Real-time interaction with uncertain and dynamic environments is essential for robotic systems to achieve functions such as visual perception,force interaction,spatial obstacle avoidance,and motion planning.To ensure ...Real-time interaction with uncertain and dynamic environments is essential for robotic systems to achieve functions such as visual perception,force interaction,spatial obstacle avoidance,and motion planning.To ensure the reliability and determinism of system execution,a flexible real-time control system architecture and interaction algorithm are required.The ROS framework was designed to improve the reusability of robotic software development by providing a distributed structure,hardware abstraction,message-passing mechanism,and application prototypes.Rich ecosystems for robotic development have been built around ROS1 and ROS2 architectures based on the Linux system.However,because of the fairness scheduling principle of the default Linux system design and the complexity of the kernel,the system does not have real-time computing.To achieve a balance between real-time and non-real-time computing,this paper uses the transmission mechanism of ROS2,combines it with the scheduling mechanism of the Linux operating system,and uses Preempt_RT to enhance the real-time computing of ROS1 and ROS2.The real-time performance evaluation of ROS1 and ROS2 is conducted from multiple perspectives,including throughput,transmission mode,QoS service quality,frequency,number of subscription nodes and EtherCAT master.This paper makes two significant contributions:firstly,it employs Preempt_RT to optimize the native ROS2 system,effectively enhancing the real-time performance of native ROS2 message transmission;secondly,it conducts a comprehensive evaluation of the real-time performance of both native and optimized ROS2 systems.This comparison elucidates the benefits of the optimized ROS2 architecture regarding real-time performance,with results vividly demonstrated through illustrative figures.展开更多
To evaluate and improve the real-time performance of Ethernet for plant automation（EPA） industrial Ethernet,the real-time performance of EPA periodic data transmission was theoretically and experimentally studied.By...To evaluate and improve the real-time performance of Ethernet for plant automation（EPA） industrial Ethernet,the real-time performance of EPA periodic data transmission was theoretically and experimentally studied.By analyzing information transmission regularity and EPA deterministic scheduling mechanism,periodic messages were categorized as different modes according to their entering-queue time.The scheduling characteristics and delivery time of each mode and their interacting relations were studied,during which the models of real-time performance of periodic information transmission in EPA system were established.On this basis,an experimental platform is developed to test the delivery time of periodic messages transmission in EPA system.According to the analysis and the experiment,the main factors that limit the real-time performance of EPA periodic data transmission and the improvement methods were proposed.展开更多
System optimization plays a crucial role in developing VR system after 3D modeling, affecting the system's Immersion and Interaction performance enormously. In this article, several key techniques of optimizing a ...System optimization plays a crucial role in developing VR system after 3D modeling, affecting the system's Immersion and Interaction performance enormously. In this article, several key techniques of optimizing a virtual mining system were discussed: optimizing 3D models to keep the polygon number in VR system within target hardware's processing ability; optimizing texture database to save texture memory with perfect visual effect; optimizing database hierarchy structure to accelerate model retrieval; and optimizing LOD hierarchy structure to speed up rendering.展开更多
The composite time scale(CTS)provides a stable,accurate,and reliable time scale for modern society.The improvement of CTS’s real-time performance will improve its stability,which strengths related applications’perfo...The composite time scale(CTS)provides a stable,accurate,and reliable time scale for modern society.The improvement of CTS’s real-time performance will improve its stability,which strengths related applications’performance.Aiming at this goal,a method achieved by determining the optimal calculation interval and accelerating adjustment stage is proposed in this paper.The determinants of the CTS’s calculation interval(characteristics of the clock ensemble,the measurement noise,the time and frequency synchronization system’s noise and the auxiliary output generator noise floor)are studied and the optimal calculation interval is obtained.We also investigate the effect of ensemble algorithm’s initial parameters on the CTS’s adjustment stage.A strategy to get the reasonable initial parameters of ensemble algorithm is designed.The results show that the adjustment stage can be finished rapidly or even can be shorten to zero with reasonable initial parameters.On this basis,we experimentally generate a distributed CTS with a calculation interval of 500 s and its stability outperforms those of the member clocks when the averaging time is longer than1700 s.The experimental result proves that the CTS’s real-time performance is significantly improved.展开更多
Recently,switched Ethernet has become an active area of research because of its wide uses in industry.However,its uses have various real-time constraints on data communications.This paper analyzes the performance of t...Recently,switched Ethernet has become an active area of research because of its wide uses in industry.However,its uses have various real-time constraints on data communications.This paper analyzes the performance of the line topology switched Ethernet as a data acquisition network.Network calculus theory,which has been successfully applied to assess the real-time performance of packet-switched networks,is used to analyze the networks.To properly describe the activity of switches,a novel approach of modeling data flows into or out of switches is addressed.Based on our model,a concisely analytical expression of the maximal end-to-end delay in line topology switched Ethernet is derived.Finally,the relative simulation results are demonstrated.These results agree well with the analytical results,and thus they validate the data flow modeling techniques.展开更多
The hydropower running and performance can be displayed and analyzed by the real-time remote system. Real-time performance data of the hydraulic turbine unit can be obtained through the analysis of real-time operating...The hydropower running and performance can be displayed and analyzed by the real-time remote system. Real-time performance data of the hydraulic turbine unit can be obtained through the analysis of real-time operating data of the hydraulic turbine unit. It can not only guide significance for long-term operation of hydraulic turbine unit, but also provide a reference for improving the Hydropower hydro efficiency, economic dispatch of hydraulic turbine unit and performance comparison before and after the overhaul.展开更多
A technology called solar energy is a very promising technique, and is considered as the cleanest and the most abundant renewable resource that is naturally available every day. In this paper, a MATLAB environment has...A technology called solar energy is a very promising technique, and is considered as the cleanest and the most abundant renewable resource that is naturally available every day. In this paper, a MATLAB environment has been developed to calculate real-time power incidence on a PV system. It takes into account the time, location, PV tilt, and azimuth angles, and weather conditions to estimate incident power. In this paper, one case study is considered at New York State location. It has been applied to a newly installed 8 kW residential system located in Inwood. The solar panels are made up of silicon HIT (Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin Layer) cells by Panasonic and solar cell rated at 19%. The result shows that the system is performing at its rated efficiency. The calculations involve the determination of direct, diffused and reflected radiation on the panels taking into account the time of the day, location, PV area, and orientations and weather conditions. The cloudiness index may be estimated based on the weather data and included in the calculations. After performing the irradiance calculations, the output power is estimated based on the rated efficiency at its temperature and compared with the generated output power. The real-time assessment of a PV system performance, during the operational time monitors the health of the PV system. The data obtained by this calculator may accompany production data provided to the consumer by the utility company.展开更多
Actors'relocation is utilized during the network initialization to enhance real-time performance of wireless sensor and actor networks(WSANs)which is an important issue of WSANs.The actor deployment problem in WSA...Actors'relocation is utilized during the network initialization to enhance real-time performance of wireless sensor and actor networks(WSANs)which is an important issue of WSANs.The actor deployment problem in WSANs is proved NP-Hard whether the amount of actors is redundant or not,but to the best of our knowledge,no effective distributed algorithms in previous research can solve the problem.Thus two actor deployment strategies which need not the boundary control compared with present deployment strategies are proposed to solve this problem approximately based on the Voronoi diagram.Through simulation experiment,the results show that our distributed strategies are more effective than the present deployment strategies in terms of real-time performance,convergence time and energy consumption.展开更多
A software-based GPS receiver was built to study the relationship between its real-time performance and the configurations of its radio front end.Firstly,the time complexity of the software receiver algorithm was anal...A software-based GPS receiver was built to study the relationship between its real-time performance and the configurations of its radio front end.Firstly,the time complexity of the software receiver algorithm was analyzed.Then,the time-spans of the receiver were tested under different sampling rates separately.Finally,some other experiments were made to find the influences from the SNR performances of the radio front ends and the quantization levels.展开更多
The adsorptive denitrification performance of MIL-101(Cr)-0.5 toward pyridine,aniline or quinoline in simulated fuels with basic nitrogen content of 1732μg/g was evaluated separately.Furthermore,the effects of adsorp...The adsorptive denitrification performance of MIL-101(Cr)-0.5 toward pyridine,aniline or quinoline in simulated fuels with basic nitrogen content of 1732μg/g was evaluated separately.Furthermore,the effects of adsorption temperature,adsorption time and adsorbent dosage on their adsorptive denitrification performance were systematically investigated.The experimental results demonstrated that under a fixed adsorbent dosage of 0.05 g and a simulated fuel volume of 10 mL,the optimal removal efficiency for aniline was achieved at 30℃ within 30 min,whereas higher temperatures and longer times(40℃and 40 min)were required for effective removal of pyridine and quinoline.Density Functional Theory(DFT)calculations were conducted via Materials Studio(MS)software to study the adsorptive denitrification mechanism of MIL-101(Cr)toward these three basic nitrogen-containing compounds.The simulation calculation results revealed that the interaction between pyridine and MIL-101(Cr)primarily involved coordination adsorption.In contrast,the interaction between aniline or quinoline and MIL-101(Cr)proceeded mainly through coordination,with additional contributions fromπ-complexation and hydrogen bonding.The overall adsorption strength order is pyridine>aniline>quinoline.During the adsorption process,pyridine and quinoline transfer electrons to the MIL-101(Cr)surface through the H→C→N→Cr^(3+)pathway,while aniline transfers electrons to the MIL-101(Cr)surface through various pathways,including N→Cr^(3+),N→C→Cr^(3+)and N→H→O.Furthermore,adsorption kinetics studies indicated that the adsorption processes for all three basic nitrogen-containing compounds followed the quasi second order kinetic models.The experimental results on the effect of benzene on the adsorptive denitrification performance of MIL-101(Cr)-0.5 demonstrated that benzene exerted a more significant impact on the adsorption of aniline and quinoline.Finally,the adsorbent was regenerated using ethanol washing.It was found that MIL-101(Cr)-0.5 retained stable denitrification performance after two regeneration cycles.展开更多
Electroacoustic Tomography(EAT)is an imaging technique that detects ultrasound waves induced by electrical pulses,offering a solution for real-time electroporation monitoring.This study presents EAT system using a dua...Electroacoustic Tomography(EAT)is an imaging technique that detects ultrasound waves induced by electrical pulses,offering a solution for real-time electroporation monitoring.This study presents EAT system using a dual-frequency ultrasound array.The broadband nature of electroacoustic signals requires ultrasound detector to cover both the high-frequency range(around 6MHz)signals generated by small targets and the low-frequency range(around 1MHz)signals generated by large targets.In our EAT system,we use the 6 MHz array to detect high-frequency signals from the electrodes,and the 1 MHz array for the electrical field.To test this,we conducted simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics^(®) and MATLAB's k-Wave toolbox,followed by experiments using a custom-built setup with a dual-frequency transducer and real-time data acquisition.The results demonstrated that the dual-frequency EAT system could accurately and simultaneously monitor the electroporation process,effectively showing both the treatment area and electrode placement with the application of 1 kV electric pulses with 100 ns duration.The axial resolution of the 6MHz array for EAT was 0.45 mm,significantly better than the 2mm resolution achieved with the 1MHz array.These findings validate the potential of dual-frequency EAT as a superior method for real-time electroporation monitoring.展开更多
To elucidate the effect of calcite-regulated activated carbon(AC)structure on low-temperature denitrification performance of SCR catalysts,this work prepared a series of Mn-Ce/De-AC-xCaCO_(3)(x is the calcite content ...To elucidate the effect of calcite-regulated activated carbon(AC)structure on low-temperature denitrification performance of SCR catalysts,this work prepared a series of Mn-Ce/De-AC-xCaCO_(3)(x is the calcite content in coal)catalysts were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method,followed by acid washing to remove calcium-containing minerals.Comprehensive characterization and low-temperature denitrification tests revealed that calcite-induced structural modulation of coal-derived AC significantly enhances catalytic activity.Specifically,NO conversion increased from 88.3%of Mn-Ce/De-AC to 91.7%of Mn-Ce/De-AC-1CaCO_(3)(210℃).The improved SCR denitrification activity results from the enhancement of physicochemical properties including higher Mn^(4+)content and Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)ratio,an abundance of chemisorbed oxygen and acidic sites,which could strengthen the SCR reaction pathways(richer NH_(3)activated species and bidentate nitrate active species).Therefore,NO removal is enhanced.展开更多
Severe failures of nonstructural components have occurred during previous earthquakes.Claddings are one of the most widely used nonstructural component and are installed in many modern buildings;therefore,an evaluatio...Severe failures of nonstructural components have occurred during previous earthquakes.Claddings are one of the most widely used nonstructural component and are installed in many modern buildings;therefore,an evaluation of their seismic performance is important and cannot be ignored.To investigate the seismic performance of large-sized high performance concrete cladding(HPCC),a series of full-scale experimental tests were conducted using a unidirectional shaking table.A steel supporting frame was used to install the HPCCs and reproduce the effects of the building under earthquake.The tests were divided into two parts:in-plane(IP)testing and out-plane(OP)testing.Three recorded accelerograms,one artificial accelerogram,and one sinusoidal accelerogram were used to conduct the shaking table tests.The results show that the maximum recorded IP responses of acceleration and interstory drift ratio were 1.04 g and 1/97,while the OP responses were 1.02 g and 1/51.The HPCCs functioned well throughout the entire experimental protocol.The fundamental frequency of the HPCCs systems rarely changed after the tests.展开更多
Purpose:ATLAS is a cross-sectional study aiming to investigate environmental and genetic determinants of athletic performance in healthy Greek competitive athletes(CA).This article presents the study design,investigat...Purpose:ATLAS is a cross-sectional study aiming to investigate environmental and genetic determinants of athletic performance in healthy Greek competitive athletes(CA).This article presents the study design,investigates the muscle strength performance(MSP)of 289 adult and teenage CA,exercisers,and physically inactive individuals(PI),and proposes predictive models of MSP for adults.Methods:Muscle maximal,speed,and explosive strength(MMS/MSS/MES)at unilateral maximal concentric flexion and extension contraction(FC/EC)were evaluated using Biodex System 3 PRO^(TM)at 60°/s,180°/s,and 300°/s,while additional performance markers were assessed through field ergometric testing.Participants were interviewed about their lifestyle,dietary habits,physical activity,injury,and medical history.Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance.gDNA was extracted from biochemical samples and then genotyped.Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics v21.0 and R.Results:Age,fitness,and sex impacted correlations of MSP with body composition and anthropometric measurements(p<0.05).Among CA,females outperformed males in accuracy(p<0.001)while,males outperformed females in anaerobic power,MSP,speed,and endurance(p<0.001).Adult CA outperformed exercisers and PI in MMS,MSS,and MES(p<0.05).Multiple linear regression models,with predictors age,FFM,body extremity,training load explained the majority of variation in MMS(R^(2)_(adj):71.4%–88.9%),MSS(R^(2)_(adj):64.8%–78.4%),and MES(R^(2)_(adj):52.7%–68.4%)at EC,FC,and their mean(p<0.001).Conclusions:Muscle-strengthening strategies should be customized according to individual fitness levels,body composition,and anthropometric measurements.The innovative sex-specific regression models assessing MMS,MSS,and MES at EC and FC provide a framework for personalizing rehabilitation and skill-specific training strategies.展开更多
As a fundamental component in computer vision,edges can be categorized into four types based on discontinuities in reflectance,illumination,surface normal,or depth.While deep CNNs have significantly advanced generic e...As a fundamental component in computer vision,edges can be categorized into four types based on discontinuities in reflectance,illumination,surface normal,or depth.While deep CNNs have significantly advanced generic edge detection,real-time multi-class semantic edge detection under resource constraints remains challenging.To address this,we propose a lightweight framework based on PiDiNet that enables fine-grained semantic edge detection.Our model simultaneously predicts background and four edge categories from full-resolution inputs,balancing accuracy and efficiency.Key contributions include:a multi-channel output structure expanding binary edge prediction to five classes,supported by a deep supervision mechanism;a dynamic class-balancing strategy combining adaptive weighting with physical priors to handle extreme class imbalance;and maintained architectural efficiency enabling real-time inference.Extensive evaluations on BSDS-RIND show our approach achieves accuracy competitive with state-of-the-art methods while operating in real time.展开更多
In the era of the Internet of Things,distributed computing alleviates the problem of insufficient terminal computing power by integrating idle resources of heterogeneous devices.However,the imbalance between task exec...In the era of the Internet of Things,distributed computing alleviates the problem of insufficient terminal computing power by integrating idle resources of heterogeneous devices.However,the imbalance between task execution delay and node energy consumption,and the scheduling and adaptation challenges brought about by device heterogeneity,urgently need to be addressed.To tackle this problem,this paper constructs a multi-objective real-time task scheduling model that considers task real-time performance,execution delay,system energy consumption,and node interests.The model aims to minimize the delay upper bound and total energy consumption while maximizing system satisfaction.A real-time task scheduling algorithm based on bilateral matching game is proposed.By designing a bidirectional preference mechanism between tasks and computing nodes,combined with a multi-round stable matching strategy,accurate matching between tasks and nodes is achieved.Simulation results show that compared with the baseline scheme,the proposed algorithm significantly reduces the total execution cost,effectively balances the task execution delay and the energy consumption of compute nodes,and takes into account the interests of each network compute node.展开更多
This study presents the development of high-performance,solvent-free polyurethane-urea(PU)elastomeric coatings engineered for rapid curing and precise sprayability.Utilizing polyoxytetramethylene glycol(PTMG)as the pr...This study presents the development of high-performance,solvent-free polyurethane-urea(PU)elastomeric coatings engineered for rapid curing and precise sprayability.Utilizing polyoxytetramethylene glycol(PTMG)as the primary polyol and a static-mixing spraying technique,the formulations were systematically optimized.It was found that a soft-segment content of 64% yields optimalmechanical properties,achieving a remarkable tensile strength exceeding 30 MPa.Crucially,the incorporation of an ultra-low concentration(0.002 wt%)of dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst was sufficient to enhance curing completeness and mechanical performance while effectively eliminating moisture-induced foaming,a common challenge in solvent-free spray applications.The gel and tack-free times were successfully reduced to the order of minutes through strategic formulation with the chain extender dimethylsulfidetoluene diamine,minimizing reliance on high catalyst loadings.Theresultant PTMG-based coatings exhibit exceptional comprehensive properties,including a tensile strength>30 MPa,elongation at break>400%,and a tear strength of 66 N/mm,significantly surpassing conventional polypropylene-diamine-based polyurea systems.Furthermore,the coatings demonstrated superior low-temperature flexibility,evidenced by a glass transition temperature of-53℃,and suppressed soft-segment crystallinity.The solvent-free nature and tunable curing kinetics of this system enable precise spraying on complex geometries,effectively overcoming thickness-control limitations for small-object applications.This work establishes a sustainable and high-performance coating solution ideal for demanding impact-and corrosionresistant protective layers.展开更多
During geothermal resource exploitation,the potential deterioration of mechanical properties in high-temperature granite subjected to cooling poses a significant safety concern.To address this,the present study invest...During geothermal resource exploitation,the potential deterioration of mechanical properties in high-temperature granite subjected to cooling poses a significant safety concern.To address this,the present study investigates the coupled thermo-mechanical behavior of granite during heating and cooling through a combination of laboratory tests and finite difference method analysis.Initial investigations involve X-ray diffraction,thermal expansion test,thermogravimetric analysis,and uniaxial compression test.Results show the significant variations of granite properties under different thermal conditions,attributed to temperature gradients,water evaporation,and mineral phase transitions.Subsequently,a model considering temperature-dependent parameters and real-time cooling rates was employed to simulate linear heating and nonlinear cooling processes.Simulation results indicate that the thermal cracking predominantly occurs during the heating stage,with tensile failure as the primary mode.Additionally,a faster real-time cooling rate at higher temperatures intensifies the thermal cracking behavior in granite.This study effectively elucidates the thermomechanical coupling behavior of granite during heating and cooling processes,providing insights into the mechanisms of mechanical property changes with rising or decreasing temperatures.展开更多
The intelligent environmental sensing systems are quickly transforming the sparse and retrospective monitoring to dense and decision-oriented environmental intelligence.This review brings together the manner in which ...The intelligent environmental sensing systems are quickly transforming the sparse and retrospective monitoring to dense and decision-oriented environmental intelligence.This review brings together the manner in which integration of Internet of Things(IoT)sensing,edge computing,and real-time analytics facilitates timely detection,interpretation,and prediction of the environmental conditions across the applications,such as urban air quality,watershed and coastal surveillance,industrial safety,agriculture,and disaster response.We define end-to-end architectural patterns to organize devices,edge nodes,and cloud services to satisfy latency,reliability,bandwidth,and governance constraints with emphasis on event-time processing,adaptive offloading,and hierarchical aggregation.Then we look at sensing and infrastructure foundations,emphasizing the effects of sensor modality and power autonomy,connectivity,and the practices of calibration on the practicable analytics and eventual plausibility.It is on this basis that we examine real-time analytics pipelines and Artificial Intelligence(AI)techniques to preprocess,sensor combine,anomaly detect,and short-horizon forecast,with a focus on edge-deployable models,quantification of uncertainties,and query resistance to drift and domain shift.Lastly,we address the realities of deployment that condition operational success,such as lifecycle engineering,provenance-aware data management,security and privacy risks,ethical governance,and evaluation methodologies,which place end-to-end latency and field generalization as a priority.This review offers cohesion to algorithmic capabilities and systems engineering and governance to define an overall framework,show open areas of research directions,and provide practical recommendations on how to design trustworthy,scalable,and sustainable environmental monitoring systems.展开更多
Memristors have emerged as a transformative technology in the realm of electronic devices,offering unique advantages such as fast switching speeds,low power consumption,and the ability to sensor-memory-compute.The app...Memristors have emerged as a transformative technology in the realm of electronic devices,offering unique advantages such as fast switching speeds,low power consumption,and the ability to sensor-memory-compute.The applications span across non-volatile memory,neuromorphic computing,hardware security,and beyond,prompting memristors to become a versatile solution for next-generation computing and data storage systems.Despite enormous potential of memristors,the transition from laboratory prototypes to large-scale applications is challenging in terms of material stability,device reproducibility,and array scalability.This review systematically explores recent advancements in high-performance memristor technologies,focusing on performance enhancement strategies through material engineering,structural design,pulse protocol optimization,and algorithm control.We provide an in-depth analysis of key performance metrics tailored to specific applications,including non-volatile memory,neuromorphic computing,and hardware security.Furthermore,we propose a co-design framework that integrates device-level optimizations with operational-level improvements,aiming to bridge the gap between theoretical models and practical implementations.展开更多
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFB1309900)Institute for Guo Qiang,Tsinghua University of China(Grant No.2019GQG0007).
文摘Real-time interaction with uncertain and dynamic environments is essential for robotic systems to achieve functions such as visual perception,force interaction,spatial obstacle avoidance,and motion planning.To ensure the reliability and determinism of system execution,a flexible real-time control system architecture and interaction algorithm are required.The ROS framework was designed to improve the reusability of robotic software development by providing a distributed structure,hardware abstraction,message-passing mechanism,and application prototypes.Rich ecosystems for robotic development have been built around ROS1 and ROS2 architectures based on the Linux system.However,because of the fairness scheduling principle of the default Linux system design and the complexity of the kernel,the system does not have real-time computing.To achieve a balance between real-time and non-real-time computing,this paper uses the transmission mechanism of ROS2,combines it with the scheduling mechanism of the Linux operating system,and uses Preempt_RT to enhance the real-time computing of ROS1 and ROS2.The real-time performance evaluation of ROS1 and ROS2 is conducted from multiple perspectives,including throughput,transmission mode,QoS service quality,frequency,number of subscription nodes and EtherCAT master.This paper makes two significant contributions:firstly,it employs Preempt_RT to optimize the native ROS2 system,effectively enhancing the real-time performance of native ROS2 message transmission;secondly,it conducts a comprehensive evaluation of the real-time performance of both native and optimized ROS2 systems.This comparison elucidates the benefits of the optimized ROS2 architecture regarding real-time performance,with results vividly demonstrated through illustrative figures.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2006AA040301-4,2007AA041301-6)
文摘To evaluate and improve the real-time performance of Ethernet for plant automation（EPA） industrial Ethernet,the real-time performance of EPA periodic data transmission was theoretically and experimentally studied.By analyzing information transmission regularity and EPA deterministic scheduling mechanism,periodic messages were categorized as different modes according to their entering-queue time.The scheduling characteristics and delivery time of each mode and their interacting relations were studied,during which the models of real-time performance of periodic information transmission in EPA system were established.On this basis,an experimental platform is developed to test the delivery time of periodic messages transmission in EPA system.According to the analysis and the experiment,the main factors that limit the real-time performance of EPA periodic data transmission and the improvement methods were proposed.
文摘System optimization plays a crucial role in developing VR system after 3D modeling, affecting the system's Immersion and Interaction performance enormously. In this article, several key techniques of optimizing a virtual mining system were discussed: optimizing 3D models to keep the polygon number in VR system within target hardware's processing ability; optimizing texture database to save texture memory with perfect visual effect; optimizing database hierarchy structure to accelerate model retrieval; and optimizing LOD hierarchy structure to speed up rendering.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA1402102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62171249)the Fund by Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program.
文摘The composite time scale(CTS)provides a stable,accurate,and reliable time scale for modern society.The improvement of CTS’s real-time performance will improve its stability,which strengths related applications’performance.Aiming at this goal,a method achieved by determining the optimal calculation interval and accelerating adjustment stage is proposed in this paper.The determinants of the CTS’s calculation interval(characteristics of the clock ensemble,the measurement noise,the time and frequency synchronization system’s noise and the auxiliary output generator noise floor)are studied and the optimal calculation interval is obtained.We also investigate the effect of ensemble algorithm’s initial parameters on the CTS’s adjustment stage.A strategy to get the reasonable initial parameters of ensemble algorithm is designed.The results show that the adjustment stage can be finished rapidly or even can be shorten to zero with reasonable initial parameters.On this basis,we experimentally generate a distributed CTS with a calculation interval of 500 s and its stability outperforms those of the member clocks when the averaging time is longer than1700 s.The experimental result proves that the CTS’s real-time performance is significantly improved.
文摘Recently,switched Ethernet has become an active area of research because of its wide uses in industry.However,its uses have various real-time constraints on data communications.This paper analyzes the performance of the line topology switched Ethernet as a data acquisition network.Network calculus theory,which has been successfully applied to assess the real-time performance of packet-switched networks,is used to analyze the networks.To properly describe the activity of switches,a novel approach of modeling data flows into or out of switches is addressed.Based on our model,a concisely analytical expression of the maximal end-to-end delay in line topology switched Ethernet is derived.Finally,the relative simulation results are demonstrated.These results agree well with the analytical results,and thus they validate the data flow modeling techniques.
文摘The hydropower running and performance can be displayed and analyzed by the real-time remote system. Real-time performance data of the hydraulic turbine unit can be obtained through the analysis of real-time operating data of the hydraulic turbine unit. It can not only guide significance for long-term operation of hydraulic turbine unit, but also provide a reference for improving the Hydropower hydro efficiency, economic dispatch of hydraulic turbine unit and performance comparison before and after the overhaul.
文摘A technology called solar energy is a very promising technique, and is considered as the cleanest and the most abundant renewable resource that is naturally available every day. In this paper, a MATLAB environment has been developed to calculate real-time power incidence on a PV system. It takes into account the time, location, PV tilt, and azimuth angles, and weather conditions to estimate incident power. In this paper, one case study is considered at New York State location. It has been applied to a newly installed 8 kW residential system located in Inwood. The solar panels are made up of silicon HIT (Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin Layer) cells by Panasonic and solar cell rated at 19%. The result shows that the system is performing at its rated efficiency. The calculations involve the determination of direct, diffused and reflected radiation on the panels taking into account the time of the day, location, PV area, and orientations and weather conditions. The cloudiness index may be estimated based on the weather data and included in the calculations. After performing the irradiance calculations, the output power is estimated based on the rated efficiency at its temperature and compared with the generated output power. The real-time assessment of a PV system performance, during the operational time monitors the health of the PV system. The data obtained by this calculator may accompany production data provided to the consumer by the utility company.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60803148,60973124)
文摘Actors'relocation is utilized during the network initialization to enhance real-time performance of wireless sensor and actor networks(WSANs)which is an important issue of WSANs.The actor deployment problem in WSANs is proved NP-Hard whether the amount of actors is redundant or not,but to the best of our knowledge,no effective distributed algorithms in previous research can solve the problem.Thus two actor deployment strategies which need not the boundary control compared with present deployment strategies are proposed to solve this problem approximately based on the Voronoi diagram.Through simulation experiment,the results show that our distributed strategies are more effective than the present deployment strategies in terms of real-time performance,convergence time and energy consumption.
基金Supported by Ph D Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(20110031110028)Tianjin Research Program of Application Foundation and Advanced Technology(13JCZDJC26000,13JCQNJC01000)
文摘A software-based GPS receiver was built to study the relationship between its real-time performance and the configurations of its radio front end.Firstly,the time complexity of the software receiver algorithm was analyzed.Then,the time-spans of the receiver were tested under different sampling rates separately.Finally,some other experiments were made to find the influences from the SNR performances of the radio front ends and the quantization levels.
基金Supported by Basic Scientific Research Project of the Liaoning Provincial Department of Education Has Been Unveiled to Facilitate Local Project Funding (JYTMS20230835)Enhanced Scientific Research Project Funded by the Departmentof Higher Education in Liaoning Province (General program)(JYTMS20230852)。
文摘The adsorptive denitrification performance of MIL-101(Cr)-0.5 toward pyridine,aniline or quinoline in simulated fuels with basic nitrogen content of 1732μg/g was evaluated separately.Furthermore,the effects of adsorption temperature,adsorption time and adsorbent dosage on their adsorptive denitrification performance were systematically investigated.The experimental results demonstrated that under a fixed adsorbent dosage of 0.05 g and a simulated fuel volume of 10 mL,the optimal removal efficiency for aniline was achieved at 30℃ within 30 min,whereas higher temperatures and longer times(40℃and 40 min)were required for effective removal of pyridine and quinoline.Density Functional Theory(DFT)calculations were conducted via Materials Studio(MS)software to study the adsorptive denitrification mechanism of MIL-101(Cr)toward these three basic nitrogen-containing compounds.The simulation calculation results revealed that the interaction between pyridine and MIL-101(Cr)primarily involved coordination adsorption.In contrast,the interaction between aniline or quinoline and MIL-101(Cr)proceeded mainly through coordination,with additional contributions fromπ-complexation and hydrogen bonding.The overall adsorption strength order is pyridine>aniline>quinoline.During the adsorption process,pyridine and quinoline transfer electrons to the MIL-101(Cr)surface through the H→C→N→Cr^(3+)pathway,while aniline transfers electrons to the MIL-101(Cr)surface through various pathways,including N→Cr^(3+),N→C→Cr^(3+)and N→H→O.Furthermore,adsorption kinetics studies indicated that the adsorption processes for all three basic nitrogen-containing compounds followed the quasi second order kinetic models.The experimental results on the effect of benzene on the adsorptive denitrification performance of MIL-101(Cr)-0.5 demonstrated that benzene exerted a more significant impact on the adsorption of aniline and quinoline.Finally,the adsorbent was regenerated using ethanol washing.It was found that MIL-101(Cr)-0.5 retained stable denitrification performance after two regeneration cycles.
基金supported by the National Institute of Health(R37CA240806,U01CA288351,and R50CA283816)support from UCI Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center(P30CA062203).
文摘Electroacoustic Tomography(EAT)is an imaging technique that detects ultrasound waves induced by electrical pulses,offering a solution for real-time electroporation monitoring.This study presents EAT system using a dual-frequency ultrasound array.The broadband nature of electroacoustic signals requires ultrasound detector to cover both the high-frequency range(around 6MHz)signals generated by small targets and the low-frequency range(around 1MHz)signals generated by large targets.In our EAT system,we use the 6 MHz array to detect high-frequency signals from the electrodes,and the 1 MHz array for the electrical field.To test this,we conducted simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics^(®) and MATLAB's k-Wave toolbox,followed by experiments using a custom-built setup with a dual-frequency transducer and real-time data acquisition.The results demonstrated that the dual-frequency EAT system could accurately and simultaneously monitor the electroporation process,effectively showing both the treatment area and electrode placement with the application of 1 kV electric pulses with 100 ns duration.The axial resolution of the 6MHz array for EAT was 0.45 mm,significantly better than the 2mm resolution achieved with the 1MHz array.These findings validate the potential of dual-frequency EAT as a superior method for real-time electroporation monitoring.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Cooperation and Exchange special project of Cooperation of Shanxi Province(202404041101014)the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202403021212333)+3 种基金the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20555)the Lvliang Key R&D of University-Local Cooperation(2023XDHZ10)the Initiation Fund for Doctoral Research of Taiyuan University of Science and Technology(20242026)the Outstanding Doctor Funding Award of Shanxi Province(20242080).
文摘To elucidate the effect of calcite-regulated activated carbon(AC)structure on low-temperature denitrification performance of SCR catalysts,this work prepared a series of Mn-Ce/De-AC-xCaCO_(3)(x is the calcite content in coal)catalysts were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method,followed by acid washing to remove calcium-containing minerals.Comprehensive characterization and low-temperature denitrification tests revealed that calcite-induced structural modulation of coal-derived AC significantly enhances catalytic activity.Specifically,NO conversion increased from 88.3%of Mn-Ce/De-AC to 91.7%of Mn-Ce/De-AC-1CaCO_(3)(210℃).The improved SCR denitrification activity results from the enhancement of physicochemical properties including higher Mn^(4+)content and Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)ratio,an abundance of chemisorbed oxygen and acidic sites,which could strengthen the SCR reaction pathways(richer NH_(3)activated species and bidentate nitrate active species).Therefore,NO removal is enhanced.
基金National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No.2024YFD1600404。
文摘Severe failures of nonstructural components have occurred during previous earthquakes.Claddings are one of the most widely used nonstructural component and are installed in many modern buildings;therefore,an evaluation of their seismic performance is important and cannot be ignored.To investigate the seismic performance of large-sized high performance concrete cladding(HPCC),a series of full-scale experimental tests were conducted using a unidirectional shaking table.A steel supporting frame was used to install the HPCCs and reproduce the effects of the building under earthquake.The tests were divided into two parts:in-plane(IP)testing and out-plane(OP)testing.Three recorded accelerograms,one artificial accelerogram,and one sinusoidal accelerogram were used to conduct the shaking table tests.The results show that the maximum recorded IP responses of acceleration and interstory drift ratio were 1.04 g and 1/97,while the OP responses were 1.02 g and 1/51.The HPCCs functioned well throughout the entire experimental protocol.The fundamental frequency of the HPCCs systems rarely changed after the tests.
文摘Purpose:ATLAS is a cross-sectional study aiming to investigate environmental and genetic determinants of athletic performance in healthy Greek competitive athletes(CA).This article presents the study design,investigates the muscle strength performance(MSP)of 289 adult and teenage CA,exercisers,and physically inactive individuals(PI),and proposes predictive models of MSP for adults.Methods:Muscle maximal,speed,and explosive strength(MMS/MSS/MES)at unilateral maximal concentric flexion and extension contraction(FC/EC)were evaluated using Biodex System 3 PRO^(TM)at 60°/s,180°/s,and 300°/s,while additional performance markers were assessed through field ergometric testing.Participants were interviewed about their lifestyle,dietary habits,physical activity,injury,and medical history.Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance.gDNA was extracted from biochemical samples and then genotyped.Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics v21.0 and R.Results:Age,fitness,and sex impacted correlations of MSP with body composition and anthropometric measurements(p<0.05).Among CA,females outperformed males in accuracy(p<0.001)while,males outperformed females in anaerobic power,MSP,speed,and endurance(p<0.001).Adult CA outperformed exercisers and PI in MMS,MSS,and MES(p<0.05).Multiple linear regression models,with predictors age,FFM,body extremity,training load explained the majority of variation in MMS(R^(2)_(adj):71.4%–88.9%),MSS(R^(2)_(adj):64.8%–78.4%),and MES(R^(2)_(adj):52.7%–68.4%)at EC,FC,and their mean(p<0.001).Conclusions:Muscle-strengthening strategies should be customized according to individual fitness levels,body composition,and anthropometric measurements.The innovative sex-specific regression models assessing MMS,MSS,and MES at EC and FC provide a framework for personalizing rehabilitation and skill-specific training strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China 62402171.
文摘As a fundamental component in computer vision,edges can be categorized into four types based on discontinuities in reflectance,illumination,surface normal,or depth.While deep CNNs have significantly advanced generic edge detection,real-time multi-class semantic edge detection under resource constraints remains challenging.To address this,we propose a lightweight framework based on PiDiNet that enables fine-grained semantic edge detection.Our model simultaneously predicts background and four edge categories from full-resolution inputs,balancing accuracy and efficiency.Key contributions include:a multi-channel output structure expanding binary edge prediction to five classes,supported by a deep supervision mechanism;a dynamic class-balancing strategy combining adaptive weighting with physical priors to handle extreme class imbalance;and maintained architectural efficiency enabling real-time inference.Extensive evaluations on BSDS-RIND show our approach achieves accuracy competitive with state-of-the-art methods while operating in real time.
基金Supported by the National Program on Key Basic Research Project(2020YFA0713600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62272214)。
文摘In the era of the Internet of Things,distributed computing alleviates the problem of insufficient terminal computing power by integrating idle resources of heterogeneous devices.However,the imbalance between task execution delay and node energy consumption,and the scheduling and adaptation challenges brought about by device heterogeneity,urgently need to be addressed.To tackle this problem,this paper constructs a multi-objective real-time task scheduling model that considers task real-time performance,execution delay,system energy consumption,and node interests.The model aims to minimize the delay upper bound and total energy consumption while maximizing system satisfaction.A real-time task scheduling algorithm based on bilateral matching game is proposed.By designing a bidirectional preference mechanism between tasks and computing nodes,combined with a multi-round stable matching strategy,accurate matching between tasks and nodes is achieved.Simulation results show that compared with the baseline scheme,the proposed algorithm significantly reduces the total execution cost,effectively balances the task execution delay and the energy consumption of compute nodes,and takes into account the interests of each network compute node.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2330207)the presidential foundation of China Academy of Engineering Physics(No.YZJJZQ2024004).
文摘This study presents the development of high-performance,solvent-free polyurethane-urea(PU)elastomeric coatings engineered for rapid curing and precise sprayability.Utilizing polyoxytetramethylene glycol(PTMG)as the primary polyol and a static-mixing spraying technique,the formulations were systematically optimized.It was found that a soft-segment content of 64% yields optimalmechanical properties,achieving a remarkable tensile strength exceeding 30 MPa.Crucially,the incorporation of an ultra-low concentration(0.002 wt%)of dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst was sufficient to enhance curing completeness and mechanical performance while effectively eliminating moisture-induced foaming,a common challenge in solvent-free spray applications.The gel and tack-free times were successfully reduced to the order of minutes through strategic formulation with the chain extender dimethylsulfidetoluene diamine,minimizing reliance on high catalyst loadings.Theresultant PTMG-based coatings exhibit exceptional comprehensive properties,including a tensile strength>30 MPa,elongation at break>400%,and a tear strength of 66 N/mm,significantly surpassing conventional polypropylene-diamine-based polyurea systems.Furthermore,the coatings demonstrated superior low-temperature flexibility,evidenced by a glass transition temperature of-53℃,and suppressed soft-segment crystallinity.The solvent-free nature and tunable curing kinetics of this system enable precise spraying on complex geometries,effectively overcoming thickness-control limitations for small-object applications.This work establishes a sustainable and high-performance coating solution ideal for demanding impact-and corrosionresistant protective layers.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:52104120Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Hydropower Development,Grant/Award Number:PKLHD202303。
文摘During geothermal resource exploitation,the potential deterioration of mechanical properties in high-temperature granite subjected to cooling poses a significant safety concern.To address this,the present study investigates the coupled thermo-mechanical behavior of granite during heating and cooling through a combination of laboratory tests and finite difference method analysis.Initial investigations involve X-ray diffraction,thermal expansion test,thermogravimetric analysis,and uniaxial compression test.Results show the significant variations of granite properties under different thermal conditions,attributed to temperature gradients,water evaporation,and mineral phase transitions.Subsequently,a model considering temperature-dependent parameters and real-time cooling rates was employed to simulate linear heating and nonlinear cooling processes.Simulation results indicate that the thermal cracking predominantly occurs during the heating stage,with tensile failure as the primary mode.Additionally,a faster real-time cooling rate at higher temperatures intensifies the thermal cracking behavior in granite.This study effectively elucidates the thermomechanical coupling behavior of granite during heating and cooling processes,providing insights into the mechanisms of mechanical property changes with rising or decreasing temperatures.
基金supported by Jiangxi Polytechnic Institute Key Research Topics in Educational Reform 2025-JGJG-07.
文摘The intelligent environmental sensing systems are quickly transforming the sparse and retrospective monitoring to dense and decision-oriented environmental intelligence.This review brings together the manner in which integration of Internet of Things(IoT)sensing,edge computing,and real-time analytics facilitates timely detection,interpretation,and prediction of the environmental conditions across the applications,such as urban air quality,watershed and coastal surveillance,industrial safety,agriculture,and disaster response.We define end-to-end architectural patterns to organize devices,edge nodes,and cloud services to satisfy latency,reliability,bandwidth,and governance constraints with emphasis on event-time processing,adaptive offloading,and hierarchical aggregation.Then we look at sensing and infrastructure foundations,emphasizing the effects of sensor modality and power autonomy,connectivity,and the practices of calibration on the practicable analytics and eventual plausibility.It is on this basis that we examine real-time analytics pipelines and Artificial Intelligence(AI)techniques to preprocess,sensor combine,anomaly detect,and short-horizon forecast,with a focus on edge-deployable models,quantification of uncertainties,and query resistance to drift and domain shift.Lastly,we address the realities of deployment that condition operational success,such as lifecycle engineering,provenance-aware data management,security and privacy risks,ethical governance,and evaluation methodologies,which place end-to-end latency and field generalization as a priority.This review offers cohesion to algorithmic capabilities and systems engineering and governance to define an overall framework,show open areas of research directions,and provide practical recommendations on how to design trustworthy,scalable,and sustainable environmental monitoring systems.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Project from the Minister of Science and Technology(2024YFA1211500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62304130,62405158 and 62574123)+1 种基金the Shanghai youth science and technology star project(24QA2702800)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chips and Systems for Intelligent Connected Vehicle。
文摘Memristors have emerged as a transformative technology in the realm of electronic devices,offering unique advantages such as fast switching speeds,low power consumption,and the ability to sensor-memory-compute.The applications span across non-volatile memory,neuromorphic computing,hardware security,and beyond,prompting memristors to become a versatile solution for next-generation computing and data storage systems.Despite enormous potential of memristors,the transition from laboratory prototypes to large-scale applications is challenging in terms of material stability,device reproducibility,and array scalability.This review systematically explores recent advancements in high-performance memristor technologies,focusing on performance enhancement strategies through material engineering,structural design,pulse protocol optimization,and algorithm control.We provide an in-depth analysis of key performance metrics tailored to specific applications,including non-volatile memory,neuromorphic computing,and hardware security.Furthermore,we propose a co-design framework that integrates device-level optimizations with operational-level improvements,aiming to bridge the gap between theoretical models and practical implementations.
