The last two decades have witnessed a paradigm shift from cytotoxic drugs to targeted therapy in medical oncol?ogy and pharmaceutical innovation. Inspired by breakthroughs in molecular and cellular biology, a number o...The last two decades have witnessed a paradigm shift from cytotoxic drugs to targeted therapy in medical oncol?ogy and pharmaceutical innovation. Inspired by breakthroughs in molecular and cellular biology, a number of novel synthesized chemical compounds and recombinant antibodies have been developed to selectively target oncogenic signaling pathways in a broad array of tumor types. Although targeted therapeutic agents show impressive clinical eicacy and minimized adverse efects compared with traditional treatments, the challenging drug?resistant issue has also emerged to limit their beneits to cancer patients. In this regard, we aim to improve targeted therapy by present?ing a systematic framework regarding the drug resistance mechanisms and alternative approaches to re?sensitize cancer cells/tissues therapeutically.展开更多
The rapidly evolving world of antimicrobial resistance has not only made it difficult to combat infectious diseases,but during the last decades also brought the discovery of novel antimicrobials to a standstill.In rec...The rapidly evolving world of antimicrobial resistance has not only made it difficult to combat infectious diseases,but during the last decades also brought the discovery of novel antimicrobials to a standstill.In recent years,researchers discovered the potential of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-associated(CRISPR-Cas)system as an alternative therapeutic.Since the unearthing of CRISPR-Cas9 as an“adaptive immune system”of bacteria,the CRISPR-Cas9 system has been improved into a state-of-the-art genetic engineering tool,with an impressive ability to cause specific gene insertions and/or gene deletions,in almost all microorganisms.The emerging picture suggests that the CRISPR-Cas9 system can be exploited in a sequence-specific manner to selectively eliminate individual bacterial strains in a mixed microbial population,and/or re-sensitize bacteria to antibiotics.These findings have not only revolutionized biomedical research,but might also prove to be pivotal in creating novel alternative treatments for multidrug-resistant infections.Here,we discussed the up-to-date findings reported in this area,as well as the approaches involved in the utilization of CRISPR-Cas9 as a novel technology in the fight against antimicrobial resistance.We also highlighted recent studies that have exploited the CRISPR-Cas9 system in the context of targeting pathogenic and drug-resistant bacteria.展开更多
文摘The last two decades have witnessed a paradigm shift from cytotoxic drugs to targeted therapy in medical oncol?ogy and pharmaceutical innovation. Inspired by breakthroughs in molecular and cellular biology, a number of novel synthesized chemical compounds and recombinant antibodies have been developed to selectively target oncogenic signaling pathways in a broad array of tumor types. Although targeted therapeutic agents show impressive clinical eicacy and minimized adverse efects compared with traditional treatments, the challenging drug?resistant issue has also emerged to limit their beneits to cancer patients. In this regard, we aim to improve targeted therapy by present?ing a systematic framework regarding the drug resistance mechanisms and alternative approaches to re?sensitize cancer cells/tissues therapeutically.
文摘The rapidly evolving world of antimicrobial resistance has not only made it difficult to combat infectious diseases,but during the last decades also brought the discovery of novel antimicrobials to a standstill.In recent years,researchers discovered the potential of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-associated(CRISPR-Cas)system as an alternative therapeutic.Since the unearthing of CRISPR-Cas9 as an“adaptive immune system”of bacteria,the CRISPR-Cas9 system has been improved into a state-of-the-art genetic engineering tool,with an impressive ability to cause specific gene insertions and/or gene deletions,in almost all microorganisms.The emerging picture suggests that the CRISPR-Cas9 system can be exploited in a sequence-specific manner to selectively eliminate individual bacterial strains in a mixed microbial population,and/or re-sensitize bacteria to antibiotics.These findings have not only revolutionized biomedical research,but might also prove to be pivotal in creating novel alternative treatments for multidrug-resistant infections.Here,we discussed the up-to-date findings reported in this area,as well as the approaches involved in the utilization of CRISPR-Cas9 as a novel technology in the fight against antimicrobial resistance.We also highlighted recent studies that have exploited the CRISPR-Cas9 system in the context of targeting pathogenic and drug-resistant bacteria.
