG device shows four distinct conductive states with a high on/off current ratio over 106 and good repeatability.Combining reduced processing complexity and reconfigurable functionalities,the WSe_(2) AFG devices demonstrate great potential towards high-performance photoelectric interconnected circuits.展开更多
A new amplitude-only synthesis approach in quintuple electric dipoles(EDs)is proposed to enable the regulation of power flow in the azimuthal plane.The regulation methodology is investigated analytically with double E...A new amplitude-only synthesis approach in quintuple electric dipoles(EDs)is proposed to enable the regulation of power flow in the azimuthal plane.The regulation methodology is investigated analytically with double ED,triple ED and quintuple ED models.First,when the phase difference between the EDs switches,the double ED model,acting as a reconfigurable source,can work in two modes with different power flow directions,i.e.,unidirectional mode and bidirectional mode.Then,from the triple ED model,it is verified that the power flow in the two working modes can be regulated to the desired direction in the azimuthal plane with high precision by controlling the feeding amplitudes of the dipoles.Moreover,a quintuple ED model is developed to enhance the symmetry and consistency of the power flow regulation in the plane.Finally,a prototype of the azimuthal beam steering system,including digitally controlled radio-frequency(RF)frontend tuning circuits,optimized practical feeding elements,and an end-fire radiator,is designed,fabricated and measured.Both unidirectional and bidirectional modes are observed,and satisfactory single-beam and dual-beam steering performance in the azimuthal plane is achieved.Unlike most phased arrays that realize beam steering by configuring phases,the beam steering of the proposed reconfigurable source in each mode can be arbitrarily synthesized only by the amplitudes of the quintuple feeding elements,which provides a new route for realizing low-cost and multifunctional beam-steering systems.展开更多
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant nos.2024YFA1409700 and 2023YFA1407000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.62374158).
文摘In recent years,as the dimensions of the conventional semiconductor technology is approaching the physical limits,while the multifunction circuits are restricted by the relatively fixed characteristics of the traditional metal−oxide−semiconductor field-effect transistors,reconfigurable devices that can realize reconfigurable characteristics and multiple functions at device level have been seen as a promising method to improve integration density and reduce power consumption.Owing to the ultrathin structure,effective control of the electronic characteristics and ability to modulate structural defects,two-dimensional(2D)materials have been widely used to fabricate reconfigurable devices.In this review,we summarize the working principles and related logic applications of reconfigurable devices based on 2D materials,including generating tunable anti-ambipolar responses and demonstrating nonvolatile operations.Furthermore,we discuss the analog signal processing applications of anti-ambipolar transistors and the artificial intelligence hardware implementations based on reconfigurable transistors and memristors,respectively,therefore highlighting the outstanding advantages of reconfigurable devices in footprint,energy consumption and performance.Finally,we discuss the challenges of the 2D materials-based reconfigurable devices.
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Project of China(Grant No.2022YFA1204100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62488201)+1 种基金CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.YSBR-003)the Innovation Program of Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0302700)。
文摘Charge trapping devices incorporating 2D materials and high-κdielectrics have emerged as promising candidates for compact,multifunctional memory devices compatible with silicon-based manufacturing processes.However,traditional charge trapping devices encounter bottlenecks including complex device structure and low operation speed.Here,we demonstrate an ultrafast reconfigurable direct charge trapping device utilizing only a 30 nm-thick Al_(2)O_(3)trapping layer with a MoS_(2)channel,where charge traps reside within the Al_(2)O_(3)bulk confirmed by transfer curves with different gatevoltage sweeping rates and photoluminescence(PL)spectra.The direct charging tapping device shows exceptional memory performance in both three-terminal and two-terminal operation modes characterized by ultrafast three-terminal operation speed(~300 ns),an extremely low OFF current of 10^(-14)A,a high ON/OFF current ratio of up to 10^(7),and stable retention and endurance properties.Furthermore,the device with a simple symmetrical structure exhibits VDpolarity-dependent reverse rectification behavior in the high resistance state(HRS),with a rectification ratio of 10^(5).Additionally,utilizing the synergistic modulation of the conductance of the MoS_(2)channel by V_(D)and V_(G),it achieves gate-tunable reverse rectifier and ternary logic capabilities.
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Positively and negatively charged polyelectrolytes, namely, Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and Poly(styrene sulfonate), respectively, were employed to disperse and deploy negatively charged quantum dots on an otherwise passive metamaterial structure with a resonant frequency of 0.62 THz, by employing a layer-by-layer, self-assembly scheme. Upon exposure to a UV source with a wavelength of 365 nm the amplitude modulation was observed to increase with increases in the number of deposited bi-layers, until a modulation maximum of 2.68% was recorded enabling an all-optical, dynamically reconfigurable metamaterial geometry. Furthermore, amplitude modulation was subsequently observed to decrease with further increases in the number of layers employed due to quenching and shadowing effects. The experimental observations reported herein will enable the utilization of all-optical reconfigurable THz devices for communication and data transmission applications.
文摘This paper presents an integrated on line learning system to evolve programmable logic array (PLA) controllers for navigating an autonomous robot in a two dimensional environment. The integrated on line learning system consists of two learning modules: one is the module of reinforcement learning based on temporal difference learning based on genetic algorithms, and the other is the module of evolutionary learning based on genetic algorithms. The control rules extracted from the module of reinforcement learning can be used as input to the module of evolutionary learning, and quickly implemented by the PLA through on line evolution. The on line evolution has shown promise as a method of learning systems in complex environment. The evolved PLA controllers can successfully navigate the robot to a target in the two dimensional environment while avoiding collisions with randomly positioned obstacles.
基金Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council,Grant/Award Numbers:EP/T014601/1,EP/L016087/1China Scholarship Council+4 种基金Royal Society,Grant/Award Number:NIF-R1-211458Marie Vergottis Cambridge TrustJesus College Embiricos TrustCambridge Royce facilities,Grant/Award Number:EP/P024947/1Sir Henry Royce Institute-recurrent,Grant/Award Number:EP/R00661X/1。
文摘Reconfigurable memristors featuring neural and synaptic functions hold great potential for neuromorphic circuits by simplifying system architecture,cutting power consumption,and boosting computational efficiency.Building upon these attributes,their additive manufacturing on sustainable substrates further offers unique advantages for future electronics,including low environmental impact.Here,exploiting the structure–property relationship of inkjet-printed MoS_(2) nanoflake-based resistive layer,we present paper-based reconfigurable memristors.We demonstrate a sustainable process covering material exfoliation,device fabrication,and device recycling.With>90%yield from a 16×65 device array,our memristors demonstrate robust resistive switching,with>10^(5) ON–OFF ratio and<0.5 V operation in non-volatile state.Through modulation of compliance current,the devices transition into a volatile state,with only 50 pW switching power consumption.These performances rival state-ofthe-art metal oxide-based counterparts.We show device recyclability and stable,reconfigurable operation following disassembly,material collection and re-fabrication.We further demonstrate synaptic plasticity and neuronal leaky integrate-and-fire functionality,with disposable applications in smart packaging and simulated medical image diagnostics.Our work shows a sustainable pathway toward printable,reconfigurable neuromorphic devices,with minimal environmental footprints.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFB2908302)National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(61725503)+5 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23B2047,62321166651,92150302,62375240)Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang(2021R01001)Zhejiang Provincial Major Research and Development Program(2021C01199)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ22F050006)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesStartup Foundation for Hundred-Talent Program of Zhejiang University。
文摘Reconfigurable silicon microrings have garnered significant interest for addressing challenges in artificial intelligence,the Internet of Things,and telecommunications due to their versatile capabilities.Compared to electrooptic(EO)and thermo-optic(TO)devices,emerging micro-electromechanical systems(MEMS)-based reconfigurable silicon photonic devices actuated by electrostatic forces offer near-zero static power consumption.This study proposes and implements novel designs for fully reconfigurable silicon photonic MEMS microrings for high-speed dense wavelength division multiplexing(DWDM)elastic networks.The designs include an all-pass microring with a 7 nm free spectral range(FSR)and full-FSR resonance tuning range,an add-drop microring with a 3.5 nm FSR and full-FSR tuning range,and an add-drop double-microring with a 34 nm FSR,wide-range discrete resonance tunability,and flat-top tunability.These advancements hold promise for practical applications.
基金supported by the open research of Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory(Grant No.2023SLABFK07)the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62304151,No.62204170,and No.62474124)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(Grant No.24JCQNJC00520)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M742585)the State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems under Grant(No.GZKF-202327).
文摘The rapid expansion of two-dimensional(2D)van der Waals semiconductors has enabled new possibilities for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic technologies.However,the absence of robust,scalable,and CMOS-compatible doping strategies remains a key bottleneck for their circuit-level integration.Conventional doping techniques,such as ion implantation and substitutional doping,are fundamentally incompatible with atomically thin crystals due to lattice damage,poor dopant activation,and limited spatial precision.In this context,photodoping has emerged as a promising alternative,offering noninvasive,reversible,and highly tunable modulation of carrier density through light–matter interactions without compromising structural integrity.By precisely controlling illumination parameters and employing optical patterning techniques,photodoping offers nanometer-scale spatial resolution and enables programmable modulation of doping polarity and carrier concentration.Moreover,specific mechanisms allow for nonvolatile doping states through longlived charge trapping effects.This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in photodoping strategies for 2D materials,encompassing device configurations,physical mechanisms,and state-of-the-art characterization methods.We further highlight emerging applications in multifunctional transistors,photodetectors,memory,neuromorphic,and reconfigurable devices,and discuss the challenges and future prospects of integrating photodoping into large-scale 2D material platforms.
基金Authors acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2032147,21872100,and 11727902)Ministry of Education(MOE),Singapore(No.MOE-T2EP50220-0001)the Science and Engineering Research Council of A*STAR(Agency for Science,Technology,and Research)Singapore(No.A20G9b0135).
文摘Reconfigurable devices with customized functionalities hold great potential in addressing the scaling limits of silicon-based field-effect transistors(FETs).The conventional reconfigurable FETs are limited to the applications in logic circuits,and the commonly used multi-gate programming strategies often lead to high power consumption and device complexity.Here,we report a reconfigurable WSe_(2) optoelectronic device that can function as photodiode,artificial synapse,and 2-bit memory in a single device,enabled by an asymmetric floating gate(AFG)that can continuously program the device into different homojunction modes.The lateral p-n homojunction formed in the AFG device exhibits high-performance self-powered photodetection,with a responsivity over 0.17 A·W^(-1) and a wide detection spectral range from violet to near-infrared region.The AFG device can also mimic synaptic features of biological synapses and achieve distinct potentiation/depression behaviors under the modulation of both drain-source bias and light illumination.Moreover,when working as a 2-bit memory via the transition between n-n+and p-n homojunctions,the AFG device shows four distinct conductive states with a high on/off current ratio over 106 and good repeatability.Combining reduced processing complexity and reconfigurable functionalities,the WSe_(2) AFG devices demonstrate great potential towards high-performance photoelectric interconnected circuits.
文摘A new amplitude-only synthesis approach in quintuple electric dipoles(EDs)is proposed to enable the regulation of power flow in the azimuthal plane.The regulation methodology is investigated analytically with double ED,triple ED and quintuple ED models.First,when the phase difference between the EDs switches,the double ED model,acting as a reconfigurable source,can work in two modes with different power flow directions,i.e.,unidirectional mode and bidirectional mode.Then,from the triple ED model,it is verified that the power flow in the two working modes can be regulated to the desired direction in the azimuthal plane with high precision by controlling the feeding amplitudes of the dipoles.Moreover,a quintuple ED model is developed to enhance the symmetry and consistency of the power flow regulation in the plane.Finally,a prototype of the azimuthal beam steering system,including digitally controlled radio-frequency(RF)frontend tuning circuits,optimized practical feeding elements,and an end-fire radiator,is designed,fabricated and measured.Both unidirectional and bidirectional modes are observed,and satisfactory single-beam and dual-beam steering performance in the azimuthal plane is achieved.Unlike most phased arrays that realize beam steering by configuring phases,the beam steering of the proposed reconfigurable source in each mode can be arbitrarily synthesized only by the amplitudes of the quintuple feeding elements,which provides a new route for realizing low-cost and multifunctional beam-steering systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(62274093,62005119,61991431,62341408 and 61921005)the Excellent Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Scientific Committee(BK20211538)。
