Federal Aviation Administration(FAA) and NASA technical reports indicate that the misunderstanding in radiotelephony communications is a primary causal factor associated with operation errors, and a sizable proportion...Federal Aviation Administration(FAA) and NASA technical reports indicate that the misunderstanding in radiotelephony communications is a primary causal factor associated with operation errors, and a sizable proportion of operation errors lead to read-back errors. We introduce deep learning method to solve this problem and propose a new semantic checking model based on Long Short-Time Memory network(LSTM) for intelligent read-back error checking. A meanpooling layer is added to the traditional LSTM, so as to utilize the information obtained by all the hidden activation vectors, and also to improve the robustness of the semantic vector extracted by LSTM. A MultiLayer Perceptron(MLP) layer, which can maintain the information of different regions in the concatenated vectors obtained by the mean-pooling layer, is applied instead of traditional similarity function in the new model to express the semantic similarity of the read-back pairs quantitatively. The K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN) classifier is used to verify whether the read-back pairs are consistent in semantics according to the output of MLP layer. Extensive experiments are conducted and the results show that the proposed model is more effective and more robust than the traditional checking model to verify the semantic consistency of read-backs automatically.展开更多
L2 reading is not only an important channel for people to obtain information and knowledge,but also the main way for people to learn a foreign language.Reading information processing can be divided into controlled pro...L2 reading is not only an important channel for people to obtain information and knowledge,but also the main way for people to learn a foreign language.Reading information processing can be divided into controlled processing and automatic processing.Controlled information processing is a conscious and resource-intensive processing model,while automatic information processing is an unconscious and automatic processing model.This study investigates the characteristics and interactivity of controlled and automatic information processing in L2 reading,and explores the roles of controlled and automatic information processing strategies in improving L2 reading ability.The findings are as follows:(a)controlled and automatic information processing is interactive in L2 reading;and(b)the uses of controlled and automatic information processing strategies are beneficial to the improvement of the reading ability of L2 learners.This study has important theoretical and practical value in improving the efficiency of L2 reading teaching and learning.展开更多
Most of the proposed concurrency control protocols for real time database systems are based on serializability theorem. Owing to the unique characteristics of real time database applications and the importance of sa...Most of the proposed concurrency control protocols for real time database systems are based on serializability theorem. Owing to the unique characteristics of real time database applications and the importance of satisfying the timing constraints of transactions, serializability is too strong as a correctness criterion and not suitable for real time databases in most cases. On the other hand, relaxed serializability including epsilon serializability and similarity serializability can allow more real time transactions to satisfy their timing constraints, but database consistency may be sacrificed to some extent. We thus propose the use of weak serializability(WSR) that is more relaxed than conflicting serializability while database consistency is maintained. In this paper, we first formally define the new notion of correctness called weak serializability. After the necessary and sufficient conditions for weak serializability are shown, corresponding concurrency control protocol WDHP(weak serializable distributed high priority protocol) is outlined for distributed real time databases, where a new lock mode called mask lock mode is proposed for simplifying the condition of global consistency. Finally, through a series of simulation studies, it is shown that using the new concurrency control protocol the performance of distributed real time databases can be greatly improved.展开更多
The new curriculum reform requires teachers to pay attention to the cultivation of students core literacy in teaching. For English teaching, the quality of thinking is an important part. In order to cultivate students...The new curriculum reform requires teachers to pay attention to the cultivation of students core literacy in teaching. For English teaching, the quality of thinking is an important part. In order to cultivate students thinking quality in senior high school English teaching, teachers need to explore multiple and effective teaching methods based on students actual needs, stimulate students interest, promote the divergence and expansion of students thinking, realize the cultivation of students thinking quality imperceptibly and implement the cultivation goal of students core literacy. In senior high school English reading teaching, as the core of students improvement of teaching quality and English comprehensive ability, teachers should actively change their educational concepts, innovate the cultivation methods of students basic qualities and take the cultivation of students basic qualities as an important goal of reading teaching. Under the background of English subject core literacy, teachers should grasp the "core force" of English reading guidance in senior high schools, activate students reading motivation, strengthen students in-depth reading of texts and enable students to effectively combine in-class and out-of-class reading to improve their comprehensive reading comprehension. Traditional high school English reading teaching focuses on improving students language ability, but it cant fully develop students core literacy. Therefore, the traditional teaching methods of English reading in senior high schools need to be changed. In senior high school English reading teaching, teachers should cultivate and develop students thinking ability. Classroom activities should reflect the basic quality spirit, that is, the language ability of middle school students should be improved in the teaching process so as to fully reflect students cultural character and cultivate students thinking ability.展开更多
文章介绍了窄带物联网(narrow band internet of things, NB-IoT)技术,借助NB-IoT技术进行了城市照明智能单灯控制系统设计,包括系统总体框架、单灯控制器和集中控制器的组网设计,并分析了该系统的具体应用。研究表明,智能单灯控制系统...文章介绍了窄带物联网(narrow band internet of things, NB-IoT)技术,借助NB-IoT技术进行了城市照明智能单灯控制系统设计,包括系统总体框架、单灯控制器和集中控制器的组网设计,并分析了该系统的具体应用。研究表明,智能单灯控制系统提高了照明管理效率,降低了能耗和维护成本,有利于推动城市照明向节能、高效、智能化方向发展。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61502498,U1433120 and 61806208)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.3122017001)
文摘Federal Aviation Administration(FAA) and NASA technical reports indicate that the misunderstanding in radiotelephony communications is a primary causal factor associated with operation errors, and a sizable proportion of operation errors lead to read-back errors. We introduce deep learning method to solve this problem and propose a new semantic checking model based on Long Short-Time Memory network(LSTM) for intelligent read-back error checking. A meanpooling layer is added to the traditional LSTM, so as to utilize the information obtained by all the hidden activation vectors, and also to improve the robustness of the semantic vector extracted by LSTM. A MultiLayer Perceptron(MLP) layer, which can maintain the information of different regions in the concatenated vectors obtained by the mean-pooling layer, is applied instead of traditional similarity function in the new model to express the semantic similarity of the read-back pairs quantitatively. The K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN) classifier is used to verify whether the read-back pairs are consistent in semantics according to the output of MLP layer. Extensive experiments are conducted and the results show that the proposed model is more effective and more robust than the traditional checking model to verify the semantic consistency of read-backs automatically.
文摘L2 reading is not only an important channel for people to obtain information and knowledge,but also the main way for people to learn a foreign language.Reading information processing can be divided into controlled processing and automatic processing.Controlled information processing is a conscious and resource-intensive processing model,while automatic information processing is an unconscious and automatic processing model.This study investigates the characteristics and interactivity of controlled and automatic information processing in L2 reading,and explores the roles of controlled and automatic information processing strategies in improving L2 reading ability.The findings are as follows:(a)controlled and automatic information processing is interactive in L2 reading;and(b)the uses of controlled and automatic information processing strategies are beneficial to the improvement of the reading ability of L2 learners.This study has important theoretical and practical value in improving the efficiency of L2 reading teaching and learning.
文摘Most of the proposed concurrency control protocols for real time database systems are based on serializability theorem. Owing to the unique characteristics of real time database applications and the importance of satisfying the timing constraints of transactions, serializability is too strong as a correctness criterion and not suitable for real time databases in most cases. On the other hand, relaxed serializability including epsilon serializability and similarity serializability can allow more real time transactions to satisfy their timing constraints, but database consistency may be sacrificed to some extent. We thus propose the use of weak serializability(WSR) that is more relaxed than conflicting serializability while database consistency is maintained. In this paper, we first formally define the new notion of correctness called weak serializability. After the necessary and sufficient conditions for weak serializability are shown, corresponding concurrency control protocol WDHP(weak serializable distributed high priority protocol) is outlined for distributed real time databases, where a new lock mode called mask lock mode is proposed for simplifying the condition of global consistency. Finally, through a series of simulation studies, it is shown that using the new concurrency control protocol the performance of distributed real time databases can be greatly improved.
文摘The new curriculum reform requires teachers to pay attention to the cultivation of students core literacy in teaching. For English teaching, the quality of thinking is an important part. In order to cultivate students thinking quality in senior high school English teaching, teachers need to explore multiple and effective teaching methods based on students actual needs, stimulate students interest, promote the divergence and expansion of students thinking, realize the cultivation of students thinking quality imperceptibly and implement the cultivation goal of students core literacy. In senior high school English reading teaching, as the core of students improvement of teaching quality and English comprehensive ability, teachers should actively change their educational concepts, innovate the cultivation methods of students basic qualities and take the cultivation of students basic qualities as an important goal of reading teaching. Under the background of English subject core literacy, teachers should grasp the "core force" of English reading guidance in senior high schools, activate students reading motivation, strengthen students in-depth reading of texts and enable students to effectively combine in-class and out-of-class reading to improve their comprehensive reading comprehension. Traditional high school English reading teaching focuses on improving students language ability, but it cant fully develop students core literacy. Therefore, the traditional teaching methods of English reading in senior high schools need to be changed. In senior high school English reading teaching, teachers should cultivate and develop students thinking ability. Classroom activities should reflect the basic quality spirit, that is, the language ability of middle school students should be improved in the teaching process so as to fully reflect students cultural character and cultivate students thinking ability.
文摘文章介绍了窄带物联网(narrow band internet of things, NB-IoT)技术,借助NB-IoT技术进行了城市照明智能单灯控制系统设计,包括系统总体框架、单灯控制器和集中控制器的组网设计,并分析了该系统的具体应用。研究表明,智能单灯控制系统提高了照明管理效率,降低了能耗和维护成本,有利于推动城市照明向节能、高效、智能化方向发展。
