On April 2, 2017, the world will celebrate the ninth annual World Autism Awareness Day. In honor of this occasion,Neuroscience Bulletin has put together a Special Issue of reviews and primary research articles focusin...On April 2, 2017, the world will celebrate the ninth annual World Autism Awareness Day. In honor of this occasion,Neuroscience Bulletin has put together a Special Issue of reviews and primary research articles focusing on autism spectrum disorder（ASD）.展开更多
This paper summarizes main progresses made in tropical cyclone research field in China in the past few years after the 8th five year program of China. New achievements have been made on tropical cyclone (hereafter ref...This paper summarizes main progresses made in tropical cyclone research field in China in the past few years after the 8th five year program of China. New achievements have been made on tropical cyclone (hereafter referred as TC) structure, numerical prediction, evaluation of operational numerical model, TC–caused heavy rain, TC climate features and disasters, etc.展开更多
Severe brain injury can lead to disorders of consciousness （DOCs）. Since DOC patients cannot communicate functionally or behave purposefully, most remain bedridden and require laborious care. The medical community i...Severe brain injury can lead to disorders of consciousness （DOCs）. Since DOC patients cannot communicate functionally or behave purposefully, most remain bedridden and require laborious care. The medical community is often confronted with the expectations of the families of chronic DOC patients, and the social, economic, and ethical consequences are tremendous. Research on DOCs is attracting increasing attention from scientists and physicians in various fields. With the development of modern neuroimaging and neuromodulation techniques, much progress has been made in the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of DOCs in the last decade.展开更多
Serious hearing and balance impairments can occur as a result of loss of hair cells related to aging, environmental stresses(such as noises exposure) or exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs(such as cisplatin and aminogl...Serious hearing and balance impairments can occur as a result of loss of hair cells related to aging, environmental stresses(such as noises exposure) or exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs(such as cisplatin and aminoglycoside antibiotics). Because a large portion of hearing impairment involves loss of hair cells, regeneration or replacement of these cells is a possible alternative to prosthetic devices1. Researchers have paid hot attention to the study of inner ear hair cell regeneration for hearing restoration for many years. Besides the important function of hair cells, there are many other contributors essential for normal hearing. Hair cell regeneration is one of the essential steps for total hearing recovery, but not the only one. In this article, we will review the progresses in research on hearing loss, stem cell application and hearing restoration.展开更多
Five catalytic processes and their catalysts will be introduced in my talk. Firstly,the demonstration test(3000 ton/a)results using a novel catalyst Co/SiO2 with egg-shell structure and the strategies for this catalys...Five catalytic processes and their catalysts will be introduced in my talk. Firstly,the demonstration test(3000 ton/a)results using a novel catalyst Co/SiO2 with egg-shell structure and the strategies for this catalyst preparation based on the issues from the mass transfer of produced wax from F-T synthesis will be discussed. Recent progresses on C2-oxygenate synthesis from syngas over a Rh/SiO2 catalyst and a 10 thousands ton/a demonstration test facility in China will be built in 2010 will be reported in the second section. A naphtha and diesel distillate which cut off the heavier end of S-F-A distribution direct synthesis with low methane selectivity from syngas over a Co/AC1 catalyst and a 10000 ton/a demonstration test with a bubble column slurry reactor will be talked about in this speech. A high α-alcohols of C2-C18 direct synthesis with more than 50 wt% selectivity and low methane and methanol selectivities from syngas over a Co2C/AC2 catalyst,a 3000 ton/a demonstration test with a bubble column slurry reactor and the primary fundamental understandings will be detailedly discussed in the forth section. In situ formation of homogeneous active sites on the surface of supported Rh heterogeneous catalysts and their application in hydroformylation of olefins will be introduced in fifth section.展开更多
Anion exchange membrane(AEM),as a kind of key membrane materials,has shown great application potential in many electrochemical fields,and remarkable progress has been made in related research in recent years.In this p...Anion exchange membrane(AEM),as a kind of key membrane materials,has shown great application potential in many electrochemical fields,and remarkable progress has been made in related research in recent years.In this paper,the research status of AEM is reviewed,including its material design,preparation method,performance optimization and application in the fields of hydrogen production by electrolytic water,fuel cell and water treatment.In terms of material design,new polymer skeleton structures are emerging to regulate the stability of ion conduction channels and membranes by introducing specific functional groups or changing the molecular chain structure.The preparation methods have been gradually expanded from the traditional solution casting method to more advanced technologies,such as interfacial polymerization and electrostatic spinning,which effectively improve the microstructure and property uniformity of the film.Performance optimization focuses on improving ion conductivity,reducing membrane swelling rate and enhancing chemical stability,and a variety of modification strategies are developed and applied.Despite the achievements made so far,there are still some challenges,such as the lack of long-term stability in highly alkaline environments.Future research needs to further explore new material systems and preparation processes in order to promote the wide application and sustainable development of AEM technology in energy,environmental protection and other fields.展开更多
Recent activities on cavitation research in the Institute of High Speed Mechanics,Tohoku University,Japan are reviewed.Firstly,our recent research project on cavitation occurrence in various liquids other than water i...Recent activities on cavitation research in the Institute of High Speed Mechanics,Tohoku University,Japan are reviewed.Firstly,our recent research project on cavitation occurrence in various liquids other than water is explained in relation to the thermodynamic and gas content effects.Secondly,study on cavitation damage is introduced.In this field,the mechanism of a single bubble collapse near solid wall and the related pit formation in soft test materials have been investigated.Also,the effects of fluid properties on the cavitation damage are clarified.Finally,a special study on shock wave propagating through gas- liquid two-phase magnetic fluid is explained to extend further developments of cavitation research.展开更多
文摘On April 2, 2017, the world will celebrate the ninth annual World Autism Awareness Day. In honor of this occasion,Neuroscience Bulletin has put together a Special Issue of reviews and primary research articles focusing on autism spectrum disorder（ASD）.
基金This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 49975013 and 40175019.
文摘This paper summarizes main progresses made in tropical cyclone research field in China in the past few years after the 8th five year program of China. New achievements have been made on tropical cyclone (hereafter referred as TC) structure, numerical prediction, evaluation of operational numerical model, TC–caused heavy rain, TC climate features and disasters, etc.
文摘Severe brain injury can lead to disorders of consciousness （DOCs）. Since DOC patients cannot communicate functionally or behave purposefully, most remain bedridden and require laborious care. The medical community is often confronted with the expectations of the families of chronic DOC patients, and the social, economic, and ethical consequences are tremendous. Research on DOCs is attracting increasing attention from scientists and physicians in various fields. With the development of modern neuroimaging and neuromodulation techniques, much progress has been made in the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of DOCs in the last decade.
基金the Beijing Scienceand Technology NOVA program Grant (No.2006B53)the Peking Union Medical CollegeHospital Junior Researcher Grant.
文摘Serious hearing and balance impairments can occur as a result of loss of hair cells related to aging, environmental stresses(such as noises exposure) or exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs(such as cisplatin and aminoglycoside antibiotics). Because a large portion of hearing impairment involves loss of hair cells, regeneration or replacement of these cells is a possible alternative to prosthetic devices1. Researchers have paid hot attention to the study of inner ear hair cell regeneration for hearing restoration for many years. Besides the important function of hair cells, there are many other contributors essential for normal hearing. Hair cell regeneration is one of the essential steps for total hearing recovery, but not the only one. In this article, we will review the progresses in research on hearing loss, stem cell application and hearing restoration.
文摘Five catalytic processes and their catalysts will be introduced in my talk. Firstly,the demonstration test(3000 ton/a)results using a novel catalyst Co/SiO2 with egg-shell structure and the strategies for this catalyst preparation based on the issues from the mass transfer of produced wax from F-T synthesis will be discussed. Recent progresses on C2-oxygenate synthesis from syngas over a Rh/SiO2 catalyst and a 10 thousands ton/a demonstration test facility in China will be built in 2010 will be reported in the second section. A naphtha and diesel distillate which cut off the heavier end of S-F-A distribution direct synthesis with low methane selectivity from syngas over a Co/AC1 catalyst and a 10000 ton/a demonstration test with a bubble column slurry reactor will be talked about in this speech. A high α-alcohols of C2-C18 direct synthesis with more than 50 wt% selectivity and low methane and methanol selectivities from syngas over a Co2C/AC2 catalyst,a 3000 ton/a demonstration test with a bubble column slurry reactor and the primary fundamental understandings will be detailedly discussed in the forth section. In situ formation of homogeneous active sites on the surface of supported Rh heterogeneous catalysts and their application in hydroformylation of olefins will be introduced in fifth section.
基金“Grassland Talents”of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(NJYT23030)Technology Breakthrough Engineering Hydrogen Energy Field“Unveiling and Leading”Project(2024KJTW0018)+3 种基金“Steed Plan High Level Talents”of Inner Mongolia University,Carbon neutralization research project(STZX202218)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20107),Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Natural Science Foundation(2023MS02002)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion(MATEC2024KF011)National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1205201).
文摘Anion exchange membrane(AEM),as a kind of key membrane materials,has shown great application potential in many electrochemical fields,and remarkable progress has been made in related research in recent years.In this paper,the research status of AEM is reviewed,including its material design,preparation method,performance optimization and application in the fields of hydrogen production by electrolytic water,fuel cell and water treatment.In terms of material design,new polymer skeleton structures are emerging to regulate the stability of ion conduction channels and membranes by introducing specific functional groups or changing the molecular chain structure.The preparation methods have been gradually expanded from the traditional solution casting method to more advanced technologies,such as interfacial polymerization and electrostatic spinning,which effectively improve the microstructure and property uniformity of the film.Performance optimization focuses on improving ion conductivity,reducing membrane swelling rate and enhancing chemical stability,and a variety of modification strategies are developed and applied.Despite the achievements made so far,there are still some challenges,such as the lack of long-term stability in highly alkaline environments.Future research needs to further explore new material systems and preparation processes in order to promote the wide application and sustainable development of AEM technology in energy,environmental protection and other fields.
文摘Recent activities on cavitation research in the Institute of High Speed Mechanics,Tohoku University,Japan are reviewed.Firstly,our recent research project on cavitation occurrence in various liquids other than water is explained in relation to the thermodynamic and gas content effects.Secondly,study on cavitation damage is introduced.In this field,the mechanism of a single bubble collapse near solid wall and the related pit formation in soft test materials have been investigated.Also,the effects of fluid properties on the cavitation damage are clarified.Finally,a special study on shock wave propagating through gas- liquid two-phase magnetic fluid is explained to extend further developments of cavitation research.
