Kinked rebar is a special type of steel material,which is installed in beam column nodes and frame beams.It effectively enhances the blast resilience,seismic collapse resistance,and progressive collapse resistance of ...Kinked rebar is a special type of steel material,which is installed in beam column nodes and frame beams.It effectively enhances the blast resilience,seismic collapse resistance,and progressive collapse resistance of reinforced concrete(RC)structures without imposing substantial cost burdens,thereby emerging as a focal point of recent research endeavors.On the basis of explaining the working principle of kinked rebars,this paper reviews the research status of kinked rebars at home and abroad from three core domains:the tensile mechanical properties of kinked rebars,beam column nodes with kinked rebars,and concrete frame structures with kinked rebars.The analysis underscores that the straightening process of kinked rebars does not compromise their ultimate strength but significantly bolsters structural ductility and enhances energy dissipation capabilities.In beam-column joints,the incorporation of kinked rebars facilitates the seamless transfer of plastic hinges,adhering to the design principle of“strong columns and weak beams.”In addition,kinked rebars can greatly improve the resistance of the beam;The seismic resistance,internal explosion resistance,and progressive collapse resistance of reinforced concrete frame structures with kinked rebar have significantly improved.Beyond its primary application,the principle of kinked rebar was extended to other applications of kinked materials such as corrugated steel plates and origami structures,and the stress characteristics of related components and structures were studied.Intriguingly,this paper also proposes the application of kinked rebars in bridge engineering,aiming to address the challenges of localized damage concentration and excessive residual displacement in RC bridge piers.The introduction of kinked rebars in piers is envisioned to mitigate these issues,with the paper outlining its advantages and feasibility,thereby offering valuable insights for future research on kinked reinforcement and seismic design strategies for bridges.展开更多
The influence mechanism of trace Nb on the corrosion resistance of surface corrosion products of high-strength anti-seismic rebar in the simulated marine environment was studied by combining first-principles calculati...The influence mechanism of trace Nb on the corrosion resistance of surface corrosion products of high-strength anti-seismic rebar in the simulated marine environment was studied by combining first-principles calculations with corrosion mass loss method,surface analysis,cross-sectional analysis,quantitative analysis,and electrochemical test.The results demonstrated that the addition of trace Nb effectively improved the compactness and stability of surface corrosion layer of rebar,and the corrosion resistance of corrosion layer increased with the increase in Nb content.The beneficial effect of Nb content on the corrosion layer summarized two important key points.Firstly,the addition of Nb was beneficial to promoting the improvement in the structural stability of α-FeOOH,and α-FeOOH structure of solid solution Nb atoms was beneficial to strengthening the fixation of Cl atoms,thus increasing α/(β+γ)ratio,total impedance value,and corrosion potential.Secondly,the formation of Nb oxides can not only repair the corrosion layer,but also play a role in the fixation Cl atoms,resulting in the improvement in corrosion resistance of corrosion layer.展开更多
The utilization of high-strength steel bars(HSSB)within concrete structures demonstrates significant advantages in material conservation and mechanical performance enhancement.Nevertheless,existing design codes exhibi...The utilization of high-strength steel bars(HSSB)within concrete structures demonstrates significant advantages in material conservation and mechanical performance enhancement.Nevertheless,existing design codes exhibit limitations in addressing the distinct statistical characteristics of HSSB,particularly regarding strength design parameters.For instance,GB50010-2010 fails to specify design strength values for reinforcement exceeding 600 MPa,creating technical barriers for advancing HSSB implementation.This study systematically investigates the reliability of eccentric compression concrete columns reinforced with 600 MPa-grade HSSB through high-order moment method analysis.Material partial factors were calibrated against target reliability indices prescribed by GB50068-2018,incorporating critical variables including live-to-dead load ratios,design methodologies,and service conditions.The findings show that the value of k significantly affects the calibration of material partial factors,impacting the reliability of bearing capacity.Considering various k values and target reliability indices,it is recommended that the material partialfactorbe setat1.15,implyingthatthedesignstrengthfor600MPahigh-strengthsteelbars shouldbe considered as 522 MPa.For safety levels I and II,load adjustment factors of 1.1 and 0.9,respectively,may be applied.展开更多
The quality of rebar welds directly impacts the overall service performance of highway infrastructure.However,current assessments of weld appearance quality primarily rely on traditional inspection methods such as man...The quality of rebar welds directly impacts the overall service performance of highway infrastructure.However,current assessments of weld appearance quality primarily rely on traditional inspection methods such as manual visual inspection,which suffer from significant limitations in accuracy,reliability,and efficiency.Given the increasing demand for safety performance inspections of highway infrastructure in China,traditional methods struggle to meet modern rapid inspection requirements.Therefore,this study proposes the design of a portable,non-destructive inspection device for rebar weld appearance,utilizing visible light vision and line-structured light 3D scanning technology.The device is equipped with an STM32 master control chip to manage encoder reading,scanning laser control,ring fill light,industrial camera synchronization,image acquisition,and serial port command transmission.Additionally,a weld image processing and detection software system was developed to receive,store,and identify weld defects.A field inspection prototype was created and subjected to various defect weld detection experiments in a laboratory setting.Experimental results demonstrate that the device can accurately measure weld parameters by acquiring multimodal images,fulfilling defect detection requirements.The device features high detection accuracy,portability,and user-friendliness,making it significant for the objective inspection and evaluation of rebar weld appearance and welding quality.展开更多
A new type of corrosion-resistant alloyed-steel rebar,Cr10MoV,was researched using techniques such as corrosion electrochemistry,X-ray computed tomography,and zero resistance ammeter to systematically study the macro-...A new type of corrosion-resistant alloyed-steel rebar,Cr10MoV,was researched using techniques such as corrosion electrochemistry,X-ray computed tomography,and zero resistance ammeter to systematically study the macro-cell corrosion behavior and corrosion resistance of alloyed-steel rebar in mortar and concrete samples induced by chloride ion concentration in the marine environment.The macro-cell corrosion characteristics and development patterns induced by chloride ion concentration in alloyed-steel rebar were preliminarily revealed.In the macro-cell corrosion system of rebar mortar samples induced by 29 times chloride ion concentration,the corrosion current density of the alloyed-steel rebar combination stabilizes at 1.6–2.4μA/cm^(2),which is only one-third of that of the carbon-steel rebar combination,while the dissimilar steel rebar combination stabilizes at 0–0.4μA/cm^(2).Alloyed-steel rebar and carbon-steel rebar are configured in high concentration and low concentration chlorine salt areas,respectively.With the help of high corrosion resistance,the long-term stable corrosion resistance of alloyed-steel rebar is ensured.The potential difference between carbon-steel rebar and alloyed-steel rebar is reduced to weaken the driving force of macro-cell corrosion.It is a useful way to inhibit the macro-cell corrosion of dissimilar steel rebar and ensure the high corrosion resistance and durability of marine reinforced concrete structures.展开更多
Chloride-induced corrosion of steel reinforcement is the key factor leading to the degradation of reinforced concrete building durability.Improving the corrosion resistance of oxide scale of rebar has always been a re...Chloride-induced corrosion of steel reinforcement is the key factor leading to the degradation of reinforced concrete building durability.Improving the corrosion resistance of oxide scale of rebar has always been a research hotspot in the field of civil engineering materials.A ZIF-8 modified Ce-Sol-gel(ZCS)film was prepared on oxide scale of plain steel rebars by sol-gel method.It is observed that the|Z|_(0.01 Hz)value of the ZCS film reached 320 kΩcm^(2),which is about 29 times higher than that of blank rebar in simulated concrete pore(SCP)solution with 0.1 M NaCl.Then,they were inserted into mortar block and curing them in a curing box at T=20±2℃and RH=95±2%for 28 days.Subsequently,these samples were subject to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 3.5 wt%NaCl.The|Z|_(0.01 Hz)value of the rebar with the ZCS film was six times higher than that of the blank rebar after immersing for 20 days,resulting in an overall increase in corrosion resistance for rebar.The results indicated that the modification by ZIF-8 could reduce the porosity of Ce-sol-gel(CS)film and improved the“labyrinth effect”of the film.Additionally,the negative charge on the surface of ZIF-8 in alkaline condition increased the repulsion effect with Cl−,significantly reducing the sensitivity of rebar to Cl−.展开更多
This paper investigates the explicit use of rock reinforcement in a discontinuous stress analysis model.A series of numerical experiments was undertaken to evaluate the performance of local and global reinforcement mo...This paper investigates the explicit use of rock reinforcement in a discontinuous stress analysis model.A series of numerical experiments was undertaken to evaluate the performance of local and global reinforcement models implemented in universal distinct element code(UDEC).This was made possible by calibrating the reinforcement models to the laboratory behavior of a fully-grouted rebar bolt tested under pure pull and pure shear loading conditions.The model calibration focuses on matching different loading stages of the force-displacement curve including the initial elastic response,the hardening behavior and the bolt rupture.The paper concludes with a discussion on the suitability of the different reinforcement models in UDEC including their advantages and limitations.Finally,it addresses the choice of input parameters required for a realistic simulation of fully-grouted rebar bolts.展开更多
Based on the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) criteria,105 pullout specimens were tested to investigate the effect of different rib geometries on bond strength of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebars embed...Based on the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) criteria,105 pullout specimens were tested to investigate the effect of different rib geometries on bond strength of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebars embedded in concrete. Two kinds of conventional reinforcing rebars were also studied for comparison. Each rebar was embedded in a 150 mm concrete cube,with the embedded length being four times the rebar diameter. The experimental parameters were the rebar type,rebar component,rebar diameter,rebar surface texture,rib height,rib spacing and rib width. Theoretical analysis was also carried out to explain the experimental phenomena and results. The experimental and theoretical results indicated that the bond strength of GFRP rebars was about 13%～35% lower than that of steel rebars. The bond strength and bond-slip behavior of the specially machined rebars varied with the rebar type,rebar diameter,rebar surface texture,rib height,rib spacing and rib width. Using the results,design recom-mendations were made concerning optimum rib geometries of GFRP ribbed rebars with superior bond-slip characteristics,which concluded that the optimal rib spacing of ribbed rebars is the same as the rebar diameter,and that the optimal rib height is 6% of the rebar diameter.展开更多
In this paper, a 3D finite element （FE） program ADINA was applied to analyzing a tunnel with 9 segment tings. The loads acting on these segment tings included the squeezing action of tail brush of shield machine und...In this paper, a 3D finite element （FE） program ADINA was applied to analyzing a tunnel with 9 segment tings. The loads acting on these segment tings included the squeezing action of tail brush of shield machine under attitude deflection, the jacking forces, the grouting pressure and the soil pressure. The analyses focused on the rebar stress in two statuses： （1） normal construction status without shield machine squeezing; （2） squeezing action induced by shield machine under attitude deflection. The analyses indicated that the rebar stress was evidently affected by the construction loads. In different construction status, the rebar stress ranges from -80 MPa to 50 MPa, and the rebar is in elastic status. Even some cracks appear on segments, the stress of segment rebar is still at a low level. It is helpful to incorporate a certain quantity of steel fiber to improve the anti-crack and shock resistance performance.展开更多
The corrosion resistance of the developed 400 MPa grade rebar was evaluated by a series of experiments, including cycles of corrosion-accelerating tests in the simulated concrete pore solution and reinforced concrete ...The corrosion resistance of the developed 400 MPa grade rebar was evaluated by a series of experiments, including cycles of corrosion-accelerating tests in the simulated concrete pore solution and reinforced concrete cube corrosion-accelerating tests and in situ exposure experiments in chloride ions condition. In addition, the tensile and bending properties and the connection adaptability of the developed rebar were investigated. The results verify that the comprehensive properties of the corrosion-resistant rebar are excellent. The tensile and bending properties of the rebar are up to the standard of GB1499-2007. The common welding method and the mechanical connection technology of knob-cut roiled parallel thread splicing are suitable for the rebar.展开更多
An analytic model based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA has been developed on the cold rolling process for Q235 steel rebar with 12 mm in diameter. The elastic-plastic finite element method (FEM) and the cold deformation resistance ...An analytic model based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA has been developed on the cold rolling process for Q235 steel rebar with 12 mm in diameter. The elastic-plastic finite element method (FEM) and the cold deformation resistance model of Q235 steel were adopted in this model. Deformation uniformity of the final product has been analyzed using this model. The results indicate that the uniformity of the final product is obtained only as the centerline of the bending rolls is vertical to the centerline of the driven roll and parallel to the centerline of the drive roll in the whole rolling process. Besides, the number of the bending rolls must even realize the continuous bending and reverse bending process. Also, the number of the bending rolls must match the deformation degree of the workpiece in the cold rolling process. The validity of this finite element model was verified by the size and distribution of grains from the billet to the rebar in a practical cold rolling process.展开更多
The corrosion of rebar in reinforced concrete in marine environments causes significant damage to structures built in ocean environments. Studies on the process and mechanism of corrosion of rebar in the presence of m...The corrosion of rebar in reinforced concrete in marine environments causes significant damage to structures built in ocean environments. Studies on the process and mechanism of corrosion of rebar in the presence of multiple ions may help to control damage and predict the service life of reinforced concrete structures in such environments. The effect of interactions between sulfate and chloride ions and calcium hydroxide on the electrochemical behavior ofrebar are also important for evaluation of structure durability. In this work, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） plots of rebar in Ca（OH）2 solution and cement grout, including NaC1 and Na2SO4 as aggressive salts, were measured for different immersion times. The results show that corrosion of rebar was controlled by the rate of charge transfer as the rebar was exposed to chloride solution. In the presence of high concentrations of sulfate ions in the electrolyte, generation and dissolution of the passive film proceeded simultaneously and corrosion was mainly controlled by the diffusion rate. When Na2SO4 and NaC1 were added to Ca（OH）2 solution, the instantaneous corrosion rate decreased by a factor of 10 to 20 as a result of the higher pH of the corroding solution.展开更多
In this paper, we have studied the anti-rebar corrosion ability of high-strength concrete （HSC）, which were made by one or two mixed fly ash and slag. The different effects of fly ash and slag on concrete anti-rebar...In this paper, we have studied the anti-rebar corrosion ability of high-strength concrete （HSC）, which were made by one or two mixed fly ash and slag. The different effects of fly ash and slag on concrete anti-rebar corrosion ability were discussed in chloride ion-contaminated condition. The results indicate that the effects of slag on concrete anti-chloride ion penetration ability are more excellent than that of fly ash at the same content. When the content of fly ash is 10%, the corrosion-inhibition action is not obvious; when the content is higher than 25%, this effect is remarkable. Corrosion-inhibition action of slag is better than that of fly ash. Slag is not like fly ash that has obvious effect on anode curves Tafer slope, so its contribution to restraining rebar in concrete corrosion is the result of high concrete anti-chloride ion penetration ability and binding chloride ion. Their ＂superimposition effect＂ can be realized only at reasonable content and proportion condition.展开更多
The electrochemical behavior of metallic passive film on rebar in concrete is characterized by its semiconductive nature. The charge distribution at the interface between a semiconductor and an electrolyte is often de...The electrochemical behavior of metallic passive film on rebar in concrete is characterized by its semiconductive nature. The charge distribution at the interface between a semiconductor and an electrolyte is often determined by measuring the capacitance of the space-charge layer （Csc） as a function of the electrode potential （E）. When the space charge-layer serves as the depletion layer, the relation of Csc^-2 vs E resembles a Mott-Schottky plot （M-S plot）. The semiconductive properties of the passive film on rebar in concrete were analyzed with M-S plots to study the effect of chloride ions and mineral admixtures on rebar passive films. Some rebar electrodes were immersed in simulated concrete pore solutions, while others were embedded in concrete with/without mineral admixtures. In saturated Ca（OH）, solutions, the relation of Csc^-2-E of rebar electrodes shows linear MottSchottky relationship indicating that the passive film on rebar is a highly disordered n-type semiconductor, with donor density （ND） in the order of 10^26m^-3. After adding chloride ions （Cl wt%〈0.2%） in system solutions, the M-S plot slopes significantly decreased and ND increased, suggesting that chloride ion will cause passive film corrosion and breakdown. The M-S plots of the passive film on rebar electrodes embedded in concrete were similar to those immersed in simulated system solution. However, ND of those in concrete with mineral admixtures tended to be a little smaller, indicating that introducing proper quantity admixtures into concrete could make the rebar passive film have a thicker space-charge layer and therefore a thicker passive film layer.展开更多
Experiments were carried out to investigate the corrosion behavior of epoxy-coated rebar （ECR） with pinhole defect（diameter in hundreds of microns） immersed in the uncarbonated/carbonated simulated pore solution ...Experiments were carried out to investigate the corrosion behavior of epoxy-coated rebar （ECR） with pinhole defect（diameter in hundreds of microns） immersed in the uncarbonated/carbonated simulated pore solution （SPS） of seawaterconcrete. Corrosion behavior was analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The composition and morphologyof corrosion products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive spectrometry and scanning electronmicroscopy. Meanwhile, oxide film produced by preheating before spray coating was investigated by X-ray photoelectronspectroscopy and Mott-Schottky technology. Results indicated that corrosion behavior of ECR with pinhole defectexhibited three stages when immersed in the uncarbonated/carbonated SPS. In the initial stage, steel in defect waspassivated when exposed in the uncarbonated SPS and corroded when exposed in the carbonated SPS, due to competitiveadsorption between chloride and hydroxyl ions. In the second stage, the oxide film under coating reconstituted （thethickness and defects density decreasing） in the uncarbonated SPS, which was caused by the synergy between highhydroxide and chloride activity, while in the carbonated SPS, crevice corrosion happened under the coating around pinhole,because of the different oxygen concentrations cell at the coating/steel interface. In the third stage, localized corrosionoccurred under the coating around the pinhole in the uncarbonated SPS, which was probably induced by ion diffusion at thenano-scale coating/steel interface. The corrosion products adjacent to the defects were re-oxidized from FeCIa.4HaO andFe2（OH）3Cl to Fe2O3.H2O, and the corrosion area was expanded outward in the carbonated SPS.展开更多
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.LTGG23E080001Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Urban Infrastructure under Grant No.IUI2022-ZD-01.
文摘Kinked rebar is a special type of steel material,which is installed in beam column nodes and frame beams.It effectively enhances the blast resilience,seismic collapse resistance,and progressive collapse resistance of reinforced concrete(RC)structures without imposing substantial cost burdens,thereby emerging as a focal point of recent research endeavors.On the basis of explaining the working principle of kinked rebars,this paper reviews the research status of kinked rebars at home and abroad from three core domains:the tensile mechanical properties of kinked rebars,beam column nodes with kinked rebars,and concrete frame structures with kinked rebars.The analysis underscores that the straightening process of kinked rebars does not compromise their ultimate strength but significantly bolsters structural ductility and enhances energy dissipation capabilities.In beam-column joints,the incorporation of kinked rebars facilitates the seamless transfer of plastic hinges,adhering to the design principle of“strong columns and weak beams.”In addition,kinked rebars can greatly improve the resistance of the beam;The seismic resistance,internal explosion resistance,and progressive collapse resistance of reinforced concrete frame structures with kinked rebar have significantly improved.Beyond its primary application,the principle of kinked rebar was extended to other applications of kinked materials such as corrugated steel plates and origami structures,and the stress characteristics of related components and structures were studied.Intriguingly,this paper also proposes the application of kinked rebars in bridge engineering,aiming to address the challenges of localized damage concentration and excessive residual displacement in RC bridge piers.The introduction of kinked rebars in piers is envisioned to mitigate these issues,with the paper outlining its advantages and feasibility,thereby offering valuable insights for future research on kinked reinforcement and seismic design strategies for bridges.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52074095)Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science)(Grant No.QKHJC-ZK[2023]YB072)+2 种基金Guizhou Provincial Key Technology R&D Program(Grant No.QKHZC[2023]YB404)Guizhou Provincial Key Technology R&D Program(Grant No.QKHZC[2022]YB053)The numerical calculation of the first-principles was supported and assisted by the High-Performance Computing Center of Guizhou University.
文摘The influence mechanism of trace Nb on the corrosion resistance of surface corrosion products of high-strength anti-seismic rebar in the simulated marine environment was studied by combining first-principles calculations with corrosion mass loss method,surface analysis,cross-sectional analysis,quantitative analysis,and electrochemical test.The results demonstrated that the addition of trace Nb effectively improved the compactness and stability of surface corrosion layer of rebar,and the corrosion resistance of corrosion layer increased with the increase in Nb content.The beneficial effect of Nb content on the corrosion layer summarized two important key points.Firstly,the addition of Nb was beneficial to promoting the improvement in the structural stability of α-FeOOH,and α-FeOOH structure of solid solution Nb atoms was beneficial to strengthening the fixation of Cl atoms,thus increasing α/(β+γ)ratio,total impedance value,and corrosion potential.Secondly,the formation of Nb oxides can not only repair the corrosion layer,but also play a role in the fixation Cl atoms,resulting in the improvement in corrosion resistance of corrosion layer.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Grant No.2022J05184).
文摘The utilization of high-strength steel bars(HSSB)within concrete structures demonstrates significant advantages in material conservation and mechanical performance enhancement.Nevertheless,existing design codes exhibit limitations in addressing the distinct statistical characteristics of HSSB,particularly regarding strength design parameters.For instance,GB50010-2010 fails to specify design strength values for reinforcement exceeding 600 MPa,creating technical barriers for advancing HSSB implementation.This study systematically investigates the reliability of eccentric compression concrete columns reinforced with 600 MPa-grade HSSB through high-order moment method analysis.Material partial factors were calibrated against target reliability indices prescribed by GB50068-2018,incorporating critical variables including live-to-dead load ratios,design methodologies,and service conditions.The findings show that the value of k significantly affects the calibration of material partial factors,impacting the reliability of bearing capacity.Considering various k values and target reliability indices,it is recommended that the material partialfactorbe setat1.15,implyingthatthedesignstrengthfor600MPahigh-strengthsteelbars shouldbe considered as 522 MPa.For safety levels I and II,load adjustment factors of 1.1 and 0.9,respectively,may be applied.
基金Supported by the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(2023-9062)the Transport Power Pilot Project(2021-C334)。
文摘The quality of rebar welds directly impacts the overall service performance of highway infrastructure.However,current assessments of weld appearance quality primarily rely on traditional inspection methods such as manual visual inspection,which suffer from significant limitations in accuracy,reliability,and efficiency.Given the increasing demand for safety performance inspections of highway infrastructure in China,traditional methods struggle to meet modern rapid inspection requirements.Therefore,this study proposes the design of a portable,non-destructive inspection device for rebar weld appearance,utilizing visible light vision and line-structured light 3D scanning technology.The device is equipped with an STM32 master control chip to manage encoder reading,scanning laser control,ring fill light,industrial camera synchronization,image acquisition,and serial port command transmission.Additionally,a weld image processing and detection software system was developed to receive,store,and identify weld defects.A field inspection prototype was created and subjected to various defect weld detection experiments in a laboratory setting.Experimental results demonstrate that the device can accurately measure weld parameters by acquiring multimodal images,fulfilling defect detection requirements.The device features high detection accuracy,portability,and user-friendliness,making it significant for the objective inspection and evaluation of rebar weld appearance and welding quality.
基金the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52278255 and 51878246)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(SJCX24_0195).
文摘A new type of corrosion-resistant alloyed-steel rebar,Cr10MoV,was researched using techniques such as corrosion electrochemistry,X-ray computed tomography,and zero resistance ammeter to systematically study the macro-cell corrosion behavior and corrosion resistance of alloyed-steel rebar in mortar and concrete samples induced by chloride ion concentration in the marine environment.The macro-cell corrosion characteristics and development patterns induced by chloride ion concentration in alloyed-steel rebar were preliminarily revealed.In the macro-cell corrosion system of rebar mortar samples induced by 29 times chloride ion concentration,the corrosion current density of the alloyed-steel rebar combination stabilizes at 1.6–2.4μA/cm^(2),which is only one-third of that of the carbon-steel rebar combination,while the dissimilar steel rebar combination stabilizes at 0–0.4μA/cm^(2).Alloyed-steel rebar and carbon-steel rebar are configured in high concentration and low concentration chlorine salt areas,respectively.With the help of high corrosion resistance,the long-term stable corrosion resistance of alloyed-steel rebar is ensured.The potential difference between carbon-steel rebar and alloyed-steel rebar is reduced to weaken the driving force of macro-cell corrosion.It is a useful way to inhibit the macro-cell corrosion of dissimilar steel rebar and ensure the high corrosion resistance and durability of marine reinforced concrete structures.
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFE0111000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52171093,51771061 and U20A20233).
文摘Chloride-induced corrosion of steel reinforcement is the key factor leading to the degradation of reinforced concrete building durability.Improving the corrosion resistance of oxide scale of rebar has always been a research hotspot in the field of civil engineering materials.A ZIF-8 modified Ce-Sol-gel(ZCS)film was prepared on oxide scale of plain steel rebars by sol-gel method.It is observed that the|Z|_(0.01 Hz)value of the ZCS film reached 320 kΩcm^(2),which is about 29 times higher than that of blank rebar in simulated concrete pore(SCP)solution with 0.1 M NaCl.Then,they were inserted into mortar block and curing them in a curing box at T=20±2℃and RH=95±2%for 28 days.Subsequently,these samples were subject to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 3.5 wt%NaCl.The|Z|_(0.01 Hz)value of the rebar with the ZCS film was six times higher than that of the blank rebar after immersing for 20 days,resulting in an overall increase in corrosion resistance for rebar.The results indicated that the modification by ZIF-8 could reduce the porosity of Ce-sol-gel(CS)film and improved the“labyrinth effect”of the film.Additionally,the negative charge on the surface of ZIF-8 in alkaline condition increased the repulsion effect with Cl−,significantly reducing the sensitivity of rebar to Cl−.
基金supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada
文摘This paper investigates the explicit use of rock reinforcement in a discontinuous stress analysis model.A series of numerical experiments was undertaken to evaluate the performance of local and global reinforcement models implemented in universal distinct element code(UDEC).This was made possible by calibrating the reinforcement models to the laboratory behavior of a fully-grouted rebar bolt tested under pure pull and pure shear loading conditions.The model calibration focuses on matching different loading stages of the force-displacement curve including the initial elastic response,the hardening behavior and the bolt rupture.The paper concludes with a discussion on the suitability of the different reinforcement models in UDEC including their advantages and limitations.Finally,it addresses the choice of input parameters required for a realistic simulation of fully-grouted rebar bolts.
基金Project (No. 200431882021) supported by the Western Communi-cation Construction and Science & Technological Project,China
文摘Based on the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) criteria,105 pullout specimens were tested to investigate the effect of different rib geometries on bond strength of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebars embedded in concrete. Two kinds of conventional reinforcing rebars were also studied for comparison. Each rebar was embedded in a 150 mm concrete cube,with the embedded length being four times the rebar diameter. The experimental parameters were the rebar type,rebar component,rebar diameter,rebar surface texture,rib height,rib spacing and rib width. Theoretical analysis was also carried out to explain the experimental phenomena and results. The experimental and theoretical results indicated that the bond strength of GFRP rebars was about 13%～35% lower than that of steel rebars. The bond strength and bond-slip behavior of the specially machined rebars varied with the rebar type,rebar diameter,rebar surface texture,rib height,rib spacing and rib width. Using the results,design recom-mendations were made concerning optimum rib geometries of GFRP ribbed rebars with superior bond-slip characteristics,which concluded that the optimal rib spacing of ribbed rebars is the same as the rebar diameter,and that the optimal rib height is 6% of the rebar diameter.
文摘In this paper, a 3D finite element （FE） program ADINA was applied to analyzing a tunnel with 9 segment tings. The loads acting on these segment tings included the squeezing action of tail brush of shield machine under attitude deflection, the jacking forces, the grouting pressure and the soil pressure. The analyses focused on the rebar stress in two statuses： （1） normal construction status without shield machine squeezing; （2） squeezing action induced by shield machine under attitude deflection. The analyses indicated that the rebar stress was evidently affected by the construction loads. In different construction status, the rebar stress ranges from -80 MPa to 50 MPa, and the rebar is in elastic status. Even some cracks appear on segments, the stress of segment rebar is still at a low level. It is helpful to incorporate a certain quantity of steel fiber to improve the anti-crack and shock resistance performance.
基金Sponsored by National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China(2006AA03Z518)National KeyTechnology Research and Development Program in 11th Five-Year Plan of China(2007BAE30B05)
文摘The corrosion resistance of the developed 400 MPa grade rebar was evaluated by a series of experiments, including cycles of corrosion-accelerating tests in the simulated concrete pore solution and reinforced concrete cube corrosion-accelerating tests and in situ exposure experiments in chloride ions condition. In addition, the tensile and bending properties and the connection adaptability of the developed rebar were investigated. The results verify that the comprehensive properties of the corrosion-resistant rebar are excellent. The tensile and bending properties of the rebar are up to the standard of GB1499-2007. The common welding method and the mechanical connection technology of knob-cut roiled parallel thread splicing are suitable for the rebar.
基金Item Sponsored by Financial Supports From National Pillar Program of China(2007DAE30B02)
文摘An analytic model based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA has been developed on the cold rolling process for Q235 steel rebar with 12 mm in diameter. The elastic-plastic finite element method (FEM) and the cold deformation resistance model of Q235 steel were adopted in this model. Deformation uniformity of the final product has been analyzed using this model. The results indicate that the uniformity of the final product is obtained only as the centerline of the bending rolls is vertical to the centerline of the driven roll and parallel to the centerline of the drive roll in the whole rolling process. Besides, the number of the bending rolls must even realize the continuous bending and reverse bending process. Also, the number of the bending rolls must match the deformation degree of the workpiece in the cold rolling process. The validity of this finite element model was verified by the size and distribution of grains from the billet to the rebar in a practical cold rolling process.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51178230,51378269,5142010501)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2015CB655100)the Qingdao Science and Technological Foundation(Nos.13-1-4-176-jch,13-1-4-115-jch)
文摘The corrosion of rebar in reinforced concrete in marine environments causes significant damage to structures built in ocean environments. Studies on the process and mechanism of corrosion of rebar in the presence of multiple ions may help to control damage and predict the service life of reinforced concrete structures in such environments. The effect of interactions between sulfate and chloride ions and calcium hydroxide on the electrochemical behavior ofrebar are also important for evaluation of structure durability. In this work, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） plots of rebar in Ca（OH）2 solution and cement grout, including NaC1 and Na2SO4 as aggressive salts, were measured for different immersion times. The results show that corrosion of rebar was controlled by the rate of charge transfer as the rebar was exposed to chloride solution. In the presence of high concentrations of sulfate ions in the electrolyte, generation and dissolution of the passive film proceeded simultaneously and corrosion was mainly controlled by the diffusion rate. When Na2SO4 and NaC1 were added to Ca（OH）2 solution, the instantaneous corrosion rate decreased by a factor of 10 to 20 as a result of the higher pH of the corroding solution.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50772084)
文摘In this paper, we have studied the anti-rebar corrosion ability of high-strength concrete （HSC）, which were made by one or two mixed fly ash and slag. The different effects of fly ash and slag on concrete anti-rebar corrosion ability were discussed in chloride ion-contaminated condition. The results indicate that the effects of slag on concrete anti-chloride ion penetration ability are more excellent than that of fly ash at the same content. When the content of fly ash is 10%, the corrosion-inhibition action is not obvious; when the content is higher than 25%, this effect is remarkable. Corrosion-inhibition action of slag is better than that of fly ash. Slag is not like fly ash that has obvious effect on anode curves Tafer slope, so its contribution to restraining rebar in concrete corrosion is the result of high concrete anti-chloride ion penetration ability and binding chloride ion. Their ＂superimposition effect＂ can be realized only at reasonable content and proportion condition.
基金Project (No. 502019) supported by the Natural Science Foundationof Zhejiang Province, China
文摘The electrochemical behavior of metallic passive film on rebar in concrete is characterized by its semiconductive nature. The charge distribution at the interface between a semiconductor and an electrolyte is often determined by measuring the capacitance of the space-charge layer （Csc） as a function of the electrode potential （E）. When the space charge-layer serves as the depletion layer, the relation of Csc^-2 vs E resembles a Mott-Schottky plot （M-S plot）. The semiconductive properties of the passive film on rebar in concrete were analyzed with M-S plots to study the effect of chloride ions and mineral admixtures on rebar passive films. Some rebar electrodes were immersed in simulated concrete pore solutions, while others were embedded in concrete with/without mineral admixtures. In saturated Ca（OH）, solutions, the relation of Csc^-2-E of rebar electrodes shows linear MottSchottky relationship indicating that the passive film on rebar is a highly disordered n-type semiconductor, with donor density （ND） in the order of 10^26m^-3. After adding chloride ions （Cl wt%〈0.2%） in system solutions, the M-S plot slopes significantly decreased and ND increased, suggesting that chloride ion will cause passive film corrosion and breakdown. The M-S plots of the passive film on rebar electrodes embedded in concrete were similar to those immersed in simulated system solution. However, ND of those in concrete with mineral admixtures tended to be a little smaller, indicating that introducing proper quantity admixtures into concrete could make the rebar passive film have a thicker space-charge layer and therefore a thicker passive film layer.
基金supported financially by the Strategic Precursor Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA13040500)
文摘Experiments were carried out to investigate the corrosion behavior of epoxy-coated rebar （ECR） with pinhole defect（diameter in hundreds of microns） immersed in the uncarbonated/carbonated simulated pore solution （SPS） of seawaterconcrete. Corrosion behavior was analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The composition and morphologyof corrosion products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive spectrometry and scanning electronmicroscopy. Meanwhile, oxide film produced by preheating before spray coating was investigated by X-ray photoelectronspectroscopy and Mott-Schottky technology. Results indicated that corrosion behavior of ECR with pinhole defectexhibited three stages when immersed in the uncarbonated/carbonated SPS. In the initial stage, steel in defect waspassivated when exposed in the uncarbonated SPS and corroded when exposed in the carbonated SPS, due to competitiveadsorption between chloride and hydroxyl ions. In the second stage, the oxide film under coating reconstituted （thethickness and defects density decreasing） in the uncarbonated SPS, which was caused by the synergy between highhydroxide and chloride activity, while in the carbonated SPS, crevice corrosion happened under the coating around pinhole,because of the different oxygen concentrations cell at the coating/steel interface. In the third stage, localized corrosionoccurred under the coating around the pinhole in the uncarbonated SPS, which was probably induced by ion diffusion at thenano-scale coating/steel interface. The corrosion products adjacent to the defects were re-oxidized from FeCIa.4HaO andFe2（OH）3Cl to Fe2O3.H2O, and the corrosion area was expanded outward in the carbonated SPS.
