Nonviral vectors have been attracting more attention for several advantages in gene delivery and the development of nonviral gene ca rriers with high delivery efficiency and low cytotoxicity has long been a key projec...Nonviral vectors have been attracting more attention for several advantages in gene delivery and the development of nonviral gene ca rriers with high delivery efficiency and low cytotoxicity has long been a key project.Starburst polyamidoamine dendrimers are a class of synthetic polymers with unique structural and physical characteristics.However,when they are used as gene carrier,the gene transfection efficiency is not satisfactory.Herein,a novel thioketal-core polyamidoamine dendrimer(i.e.,ROS-PAMAM)was synthesized and characterized.Compared to ethylenediamine-core dendrimers or widely used cationic polymers of polyetherimide,ROS-PAMAM showed lower cytotoxicity.Moreover,ROS-PAMAM demonstrated reactive oxygen species responsive characteristics,which can facilitate the release of siRNA in the tumor microenvironment.In vitro gene transfection experiments based on A549 cells confirmed that siRNA/ROS-PAMAM exhibits high gene transfection efficiency.It is concluded that ROS-PAMAM shows great potential as a generalizable vehicle for gene therapy applications.展开更多
Osteoarthritis(OA),a common disabling joint disease,is highly associated with microenvironmental changes in the cartilage and subchondral bone.Elevated reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the cartilage and subchondral bone...Osteoarthritis(OA),a common disabling joint disease,is highly associated with microenvironmental changes in the cartilage and subchondral bone.Elevated reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the cartilage and subchondral bone angiogenesis accelerate articular cartilage erosion.New cartilage-targeting drug deliv-ery systems that are aimed at preventing ROS production and angiogenesis may be of clinical significance for OA treatment.Herein,an ROS scavenger and an inflammatory-responsive nanocarrier are designed by immobilizing the natural polyphenol(curcumin)in chitosan-catechol nanoformulations(Cur-CS-C NPs)via boronate ester.The robust cartilage-targeting effects and ROS scavenging capacities of Cur-CS-C NPs were respectively determined in cartilage explants and chondrocytes.Intra-articular injection of Cur-CS-C NPs in OA rat models efficiently suppressed angiogenesis and cartilage degradation partially via the ROS-mediated NF-κB/PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.The developed curcumin-functionalized nanocarriers can significantly delay OA progression and provide a promising therapeutic strategy for other inflamma-tory diseases that are characterized by oxidative stress and angiogenesis.展开更多
Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous system.Upon injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional changes.Depending on their phenotypic ...Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous system.Upon injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional changes.Depending on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,respectively.However,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and injuries.Transcriptomic analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their reactivity.Astrocytes actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune response.The phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo results.In astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory responses.Here,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their activation.We highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and Notch/PI3K/AKT pathways.While targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial outcomes.This dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function modulation.The review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to understand their functions accurately and these models are essential for clarifying astrocyte behavior.The findings should then be validated using in vivo models to ensure real-life relevance.The review also highlights the significance of PI3K/AKT pathway modulation in preventing central nervous system damage,although further studies are required to fully comprehend its role due to varying factors such as different cell types,astrocyte responses to inflammation,and disease contexts.Specific strategies are clearly necessary to address these variables effectively.展开更多
The accumulation of reactive oxygen species （ROS） is involved in plant cell development. In plant, class III peroxidases are heme-containing enzymes encoded by a large multi-gene family participated in the release o...The accumulation of reactive oxygen species （ROS） is involved in plant cell development. In plant, class III peroxidases are heme-containing enzymes encoded by a large multi-gene family participated in the release or consumption of ROS. The specific function of each member of the family is still elusive. Here, we showed that ROS was significantly generated during cotton fiber initiation and elongation, whereas, application of NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium （DPI） and peroxidase inhibitor salicylhydroxamic acid （SHAM） to the wild-type cotton ovule culture significantly suppressed fiber growth, respectively. Their inhibitory effects were caused by the reduction of superoxide radical （O2^-）. Ten GhPOX genes （cDNAs） encoding cotton class III peroxidases were isolated, among them eight GhPOX genes were reported for the first time. Microarray analyses indicated that GhPOX1 was the mostly predominantly expressed in fast-elongating cotton fiber cells. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed the transcript level of GhPOX1 was over 400-fold higher in growing fiber cells than in ovules, flowers, roots, stems and leaves. To reveal the role of GhPOX1 in plant development, its Arabidopsis orthologue atpox13 mutant was demonstrated to be defective in branch root development. Taken together, the data suggest that GhPOX1 plays an important role during fiber cell elongation possibly by mediating production of reactive oxygen species.展开更多
The basic region/leucine zipper(bZIP)transcription factors play important roles in plant development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses.OsbZIP53 regulates resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae in rice by analyzin...The basic region/leucine zipper(bZIP)transcription factors play important roles in plant development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses.OsbZIP53 regulates resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae in rice by analyzing APIP5-RNAi transgenic plants.To further investigate the biological functions of OsbZIP53,we generated osbzip53 mutants using CRISPR/Cas9 editing and also constructed OsbZIP53 over-expression transgenic plants.Comprehensive analysis of phenotypical,physiological,and transcriptional data showed that knocking-out OsbZIP53 not only improved disease resistance by inducing a hypersensitivity response in plants,but also regulated the immune response through the salicylic acid pathway.Specifically,disrupting OsbZIP53 increased H2O2 accumulation by promoting reactive oxygen species generation through up-regulation of several respiratory burst oxidase homologs(Osrboh genes)and weakened H2O2 degradation by directly targeting OsMYBS1.In addition,the growth of osbzip53 mutants was seriously impaired,while OsbZIP53 over-expression lines displayed a similar phenotype to the wild type,suggesting that OsbZIP53 has a balancing effect on rice immune response and growth.展开更多
The mechanism of sedimentary transition from the Cretaceous black shales to the oceanic red beds is a new and important direction of Cretaceous research. Chemical sequential extraction is applied to study the burial r...The mechanism of sedimentary transition from the Cretaceous black shales to the oceanic red beds is a new and important direction of Cretaceous research. Chemical sequential extraction is applied to study the burial records of reactive phosphorus in the black shale of the Gyabula Formation and oceanic red beds of the Chuangde Formation, Southern Tibet. Results indicate that the principal reactive phosphorus species is the authigenic and carbonate-associated phosphorus （CAP） in the Gyabula Formation and iron oxides-associated phosphorus （FeP） in the Chuangde Formation which accounts for more than half of their own total phosphorus content. While the authigenic and carbonate-associated phosphorus （CAP） is almost equal in the two Formations; the iron oxidesassociated phosphorus is about 1.6 times higher in the Chuangde Formation than that in the Gyabula Formation resulting in a higher content of the total phosphorus in the Chuangde Formation. According to the observations on the marine phosphorus cyde in Modern Ocean, it is found that preferential burial and regeneration of reactive phosphorus corresponds to highly oxic and reducing conditions, respectively, leading to the different distribution of phosphorus in these two distinct type of marine sediments. It is the redox-sensitive behavior of phosphorus cycle to the different redox conditions in the ocean and the controlling effects of phosphorus to the marine production that stimulate the local sedimentary transition from the Cretaceous black shale to the oceanic red beds.展开更多
The penetration-deflagration coupling damage performance of rod-like reactive shaped charge pene-trator(RRSCP)impacting thick steel plates is investigated by theoretical analysis and experiments.A penetration-deflagra...The penetration-deflagration coupling damage performance of rod-like reactive shaped charge pene-trator(RRSCP)impacting thick steel plates is investigated by theoretical analysis and experiments.A penetration-deflagration coupling damage model is developed to predict the penetration depth and cratering diameter.Four type of aluminum-polytetrafluoroethylene-copper(Al-PTFE-Cu)reactive liners with densities of 2.3,2.7,3.5,and 4.5 g·cm^(-3) are selected to conduct the penetration experiments.The comparison results show that model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data.By comparing the penetration depth and cratering diameter in the inert penetration mode and the penetration-deflagration coupling mode,the influence mechanism that the penetration-induced chemical response is unfavorable to penetration but has an enhanced cratering effect is revealed.From the formation characteristics,penetration effect and penetration-induced chemical reaction be-haviors,the influence of reactive liner density on the penetration-deflagration performance is further analyzed.The results show that increasing the density of reactive liner significantly increases both the kinetic energy and length of the reactive penetrator,meanwhile effectively reduces the weakened effect of penetration-induced chemical response,resulting in an enhanced penetration capability.However,due to the decreased diameter and potential energy content of reactive penetrator,the cratering capa-bility is weakened significantly.展开更多
Honglian type-cytoplasmic male sterility(HL-CMS)is caused by the inter-communication between the nucleus and mitochondria.However,the mechanisms by which sterility genes regulate metabolic alterations and changes in m...Honglian type-cytoplasmic male sterility(HL-CMS)is caused by the inter-communication between the nucleus and mitochondria.However,the mechanisms by which sterility genes regulate metabolic alterations and changes in mitochondrial morphology in the pollen of HL-CMS remain unclear.In this study,we compared the morphological differences between the pollen of the male sterile line YA and the near-isogenic line NIL-Rf6 using hematoxylin-eosin staining and 4ʹ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI)staining.HL-CMS is characterized by gametophytic sterility,where the aborted pollen grains are empty,and the tapetal layer remains intact.Transmission electron microscopy was employed to observe mitochondrial morphological changes at the microspore stage,revealing significant mitochondrial alterations,characterized by the formation of'large spherical mitochondria',occurred at the binucleate stage in the YA line.Additionally,metabolomics analysis revealed decreased levels of metabolites associated with the carbohydrate and flavonoid pathways.Notably,the decrease in flavonoids was found to contribute to an elevation in reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels.Therefore,we propose a model in which rice fertility is modulated by the levels of pollen carbohydrates and flavonoid metabolites,with impaired mitochondrial energy production and reduced flavonoid biosynthesis as the main causes of ROS accumulation and pollen abortion in rice.展开更多
Pure fraction (92%-95%) of phagocytes (FP) and a mixture of amoebocytes(62%) and morula cells (38 %) FPMC of the holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix (Holothuroidea, Dendrochirota) were obtained by using ficoll verograph...Pure fraction (92%-95%) of phagocytes (FP) and a mixture of amoebocytes(62%) and morula cells (38 %) FPMC of the holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix (Holothuroidea, Dendrochirota) were obtained by using ficoll verographine step gradient. Basal production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in FP quantified by using reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) was more than twice that in FPMC. Thermostable toxin of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (TST) at different concentrations ( 0.2; 0.5; 2.5 μg/ml, but not 0.1 μg/ml) stimulated NBT reduction in FPMC after 24 h incubation. In FP, TST at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.2 μg/ml inhibited and at concentrations of 0.5 and 2.5 μg/ml stimulated NBT reduction after 24 h incubation. Maximal effect was observed in FP and FPMC at TST concentrations of 0.5 and 0.2 μg/ml, respectively. Addition of catalase (0.7 μg/ml) to the cells treated with TST (2.5 μg/ml) was followed by a decrease in NBT reduction compared to that under toxin treatment alone. TST stimulated superoxide dismutase activity in concentration dependent manner (maximum at 0.5 μg/ml concentration in FP) after 24 h treatment, and this stimulation was prevented by a commercial catalase. Plant lectin concanavalin A stimulated NBT reduction more than 5 fold in FPMC compared to the control. With addition of TST, lectin stimulated ROS to lesser extent than that with lectin alone. When catalase, TST, and lectin were added into the FPMC simultaneously, ROS increase was similar to that under lectin treatment alone. On the whole, data obtained indicated that ROS generation in holothurian coelomocytes especially occurs in both stimulated and not stimulated phagocytes, and that changes in ROS production by these cells may be one of the mechanisms of antibacterial protection of holothurians.展开更多
The presence of heavy metals in soil negatively impacts its mechanical properties.Reactive MgO carbonation presents a promising approach to enhance the solidification of Pb-contaminated sandy soils.However,the mechani...The presence of heavy metals in soil negatively impacts its mechanical properties.Reactive MgO carbonation presents a promising approach to enhance the solidification of Pb-contaminated sandy soils.However,the mechanical properties and structural behavior of contaminated soils during carbonation can vary significantly due to differences in soil composition.This study examines the potential application and underlying mechanisms of reactive MgO carbonation in improving the mechanical properties of Pb-contaminated red clay.The findings demonstrate that Pb-contaminated red clay transitions from a plastic to a brittle state following reactive MgO carbonation.After 1 h of treatment,the strength of the red clay exceeded 3 MPa,even at high Pb^(2+)concentrations.The deformation modulus to unconfined compressive strength(UCS)ratio was calculated to be 37.761,with the failure strain primarily ranging from 1.5%to 4.0%.A strength prediction model for the reactive MgO-stabilized Pb-contaminated red clay was proposed,which showed good predictive accuracy.Furthermore,reactive MgO carbonation significantly reduced the Pb leaching concentration in the high-level Pb-contaminated soil to below 0.1 mg/L.Microscopic analysis revealed that an optimal amount of hydrated magnesium carbonates(HMCs)formed a stable and compact structure with the soil particles.However,long-term carbonation causes red clay particles to become sandy,and excessive HMCs can harm the soil structure.Therefore,to maximize the strength improvement while avoiding structural damage,the carbonation time should be controlled to 1 h.展开更多
Rare earth carbonate precipitation is mainly amorphous,of large volume and difficult to filter.To prepare crystalline rare earth carbonate,mother liquor of heavy rare earth was taken as research object,and the experim...Rare earth carbonate precipitation is mainly amorphous,of large volume and difficult to filter.To prepare crystalline rare earth carbonate,mother liquor of heavy rare earth was taken as research object,and the experimental scheme was designed based on the response surface central composite design(CCD)method.The concentration of mother liquor,aging time and seed crystal dosage were taken as independent variables,and the particle size of rare earth carbonate was taken as the response value to establish a quadratic polynomial numerical model to optimize the reactive-crystallization process of rare earth carbonate.The results show that these three factors have significant effect on the particle size of rare earth carbonate,and the influence order is mother liquid concentration>aging time>seed crystal dosage.Moreover,the interaction between mother liquor concentration and seed crystal dosage has a significant effect on the size of rare earth carbonate particles.The optimal parameters predicted by the model are as follows:the concentration of mother liquid is 1.75 g/L,seed crystal dosage is 13.56 wt%,and aging time is 8 h.Under these conditions,the predicted particle size is 28.74μm,and the experiment particle size is 28.23μm,between both,the relative error is 0.73%,which indicates that the established response surface model has a good prediction effect and a certain practical significance to guide the reactive-crystallization process of rare earth carbonate.The obtained rare earth carbonate has a crystallinity of 97.82%,uniform particles size,and low-hydrated crystals with a tengerite structure.展开更多
Considering the uncertainty of grid connection of electric vehicle charging stations and the uncertainty of new energy and residential electricity load,a spatio-temporal decoupling strategy of dynamic reactive power o...Considering the uncertainty of grid connection of electric vehicle charging stations and the uncertainty of new energy and residential electricity load,a spatio-temporal decoupling strategy of dynamic reactive power optimization based on clustering-local relaxation-correction is proposed.Firstly,the k-medoids clustering algorithm is used to divide the reduced power scene into periods.Then,the discrete variables and continuous variables are optimized in the same period of time.Finally,the number of input groups of parallel capacitor banks(CB)in multiple periods is fixed,and then the secondary static reactive power optimization correction is carried out by using the continuous reactive power output device based on the static reactive power compensation device(SVC),the new energy grid-connected inverter,and the electric vehicle charging station.According to the characteristics of the model,a hybrid optimization algorithm with a cross-feedback mechanism is used to solve different types of variables,and an improved artificial hummingbird algorithm based on tent chaotic mapping and adaptive mutation is proposed to improve the solution efficiency.The simulation results show that the proposed decoupling strategy can obtain satisfactory optimization resultswhile strictly guaranteeing the dynamic constraints of discrete variables,and the hybrid algorithm can effectively solve the mixed integer nonlinear optimization problem.展开更多
A number of studies have shown the existence of cross-tolerance in plants, but the physiological mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we used the germination of barley seeds as a system to investigate the cr...A number of studies have shown the existence of cross-tolerance in plants, but the physiological mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we used the germination of barley seeds as a system to investigate the cross-tolerance of low-temperature pretreatment to high-temperature stress and the possible involvement of reactive oxygen species （ROS） scavenging enzymes in the cross-tolerance. After pretreatment at 0 ℃ for different periods of time, barley seeds were germinated at 35 ℃, and the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） and the activities of ROS scavenging enzymes were measured by a spectrophotometer analysis. The results showed that barley seed germinated very poorly at 35 ℃, and this inhibitive effect could be overcome by pretreatment at 0 ℃. The MDA content varied, depending on the temperature at which seeds germinated, while barley seeds pretreated at 0 ℃ did not change the MDA content. Compared with seeds germinated directly at 35 ℃, the seeds pretreated first at 0 ℃ and then germinated at 35 ℃ had markedly increased activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, ascorbate peroxidase （APX）, catalase （CAT）, and glutathione reductase （GR）. The SOD and APX activities of seeds germinated at 35 ℃ after 0 ℃-pretreatment were even substantially higher than those at 25 ℃, and GR activity was similar to that at 25 ℃, at which the highest germination performance of barley seeds was achieved. These results indicate that low-temperature pretreatment can markedly increase the tolerance of barley seed to high temperature during germination, this being related to the increase in ROS scavenging enzyme activity. This may provide a new method for increasing seed germination under stress environments, and may be an excellent model system for the study of cross-tolerance.展开更多
Alzheimer'sdisease(AD)isaprogressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive impairment and distinct neuropathological features,including amyloid-βplaques,neurofibrillary tangles,and reactive astrog...Alzheimer'sdisease(AD)isaprogressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive impairment and distinct neuropathological features,including amyloid-βplaques,neurofibrillary tangles,and reactive astrogliosis.Developing effective diagnostic,preventative,and therapeutic strategies for AD necessitates the establishment of animal models that accurately recapitulate the pathophysiological processes of the disease.Existing transgenic mouse models have significantly contributed to understanding AD pathology but often fail to replicate the complexity of human AD.Additionally,these models are limited in their ability to elucidate the interplay among amyloid-βplaques,neurofibrillary tangles,and reactive astrogliosis due to the absence of spatially and temporally specific genetic manipulation.In this study,we introduce a novel AD mouse model(APP/PS1-TauP301L-Adeno mice)designed to rapidly induce pathological symptoms and enhance understanding of AD mechanisms.Neurofibrillary tangles and severe reactive astrogliosis were induced by injecting AAVDJ-EF1a-hTauP301L-EGFP and Adeno-GFAP-GFP viruses into the hippocampi of 5-month-old APP/PS1 mice.Three months post-injection,these mice exhibited pronounced astrogliosis,substantial amyloid-βplaque accumulation,extensiveneurofibrillarytangles,accelerated neuronal loss,elevated astrocytic GABA levels,and significant spatial memory deficits.Notably,these pathological features were less severe in AAVTauP301L-expressing APP/PS1 mice without augmented reactive astrogliosis.These findings indicate an exacerbating role of severe reactive astrogliosis in amyloid-βplaque and neurofibrillary tangle-associated pathology.The APP/PS1-TauP301L-Adeno mouse model provides a valuable tool for advancing therapeutic research aimed at mitigating the progression of AD.展开更多
A high-density tungsten-zirconium-titanium(W-Zr-Ti)reactive alloy was prepared by powder metallurgy.This alloy exhibits high density,high strength,and violent energy release characteristics,resulting in outstanding pe...A high-density tungsten-zirconium-titanium(W-Zr-Ti)reactive alloy was prepared by powder metallurgy.This alloy exhibits high density,high strength,and violent energy release characteristics,resulting in outstanding penetration and ignition abilities.Dynamic impact experiment demonstrated its strain rate hardening effect,and the energetic characteristics were investigated by digital image processing technique and thermal analysis experiment.The results show that W-Zr-Ti reactive alloy performs compressive strength of 2.25 GPa at 5784 s^(-1)strain rate,and its exothermic reaction occurs at about 961 K.Based on the explosion test and shock wave theory,thresholds of enhanced damage effect are less than 35.77 GPa and 5.18×10^(4)kJ/m^(2)for shock pressure and energy,respectively.Furthermore,the transformation of fracture behavior and failure mechanism is revealed,which causes the increase in compressive strength and reaction intensity under dynamic loading.展开更多
Objective:Although immunity to malaria is reduced in pregnancy,the maternal immune system still continues to respond to malaria infection by the production of antibodies.IgG has been reported to play significant role ...Objective:Although immunity to malaria is reduced in pregnancy,the maternal immune system still continues to respond to malaria infection by the production of antibodies.IgG has been reported to play significant role in immune response against P.falciparum.Anti-MSP-1_(19) antibody and reactive oxygen species have been shown to be protective against malaria infection in children.This work assessed the response of anti-MSP-1_(19) antibody(a promising blood stage vaccine candidate antigen) and oxidative stress in 250 pregnant women.Methods: Blood samples were collected in dry and wet seasons.Plasmodium falciparum infection was determined by microscopy, anti-MSP-1_(19) IgG level was investigated using ELISA.Malondiadelhyde(MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were used as indicators of oxidative stress and they were quantified spectrophotometrically.Results: Parasitaemia was significantly higher(P<0.05) in wet than dry season and its level decreased with gravidity.There was a significant increase(P<0.05) in anti-MSP-1_(19) IgG and MDA levels in the dry than wet season.Anti-MSP-1_(19) IgG and MDA levels were significantly higher in P.falciparum positive primigravidae than P.falciparum negative primigravidae in both wet and dry seasons.In wet season anti-MSP-1_(19) IgG level was significantly increased(P<0.05) in P.falciparum positive multigravidae than P.falciparum negative. The anti-MSP-1_(19) IgG and MDA were significant higher in P.falciparum positive multigravidae than primigravidae. Reduced glutathione(GSH) level was significantly reduced(P<0.05) among malaria positive than malaria negative patients in both seasons.Conclusion:This study suggests that IgG and MDA response were positively associated with the presence of malaria infection.展开更多
The decolorization of reactive blue 19(RB-19)as a model dye from aqueous solutions has been studied by means of the dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)process.The independent parameters of input power,initial dye concen...The decolorization of reactive blue 19(RB-19)as a model dye from aqueous solutions has been studied by means of the dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)process.The independent parameters of input power,initial dye concentration and initial pH value were evaluated respectively.Experimental data were optimized by means of a 33 factorial design and response surface methodology(RSM).The dye was quickly removed during the treatment,yielding 96.9%of decolorization efficiency under optimized conditions.Therefore,the total organic carbon(TOC)and chemical oxygen demand(CODcr)results indicated that only the chromophore was destroyed rather than completed oxidation.This was confirmed with UV-vis and tertiary butanol assessments during the DBD treatment.展开更多
Reactive oxygen species(ROS),including singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2)),hydroxyl radicals(·OH),and superoxide anions(O_(2)^(·-)),are highly reactive molecules that play central roles in many chemical,biological,and...Reactive oxygen species(ROS),including singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2)),hydroxyl radicals(·OH),and superoxide anions(O_(2)^(·-)),are highly reactive molecules that play central roles in many chemical,biological,and environmental processes due to their strong oxidative power[1].Generating ROS in a controlled manner under mild conditions is essential for achieving selective oxidation reactions.Light-driven methods are especially appealing for this purpose,as they offer precise control over where and when ROS are produced.展开更多
Sonodynamic therapy(SDT)is a new non-invasive treatment method,which uses low-intensity ultrasound(US)to activate specific sonosensitizers(SNs)to produce reactive oxygen species(ROS)for therapeutic purposes.However,tr...Sonodynamic therapy(SDT)is a new non-invasive treatment method,which uses low-intensity ultrasound(US)to activate specific sonosensitizers(SNs)to produce reactive oxygen species(ROS)for therapeutic purposes.However,traditional sonosensitizers have the defects of low generation efficiency of ROS and single treatment mode.Therefore,designing sonosensitizers with high efficiency to generate ROS,high stability,and multimodal therapy is an excellent alternative to achieve effective,safe,and intelligent therapy.Heterojunction nanosonosensitizers(NSNs),as novel type of SNs,combine different materials through heterojunction structures to improve the efficiency of ROS generation.In this review,the classification of heterojunction NSNs,the preparation methods and characterization methods of heterojunction NSNs and the possible mechanisms for enhancing SDT were firstly presented,followed by an in-depth discussion of the application of heterojunction NSNs in the treatment of bacterial infections and tumors,with a special emphasis on synergistic enhancement of therapeutic efficacy of heterojunction SNs in combination with different therapeutic models such as gas therapy,immunotherapy and nanocatalytic therapy.Finally,the challenges and perspectives of such heterojunction SNs-supported SDT were outlined and highlighted to facilitate their clinical translation.展开更多
Aiming to solve the problem of large discharge and severe pollution of reactive dyeing wastewater for wool fabrics,peroxodisulfate(SPS)was used for the degradation and recycling of dyeing wastewater containing reactiv...Aiming to solve the problem of large discharge and severe pollution of reactive dyeing wastewater for wool fabrics,peroxodisulfate(SPS)was used for the degradation and recycling of dyeing wastewater containing reactive dye Lanasol Red CE.The process of degrading the reactive dye was determined by using the dye residual rate as the evaluation index.The feasibility of reactive dyeing of wool fabrics using recycled dyeing wastewater was confirmed by measuring the dye uptake,exhaustion and fixation rates,as well as color parameters and fastness of the dyed fabrics.The results showed that the appropriate conditions for degrading Lanasol Red CE were 0.2 g/L SPS,an initial pH value of 3 and 100℃for 30 min.Under these conditions,the dye degradation rate was as high as 93.14%.When the recycled dyeing wastewater was used for dyeing of wool fabrics,the exhaustion rate of Lanasol Red CE exceeded 99%,and the fixation rate was higher than that achieved by the conventional dyeing process.Under the same dyeing conditions,the recycled-dyed fabrics appeared darker.When the number of cycles was fewer than five,the effect on color fastness was not obvious.Although the color fastness to rubbing and washing of the fabrics dyed in the 10th cycle decreased by half a grade and 1 grade,respectively,compared to that of the fabrics dyed with the conventional dyeing process,they still met the production requirements.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.31571020,31570856 and 31300697)
文摘Nonviral vectors have been attracting more attention for several advantages in gene delivery and the development of nonviral gene ca rriers with high delivery efficiency and low cytotoxicity has long been a key project.Starburst polyamidoamine dendrimers are a class of synthetic polymers with unique structural and physical characteristics.However,when they are used as gene carrier,the gene transfection efficiency is not satisfactory.Herein,a novel thioketal-core polyamidoamine dendrimer(i.e.,ROS-PAMAM)was synthesized and characterized.Compared to ethylenediamine-core dendrimers or widely used cationic polymers of polyetherimide,ROS-PAMAM showed lower cytotoxicity.Moreover,ROS-PAMAM demonstrated reactive oxygen species responsive characteristics,which can facilitate the release of siRNA in the tumor microenvironment.In vitro gene transfection experiments based on A549 cells confirmed that siRNA/ROS-PAMAM exhibits high gene transfection efficiency.It is concluded that ROS-PAMAM shows great potential as a generalizable vehicle for gene therapy applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.11532004 and 11832008)the Innovation and Attracting Talents Program for College and Univer-sity (“111”Project) (No.B06023).
文摘Osteoarthritis(OA),a common disabling joint disease,is highly associated with microenvironmental changes in the cartilage and subchondral bone.Elevated reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the cartilage and subchondral bone angiogenesis accelerate articular cartilage erosion.New cartilage-targeting drug deliv-ery systems that are aimed at preventing ROS production and angiogenesis may be of clinical significance for OA treatment.Herein,an ROS scavenger and an inflammatory-responsive nanocarrier are designed by immobilizing the natural polyphenol(curcumin)in chitosan-catechol nanoformulations(Cur-CS-C NPs)via boronate ester.The robust cartilage-targeting effects and ROS scavenging capacities of Cur-CS-C NPs were respectively determined in cartilage explants and chondrocytes.Intra-articular injection of Cur-CS-C NPs in OA rat models efficiently suppressed angiogenesis and cartilage degradation partially via the ROS-mediated NF-κB/PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.The developed curcumin-functionalized nanocarriers can significantly delay OA progression and provide a promising therapeutic strategy for other inflamma-tory diseases that are characterized by oxidative stress and angiogenesis.
基金supported by Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico(FONDECYT)#1200836,#1210644,and#1240888,and Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo(ANID)-FONDAP#15130011(to LL)FONDECYT#3230227(to MFG).
文摘Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous system.Upon injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional changes.Depending on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,respectively.However,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and injuries.Transcriptomic analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their reactivity.Astrocytes actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune response.The phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo results.In astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory responses.Here,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their activation.We highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and Notch/PI3K/AKT pathways.While targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial outcomes.This dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function modulation.The review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to understand their functions accurately and these models are essential for clarifying astrocyte behavior.The findings should then be validated using in vivo models to ensure real-life relevance.The review also highlights the significance of PI3K/AKT pathway modulation in preventing central nervous system damage,although further studies are required to fully comprehend its role due to varying factors such as different cell types,astrocyte responses to inflammation,and disease contexts.Specific strategies are clearly necessary to address these variables effectively.
基金supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2004CB117302)the National High-tech Research Program of China (No. 2006AA10A109-1 and 2007AA10Z136).
文摘The accumulation of reactive oxygen species （ROS） is involved in plant cell development. In plant, class III peroxidases are heme-containing enzymes encoded by a large multi-gene family participated in the release or consumption of ROS. The specific function of each member of the family is still elusive. Here, we showed that ROS was significantly generated during cotton fiber initiation and elongation, whereas, application of NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium （DPI） and peroxidase inhibitor salicylhydroxamic acid （SHAM） to the wild-type cotton ovule culture significantly suppressed fiber growth, respectively. Their inhibitory effects were caused by the reduction of superoxide radical （O2^-）. Ten GhPOX genes （cDNAs） encoding cotton class III peroxidases were isolated, among them eight GhPOX genes were reported for the first time. Microarray analyses indicated that GhPOX1 was the mostly predominantly expressed in fast-elongating cotton fiber cells. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed the transcript level of GhPOX1 was over 400-fold higher in growing fiber cells than in ovules, flowers, roots, stems and leaves. To reveal the role of GhPOX1 in plant development, its Arabidopsis orthologue atpox13 mutant was demonstrated to be defective in branch root development. Taken together, the data suggest that GhPOX1 plays an important role during fiber cell elongation possibly by mediating production of reactive oxygen species.
基金the Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.LY21C130004)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.2021C02056-3)+1 种基金the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(Grant No.CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202202)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,China(Grant No.CAASASTIP-2021-CNRRI).
文摘The basic region/leucine zipper(bZIP)transcription factors play important roles in plant development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses.OsbZIP53 regulates resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae in rice by analyzing APIP5-RNAi transgenic plants.To further investigate the biological functions of OsbZIP53,we generated osbzip53 mutants using CRISPR/Cas9 editing and also constructed OsbZIP53 over-expression transgenic plants.Comprehensive analysis of phenotypical,physiological,and transcriptional data showed that knocking-out OsbZIP53 not only improved disease resistance by inducing a hypersensitivity response in plants,but also regulated the immune response through the salicylic acid pathway.Specifically,disrupting OsbZIP53 increased H2O2 accumulation by promoting reactive oxygen species generation through up-regulation of several respiratory burst oxidase homologs(Osrboh genes)and weakened H2O2 degradation by directly targeting OsMYBS1.In addition,the growth of osbzip53 mutants was seriously impaired,while OsbZIP53 over-expression lines displayed a similar phenotype to the wild type,suggesting that OsbZIP53 has a balancing effect on rice immune response and growth.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China for Youth(40403003)National Key Basic Research Program(2006CB701406)Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of China(40332020),and is a contribution to IGCP 463/555.
文摘The mechanism of sedimentary transition from the Cretaceous black shales to the oceanic red beds is a new and important direction of Cretaceous research. Chemical sequential extraction is applied to study the burial records of reactive phosphorus in the black shale of the Gyabula Formation and oceanic red beds of the Chuangde Formation, Southern Tibet. Results indicate that the principal reactive phosphorus species is the authigenic and carbonate-associated phosphorus （CAP） in the Gyabula Formation and iron oxides-associated phosphorus （FeP） in the Chuangde Formation which accounts for more than half of their own total phosphorus content. While the authigenic and carbonate-associated phosphorus （CAP） is almost equal in the two Formations; the iron oxidesassociated phosphorus is about 1.6 times higher in the Chuangde Formation than that in the Gyabula Formation resulting in a higher content of the total phosphorus in the Chuangde Formation. According to the observations on the marine phosphorus cyde in Modern Ocean, it is found that preferential burial and regeneration of reactive phosphorus corresponds to highly oxic and reducing conditions, respectively, leading to the different distribution of phosphorus in these two distinct type of marine sediments. It is the redox-sensitive behavior of phosphorus cycle to the different redox conditions in the ocean and the controlling effects of phosphorus to the marine production that stimulate the local sedimentary transition from the Cretaceous black shale to the oceanic red beds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12172052)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection(Grant No.QKKT24-02).
文摘The penetration-deflagration coupling damage performance of rod-like reactive shaped charge pene-trator(RRSCP)impacting thick steel plates is investigated by theoretical analysis and experiments.A penetration-deflagration coupling damage model is developed to predict the penetration depth and cratering diameter.Four type of aluminum-polytetrafluoroethylene-copper(Al-PTFE-Cu)reactive liners with densities of 2.3,2.7,3.5,and 4.5 g·cm^(-3) are selected to conduct the penetration experiments.The comparison results show that model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data.By comparing the penetration depth and cratering diameter in the inert penetration mode and the penetration-deflagration coupling mode,the influence mechanism that the penetration-induced chemical response is unfavorable to penetration but has an enhanced cratering effect is revealed.From the formation characteristics,penetration effect and penetration-induced chemical reaction be-haviors,the influence of reactive liner density on the penetration-deflagration performance is further analyzed.The results show that increasing the density of reactive liner significantly increases both the kinetic energy and length of the reactive penetrator,meanwhile effectively reduces the weakened effect of penetration-induced chemical response,resulting in an enhanced penetration capability.However,due to the decreased diameter and potential energy content of reactive penetrator,the cratering capa-bility is weakened significantly.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32472185)the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province,China(Grant No.2022BFE003)the Hubei Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Center program,and the National Rice Industry Technology System,China(Grant No.CARS-01-07).
文摘Honglian type-cytoplasmic male sterility(HL-CMS)is caused by the inter-communication between the nucleus and mitochondria.However,the mechanisms by which sterility genes regulate metabolic alterations and changes in mitochondrial morphology in the pollen of HL-CMS remain unclear.In this study,we compared the morphological differences between the pollen of the male sterile line YA and the near-isogenic line NIL-Rf6 using hematoxylin-eosin staining and 4ʹ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI)staining.HL-CMS is characterized by gametophytic sterility,where the aborted pollen grains are empty,and the tapetal layer remains intact.Transmission electron microscopy was employed to observe mitochondrial morphological changes at the microspore stage,revealing significant mitochondrial alterations,characterized by the formation of'large spherical mitochondria',occurred at the binucleate stage in the YA line.Additionally,metabolomics analysis revealed decreased levels of metabolites associated with the carbohydrate and flavonoid pathways.Notably,the decrease in flavonoids was found to contribute to an elevation in reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels.Therefore,we propose a model in which rice fertility is modulated by the levels of pollen carbohydrates and flavonoid metabolites,with impaired mitochondrial energy production and reduced flavonoid biosynthesis as the main causes of ROS accumulation and pollen abortion in rice.
文摘Pure fraction (92%-95%) of phagocytes (FP) and a mixture of amoebocytes(62%) and morula cells (38 %) FPMC of the holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix (Holothuroidea, Dendrochirota) were obtained by using ficoll verographine step gradient. Basal production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in FP quantified by using reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) was more than twice that in FPMC. Thermostable toxin of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (TST) at different concentrations ( 0.2; 0.5; 2.5 μg/ml, but not 0.1 μg/ml) stimulated NBT reduction in FPMC after 24 h incubation. In FP, TST at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.2 μg/ml inhibited and at concentrations of 0.5 and 2.5 μg/ml stimulated NBT reduction after 24 h incubation. Maximal effect was observed in FP and FPMC at TST concentrations of 0.5 and 0.2 μg/ml, respectively. Addition of catalase (0.7 μg/ml) to the cells treated with TST (2.5 μg/ml) was followed by a decrease in NBT reduction compared to that under toxin treatment alone. TST stimulated superoxide dismutase activity in concentration dependent manner (maximum at 0.5 μg/ml concentration in FP) after 24 h treatment, and this stimulation was prevented by a commercial catalase. Plant lectin concanavalin A stimulated NBT reduction more than 5 fold in FPMC compared to the control. With addition of TST, lectin stimulated ROS to lesser extent than that with lectin alone. When catalase, TST, and lectin were added into the FPMC simultaneously, ROS increase was similar to that under lectin treatment alone. On the whole, data obtained indicated that ROS generation in holothurian coelomocytes especially occurs in both stimulated and not stimulated phagocytes, and that changes in ROS production by these cells may be one of the mechanisms of antibacterial protection of holothurians.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC3707900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42030710 and 42472337).
文摘The presence of heavy metals in soil negatively impacts its mechanical properties.Reactive MgO carbonation presents a promising approach to enhance the solidification of Pb-contaminated sandy soils.However,the mechanical properties and structural behavior of contaminated soils during carbonation can vary significantly due to differences in soil composition.This study examines the potential application and underlying mechanisms of reactive MgO carbonation in improving the mechanical properties of Pb-contaminated red clay.The findings demonstrate that Pb-contaminated red clay transitions from a plastic to a brittle state following reactive MgO carbonation.After 1 h of treatment,the strength of the red clay exceeded 3 MPa,even at high Pb^(2+)concentrations.The deformation modulus to unconfined compressive strength(UCS)ratio was calculated to be 37.761,with the failure strain primarily ranging from 1.5%to 4.0%.A strength prediction model for the reactive MgO-stabilized Pb-contaminated red clay was proposed,which showed good predictive accuracy.Furthermore,reactive MgO carbonation significantly reduced the Pb leaching concentration in the high-level Pb-contaminated soil to below 0.1 mg/L.Microscopic analysis revealed that an optimal amount of hydrated magnesium carbonates(HMCs)formed a stable and compact structure with the soil particles.However,long-term carbonation causes red clay particles to become sandy,and excessive HMCs can harm the soil structure.Therefore,to maximize the strength improvement while avoiding structural damage,the carbonation time should be controlled to 1 h.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51674125,51604128,51874150)the Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology(jxxjbs19020)+2 种基金Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education Science and Technology Research Project(GJJ190486)Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation Project Fund of JXUST(YB2016001)Jiangxi Outstanding Young Talents Program(20192BCB23017)。
文摘Rare earth carbonate precipitation is mainly amorphous,of large volume and difficult to filter.To prepare crystalline rare earth carbonate,mother liquor of heavy rare earth was taken as research object,and the experimental scheme was designed based on the response surface central composite design(CCD)method.The concentration of mother liquor,aging time and seed crystal dosage were taken as independent variables,and the particle size of rare earth carbonate was taken as the response value to establish a quadratic polynomial numerical model to optimize the reactive-crystallization process of rare earth carbonate.The results show that these three factors have significant effect on the particle size of rare earth carbonate,and the influence order is mother liquid concentration>aging time>seed crystal dosage.Moreover,the interaction between mother liquor concentration and seed crystal dosage has a significant effect on the size of rare earth carbonate particles.The optimal parameters predicted by the model are as follows:the concentration of mother liquid is 1.75 g/L,seed crystal dosage is 13.56 wt%,and aging time is 8 h.Under these conditions,the predicted particle size is 28.74μm,and the experiment particle size is 28.23μm,between both,the relative error is 0.73%,which indicates that the established response surface model has a good prediction effect and a certain practical significance to guide the reactive-crystallization process of rare earth carbonate.The obtained rare earth carbonate has a crystallinity of 97.82%,uniform particles size,and low-hydrated crystals with a tengerite structure.
基金funded by the“Research and Application Project of Collaborative Optimization Control Technology for Distribution Station Area for High Proportion Distributed PV Consumption(4000-202318079A-1-1-ZN)”of the Headquarters of the State Grid Corporation.
文摘Considering the uncertainty of grid connection of electric vehicle charging stations and the uncertainty of new energy and residential electricity load,a spatio-temporal decoupling strategy of dynamic reactive power optimization based on clustering-local relaxation-correction is proposed.Firstly,the k-medoids clustering algorithm is used to divide the reduced power scene into periods.Then,the discrete variables and continuous variables are optimized in the same period of time.Finally,the number of input groups of parallel capacitor banks(CB)in multiple periods is fixed,and then the secondary static reactive power optimization correction is carried out by using the continuous reactive power output device based on the static reactive power compensation device(SVC),the new energy grid-connected inverter,and the electric vehicle charging station.According to the characteristics of the model,a hybrid optimization algorithm with a cross-feedback mechanism is used to solve different types of variables,and an improved artificial hummingbird algorithm based on tent chaotic mapping and adaptive mutation is proposed to improve the solution efficiency.The simulation results show that the proposed decoupling strategy can obtain satisfactory optimization resultswhile strictly guaranteeing the dynamic constraints of discrete variables,and the hybrid algorithm can effectively solve the mixed integer nonlinear optimization problem.
基金Project (No. 30870223) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A number of studies have shown the existence of cross-tolerance in plants, but the physiological mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we used the germination of barley seeds as a system to investigate the cross-tolerance of low-temperature pretreatment to high-temperature stress and the possible involvement of reactive oxygen species （ROS） scavenging enzymes in the cross-tolerance. After pretreatment at 0 ℃ for different periods of time, barley seeds were germinated at 35 ℃, and the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） and the activities of ROS scavenging enzymes were measured by a spectrophotometer analysis. The results showed that barley seed germinated very poorly at 35 ℃, and this inhibitive effect could be overcome by pretreatment at 0 ℃. The MDA content varied, depending on the temperature at which seeds germinated, while barley seeds pretreated at 0 ℃ did not change the MDA content. Compared with seeds germinated directly at 35 ℃, the seeds pretreated first at 0 ℃ and then germinated at 35 ℃ had markedly increased activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, ascorbate peroxidase （APX）, catalase （CAT）, and glutathione reductase （GR）. The SOD and APX activities of seeds germinated at 35 ℃ after 0 ℃-pretreatment were even substantially higher than those at 25 ℃, and GR activity was similar to that at 25 ℃, at which the highest germination performance of barley seeds was achieved. These results indicate that low-temperature pretreatment can markedly increase the tolerance of barley seed to high temperature during germination, this being related to the increase in ROS scavenging enzyme activity. This may provide a new method for increasing seed germination under stress environments, and may be an excellent model system for the study of cross-tolerance.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT&Future Planning (2022R1A2C2006229,2022R1A6A3A01086868)Korea Dementia Research Project through the Korea Dementia Research Center (KDRC)funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare and Ministry of Science and ICT,Republic of Korea (RS-2024-00345328)KIST Institutional Grant (2E32851)。
文摘Alzheimer'sdisease(AD)isaprogressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive impairment and distinct neuropathological features,including amyloid-βplaques,neurofibrillary tangles,and reactive astrogliosis.Developing effective diagnostic,preventative,and therapeutic strategies for AD necessitates the establishment of animal models that accurately recapitulate the pathophysiological processes of the disease.Existing transgenic mouse models have significantly contributed to understanding AD pathology but often fail to replicate the complexity of human AD.Additionally,these models are limited in their ability to elucidate the interplay among amyloid-βplaques,neurofibrillary tangles,and reactive astrogliosis due to the absence of spatially and temporally specific genetic manipulation.In this study,we introduce a novel AD mouse model(APP/PS1-TauP301L-Adeno mice)designed to rapidly induce pathological symptoms and enhance understanding of AD mechanisms.Neurofibrillary tangles and severe reactive astrogliosis were induced by injecting AAVDJ-EF1a-hTauP301L-EGFP and Adeno-GFAP-GFP viruses into the hippocampi of 5-month-old APP/PS1 mice.Three months post-injection,these mice exhibited pronounced astrogliosis,substantial amyloid-βplaque accumulation,extensiveneurofibrillarytangles,accelerated neuronal loss,elevated astrocytic GABA levels,and significant spatial memory deficits.Notably,these pathological features were less severe in AAVTauP301L-expressing APP/PS1 mice without augmented reactive astrogliosis.These findings indicate an exacerbating role of severe reactive astrogliosis in amyloid-βplaque and neurofibrillary tangle-associated pathology.The APP/PS1-TauP301L-Adeno mouse model provides a valuable tool for advancing therapeutic research aimed at mitigating the progression of AD.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12002045)Supported by State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection,Beijing Institute of Technology(QNKT22-09)。
文摘A high-density tungsten-zirconium-titanium(W-Zr-Ti)reactive alloy was prepared by powder metallurgy.This alloy exhibits high density,high strength,and violent energy release characteristics,resulting in outstanding penetration and ignition abilities.Dynamic impact experiment demonstrated its strain rate hardening effect,and the energetic characteristics were investigated by digital image processing technique and thermal analysis experiment.The results show that W-Zr-Ti reactive alloy performs compressive strength of 2.25 GPa at 5784 s^(-1)strain rate,and its exothermic reaction occurs at about 961 K.Based on the explosion test and shock wave theory,thresholds of enhanced damage effect are less than 35.77 GPa and 5.18×10^(4)kJ/m^(2)for shock pressure and energy,respectively.Furthermore,the transformation of fracture behavior and failure mechanism is revealed,which causes the increase in compressive strength and reaction intensity under dynamic loading.
基金partially supported by University of Ibadan senate research grant awarded to Dr OG Ademowo of Institute for Advanced Medical Re- search and Training,Universily of Ibadan,Ibadan, Nigeria
文摘Objective:Although immunity to malaria is reduced in pregnancy,the maternal immune system still continues to respond to malaria infection by the production of antibodies.IgG has been reported to play significant role in immune response against P.falciparum.Anti-MSP-1_(19) antibody and reactive oxygen species have been shown to be protective against malaria infection in children.This work assessed the response of anti-MSP-1_(19) antibody(a promising blood stage vaccine candidate antigen) and oxidative stress in 250 pregnant women.Methods: Blood samples were collected in dry and wet seasons.Plasmodium falciparum infection was determined by microscopy, anti-MSP-1_(19) IgG level was investigated using ELISA.Malondiadelhyde(MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were used as indicators of oxidative stress and they were quantified spectrophotometrically.Results: Parasitaemia was significantly higher(P<0.05) in wet than dry season and its level decreased with gravidity.There was a significant increase(P<0.05) in anti-MSP-1_(19) IgG and MDA levels in the dry than wet season.Anti-MSP-1_(19) IgG and MDA levels were significantly higher in P.falciparum positive primigravidae than P.falciparum negative primigravidae in both wet and dry seasons.In wet season anti-MSP-1_(19) IgG level was significantly increased(P<0.05) in P.falciparum positive multigravidae than P.falciparum negative. The anti-MSP-1_(19) IgG and MDA were significant higher in P.falciparum positive multigravidae than primigravidae. Reduced glutathione(GSH) level was significantly reduced(P<0.05) among malaria positive than malaria negative patients in both seasons.Conclusion:This study suggests that IgG and MDA response were positively associated with the presence of malaria infection.
基金Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province,China(No.162102210084)
文摘The decolorization of reactive blue 19(RB-19)as a model dye from aqueous solutions has been studied by means of the dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)process.The independent parameters of input power,initial dye concentration and initial pH value were evaluated respectively.Experimental data were optimized by means of a 33 factorial design and response surface methodology(RSM).The dye was quickly removed during the treatment,yielding 96.9%of decolorization efficiency under optimized conditions.Therefore,the total organic carbon(TOC)and chemical oxygen demand(CODcr)results indicated that only the chromophore was destroyed rather than completed oxidation.This was confirmed with UV-vis and tertiary butanol assessments during the DBD treatment.
文摘Reactive oxygen species(ROS),including singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2)),hydroxyl radicals(·OH),and superoxide anions(O_(2)^(·-)),are highly reactive molecules that play central roles in many chemical,biological,and environmental processes due to their strong oxidative power[1].Generating ROS in a controlled manner under mild conditions is essential for achieving selective oxidation reactions.Light-driven methods are especially appealing for this purpose,as they offer precise control over where and when ROS are produced.
基金supported by Key Research Project of the Educational Department of Liaoning Province,China(No.JYTZD2023139).
文摘Sonodynamic therapy(SDT)is a new non-invasive treatment method,which uses low-intensity ultrasound(US)to activate specific sonosensitizers(SNs)to produce reactive oxygen species(ROS)for therapeutic purposes.However,traditional sonosensitizers have the defects of low generation efficiency of ROS and single treatment mode.Therefore,designing sonosensitizers with high efficiency to generate ROS,high stability,and multimodal therapy is an excellent alternative to achieve effective,safe,and intelligent therapy.Heterojunction nanosonosensitizers(NSNs),as novel type of SNs,combine different materials through heterojunction structures to improve the efficiency of ROS generation.In this review,the classification of heterojunction NSNs,the preparation methods and characterization methods of heterojunction NSNs and the possible mechanisms for enhancing SDT were firstly presented,followed by an in-depth discussion of the application of heterojunction NSNs in the treatment of bacterial infections and tumors,with a special emphasis on synergistic enhancement of therapeutic efficacy of heterojunction SNs in combination with different therapeutic models such as gas therapy,immunotherapy and nanocatalytic therapy.Finally,the challenges and perspectives of such heterojunction SNs-supported SDT were outlined and highlighted to facilitate their clinical translation.
基金Youth Foundation of Hebei Province Department of Education Fund,China(No.QN2023090)Opening Project of Textile Ecological Dyeing and Finishing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province(Chengdu Textile College),China(No.2024DF-AO2)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students,China(No.202410082023)。
文摘Aiming to solve the problem of large discharge and severe pollution of reactive dyeing wastewater for wool fabrics,peroxodisulfate(SPS)was used for the degradation and recycling of dyeing wastewater containing reactive dye Lanasol Red CE.The process of degrading the reactive dye was determined by using the dye residual rate as the evaluation index.The feasibility of reactive dyeing of wool fabrics using recycled dyeing wastewater was confirmed by measuring the dye uptake,exhaustion and fixation rates,as well as color parameters and fastness of the dyed fabrics.The results showed that the appropriate conditions for degrading Lanasol Red CE were 0.2 g/L SPS,an initial pH value of 3 and 100℃for 30 min.Under these conditions,the dye degradation rate was as high as 93.14%.When the recycled dyeing wastewater was used for dyeing of wool fabrics,the exhaustion rate of Lanasol Red CE exceeded 99%,and the fixation rate was higher than that achieved by the conventional dyeing process.Under the same dyeing conditions,the recycled-dyed fabrics appeared darker.When the number of cycles was fewer than five,the effect on color fastness was not obvious.Although the color fastness to rubbing and washing of the fabrics dyed in the 10th cycle decreased by half a grade and 1 grade,respectively,compared to that of the fabrics dyed with the conventional dyeing process,they still met the production requirements.
