According to the State Statistics Bureau, China's consumer price index (CPI) jumped by 6.9 percent year-on-year last November, approaching the high levels seen at the end of 1996, one of the largest areas of i... According to the State Statistics Bureau, China's consumer price index (CPI) jumped by 6.9 percent year-on-year last November, approaching the high levels seen at the end of 1996, one of the largest areas of increase was the price of grain,which rose by 6.6 percent. There is no doubt the growth in CPI can be mainly attributed to soaring food prices and the diffusion effect of oil price adjustments. Large orders for grain exports have put Chinese grain suppliers under tremendous pressure. In order to solve this problem, the Finance Ministry and State Administration of Taxation together announced that 84 categories of export tax rebates on major types of grain will be eliminated.……展开更多
Chinese textile industry has suffered pains like safeguards and Yuan’s appreciation since last year. Now it may have to face another one: the cuts of export rebates. The State Administration of Taxation, the Finance ...Chinese textile industry has suffered pains like safeguards and Yuan’s appreciation since last year. Now it may have to face another one: the cuts of export rebates. The State Administration of Taxation, the Finance Ministry, the Ministry of Commerce, and the Na-展开更多
This paper studies two manufacturer rebate strategies in a green supply chain.The results show that:1)Irrespective of the type of rebate strategy used,channel members benefit;2)Rebates for green products improve the g...This paper studies two manufacturer rebate strategies in a green supply chain.The results show that:1)Irrespective of the type of rebate strategy used,channel members benefit;2)Rebates for green products improve the green level of green products;3)The more significant the slippage effects are,the more beneficial the rebate strategies are,for channel members.On this basis,the model is expanded to consider asymmetric potential market demands and asymmetric product substitution rates,respectively.The results show that the product substitution rate does not affect the strategic preference of channel members,but the potential market demand does.展开更多
China introduces a range of policies aimed at elevating the role of consumption as a growth driver.Foreign tourists landing in China now have one more reason to spend.With the roll-out of a new“refund-upon-purchase”...China introduces a range of policies aimed at elevating the role of consumption as a growth driver.Foreign tourists landing in China now have one more reason to spend.With the roll-out of a new“refund-upon-purchase”tax rebate scheme,shopping has never been more convenient for overseas visitors.展开更多
As the world financial crisis has taken hold, China’s Central Government moved to increase the value-added tax (VAT) refund rates on several industries in an effort to boost production. For example, China has increas...As the world financial crisis has taken hold, China’s Central Government moved to increase the value-added tax (VAT) refund rates on several industries in an effort to boost production. For example, China has increased the tax rebate on textiles at least four times over the past six months,展开更多
The Ministry of Finance, the NationalBureau of Taxation and the NationalDevelopment and Reform Commis-sion recently jointly issued the"Cir-cular concerning the Downward Re-adjustment of Export Rebate Ratesfor Par...The Ministry of Finance, the NationalBureau of Taxation and the NationalDevelopment and Reform Commis-sion recently jointly issued the"Cir-cular concerning the Downward Re-adjustment of Export Rebate Ratesfor Partial Commodities,"stipulatingthat export rebate rates for 2 831 com-modities will be reduced from July1st, 2007. Chemical products are展开更多
PVC(polyvinyl chloride)andcaustic soda, the most im-portant exports in the chlor-alkali sector are both greatlyaffected by the new policy.The export rebate rate forPVC is reduced from 11% to5% and the rate for caustic...PVC(polyvinyl chloride)andcaustic soda, the most im-portant exports in the chlor-alkali sector are both greatlyaffected by the new policy.The export rebate rate forPVC is reduced from 11% to5% and the rate for causticsoda is reduced from 13% to0%.PVC in China has under-展开更多
The Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration jointly issued a notice,stating that China increases the export rebate rate from 11% to 13% for partial
China raises export rebates on some chemicals, textiles, steel products, andTV related, effective April 1 st, 2009, to offset the appreciated RMB andspur the domestic economy following the country’s stimulus packages...China raises export rebates on some chemicals, textiles, steel products, andTV related, effective April 1 st, 2009, to offset the appreciated RMB andspur the domestic economy following the country’s stimulus packages forthe ten industries.展开更多
The exponentially-distributed random timestepping algorithm with boundary test is implemented to evaluate the prices of some variety of single one-sided barrier option contracts within the framework of Black-Scholes m...The exponentially-distributed random timestepping algorithm with boundary test is implemented to evaluate the prices of some variety of single one-sided barrier option contracts within the framework of Black-Scholes model, giving efficient estimation of their hitting times. It is numerically shown that this algorithm, as for the Brownian bridge technique, can improve the rate of weak convergence from order one-half for the standard Monte Carlo to order 1. The exponential timestepping algorithm, however, displays better results, for a given amount of CPU time, than the Brownian bridge technique as the step size becomes larger or the volatility grows up. This is due to the features of the exponential distribution which is more strongly peaked near the origin and has a higher kurtosis compared to the normal distribution, giving more stability of the exponential timestepping algorithm at large time steps and high levels of volatility.展开更多
China’s scrap steel consump-tion has gradually trendeddown in steel production inrecent years,due to manyfactors such as the limited scrap steeloutput,its relatively higher cost andthe lingering low steel price.Thus,...China’s scrap steel consump-tion has gradually trendeddown in steel production inrecent years,due to manyfactors such as the limited scrap steeloutput,its relatively higher cost andthe lingering low steel price.Thus,thedomestic iron and steel enterprises展开更多
China expands export tax rebate to more ports China will expand its export tax rebate pilot program to eight more ports at the beginning of September to boost exports amid an economic slowdown.The new tax rebate polic...China expands export tax rebate to more ports China will expand its export tax rebate pilot program to eight more ports at the beginning of September to boost exports amid an economic slowdown.The new tax rebate policy will be applied to exported container goods with customs clearance at water ports in the cities of Nanjing,Suzhou,Lianyungang,Wuhu,Jiujiang,Qingdao,Wuhan and Yueyang,according to a joint展开更多
Instead of on July 1st as many forecast experts had anticipated, the new policy for export VAT’s rebate rate for textile and apparel to change from 11% to 13% went immediately into force on August 1
Almost everyone was surprised when the China Customs released the latest export and import statistics on April, 10th:6.87 billion US dollars,China’s favorable balance of trade in March.But only one month earlier,the ...Almost everyone was surprised when the China Customs released the latest export and import statistics on April, 10th:6.87 billion US dollars,China’s favorable balance of trade in March.But only one month earlier,the trade展开更多
On 29 April 2005, Ministry of Finance P.R.C. and State dministration of Taxation issued "Export Rebate Rate djustment of Partial Products". Export rebate of three types f rare earth products was cancelled (T...On 29 April 2005, Ministry of Finance P.R.C. and State dministration of Taxation issued "Export Rebate Rate djustment of Partial Products". Export rebate of three types f rare earth products was cancelled (Table 1).展开更多
Overseas Warehouses Facilitate Shenzhen’s Cross-border E-commerce,Cross-border e-commerce operators in Shenzhen have established or partnered with overseas warehouses in target countries to facilitate streamlined out...Overseas Warehouses Facilitate Shenzhen’s Cross-border E-commerce,Cross-border e-commerce operators in Shenzhen have established or partnered with overseas warehouses in target countries to facilitate streamlined outbound logistics,expedited deliveries and localized aftersales services since 2023.In January,China enacted a tax-rebate policy enabling domestic sellers delivering products to overseas warehouses to apply for tax refunds once they have completed customs clearance.The policy aims to ease financial strain.As China's top city in terms of foreign trade volume in 2024,Shenzhen is home to about 150,000 cross-border e-commerce entities.Today's e-commerce exporters are more concerned with seeking overseas orders and completing deliveries.Apart from e-commerce,the constant innovation by local private enterprises also boosted Shenzhen’s exports last year.However,experts warned it will be challenging for the city this year to keep the momentum as strong as in 2024.展开更多
As the 4th most populous and 2nd fastest growing region of the U.S.,70%of Florida’s 16-million citizens reside along the coastline in areas served by shallow,fragile aquifers that have largely been destroyed by over-...As the 4th most populous and 2nd fastest growing region of the U.S.,70%of Florida’s 16-million citizens reside along the coastline in areas served by shallow,fragile aquifers that have largely been destroyed by over-pumping and saltwater intrusion.Resulting wastewater discharge and runoff have contaminated natural waterways and aquifer recharge basins.A case study from the Tampa Bay,Florida(U.S.)region reveals that water suppliers are providing conservation incentives to consumers as a cost-effective alternative to expanding infrastructure capacity to meet the demands of population and economic growth.Research at the University of Florida shows the benefit-cost of several water saving alternatives and the corresponding“willingness-to-pay”for several consumer markets.Together,a methodology is introduced wherein the water supplier can create“optimal”market-based incentives for consumer investment in water saving measures that maximize water use reductions and minimize conservation program costs.The indirect costs of water use such as energy emissions and watershed destruction(externalities)is also addressed.展开更多
Time-of-use (TOU) pricing strategy is an important component of demand-side management (DSM), but the cost of supplying power during critical peak periods remains high under TOU prices. This affects power system relia...Time-of-use (TOU) pricing strategy is an important component of demand-side management (DSM), but the cost of supplying power during critical peak periods remains high under TOU prices. This affects power system reliability. In addition, TOU prices are usually applicable to medium- and long-term load control but cannot effectively regulate short-term loads. Therefore, this paper proposes an optimization method for TOU pricing and changes the electricity consumption patterns during the critical peak periods through a critical peak rebate (CPR). This reduces generation costs and improves power system reliability. An optimization model for peak-flat-valley (PFV) period partition is established based on fuzzy clustering and an enumeration iterative technique. A TOU pricing optimization model including grid-side and customer-side benefits is then proposed, and a simulated annealing particle swarm optimization (SAPSO) algorithm is used to solve the problem. Finally, a CPR decision model is developed to further reduce critical peak loads. The effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm is illustrated through different case studies of the Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS).展开更多
文摘 According to the State Statistics Bureau, China's consumer price index (CPI) jumped by 6.9 percent year-on-year last November, approaching the high levels seen at the end of 1996, one of the largest areas of increase was the price of grain,which rose by 6.6 percent. There is no doubt the growth in CPI can be mainly attributed to soaring food prices and the diffusion effect of oil price adjustments. Large orders for grain exports have put Chinese grain suppliers under tremendous pressure. In order to solve this problem, the Finance Ministry and State Administration of Taxation together announced that 84 categories of export tax rebates on major types of grain will be eliminated.……
文摘Chinese textile industry has suffered pains like safeguards and Yuan’s appreciation since last year. Now it may have to face another one: the cuts of export rebates. The State Administration of Taxation, the Finance Ministry, the Ministry of Commerce, and the Na-
基金Supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(18BGL106)。
文摘This paper studies two manufacturer rebate strategies in a green supply chain.The results show that:1)Irrespective of the type of rebate strategy used,channel members benefit;2)Rebates for green products improve the green level of green products;3)The more significant the slippage effects are,the more beneficial the rebate strategies are,for channel members.On this basis,the model is expanded to consider asymmetric potential market demands and asymmetric product substitution rates,respectively.The results show that the product substitution rate does not affect the strategic preference of channel members,but the potential market demand does.
文摘China introduces a range of policies aimed at elevating the role of consumption as a growth driver.Foreign tourists landing in China now have one more reason to spend.With the roll-out of a new“refund-upon-purchase”tax rebate scheme,shopping has never been more convenient for overseas visitors.
文摘As the world financial crisis has taken hold, China’s Central Government moved to increase the value-added tax (VAT) refund rates on several industries in an effort to boost production. For example, China has increased the tax rebate on textiles at least four times over the past six months,
文摘The Ministry of Finance, the NationalBureau of Taxation and the NationalDevelopment and Reform Commis-sion recently jointly issued the"Cir-cular concerning the Downward Re-adjustment of Export Rebate Ratesfor Partial Commodities,"stipulatingthat export rebate rates for 2 831 com-modities will be reduced from July1st, 2007. Chemical products are
文摘PVC(polyvinyl chloride)andcaustic soda, the most im-portant exports in the chlor-alkali sector are both greatlyaffected by the new policy.The export rebate rate forPVC is reduced from 11% to5% and the rate for causticsoda is reduced from 13% to0%.PVC in China has under-
文摘The Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration jointly issued a notice,stating that China increases the export rebate rate from 11% to 13% for partial
文摘China raises export rebates on some chemicals, textiles, steel products, andTV related, effective April 1 st, 2009, to offset the appreciated RMB andspur the domestic economy following the country’s stimulus packages forthe ten industries.
文摘The exponentially-distributed random timestepping algorithm with boundary test is implemented to evaluate the prices of some variety of single one-sided barrier option contracts within the framework of Black-Scholes model, giving efficient estimation of their hitting times. It is numerically shown that this algorithm, as for the Brownian bridge technique, can improve the rate of weak convergence from order one-half for the standard Monte Carlo to order 1. The exponential timestepping algorithm, however, displays better results, for a given amount of CPU time, than the Brownian bridge technique as the step size becomes larger or the volatility grows up. This is due to the features of the exponential distribution which is more strongly peaked near the origin and has a higher kurtosis compared to the normal distribution, giving more stability of the exponential timestepping algorithm at large time steps and high levels of volatility.
文摘China’s scrap steel consump-tion has gradually trendeddown in steel production inrecent years,due to manyfactors such as the limited scrap steeloutput,its relatively higher cost andthe lingering low steel price.Thus,thedomestic iron and steel enterprises
文摘China expands export tax rebate to more ports China will expand its export tax rebate pilot program to eight more ports at the beginning of September to boost exports amid an economic slowdown.The new tax rebate policy will be applied to exported container goods with customs clearance at water ports in the cities of Nanjing,Suzhou,Lianyungang,Wuhu,Jiujiang,Qingdao,Wuhan and Yueyang,according to a joint
文摘Instead of on July 1st as many forecast experts had anticipated, the new policy for export VAT’s rebate rate for textile and apparel to change from 11% to 13% went immediately into force on August 1
文摘Almost everyone was surprised when the China Customs released the latest export and import statistics on April, 10th:6.87 billion US dollars,China’s favorable balance of trade in March.But only one month earlier,the trade
文摘On 29 April 2005, Ministry of Finance P.R.C. and State dministration of Taxation issued "Export Rebate Rate djustment of Partial Products". Export rebate of three types f rare earth products was cancelled (Table 1).
文摘Overseas Warehouses Facilitate Shenzhen’s Cross-border E-commerce,Cross-border e-commerce operators in Shenzhen have established or partnered with overseas warehouses in target countries to facilitate streamlined outbound logistics,expedited deliveries and localized aftersales services since 2023.In January,China enacted a tax-rebate policy enabling domestic sellers delivering products to overseas warehouses to apply for tax refunds once they have completed customs clearance.The policy aims to ease financial strain.As China's top city in terms of foreign trade volume in 2024,Shenzhen is home to about 150,000 cross-border e-commerce entities.Today's e-commerce exporters are more concerned with seeking overseas orders and completing deliveries.Apart from e-commerce,the constant innovation by local private enterprises also boosted Shenzhen’s exports last year.However,experts warned it will be challenging for the city this year to keep the momentum as strong as in 2024.
文摘As the 4th most populous and 2nd fastest growing region of the U.S.,70%of Florida’s 16-million citizens reside along the coastline in areas served by shallow,fragile aquifers that have largely been destroyed by over-pumping and saltwater intrusion.Resulting wastewater discharge and runoff have contaminated natural waterways and aquifer recharge basins.A case study from the Tampa Bay,Florida(U.S.)region reveals that water suppliers are providing conservation incentives to consumers as a cost-effective alternative to expanding infrastructure capacity to meet the demands of population and economic growth.Research at the University of Florida shows the benefit-cost of several water saving alternatives and the corresponding“willingness-to-pay”for several consumer markets.Together,a methodology is introduced wherein the water supplier can create“optimal”market-based incentives for consumer investment in water saving measures that maximize water use reductions and minimize conservation program costs.The indirect costs of water use such as energy emissions and watershed destruction(externalities)is also addressed.
基金supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(PA2021KCPY0053)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(1908085QE237).
文摘Time-of-use (TOU) pricing strategy is an important component of demand-side management (DSM), but the cost of supplying power during critical peak periods remains high under TOU prices. This affects power system reliability. In addition, TOU prices are usually applicable to medium- and long-term load control but cannot effectively regulate short-term loads. Therefore, this paper proposes an optimization method for TOU pricing and changes the electricity consumption patterns during the critical peak periods through a critical peak rebate (CPR). This reduces generation costs and improves power system reliability. An optimization model for peak-flat-valley (PFV) period partition is established based on fuzzy clustering and an enumeration iterative technique. A TOU pricing optimization model including grid-side and customer-side benefits is then proposed, and a simulated annealing particle swarm optimization (SAPSO) algorithm is used to solve the problem. Finally, a CPR decision model is developed to further reduce critical peak loads. The effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm is illustrated through different case studies of the Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS).
