Background:Theworld is nowexperiencing many crises and adversities of great impact that pose serious threats to both physical and mental health.Threats to mental health include major depressive disorder,which can be s...Background:Theworld is nowexperiencing many crises and adversities of great impact that pose serious threats to both physical and mental health.Threats to mental health include major depressive disorder,which can be severe and disabling.The current study aimed to identify the prevalence of one type of depressive disorder,reactive depression(RD),and its relationship to demographic and psychological variables.Methods:For this study,RD is defined as an abnormal emotional response to traumatic situations involving mood difficulties.This study created an online self-report reactive depression questionnaire consisting of 23 items distributed across three subscales:1)bad feelings and life attitudes,2)loss of hope and loneliness,and 3)feeling sad and loss of confidence.The questionnaire was administered to a volunteer sample of 362male and female Iraqi university students.Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA),Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA),t-tests,and one-way Analysis of Variance(ANOVA)were used to investigate exploratory and confirmatory factor structures of the questionnaire.Results:Evidence of reactive depression was found in 18.2%of the students.Female students had significantly higher levels of reactive depression than males(female N=205,mean=85.00,SD=11.30;male N=157,mean=76.46,SD=11.51).The high levels of reactive depression identified in these students demonstrate the value of assessing reactive depression in university students.Conclusion:The study underscores that the loss of emotional and psychological security,particularly in the face of traumatic and permanent events such as the death of a loved one,may contribute to the onset and progression of depressive symptoms.Future research should explore the role of specific cultural factors and further validate the reactive depression questionnaire in broader populations.Additionally,there is a need for improvedmental health support in Iraqi universities,particularly for female students,who may face unique challenges.展开更多
There are various types of traumatic stimuli,such as catastrophic events like wars,natural calamities like earthquakes,and personal trauma from physical and psychological neglect or abuse and sexual abuse.Traumatic ev...There are various types of traumatic stimuli,such as catastrophic events like wars,natural calamities like earthquakes,and personal trauma from physical and psychological neglect or abuse and sexual abuse.Traumatic events can be divided into type I and type II trauma,and their impacts on individuals depend not only on the severity and duration of the traumas but also on individuals’self-evaluation of the traumatic events.Individual stress reactions to trauma include posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD),complex PTSD and trauma-related depression.Trauma-related depression is a reactive depression with unclear pathology,and depression occurring due to trauma in the childhood has gained increasing attention,because it has persisted for a long time and does not respond to conventional antidepressants but shows good or partial response to psychotherapy,which is similar to the pattern observed for PTSD.Because trauma-related depression is associated with high risk of suicide and is chronic with a propensity to relapse,it is necessary to explore its pathogenesis and therapeutic strategy.展开更多
Sleep apnea is a clinical condition characterized by cessation of breathing in the sleeper due to pharyngeal airway closure. The reduction in air exchange results in decreased cerebral blood circulation with consequen...Sleep apnea is a clinical condition characterized by cessation of breathing in the sleeper due to pharyngeal airway closure. The reduction in air exchange results in decreased cerebral blood circulation with consequential behavioral deficits cognitively and emotionally. Untreated sleep apnea is associated with chronic illnesses of depression, cardiovascular disorder, obesity and diabetes mellitus. Measured cognitive behavior before and following CPAP treatment demonstrates the cognitive deficit as the effectiveness of CPAP treatment. Emotional factors related to sleep apnea diagnosis and adherence to treatment are facilitated in patients with cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) interventions by sleep specialists. This is a brief review paper that presents findings about cognition and emotional factors related to sleep apnea. This is a brief review paper.展开更多
The Wulungu Depression is the northernmost first-order tectonic unit in the Junggar Basin. It can be divided into three sub-units： the Hongyan step-fault zone, the Suosuoquan sag and the Wulungu south slope. The Ceno...The Wulungu Depression is the northernmost first-order tectonic unit in the Junggar Basin. It can be divided into three sub-units： the Hongyan step-fault zone, the Suosuoquan sag and the Wulungu south slope. The Cenozoic strata in the basin are intact and Mesozoic-Cenozoic deformation can be observed in the Wulungu step-fault zone, so this is an ideal place to study the Mesozoic-Cenozoic deformation. By integration of fault-related folding theories, regional geology and drilling data, the strata of the Cretaceous-Paleogene systems are divided into small layers which are selected as the subjects of this research. The combination of the developing unconformity with existing growth strata makes it conceivable that faults on the step-fault zone have experienced different degrees of reactivation of movement since the Cretaceous. Evolutionary analyses of the small layers using 2D-Move software showed certain differences in the reactivation of different segments of the Wulungu Depression such as the timing of reactivation of thrusting, for which the reactivity time of the eastern segment was late compared with those of the western and middle segments. In addition the resurrection strength was similarly slightly different, with the shortening rate being higher in the western segment than in the other segments. Moreover, the thrust fault mechanism is basement-involved combined with triangle shear fold, for which a forward evolution model was proposed.展开更多
文摘Background:Theworld is nowexperiencing many crises and adversities of great impact that pose serious threats to both physical and mental health.Threats to mental health include major depressive disorder,which can be severe and disabling.The current study aimed to identify the prevalence of one type of depressive disorder,reactive depression(RD),and its relationship to demographic and psychological variables.Methods:For this study,RD is defined as an abnormal emotional response to traumatic situations involving mood difficulties.This study created an online self-report reactive depression questionnaire consisting of 23 items distributed across three subscales:1)bad feelings and life attitudes,2)loss of hope and loneliness,and 3)feeling sad and loss of confidence.The questionnaire was administered to a volunteer sample of 362male and female Iraqi university students.Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA),Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA),t-tests,and one-way Analysis of Variance(ANOVA)were used to investigate exploratory and confirmatory factor structures of the questionnaire.Results:Evidence of reactive depression was found in 18.2%of the students.Female students had significantly higher levels of reactive depression than males(female N=205,mean=85.00,SD=11.30;male N=157,mean=76.46,SD=11.51).The high levels of reactive depression identified in these students demonstrate the value of assessing reactive depression in university students.Conclusion:The study underscores that the loss of emotional and psychological security,particularly in the face of traumatic and permanent events such as the death of a loved one,may contribute to the onset and progression of depressive symptoms.Future research should explore the role of specific cultural factors and further validate the reactive depression questionnaire in broader populations.Additionally,there is a need for improvedmental health support in Iraqi universities,particularly for female students,who may face unique challenges.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Provincial,No.GF22H093655Nonprofit Applied Research Project of Huzhou Science and Technology Bureau,2021GYB16.
文摘There are various types of traumatic stimuli,such as catastrophic events like wars,natural calamities like earthquakes,and personal trauma from physical and psychological neglect or abuse and sexual abuse.Traumatic events can be divided into type I and type II trauma,and their impacts on individuals depend not only on the severity and duration of the traumas but also on individuals’self-evaluation of the traumatic events.Individual stress reactions to trauma include posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD),complex PTSD and trauma-related depression.Trauma-related depression is a reactive depression with unclear pathology,and depression occurring due to trauma in the childhood has gained increasing attention,because it has persisted for a long time and does not respond to conventional antidepressants but shows good or partial response to psychotherapy,which is similar to the pattern observed for PTSD.Because trauma-related depression is associated with high risk of suicide and is chronic with a propensity to relapse,it is necessary to explore its pathogenesis and therapeutic strategy.
文摘Sleep apnea is a clinical condition characterized by cessation of breathing in the sleeper due to pharyngeal airway closure. The reduction in air exchange results in decreased cerebral blood circulation with consequential behavioral deficits cognitively and emotionally. Untreated sleep apnea is associated with chronic illnesses of depression, cardiovascular disorder, obesity and diabetes mellitus. Measured cognitive behavior before and following CPAP treatment demonstrates the cognitive deficit as the effectiveness of CPAP treatment. Emotional factors related to sleep apnea diagnosis and adherence to treatment are facilitated in patients with cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) interventions by sleep specialists. This is a brief review paper that presents findings about cognition and emotional factors related to sleep apnea. This is a brief review paper.
基金financially supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project (No.2011ZX05008-001)the Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40739906)the Chinese State 973 Project(No. 2011CB201100)
文摘The Wulungu Depression is the northernmost first-order tectonic unit in the Junggar Basin. It can be divided into three sub-units： the Hongyan step-fault zone, the Suosuoquan sag and the Wulungu south slope. The Cenozoic strata in the basin are intact and Mesozoic-Cenozoic deformation can be observed in the Wulungu step-fault zone, so this is an ideal place to study the Mesozoic-Cenozoic deformation. By integration of fault-related folding theories, regional geology and drilling data, the strata of the Cretaceous-Paleogene systems are divided into small layers which are selected as the subjects of this research. The combination of the developing unconformity with existing growth strata makes it conceivable that faults on the step-fault zone have experienced different degrees of reactivation of movement since the Cretaceous. Evolutionary analyses of the small layers using 2D-Move software showed certain differences in the reactivation of different segments of the Wulungu Depression such as the timing of reactivation of thrusting, for which the reactivity time of the eastern segment was late compared with those of the western and middle segments. In addition the resurrection strength was similarly slightly different, with the shortening rate being higher in the western segment than in the other segments. Moreover, the thrust fault mechanism is basement-involved combined with triangle shear fold, for which a forward evolution model was proposed.
