After describing the characteristics of programming paradigm, this paper introduces the approach of code component composition reuse in detail, proposes and discusses viewpoint that code component composition reuse is...After describing the characteristics of programming paradigm, this paper introduces the approach of code component composition reuse in detail, proposes and discusses viewpoint that code component composition reuse is a kind of new programming paradigm. This paper also specifies the characteristics of this new programming paradigm in detail, and points out some issues that must be resolved for using this new programming paradigm.展开更多
Reflective real-time component model is a special component model, which can identify timing constraint characteristics of component and support dynamic design-time amendment of real-time component according to users...Reflective real-time component model is a special component model, which can identify timing constraint characteristics of component and support dynamic design-time amendment of real-time component according to users＇ requirements. The reflective real-time component runtime environment is a bearing space and reflective infrastructure for this special component model. It consists of three parts and manages the lifecycle and various relevant services of reflective real-time component. In this paper its mechanism and relevant key techniques in design and realization are formally specified with the communicating sequential processing （CSP） and the extended timed communicating sequential processing （TCSP）. Finally a prototype is established. Experimental study shows that this runtime environment can introduce a relevant reflective infrastructure guaranteeing dynamic and real-time features of software component.展开更多
Diesel accounts for over 60%of the products derived from direct coal liquefaction(DCL).Compared to petroleum-based diesel,DCL diesel exhibits a cetane number ranging from 30 to 40,which fails to meet the automotive di...Diesel accounts for over 60%of the products derived from direct coal liquefaction(DCL).Compared to petroleum-based diesel,DCL diesel exhibits a cetane number ranging from 30 to 40,which fails to meet the automotive diesel standard requirement of≥45.Therefore,rapid and accurate analysis of its chemical composition is crucial for property optimization to meet fuel specifications by component blending.Thought traditional methods like gas chromatography offer high accuracy,they are unsuitable for rapid online analysis under industrial conditions.Near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy can provide advantages in rapid,non-destructive analysis.Its application however,is limited by the complexity of spectral data interpretation.Machine learning(ML)is effective method for extracting valuable information from spectra and establishing high-precision prediction models.This study integrates NIR spectroscopy with ML to construct a spectral-composition database for DCL diesel.Feature extraction was performed using the correlation coefficient and mutual information methods to screen key wavelength variables and reduce data dimensionality.Subsequently,the predictive performance of three ML models—Lasso,SVR and XGBoost—was compared.Results indicate that excluding spectral data with absorbance greater than 1 significantly enhances model accuracy,increasing the test set R^(2) from 0.85 to 0.96.After feature extraction,the optimal number of wavelength variables was reduced to 177,substantially improving computational efficiency.Among the models evaluated,the SVR-MI-0.9 model,based on mutual information feature selection,demonstrated the best performance,achieving training and test set R^(2) values both exceeding 0.98.This model enables precise prediction of paraffin,naphthene,and aromatic hydrocarbon contents.This research provides a robust methodology for intelligent online quality monitoring.An intelligent NIR spectroscopy data analysis software was independently developed based on the established model.Compared with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography,the software reduced the analysis time by over 98%,with an absolute prediction error below 0.2%.Thus,rapid analysis of DCL diesel components was successfully realized.展开更多
Due to the fact that the existing web service description methods cannot address the issue of service reuse of various levels of granularity, the concept of service component is introduced, which packages together web...Due to the fact that the existing web service description methods cannot address the issue of service reuse of various levels of granularity, the concept of service component is introduced, which packages together web services and choreography, and their operations and properties are presented in a consistent and uniform manner. Service components are published externally as normal web services and can thus be employed by webbased applications. In order to improve reusability and testability of service components, the concept of composition pattern is also proposed, which presents the relationships among service components. The relationships and relationship compositions have a rigorous semantic, so that composite components can be validated at the configuration stage. The composition patterns support to integrate service components of various levels of granularity. Experience indicates that the application assembly can effectively be conducted by understanding, selecting, and reusing components easily.展开更多
To determine the chemical composition of Galla chinensisextract （GCE） by several analysis techniques and to compare the efficacy of GCE and its main component（s） in inhibition of enamel demineralization, for the d...To determine the chemical composition of Galla chinensisextract （GCE） by several analysis techniques and to compare the efficacy of GCE and its main component（s） in inhibition of enamel demineralization, for the development of future anticaries agents, main organic composition of GCE was qualitatively determined by liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry （LC-TOF-MS） and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector （HPLC-DAD）. Inorganic ions were tested by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy and F was especially measured by ion chromatography. Then, bovine enamel blocks were randomly divided into four treatment groups and were subjected to a pH-cycling regime for 12 times. Each cycle included 5-min applications with one of four treatments： 4g.L-1 GCE solution, 4g.L-1 gallic acid （GA） solution, I g.L-1 NaF solution （positive control）, deionized water （DDW, negative control）, and then 60-min application in pH 5.0 acidic buffer and 5-min application in neutral buffer. Acidic buffers were retained for calcium analysis. The main organic composition of GCE were GA and its isomer, and, to a lesser extent, small molecule gallotannins. The content of GA in GCE was 71.3%±0.2% （w/w）. Inorganic ions were present in various amounts, of which Ca was （136±2.82） μg.g-1, and Zn was （6.8±0.1） μg.g-1. No F was detected in GCE. in pH cycling, GA showed an effect similar to GCE in inhibiting enamel demineralization （P〉0.05）. GA was found to be the main effective, demineralization inhibiting component of GCE and could be a promising agent for the development of anticaries agents.展开更多
How to compose prefabricated components is a key issue in component-based reuse. Research on Software Architecture (SA) and Component-based Software Development (CBSD) provides two hopeful solutions from different per...How to compose prefabricated components is a key issue in component-based reuse. Research on Software Architecture (SA) and Component-based Software Development (CBSD) provides two hopeful solutions from different perspectives. SA provides a top-down approach to realizing component-based reuse. However, it pays insufficient attention to the refinement and implementation of the architectural descriptions, and does not provide the necessary capability to automate the transformation or composition to form a final executable application. CBSD provides a bottom-up way by using existing middleware infrastructures. However, these technologies do not take into account the systematic methodology that can guide the CBSD process, especially the component composition at higher abstract levels. We argue that it is a natural solution to combine these two approaches.In this paper, an architecture-based component composition approach is presented. In this way, SA description, using mapping rules and mini-tools to narrow the gap between design and implementation , is used as the blueprint and middleware technology as the runtime scaffold for component composition. Our approach presents an ADL, which supports user-defined connectors and has an extensible framework, to specify software architectures. To map a SA description into implementation, it is necessary to map it first to an OO design model described in UML, then to the final implementation. The architectural description can be mapped into source code or executable code by using some ORB conforming to CORBA standard. Also a toolkit is provided to support this approach efficiently.展开更多
A technology for unintended lane departure warning was proposed. As crucial information, lane boundaries were detected based on principal component analysis of grayscale distribution in search bars of given number and...A technology for unintended lane departure warning was proposed. As crucial information, lane boundaries were detected based on principal component analysis of grayscale distribution in search bars of given number and then each search bar was tracked using Kalman filter between frames. The lane detection performance was evaluated and demonstrated in ways of receiver operating characteristic, dice similarity coefficient and real-time performance. For lane departure detection, a lane departure risk evaluation model based on lasting time and frequency was effectively executed on the ARM-based platform. Experimental results indicate that the algorithm generates satisfactory lane detection results under different traffic and lighting conditions, and the proposed warning mechanism sends effective warning signals, avoiding most false warning.展开更多
Phosphorus-based anode is a promising anode for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its high specific capacity,however,suffers from poor electronic conductivity and unfavorable electrochemical reversibility.Incorporating...Phosphorus-based anode is a promising anode for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its high specific capacity,however,suffers from poor electronic conductivity and unfavorable electrochemical reversibility.Incorporating metals such as copper(Cu)into phosphorus has been demonstrated to not only improve the electronic conductivity but also accommodate the volume change during cycling,yet the underline sodiation mechanism is not clear.Herein,take a copper phosphide and reduced graphene oxide(CuP_(2)/C)composite as an example,which delivers a high reversible capacity of>900 mAh/g.Interestingly,it is revealed that the native oxidation PO_(x)components of the CuP_(2)/C composite show higher electrochemical reversibility than the bulk Cu P_(2),based on a quantitative analysis of high-resolution solid-state^(31)P NMR,ex-situ XPS and synchrotron X-ray diffraction characterization techniques.The sodiation products Na_(3)PO_(4) and Na_(4)P_(2)O_(7) derived from PO_(x) could react with Na-P alloys and regenerate to PO_(x) during charge process,which probably accounts for the high reversible capacity of the Cu P_(2)/C anode.The findings also illustrate that the phosphorus transforms into nanocrystalline Na_(3)P and Na_(x)P alloys,which laterally shows crystallization-amorphization evolution process during cycling.展开更多
Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric approach（1CP-OES） is used to determine the potassium content as principal component in pyrotechnic compositions used for fireworks and firecrackers. Element ...Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric approach（1CP-OES） is used to determine the potassium content as principal component in pyrotechnic compositions used for fireworks and firecrackers. Element of potassium is conunonly found in potassium nitrate and potassium perchlorate in pyrotechnic compositions in fireworks and firecrackers. Statistical analysis shows that potassium nitrate content in pyrotechnics is between 10% to 60% and the potassium perchlorate content is between 20% to 70%,which counted in the content of potassium element is between 4% to 23%. Concept of this method： considering the weight of the sample is 400rag,constant volume is 1L and the concentration of potassium is between 10 mg/L to 90 mg/L in sample solution, the determination scope of the method for the potassium content would be between 1% to 23%.Further experiments proved that the fitting correlation coefficient of potassium calibration curve is 0.9997 or higher, recovery is 89.15%-100.23%.The allowable differential value is 0.4% between two single tests under repeatable conditions. This method can completely satisfy the requirements of the fireworks and firecrackers industry with high accuracy and good precision.展开更多
Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric approach（ICP-OES）is used to determine the magnesium and aluminum content as principal components in pyrotechnic compositions used for fireworks and firecrack...Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric approach（ICP-OES）is used to determine the magnesium and aluminum content as principal components in pyrotechnic compositions used for fireworks and firecrackers. Elements of magnesium and aluminum are commonly found in aluminum powder or magnesium-aluminum alloy powder in pyrotechnic compositions in fireworks and firecrackers. Statistical analysis shows that the magnesium content in pyrotechnics is between 8% to 30% and the aluminum content is between 8% to 35%（roughly）.Concept of this method： suppose the weight of the sample is 400rag,constant volume is IL and the concentlation of magnesium and aluminum is between 12mg/L to 160mg/L in sample solution, the determination scope of the method for magnesium and aluminum content would be between 3% to 40%.Further experiments proved that the fitting correlation coefficient of the magnesium calibration curve is 0.9999 or higher, recovery is 101.01% -101.96%.The fitting correlation coefficient of the aluminum calibration curve is 0.9999 or higher, recovery is 99.36%-103.07%. The allowable differential value is 0.4% between two single tests under repeatable conditions. This method can completely satisfy the requirements of the fireworks and firecrackers industry with high accuracy and good precision.展开更多
The sensitivity of aerosol radiative properties (i.e., scattering coefficient, extinction coefficient, single scatter albedo, and asymmetry factor) and radiation transmission to aerosol composition, size distributions...The sensitivity of aerosol radiative properties (i.e., scattering coefficient, extinction coefficient, single scatter albedo, and asymmetry factor) and radiation transmission to aerosol composition, size distributions, and relative humidity (RH) is examined in this paper. Mie calculations and radiation calculations using a tropospheric visible radiation model are performed. The aerosol systems considered include inorganic and organic ions (e.g., Cl-, Br-, , , Na+, , K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCOO-, CH3COO-, CH3CH2COO-, CH3COCOO-, OOCCOO2-, MSA1-), and (2) water-insoluble inorganic and organic compounds e.g., (black carbon, n-alkanes, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and other organic compounds). The partial molar refraction method and the volume-average method are used to calculate the real and imaginary parts of refractive index of real aerosols, respectively. The sensitivity simulations show that extinction coefficient increases by 70% when RH varies from 0 to 80%. Both extinction coefficient and asymmetry factor increase by ~48% when real part varies from 1.40 to 1.65. Scattering coefficient and single scattering albedo decrease by 18% and 24%, respectively, when the imaginary part varies from –0.005 to –0.1. Scattering and extinction coefficients increase by factors of 118 and 123, respectively, when the geometric mean radius varies from 0.05 to 0.3 ?m. Scattering and extinction coefficients and asymmetry factor increase by factors of 389, 334, and 5.4, respectively, when geometric standard deviation varies from 1.2 to 3.0. The sensitivity simulations using a tropospheric visible radiation model show that the radiation transmission is very sensitive to the change in geometric mean radius and standard deviation;other factors are insignificant.展开更多
An explicit topology optimization method for the stiffener layout of composite stiffened panels is proposed based on moving morphable components(MMCs).The skin and stiffeners are considered as panels with different be...An explicit topology optimization method for the stiffener layout of composite stiffened panels is proposed based on moving morphable components(MMCs).The skin and stiffeners are considered as panels with different bending stiffnesses,with the use of equivalent stiffness method.Then the location and geometric properties of composite stiffeners are determined by several MMCs to perform topology optimization,which can greatly simplify the finite element model.With the objective of maximizing structural stiffness,several typical cases with various loading and boundary conditions are selected as numerical examples to demonstrate the proposed method.The numerical examples illustrate that the proposed method can provide clear stiffener layout and explicit geometry information,which is not limited within the framework of parameter and size optimization.The mechanical properties of composite stiffened panels can be fully enhanced.展开更多
A novel La-Co-O-C (LC-C) composites were prepared via a facile co-hydrothermal route with oxides and glycerol and further optimized for methane catalytic activity and thermal stability via component regulation.It was ...A novel La-Co-O-C (LC-C) composites were prepared via a facile co-hydrothermal route with oxides and glycerol and further optimized for methane catalytic activity and thermal stability via component regulation.It was demonstrated that Co3O_(4)phase was the main component in regulation.The combined results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),temperature-programmed desorption of oxygen (O_(2)-TPD),temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H_(2)-TPR),temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia/carbon dioxide (NH_(3)/CO_(2)-TPD) revealed that component regulation led to more oxygen vacancies and exposure of surface Co_(2)+,lower surface basicity and optimized acidity,which were beneficial for adsorption of active oxygen species and activation of methane molecules,resulting in the excellent catalytic oxidation performance.Especially,the (3.5)LC-C (3.5 is Co-to-La molar ratio) showed the optimum activity and the T50and T90(the temperature at which the CH_(4)conversion rate was 50%and 90%,respectively) were 318 and 367℃,respectively.Using theoretical calculations and in situ diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy characterization,it was also found that the catalytic mechanism changes from the “Rideal-Eley” mechanism to the “Two-term” mechanism depending on the temperature windows in which the reaction takes place.Besides,the use of the “Flynn-Wall-Ozawa” model in thermoanalytical kinetics revealed that component regulation simultaneously optimized the decomposition activation energy,further expanding the application scope of carboncontaining composites.展开更多
A new approach for fabricating B4C/Cu graded composite by rapid self-resistance sintering under ultra-high pressure was presented, by which a near dense B4C/Cu graded composite with a compositional spectrum of 0-100% ...A new approach for fabricating B4C/Cu graded composite by rapid self-resistance sintering under ultra-high pressure was presented, by which a near dense B4C/Cu graded composite with a compositional spectrum of 0-100% was successfully fabricated. Plasma relevant performances of sintered B4C/Cu composite were preliminarily characterized, it is found that its chemical sputtering yield is 70% lower than that of SMF800 nuclear graphite under 2.7keV D+ irradiation, and almost no damages after 66 shots of in situ plasma discharge in HL-1 Tokamak facility, which indicates B4C/Cu plasma facing component has a good physical and chemical sputtering resistance performance compared with nuclear graphite.展开更多
Contact angle of ethylene glycol and formamide on (100) faces of NaCl, KCl, and KBr single crystal was measured, and the specific surface free energy (SSFE) was calculated. Dispersion component of the SSFE was 90.57, ...Contact angle of ethylene glycol and formamide on (100) faces of NaCl, KCl, and KBr single crystal was measured, and the specific surface free energy (SSFE) was calculated. Dispersion component of the SSFE was 90.57, 93.78, and 99.52 mN·m-1 for NaCl, KCl, and KBr, respectively. Polar component of the SSFE was 1.05, 0.65, and 0.45 mN·m-1 for NaCl, KCl, and KBr. Such a large ratio of dispersion component of SSFE results from the neutrality of the crystal surface of alkali halide. Lattice component of alkali halide is 780, 717 and 689 kJ·mol-1 for NaCl, KCl, and KBr. The larger lattice enthalpy decreases dispersion component, and increases polar component of the SSFE. The larger lattice enthalpy is considered to enhance the rumpling of the crystal surface more strongly, and such rumpling is considered to decrease the neutrality of the crystal surface.展开更多
Background:The simplest and most convenient food technology is the using of dry composite mixtures.They have a lot of advantages.Dry composite mixtures,which would completely be the basis for the production of persona...Background:The simplest and most convenient food technology is the using of dry composite mixtures.They have a lot of advantages.Dry composite mixtures,which would completely be the basis for the production of personalized food concentrates,are not represented.The development of such dry composite mixtures is actual and of scientific and practical interest.The purpose of this research is the selection and justification of local import-substituting raw materials components for dry composite mixtures used as the basis for the production of food concentrates.As the objects of research,the raw materials components of the starch,fruit and vegetable,industry were selected.The work uses currently accepted standard research methods for organoleptic and physic-chemical parameters of raw materials components.The research was carried out within of the project“Theoretical Substantiation of Production Technology and the Development of Import-Substituting Food Products of Functional Purpose Based on Dry Composite Mixtures”,funded by the Belarusian Republican Foundation for Basic Research.Based on the researches,it was found out that in the composition of dry composite mixtures for the production of food concentrates it is expedient to use the following raw materials:potato starch,extruded corn starch,dried carrots,dried beets,dried topinambur and dried apples in chopped form.展开更多
Introduction: Accurate postoperative alignment and implant positioning are determinant factors for successful total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Patient-specific template (PST) is a technique that uses computer technology...Introduction: Accurate postoperative alignment and implant positioning are determinant factors for successful total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Patient-specific template (PST) is a technique that uses computer technology for the planning, deigning and production of cutting guides. This study aims to compare PST to conventional technique in terms of mechanical axis alignment and component positioning. Patients and method: 109 TKA were performed for 78 patients in 2 groups. Group A included 69 conventional TKA in 55 patients and Group B included 40 patient-specific TKA in 23 patient. Postoperative long-film X-rays were done for all patients to observe the mechanical axis, anatomical axis, lateral distal femoral mechanical angle and medial proximal tibial angle. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups regarding alignment or component positioning. Conclusion: Both techniques have shown similar results in restoring the mechanical axis and alignment after TKA. However, PST had the advantages of reduced blood loss and shorter operative time.展开更多
文摘After describing the characteristics of programming paradigm, this paper introduces the approach of code component composition reuse in detail, proposes and discusses viewpoint that code component composition reuse is a kind of new programming paradigm. This paper also specifies the characteristics of this new programming paradigm in detail, and points out some issues that must be resolved for using this new programming paradigm.
基金the National Defence Foundation of China(Grant No.10104010201)
文摘Reflective real-time component model is a special component model, which can identify timing constraint characteristics of component and support dynamic design-time amendment of real-time component according to users＇ requirements. The reflective real-time component runtime environment is a bearing space and reflective infrastructure for this special component model. It consists of three parts and manages the lifecycle and various relevant services of reflective real-time component. In this paper its mechanism and relevant key techniques in design and realization are formally specified with the communicating sequential processing （CSP） and the extended timed communicating sequential processing （TCSP）. Finally a prototype is established. Experimental study shows that this runtime environment can introduce a relevant reflective infrastructure guaranteeing dynamic and real-time features of software component.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24B6018,22178243)。
文摘Diesel accounts for over 60%of the products derived from direct coal liquefaction(DCL).Compared to petroleum-based diesel,DCL diesel exhibits a cetane number ranging from 30 to 40,which fails to meet the automotive diesel standard requirement of≥45.Therefore,rapid and accurate analysis of its chemical composition is crucial for property optimization to meet fuel specifications by component blending.Thought traditional methods like gas chromatography offer high accuracy,they are unsuitable for rapid online analysis under industrial conditions.Near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy can provide advantages in rapid,non-destructive analysis.Its application however,is limited by the complexity of spectral data interpretation.Machine learning(ML)is effective method for extracting valuable information from spectra and establishing high-precision prediction models.This study integrates NIR spectroscopy with ML to construct a spectral-composition database for DCL diesel.Feature extraction was performed using the correlation coefficient and mutual information methods to screen key wavelength variables and reduce data dimensionality.Subsequently,the predictive performance of three ML models—Lasso,SVR and XGBoost—was compared.Results indicate that excluding spectral data with absorbance greater than 1 significantly enhances model accuracy,increasing the test set R^(2) from 0.85 to 0.96.After feature extraction,the optimal number of wavelength variables was reduced to 177,substantially improving computational efficiency.Among the models evaluated,the SVR-MI-0.9 model,based on mutual information feature selection,demonstrated the best performance,achieving training and test set R^(2) values both exceeding 0.98.This model enables precise prediction of paraffin,naphthene,and aromatic hydrocarbon contents.This research provides a robust methodology for intelligent online quality monitoring.An intelligent NIR spectroscopy data analysis software was independently developed based on the established model.Compared with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography,the software reduced the analysis time by over 98%,with an absolute prediction error below 0.2%.Thus,rapid analysis of DCL diesel components was successfully realized.
基金The National Basic Research Program of China (973Program) (No.1999032710).
文摘Due to the fact that the existing web service description methods cannot address the issue of service reuse of various levels of granularity, the concept of service component is introduced, which packages together web services and choreography, and their operations and properties are presented in a consistent and uniform manner. Service components are published externally as normal web services and can thus be employed by webbased applications. In order to improve reusability and testability of service components, the concept of composition pattern is also proposed, which presents the relationships among service components. The relationships and relationship compositions have a rigorous semantic, so that composite components can be validated at the configuration stage. The composition patterns support to integrate service components of various levels of granularity. Experience indicates that the application assembly can effectively be conducted by understanding, selecting, and reusing components easily.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 30572409 and 30430800)Youth Foundation of Sichuan Province in China (grant no. 07ZQ026-020)
文摘To determine the chemical composition of Galla chinensisextract （GCE） by several analysis techniques and to compare the efficacy of GCE and its main component（s） in inhibition of enamel demineralization, for the development of future anticaries agents, main organic composition of GCE was qualitatively determined by liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry （LC-TOF-MS） and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector （HPLC-DAD）. Inorganic ions were tested by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy and F was especially measured by ion chromatography. Then, bovine enamel blocks were randomly divided into four treatment groups and were subjected to a pH-cycling regime for 12 times. Each cycle included 5-min applications with one of four treatments： 4g.L-1 GCE solution, 4g.L-1 gallic acid （GA） solution, I g.L-1 NaF solution （positive control）, deionized water （DDW, negative control）, and then 60-min application in pH 5.0 acidic buffer and 5-min application in neutral buffer. Acidic buffers were retained for calcium analysis. The main organic composition of GCE were GA and its isomer, and, to a lesser extent, small molecule gallotannins. The content of GA in GCE was 71.3%±0.2% （w/w）. Inorganic ions were present in various amounts, of which Ca was （136±2.82） μg.g-1, and Zn was （6.8±0.1） μg.g-1. No F was detected in GCE. in pH cycling, GA showed an effect similar to GCE in inhibiting enamel demineralization （P〉0.05）. GA was found to be the main effective, demineralization inhibiting component of GCE and could be a promising agent for the development of anticaries agents.
基金This work was supported by the 9th State Five-Year Plan, State 863 High-Tech Program, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China It also got support from Bell-Labs China and Software Production Research of Bell-Labs.
文摘How to compose prefabricated components is a key issue in component-based reuse. Research on Software Architecture (SA) and Component-based Software Development (CBSD) provides two hopeful solutions from different perspectives. SA provides a top-down approach to realizing component-based reuse. However, it pays insufficient attention to the refinement and implementation of the architectural descriptions, and does not provide the necessary capability to automate the transformation or composition to form a final executable application. CBSD provides a bottom-up way by using existing middleware infrastructures. However, these technologies do not take into account the systematic methodology that can guide the CBSD process, especially the component composition at higher abstract levels. We argue that it is a natural solution to combine these two approaches.In this paper, an architecture-based component composition approach is presented. In this way, SA description, using mapping rules and mini-tools to narrow the gap between design and implementation , is used as the blueprint and middleware technology as the runtime scaffold for component composition. Our approach presents an ADL, which supports user-defined connectors and has an extensible framework, to specify software architectures. To map a SA description into implementation, it is necessary to map it first to an OO design model described in UML, then to the final implementation. The architectural description can be mapped into source code or executable code by using some ORB conforming to CORBA standard. Also a toolkit is provided to support this approach efficiently.
基金Project(51175159)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013WK3024)supported by the Science andTechnology Planning Program of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(CX2013B146)supported by the Hunan Provincial InnovationFoundation for Postgraduate,China
文摘A technology for unintended lane departure warning was proposed. As crucial information, lane boundaries were detected based on principal component analysis of grayscale distribution in search bars of given number and then each search bar was tracked using Kalman filter between frames. The lane detection performance was evaluated and demonstrated in ways of receiver operating characteristic, dice similarity coefficient and real-time performance. For lane departure detection, a lane departure risk evaluation model based on lasting time and frequency was effectively executed on the ARM-based platform. Experimental results indicate that the algorithm generates satisfactory lane detection results under different traffic and lighting conditions, and the proposed warning mechanism sends effective warning signals, avoiding most false warning.
基金financially supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.21805278,22272175 and 22209075)the Fujian Science and Technology Planning Projects of China(Nos.2022T3067 and 2023H0045)+1 种基金the Self-deployment Project Research Programs of Haixi Institutes,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.CXZX-2022-JQ12)the Self-deployment project of XIREM(No.2023GG02)。
文摘Phosphorus-based anode is a promising anode for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its high specific capacity,however,suffers from poor electronic conductivity and unfavorable electrochemical reversibility.Incorporating metals such as copper(Cu)into phosphorus has been demonstrated to not only improve the electronic conductivity but also accommodate the volume change during cycling,yet the underline sodiation mechanism is not clear.Herein,take a copper phosphide and reduced graphene oxide(CuP_(2)/C)composite as an example,which delivers a high reversible capacity of>900 mAh/g.Interestingly,it is revealed that the native oxidation PO_(x)components of the CuP_(2)/C composite show higher electrochemical reversibility than the bulk Cu P_(2),based on a quantitative analysis of high-resolution solid-state^(31)P NMR,ex-situ XPS and synchrotron X-ray diffraction characterization techniques.The sodiation products Na_(3)PO_(4) and Na_(4)P_(2)O_(7) derived from PO_(x) could react with Na-P alloys and regenerate to PO_(x) during charge process,which probably accounts for the high reversible capacity of the Cu P_(2)/C anode.The findings also illustrate that the phosphorus transforms into nanocrystalline Na_(3)P and Na_(x)P alloys,which laterally shows crystallization-amorphization evolution process during cycling.
文摘Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric approach（1CP-OES） is used to determine the potassium content as principal component in pyrotechnic compositions used for fireworks and firecrackers. Element of potassium is conunonly found in potassium nitrate and potassium perchlorate in pyrotechnic compositions in fireworks and firecrackers. Statistical analysis shows that potassium nitrate content in pyrotechnics is between 10% to 60% and the potassium perchlorate content is between 20% to 70%,which counted in the content of potassium element is between 4% to 23%. Concept of this method： considering the weight of the sample is 400rag,constant volume is 1L and the concentration of potassium is between 10 mg/L to 90 mg/L in sample solution, the determination scope of the method for the potassium content would be between 1% to 23%.Further experiments proved that the fitting correlation coefficient of potassium calibration curve is 0.9997 or higher, recovery is 89.15%-100.23%.The allowable differential value is 0.4% between two single tests under repeatable conditions. This method can completely satisfy the requirements of the fireworks and firecrackers industry with high accuracy and good precision.
文摘Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric approach（ICP-OES）is used to determine the magnesium and aluminum content as principal components in pyrotechnic compositions used for fireworks and firecrackers. Elements of magnesium and aluminum are commonly found in aluminum powder or magnesium-aluminum alloy powder in pyrotechnic compositions in fireworks and firecrackers. Statistical analysis shows that the magnesium content in pyrotechnics is between 8% to 30% and the aluminum content is between 8% to 35%（roughly）.Concept of this method： suppose the weight of the sample is 400rag,constant volume is IL and the concentlation of magnesium and aluminum is between 12mg/L to 160mg/L in sample solution, the determination scope of the method for magnesium and aluminum content would be between 3% to 40%.Further experiments proved that the fitting correlation coefficient of the magnesium calibration curve is 0.9999 or higher, recovery is 101.01% -101.96%.The fitting correlation coefficient of the aluminum calibration curve is 0.9999 or higher, recovery is 99.36%-103.07%. The allowable differential value is 0.4% between two single tests under repeatable conditions. This method can completely satisfy the requirements of the fireworks and firecrackers industry with high accuracy and good precision.
文摘The sensitivity of aerosol radiative properties (i.e., scattering coefficient, extinction coefficient, single scatter albedo, and asymmetry factor) and radiation transmission to aerosol composition, size distributions, and relative humidity (RH) is examined in this paper. Mie calculations and radiation calculations using a tropospheric visible radiation model are performed. The aerosol systems considered include inorganic and organic ions (e.g., Cl-, Br-, , , Na+, , K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCOO-, CH3COO-, CH3CH2COO-, CH3COCOO-, OOCCOO2-, MSA1-), and (2) water-insoluble inorganic and organic compounds e.g., (black carbon, n-alkanes, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and other organic compounds). The partial molar refraction method and the volume-average method are used to calculate the real and imaginary parts of refractive index of real aerosols, respectively. The sensitivity simulations show that extinction coefficient increases by 70% when RH varies from 0 to 80%. Both extinction coefficient and asymmetry factor increase by ~48% when real part varies from 1.40 to 1.65. Scattering coefficient and single scattering albedo decrease by 18% and 24%, respectively, when the imaginary part varies from –0.005 to –0.1. Scattering and extinction coefficients increase by factors of 118 and 123, respectively, when the geometric mean radius varies from 0.05 to 0.3 ?m. Scattering and extinction coefficients and asymmetry factor increase by factors of 389, 334, and 5.4, respectively, when geometric standard deviation varies from 1.2 to 3.0. The sensitivity simulations using a tropospheric visible radiation model show that the radiation transmission is very sensitive to the change in geometric mean radius and standard deviation;other factors are insignificant.
基金The financial supports from the National Key Research and Development Plan(2016YFB0201601)the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation(11821202)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation(11872138,11702048,11732004 and 11772076)Program for Changjiang Scholars,Innovative Research Team in University(PCSIRT)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2018QNRC001)Liaoning Natural Science Foundation Guidance Plan(20170520293)111 Project(B14013)are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘An explicit topology optimization method for the stiffener layout of composite stiffened panels is proposed based on moving morphable components(MMCs).The skin and stiffeners are considered as panels with different bending stiffnesses,with the use of equivalent stiffness method.Then the location and geometric properties of composite stiffeners are determined by several MMCs to perform topology optimization,which can greatly simplify the finite element model.With the objective of maximizing structural stiffness,several typical cases with various loading and boundary conditions are selected as numerical examples to demonstrate the proposed method.The numerical examples illustrate that the proposed method can provide clear stiffener layout and explicit geometry information,which is not limited within the framework of parameter and size optimization.The mechanical properties of composite stiffened panels can be fully enhanced.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.U20A201714)Hebei Education Department (No.QN2021059)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (Nos.B2021208033 and B2021208040)。
文摘A novel La-Co-O-C (LC-C) composites were prepared via a facile co-hydrothermal route with oxides and glycerol and further optimized for methane catalytic activity and thermal stability via component regulation.It was demonstrated that Co3O_(4)phase was the main component in regulation.The combined results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),temperature-programmed desorption of oxygen (O_(2)-TPD),temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H_(2)-TPR),temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia/carbon dioxide (NH_(3)/CO_(2)-TPD) revealed that component regulation led to more oxygen vacancies and exposure of surface Co_(2)+,lower surface basicity and optimized acidity,which were beneficial for adsorption of active oxygen species and activation of methane molecules,resulting in the excellent catalytic oxidation performance.Especially,the (3.5)LC-C (3.5 is Co-to-La molar ratio) showed the optimum activity and the T50and T90(the temperature at which the CH_(4)conversion rate was 50%and 90%,respectively) were 318 and 367℃,respectively.Using theoretical calculations and in situ diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy characterization,it was also found that the catalytic mechanism changes from the “Rideal-Eley” mechanism to the “Two-term” mechanism depending on the temperature windows in which the reaction takes place.Besides,the use of the “Flynn-Wall-Ozawa” model in thermoanalytical kinetics revealed that component regulation simultaneously optimized the decomposition activation energy,further expanding the application scope of carboncontaining composites.
基金This work was financially supported by "863 " key foundation of China (No. 715-011-0230).
文摘A new approach for fabricating B4C/Cu graded composite by rapid self-resistance sintering under ultra-high pressure was presented, by which a near dense B4C/Cu graded composite with a compositional spectrum of 0-100% was successfully fabricated. Plasma relevant performances of sintered B4C/Cu composite were preliminarily characterized, it is found that its chemical sputtering yield is 70% lower than that of SMF800 nuclear graphite under 2.7keV D+ irradiation, and almost no damages after 66 shots of in situ plasma discharge in HL-1 Tokamak facility, which indicates B4C/Cu plasma facing component has a good physical and chemical sputtering resistance performance compared with nuclear graphite.
文摘Contact angle of ethylene glycol and formamide on (100) faces of NaCl, KCl, and KBr single crystal was measured, and the specific surface free energy (SSFE) was calculated. Dispersion component of the SSFE was 90.57, 93.78, and 99.52 mN·m-1 for NaCl, KCl, and KBr, respectively. Polar component of the SSFE was 1.05, 0.65, and 0.45 mN·m-1 for NaCl, KCl, and KBr. Such a large ratio of dispersion component of SSFE results from the neutrality of the crystal surface of alkali halide. Lattice component of alkali halide is 780, 717 and 689 kJ·mol-1 for NaCl, KCl, and KBr. The larger lattice enthalpy decreases dispersion component, and increases polar component of the SSFE. The larger lattice enthalpy is considered to enhance the rumpling of the crystal surface more strongly, and such rumpling is considered to decrease the neutrality of the crystal surface.
文摘Background:The simplest and most convenient food technology is the using of dry composite mixtures.They have a lot of advantages.Dry composite mixtures,which would completely be the basis for the production of personalized food concentrates,are not represented.The development of such dry composite mixtures is actual and of scientific and practical interest.The purpose of this research is the selection and justification of local import-substituting raw materials components for dry composite mixtures used as the basis for the production of food concentrates.As the objects of research,the raw materials components of the starch,fruit and vegetable,industry were selected.The work uses currently accepted standard research methods for organoleptic and physic-chemical parameters of raw materials components.The research was carried out within of the project“Theoretical Substantiation of Production Technology and the Development of Import-Substituting Food Products of Functional Purpose Based on Dry Composite Mixtures”,funded by the Belarusian Republican Foundation for Basic Research.Based on the researches,it was found out that in the composition of dry composite mixtures for the production of food concentrates it is expedient to use the following raw materials:potato starch,extruded corn starch,dried carrots,dried beets,dried topinambur and dried apples in chopped form.
文摘Introduction: Accurate postoperative alignment and implant positioning are determinant factors for successful total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Patient-specific template (PST) is a technique that uses computer technology for the planning, deigning and production of cutting guides. This study aims to compare PST to conventional technique in terms of mechanical axis alignment and component positioning. Patients and method: 109 TKA were performed for 78 patients in 2 groups. Group A included 69 conventional TKA in 55 patients and Group B included 40 patient-specific TKA in 23 patient. Postoperative long-film X-rays were done for all patients to observe the mechanical axis, anatomical axis, lateral distal femoral mechanical angle and medial proximal tibial angle. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups regarding alignment or component positioning. Conclusion: Both techniques have shown similar results in restoring the mechanical axis and alignment after TKA. However, PST had the advantages of reduced blood loss and shorter operative time.
