Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major causes of liver diseases, affecting more than 350 million people worldwide. The interferon (IFN)-mediated innate immune responses could restrict HBV replication at...Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major causes of liver diseases, affecting more than 350 million people worldwide. The interferon (IFN)-mediated innate immune responses could restrict HBV replication at the different steps of viral life cycle. Indeed, IFN-α has been successfully used for treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B. However, the role of the innate immune response in HBV replication and the mechanism of the anti-HBV effect of IFN-α are not completely explored. In this review, we summarized the currently available knowledge about the IFN-mediated anti-HBV effect in the HBV life cycle and the possible effectors downstream the IFN signaling pathway. The antiviral effect of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in HBV replication is briefly discussed. The strategies exploited by HBV to evade the IFN- and TLR-mediated antiviral actions are summarized.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effects of 17β-estradiol via estrogen receptors (ER) or direct administration of ER agonists on human colorectal cancer.
AIM: To investigate inflammatory injury in the intestinal mucosa after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR) with Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated innate immunity. METHODS: Ten macaques were randomized into control a...AIM: To investigate inflammatory injury in the intestinal mucosa after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR) with Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated innate immunity. METHODS: Ten macaques were randomized into control and IIR groups. The distribution and expression level of TLR2, TLR4, MD2, nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B p65 and interferon (IFN)-gamma were measured by immunohistochemical stain and western blotting. The mRNA expression of TLR4, TLR2, MD2, interleukin (IL)-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The cytokine levels in blood and intestinal tissues were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Obvious hemorrhage and erosion of mucosae were seen in the IIR group. Expression of TLR2, TLR4, MD2, NF-kappa B p65 and IFN-gamma. was significantly higher in the IIR group than in the control group (0.13 +/- 0.04, 0.22 +/- 0.04, 0.16 +/- 0.06, 0.65 +/- 0.12, 0.38 +/- 0.10 vs 0.07 +/- 0.04, 0.08 +/- 0.03, 0.04 +/- 0.02, 0.19 +/- 0.06, 0.14 +/- 0.05, P < 0.05). In addition, the expression of TLR2, TLR4, MD2, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha mRNA in the IIR group were significantly higher than those of control group(1.52 +/- 0.15, 1.39 +/- 0.06, 1.94 +/- 0.12, 1.48 +/- 0.15, 0.66 +/- 0.08 vs 0.31 +/- 0.05, 0.5 +/- 0.04, 0.77 +/- 0.05, 0.35 +/- 0.08, 0.18 +/- 0.04, P < 0.05). Furthermore, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels in the macaques ileum and plasma were significantly higher than in the control group (plasma: 86.3 +/- 15.2, 1129 +/- 248.3, 77.8 +/- 16.2 vs 29.5 +/- 7.3, 19.8 +/- 8.2, 5.6 +/- 1.7; ileum: 273.4. +/- 44.7, 1636 +/- 168.0, 205.5 +/- 30.7 vs 76.8 +/- 20.5, 663.4 +/- 186.9, 49.0 +/- 9.4; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: After IIR, general inflammatory injury in the intestinal mucosa is correlated with a strong innate immune response, mediated by activation of the TLR-NF-kappa B-cytokine pathway. (C) 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.展开更多
Single-chain variable domain fragment （scFv） 637 is an antigen-specific scFv of myasthenia gravis. In this study, scFv and human serum albumin genes were conjugated and the fusion pro-tein was expressed in Pichia pa...Single-chain variable domain fragment （scFv） 637 is an antigen-specific scFv of myasthenia gravis. In this study, scFv and human serum albumin genes were conjugated and the fusion pro-tein was expressed in Pichia pastoris. The afifnity of scFv-human serum albumin fusion protein to bind to acetylcholine receptor at the neuromuscular junction of human intercostal muscles was detected by immunolfuorescence staining. The ability of the fusion protein to block myas-thenia gravis patient sera binding to acetylcholine receptors and its stability in healthy serum were measured by competitive ELISA. The results showed that the inhibition rate was 2.0-77.4%, and the stability of fusion protein in static healthy sera was about 3 days. This approach suggests the scFv-human serum albumin is a potential candidate for speciifc immunosuppressive therapy of myasthenia gravis.展开更多
目的:探讨黄精对AD模型大鼠空间学习记忆能力及前额叶皮质和海马α7 n AChR表达的影响。方法:成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为四组:对照组、模型组、黄精低剂量组、黄精高剂量组。皮下注射D-半乳糖联合双侧海马注射Aβ25-35构建AD模型大鼠,黄精...目的:探讨黄精对AD模型大鼠空间学习记忆能力及前额叶皮质和海马α7 n AChR表达的影响。方法:成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为四组:对照组、模型组、黄精低剂量组、黄精高剂量组。皮下注射D-半乳糖联合双侧海马注射Aβ25-35构建AD模型大鼠,黄精低、高剂量组同时每天分别给予低剂量(15 g/kg/d)或高剂量(30g/kg/d)的黄精水煎剂灌胃治疗,连续6周。Morris水迷宫测试大鼠的空间学习和记忆能力;免疫组织化学技术检测大鼠前额叶皮质和海马α7 n AChR的表达。结果:Morris水迷宫结果显示,模型组大鼠的逃避潜伏期(EL)与对照组相比明显延长(P<0.01),在目标象限游泳时间和穿越站台次数减少(P<0.01);与模型组比较,黄精低剂量组、高剂量组的EL缩短(P<0.01),在目标象限游泳时间和穿越站台次数增多(P<0.01);黄精高剂量组的EL较低剂量组缩短(P<0.05或P<0.01),在目标象限游泳时间和穿越站台次数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。免疫组化结果显示,模型组大鼠前额叶皮质和海马α7 n AChR表达水平较对照组明显降低(P<0.01);黄精低剂量组、高剂量组大鼠前额叶皮质和海马α7n AChR表达水平较模型组明显上调(P<0.05或P<0.01);黄精高剂量组大鼠α7 n AChR表达水平较低剂量组大鼠增多(P<0.05)。结论:黄精可以明显改善AD模型大鼠的空间学习记忆能力,其作用机制可能与调节α7 n AChR表达有关。展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China to Pei RJ and Chen XC,Nos.31200135 and 31200699German Research Foundation to Lu MG,Nos.TRR60,GK1045/2 and GK1949
文摘Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major causes of liver diseases, affecting more than 350 million people worldwide. The interferon (IFN)-mediated innate immune responses could restrict HBV replication at the different steps of viral life cycle. Indeed, IFN-α has been successfully used for treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B. However, the role of the innate immune response in HBV replication and the mechanism of the anti-HBV effect of IFN-α are not completely explored. In this review, we summarized the currently available knowledge about the IFN-mediated anti-HBV effect in the HBV life cycle and the possible effectors downstream the IFN signaling pathway. The antiviral effect of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in HBV replication is briefly discussed. The strategies exploited by HBV to evade the IFN- and TLR-mediated antiviral actions are summarized.
基金Supported by Taiwan Department of Health Clinical Trial and Re-search Center of Excellence No.MOHW103-TDU-B-212-113002
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of 17β-estradiol via estrogen receptors (ER) or direct administration of ER agonists on human colorectal cancer.
基金Supported by Key Grant of the Natural Science Fund of China,No.30330270Chengdu Bureau of Science and Technology Research Projects,No.11DXYB352SFChengdu Bureau of Science and Technology Research Projects,No.12PPYB080SF-002
文摘AIM: To investigate inflammatory injury in the intestinal mucosa after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR) with Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated innate immunity. METHODS: Ten macaques were randomized into control and IIR groups. The distribution and expression level of TLR2, TLR4, MD2, nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B p65 and interferon (IFN)-gamma were measured by immunohistochemical stain and western blotting. The mRNA expression of TLR4, TLR2, MD2, interleukin (IL)-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The cytokine levels in blood and intestinal tissues were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Obvious hemorrhage and erosion of mucosae were seen in the IIR group. Expression of TLR2, TLR4, MD2, NF-kappa B p65 and IFN-gamma. was significantly higher in the IIR group than in the control group (0.13 +/- 0.04, 0.22 +/- 0.04, 0.16 +/- 0.06, 0.65 +/- 0.12, 0.38 +/- 0.10 vs 0.07 +/- 0.04, 0.08 +/- 0.03, 0.04 +/- 0.02, 0.19 +/- 0.06, 0.14 +/- 0.05, P < 0.05). In addition, the expression of TLR2, TLR4, MD2, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha mRNA in the IIR group were significantly higher than those of control group(1.52 +/- 0.15, 1.39 +/- 0.06, 1.94 +/- 0.12, 1.48 +/- 0.15, 0.66 +/- 0.08 vs 0.31 +/- 0.05, 0.5 +/- 0.04, 0.77 +/- 0.05, 0.35 +/- 0.08, 0.18 +/- 0.04, P < 0.05). Furthermore, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels in the macaques ileum and plasma were significantly higher than in the control group (plasma: 86.3 +/- 15.2, 1129 +/- 248.3, 77.8 +/- 16.2 vs 29.5 +/- 7.3, 19.8 +/- 8.2, 5.6 +/- 1.7; ileum: 273.4. +/- 44.7, 1636 +/- 168.0, 205.5 +/- 30.7 vs 76.8 +/- 20.5, 663.4 +/- 186.9, 49.0 +/- 9.4; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: After IIR, general inflammatory injury in the intestinal mucosa is correlated with a strong innate immune response, mediated by activation of the TLR-NF-kappa B-cytokine pathway. (C) 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30360100,30760234,30860260,81160373,81360458
文摘Single-chain variable domain fragment （scFv） 637 is an antigen-specific scFv of myasthenia gravis. In this study, scFv and human serum albumin genes were conjugated and the fusion pro-tein was expressed in Pichia pastoris. The afifnity of scFv-human serum albumin fusion protein to bind to acetylcholine receptor at the neuromuscular junction of human intercostal muscles was detected by immunolfuorescence staining. The ability of the fusion protein to block myas-thenia gravis patient sera binding to acetylcholine receptors and its stability in healthy serum were measured by competitive ELISA. The results showed that the inhibition rate was 2.0-77.4%, and the stability of fusion protein in static healthy sera was about 3 days. This approach suggests the scFv-human serum albumin is a potential candidate for speciifc immunosuppressive therapy of myasthenia gravis.
文摘目的:探讨黄精对AD模型大鼠空间学习记忆能力及前额叶皮质和海马α7 n AChR表达的影响。方法:成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为四组:对照组、模型组、黄精低剂量组、黄精高剂量组。皮下注射D-半乳糖联合双侧海马注射Aβ25-35构建AD模型大鼠,黄精低、高剂量组同时每天分别给予低剂量(15 g/kg/d)或高剂量(30g/kg/d)的黄精水煎剂灌胃治疗,连续6周。Morris水迷宫测试大鼠的空间学习和记忆能力;免疫组织化学技术检测大鼠前额叶皮质和海马α7 n AChR的表达。结果:Morris水迷宫结果显示,模型组大鼠的逃避潜伏期(EL)与对照组相比明显延长(P<0.01),在目标象限游泳时间和穿越站台次数减少(P<0.01);与模型组比较,黄精低剂量组、高剂量组的EL缩短(P<0.01),在目标象限游泳时间和穿越站台次数增多(P<0.01);黄精高剂量组的EL较低剂量组缩短(P<0.05或P<0.01),在目标象限游泳时间和穿越站台次数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。免疫组化结果显示,模型组大鼠前额叶皮质和海马α7 n AChR表达水平较对照组明显降低(P<0.01);黄精低剂量组、高剂量组大鼠前额叶皮质和海马α7n AChR表达水平较模型组明显上调(P<0.05或P<0.01);黄精高剂量组大鼠α7 n AChR表达水平较低剂量组大鼠增多(P<0.05)。结论:黄精可以明显改善AD模型大鼠的空间学习记忆能力,其作用机制可能与调节α7 n AChR表达有关。
