The crystal structure of L-glutamine is stabilized by a three-dimensional network of intermolecular hydrogen bonds.We utilize plane-wave density functional theory lattice-dynamics calculations within the generalized-g...The crystal structure of L-glutamine is stabilized by a three-dimensional network of intermolecular hydrogen bonds.We utilize plane-wave density functional theory lattice-dynamics calculations within the generalized-gradient approximation（GGA）, Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof（PBE）, PBE for solids（PBEsol）, PBE with Wu–Cohen exchange（WC）, and dispersion-corrected PBE, to investigate the effect of these intermolecular contacts on the absorption spectra of glutamine in the terahertz frequency range. Among these calculations, the solid-state simulated results obtained using the WC method exhibit a good agreement with the measured absorption spectra, and the absorption features are assigned with the help of WC. This indicates that the vibrational modes of glutamine were related to the combination of intramolecular and intermolecular motions, the intramolecular modes were dominated by rocking or torsion involving functional groups; the intermolecular modes mainly result from the translational motions of individual molecules, and the rocking of the hydrogenbonded functional groups.展开更多
An industrial building is a non-classically damped system due to the different damping properties of the primary structure and equipment.The objective of this paper is to quantify the range of applicability of the rea...An industrial building is a non-classically damped system due to the different damping properties of the primary structure and equipment.The objective of this paper is to quantify the range of applicability of the real model superposition approximation method to the seismic response calculation of industrial buildings.The analysis using lumped mass-and-shear spring models indicates that for the equipment-to-structure frequency ratiosγf>1.1 orγf<0.9,the non-classical damping effect is limited,and the real mode superposition approximation method provides accurate estimates.For 0.9<γf<1.1,the system may have a pair of closely spaced frequency modes,and the non-zero off-diagonal damping terms have a non-negligible effect on the damping ratios and mode shape vectors of these modes.For 0.9<γf<1.1 and the equipment-to-structure mass ratiosγm<0.07,the real mode superposition approximation method results in large errors,while the approximation method can provide an accurate estimation for 0.9<γf<1.1 andγm>0.07.Furthermore,extensive parametric analyses are conducted,where both steel structures and reinforced concrete structures with equipment with various damping ratios are considered.Finally,the finite element analysis of a five-story industrial building is adopted to validate the proposed range of applicability.展开更多
This paper analyzes the characteristic of matching efficiency between the fundamental mode of two kinds of optical waveguides and its Gaussian approximate field.Then, it presents a new method where the mode-field half...This paper analyzes the characteristic of matching efficiency between the fundamental mode of two kinds of optical waveguides and its Gaussian approximate field.Then, it presents a new method where the mode-field half-width of Caussian approximation for the fundamental mode should be defined according to the maximal matching efficiency method. The relationship between the mode-field half-width of the Gaussian approximate field obtained from the maximal matching efficiency and normalized frequency is studied; furthermore, two formulas of mode-field half-widths as a function of normalized frequency are proposed.展开更多
To handle input and output time delays that commonly exist in many networked control systems(NCSs), a new robust continuous sliding mode control(CSMC) scheme is proposed for the output tracking in uncertain single inp...To handle input and output time delays that commonly exist in many networked control systems(NCSs), a new robust continuous sliding mode control(CSMC) scheme is proposed for the output tracking in uncertain single input-single-output(SISO) networked control systems. This scheme consists of three consecutive steps. First, although the network-induced delay in those systems can be effectively handled by using Pade approximation(PA), the unmatched disturbance cames out as another difficulty in the control design. Second, to actively estimate this unmatched disturbance, a generalized proportional integral observer(GPIO) technique is utilized based on only one measured state. Third, by constructing a new sliding manifold with the aid of the estimated unmatched disturbance and states, a GPIO-based CSMC is synthesized, which is employed to cope with not only matched and unmatched disturbances, but also networkinduced delays. The stability of the entire closed-loop system under the proposed GPIO-based CSMC is detailedly analyzed.The promising tracking efficiency and feasibility of the proposed control methodology are verified through simulations and experiments on Quanser's servo module for motion control under various test conditions.展开更多
Two approximation laws of sliding mode for discrete-time variable structure control systems are proposed to overcome the limitations of the exponential approximation law and the variable rate approximation law. By app...Two approximation laws of sliding mode for discrete-time variable structure control systems are proposed to overcome the limitations of the exponential approximation law and the variable rate approximation law. By applying the proposed approximation laws of sliding mode to discrete-time variable structure control systems, the stability of origin can be guaranteed, and the chattering along the switching surface caused by discrete-time variable structure control can be restrained effectively. In designing of approximation laws, the problem that the system control input is restricted is also considered, which is very important in practical systems. Finally a simulation example shows the effectiveness of the two approximation laws proposed.展开更多
An image can be degraded due to many environmental factors like foggy or hazy weather,low light conditions,extra light conditions etc.Image captured under the poor light conditions is generally known as non-uniform il...An image can be degraded due to many environmental factors like foggy or hazy weather,low light conditions,extra light conditions etc.Image captured under the poor light conditions is generally known as non-uniform illumination image.Non-uniform illumination hides some important information present in an image during the image capture Also,it degrades the visual quality of image which generates the need for enhancement of such images.Various techniques have been present in literature for the enhancement of such type of images.In this paper,a novel architecture has been proposed for enhancement of poor illumination images which uses radial basis approximations based BEMD(Bi-dimensional Empirical Mode Decomposition).The enhancement algorithm is applied on intensity and saturation components of image.Firstly,intensity component has been decomposed into various bi-dimensional intrinsic mode function and residue by using sifting algorithm.Secondly,some linear transformations techniques have been applied on various bidimensional intrinsic modes obtained and residue and further on joining the transformed modes with residue,enhanced intensity component is obtained.Saturation part of an image is then enhanced in accordance to the enhanced intensity component.Final enhanced image can be obtained by joining the hue,enhanced intensity and enhanced saturation parts of the given image.The proposed algorithm will not only give the visual pleasant image but maintains the naturalness of image also.展开更多
By use of the Hartree approximation and the method of multiple scales, we investigate quantum solitons and intrinsic localized modes in a one-dimensional antiferromagnetic chain. It is shown that there exist solitons ...By use of the Hartree approximation and the method of multiple scales, we investigate quantum solitons and intrinsic localized modes in a one-dimensional antiferromagnetic chain. It is shown that there exist solitons of two different quantum frequency bands： i.e., magnetic optical solitons and acoustic solitons. At the boundary of the Brillouin zone, these solitons becornc quantum intrinsic localized modes： their quantum eigenfrequencics are below the bottom of the harmonic optical frequency band and above the top of the harmonic acoustic frequency band.展开更多
The quasinormal modes of the Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by the quintessence in Rastall gravity are studied using the sixth-order Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximative approach. The effect of the Rastall par...The quasinormal modes of the Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by the quintessence in Rastall gravity are studied using the sixth-order Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximative approach. The effect of the Rastall parameter on the quasinormal modes of gravitational, electromagnetic and massless scalar perturbations is explored. Compared to the case of Einstein gravity, it is found that, when η < 0, the gravitational field, electromagnetic field as well as massless scalar field damp more rapidly and have larger real frequency of oscillation in Rastall gravity, while when η > 0, the gravitational field, electromagnetic field as well as massless scalar field damp more slowly and have smaller real frequency of oscillation in Rastall gravity. It is also found that the gravitational field, electromagnetic field as well as massless scalar field damp more and more slowly and the real frequency of oscillation for the gravitational perturbation, electromagnetic perturbation as well as massless scalar perturbation becomes smaller and smaller as the Rastall parameter η increases.Compared among the quasinormal frequencies of gravitational, electromagnetic and massless scalar perturbations, I find that, for fixed η,(l, n), ε and Nq, the oscillation damps most slowly for the gravitational perturbation, mediate for the electromagnetic perturbation and most rapidly for the massless scalar perturbation, and the real frequency of oscillation is the smallest for the gravitational perturbation, mediate for the electromagnetic perturbation and the largest for the massless scalar perturbation in Rastall gravity.展开更多
Li transient concentration distribution in spherical active material particles can affect the maximum power density and the safe operating regime of the electric vehicles(EVs). On one hand, the quasiexact/exact soluti...Li transient concentration distribution in spherical active material particles can affect the maximum power density and the safe operating regime of the electric vehicles(EVs). On one hand, the quasiexact/exact solution obtained in the time/frequency domain is time-consuming and just as a reference value for approximate solutions;on the other hand, calculation errors and application range of approximate solutions not only rely on approximate algorithms but also on discharge modes. For the purpose to track the transient dynamics for Li solid-phase diffusion in spherical active particles with a tolerable error range and for a wide applicable range, it is necessary to choose optimal approximate algorithms in terms of discharge modes and the nature of active material particles. In this study, approximation methods,such as diffusion length method, polynomial profile approximation method, Padé approximation method,pseudo steady state method, eigenfunction-based Galerkin collocation method, and separation of variables method for solving Li solid-phase diffusion in spherical active particles are compared from calculation fundamentals to algorithm implementation. Furthermore, these approximate solutions are quantitatively compared to the quasi-exact/exact solution in the time/frequency domain under typical discharge modes, i.e., start-up, slow-down, and speed-up. The results obtained from the viewpoint of time-frequency analysis offer a theoretical foundation on how to track Li transient concentration profile in spherical active particles with a high precision and for a wide application range. In turn, optimal solutions of Li solid diffusion equations for spherical active particles can improve the reliability in predicting safe operating regime and estimating maximum power for automotive batteries.展开更多
In this study, micro-hollow cathode discharge （MHCD） is investigated by a fluid model with drift-diffusion approximation. The MHC device is a cathode/dielectric/anode sandwich structure with one hole of a diameter D...In this study, micro-hollow cathode discharge （MHCD） is investigated by a fluid model with drift-diffusion approximation. The MHC device is a cathode/dielectric/anode sandwich structure with one hole of a diameter D=200 um. The gas is a Ne/Xe mixture at a pressure p=50-500 Torr. The evolutions of the discharge show that there are two different discharge modes. At larger pD the discharge plasma and high density excited species expand along the cathode surface and, a ringed discharge mode is formed. At smaller pD, the discharge plasma and the excited species expand along the axis of the cathode aperture to form a columnar discharge.展开更多
In the classical lattice theory, solitons and localized modes can exist in many one-dimensional nonlinear lattice chains, however, in the quantum lattice theory, whether quantum solitons and localized modes can exist ...In the classical lattice theory, solitons and localized modes can exist in many one-dimensional nonlinear lattice chains, however, in the quantum lattice theory, whether quantum solitons and localized modes can exist or not in the one-dimensional lattice chains is an interesting problem. By using the number state method and the Hartree approximation combined with the method of multiple scales, we investigate quantum solirons and localized modes in a one-dimensional lattice chain with the nonlinear substrate potential. It is shown that quantum solitons do exist in this nonlinear lattice chain, and at the boundary of the phonon Brillouin zone, quantum solitons become quantum localized modes, phonons are pinned to the lattice of the vicinity at the central position j = j0.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61302007 and 60977065)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant No.FRF-SD-12-016A)the Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging of Beijing,China
文摘The crystal structure of L-glutamine is stabilized by a three-dimensional network of intermolecular hydrogen bonds.We utilize plane-wave density functional theory lattice-dynamics calculations within the generalized-gradient approximation（GGA）, Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof（PBE）, PBE for solids（PBEsol）, PBE with Wu–Cohen exchange（WC）, and dispersion-corrected PBE, to investigate the effect of these intermolecular contacts on the absorption spectra of glutamine in the terahertz frequency range. Among these calculations, the solid-state simulated results obtained using the WC method exhibit a good agreement with the measured absorption spectra, and the absorption features are assigned with the help of WC. This indicates that the vibrational modes of glutamine were related to the combination of intramolecular and intermolecular motions, the intramolecular modes were dominated by rocking or torsion involving functional groups; the intermolecular modes mainly result from the translational motions of individual molecules, and the rocking of the hydrogenbonded functional groups.
基金Fund of China National Industrial Building Diagnosis and Reconstruction Engineering Technology Research Center under Grant No.YZA2017Ky03the Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grant No.JQ18029the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.52078277。
文摘An industrial building is a non-classically damped system due to the different damping properties of the primary structure and equipment.The objective of this paper is to quantify the range of applicability of the real model superposition approximation method to the seismic response calculation of industrial buildings.The analysis using lumped mass-and-shear spring models indicates that for the equipment-to-structure frequency ratiosγf>1.1 orγf<0.9,the non-classical damping effect is limited,and the real mode superposition approximation method provides accurate estimates.For 0.9<γf<1.1,the system may have a pair of closely spaced frequency modes,and the non-zero off-diagonal damping terms have a non-negligible effect on the damping ratios and mode shape vectors of these modes.For 0.9<γf<1.1 and the equipment-to-structure mass ratiosγm<0.07,the real mode superposition approximation method results in large errors,while the approximation method can provide an accurate estimation for 0.9<γf<1.1 andγm>0.07.Furthermore,extensive parametric analyses are conducted,where both steel structures and reinforced concrete structures with equipment with various damping ratios are considered.Finally,the finite element analysis of a five-story industrial building is adopted to validate the proposed range of applicability.
基金Project supported by Natural Science Foundation of the Department of Science & Technology of Fujian Province of China (GrantNo 2007F5040)
文摘This paper analyzes the characteristic of matching efficiency between the fundamental mode of two kinds of optical waveguides and its Gaussian approximate field.Then, it presents a new method where the mode-field half-width of Caussian approximation for the fundamental mode should be defined according to the maximal matching efficiency method. The relationship between the mode-field half-width of the Gaussian approximate field obtained from the maximal matching efficiency and normalized frequency is studied; furthermore, two formulas of mode-field half-widths as a function of normalized frequency are proposed.
基金supported in part by the Australian Research Council Discovery Project(DP190101557)
文摘To handle input and output time delays that commonly exist in many networked control systems(NCSs), a new robust continuous sliding mode control(CSMC) scheme is proposed for the output tracking in uncertain single input-single-output(SISO) networked control systems. This scheme consists of three consecutive steps. First, although the network-induced delay in those systems can be effectively handled by using Pade approximation(PA), the unmatched disturbance cames out as another difficulty in the control design. Second, to actively estimate this unmatched disturbance, a generalized proportional integral observer(GPIO) technique is utilized based on only one measured state. Third, by constructing a new sliding manifold with the aid of the estimated unmatched disturbance and states, a GPIO-based CSMC is synthesized, which is employed to cope with not only matched and unmatched disturbances, but also networkinduced delays. The stability of the entire closed-loop system under the proposed GPIO-based CSMC is detailedly analyzed.The promising tracking efficiency and feasibility of the proposed control methodology are verified through simulations and experiments on Quanser's servo module for motion control under various test conditions.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60274099) and the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Process Industry Automation, Ministry of Education
文摘Two approximation laws of sliding mode for discrete-time variable structure control systems are proposed to overcome the limitations of the exponential approximation law and the variable rate approximation law. By applying the proposed approximation laws of sliding mode to discrete-time variable structure control systems, the stability of origin can be guaranteed, and the chattering along the switching surface caused by discrete-time variable structure control can be restrained effectively. In designing of approximation laws, the problem that the system control input is restricted is also considered, which is very important in practical systems. Finally a simulation example shows the effectiveness of the two approximation laws proposed.
基金This research is financially supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University under research grant number(R.G.P 2/157/43).
文摘An image can be degraded due to many environmental factors like foggy or hazy weather,low light conditions,extra light conditions etc.Image captured under the poor light conditions is generally known as non-uniform illumination image.Non-uniform illumination hides some important information present in an image during the image capture Also,it degrades the visual quality of image which generates the need for enhancement of such images.Various techniques have been present in literature for the enhancement of such type of images.In this paper,a novel architecture has been proposed for enhancement of poor illumination images which uses radial basis approximations based BEMD(Bi-dimensional Empirical Mode Decomposition).The enhancement algorithm is applied on intensity and saturation components of image.Firstly,intensity component has been decomposed into various bi-dimensional intrinsic mode function and residue by using sifting algorithm.Secondly,some linear transformations techniques have been applied on various bidimensional intrinsic modes obtained and residue and further on joining the transformed modes with residue,enhanced intensity component is obtained.Saturation part of an image is then enhanced in accordance to the enhanced intensity component.Final enhanced image can be obtained by joining the hue,enhanced intensity and enhanced saturation parts of the given image.The proposed algorithm will not only give the visual pleasant image but maintains the naturalness of image also.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China （Grant No 03JJY6008）.
文摘By use of the Hartree approximation and the method of multiple scales, we investigate quantum solitons and intrinsic localized modes in a one-dimensional antiferromagnetic chain. It is shown that there exist solitons of two different quantum frequency bands： i.e., magnetic optical solitons and acoustic solitons. At the boundary of the Brillouin zone, these solitons becornc quantum intrinsic localized modes： their quantum eigenfrequencics are below the bottom of the harmonic optical frequency band and above the top of the harmonic acoustic frequency band.
基金Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of Education Department of Shannxi Province under Grant No.15JK1077the Doctorial Scientific Research Starting Fund of Shannxi University of Science and Technology under Grant No.BJ12-02
文摘The quasinormal modes of the Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by the quintessence in Rastall gravity are studied using the sixth-order Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximative approach. The effect of the Rastall parameter on the quasinormal modes of gravitational, electromagnetic and massless scalar perturbations is explored. Compared to the case of Einstein gravity, it is found that, when η < 0, the gravitational field, electromagnetic field as well as massless scalar field damp more rapidly and have larger real frequency of oscillation in Rastall gravity, while when η > 0, the gravitational field, electromagnetic field as well as massless scalar field damp more slowly and have smaller real frequency of oscillation in Rastall gravity. It is also found that the gravitational field, electromagnetic field as well as massless scalar field damp more and more slowly and the real frequency of oscillation for the gravitational perturbation, electromagnetic perturbation as well as massless scalar perturbation becomes smaller and smaller as the Rastall parameter η increases.Compared among the quasinormal frequencies of gravitational, electromagnetic and massless scalar perturbations, I find that, for fixed η,(l, n), ε and Nq, the oscillation damps most slowly for the gravitational perturbation, mediate for the electromagnetic perturbation and most rapidly for the massless scalar perturbation, and the real frequency of oscillation is the smallest for the gravitational perturbation, mediate for the electromagnetic perturbation and the largest for the massless scalar perturbation in Rastall gravity.
基金the financial support from the National Science Foundation of China(22078190 and 12002196)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFB1505802)。
文摘Li transient concentration distribution in spherical active material particles can affect the maximum power density and the safe operating regime of the electric vehicles(EVs). On one hand, the quasiexact/exact solution obtained in the time/frequency domain is time-consuming and just as a reference value for approximate solutions;on the other hand, calculation errors and application range of approximate solutions not only rely on approximate algorithms but also on discharge modes. For the purpose to track the transient dynamics for Li solid-phase diffusion in spherical active particles with a tolerable error range and for a wide applicable range, it is necessary to choose optimal approximate algorithms in terms of discharge modes and the nature of active material particles. In this study, approximation methods,such as diffusion length method, polynomial profile approximation method, Padé approximation method,pseudo steady state method, eigenfunction-based Galerkin collocation method, and separation of variables method for solving Li solid-phase diffusion in spherical active particles are compared from calculation fundamentals to algorithm implementation. Furthermore, these approximate solutions are quantitatively compared to the quasi-exact/exact solution in the time/frequency domain under typical discharge modes, i.e., start-up, slow-down, and speed-up. The results obtained from the viewpoint of time-frequency analysis offer a theoretical foundation on how to track Li transient concentration profile in spherical active particles with a high precision and for a wide application range. In turn, optimal solutions of Li solid diffusion equations for spherical active particles can improve the reliability in predicting safe operating regime and estimating maximum power for automotive batteries.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 11005009）
文摘In this study, micro-hollow cathode discharge （MHCD） is investigated by a fluid model with drift-diffusion approximation. The MHC device is a cathode/dielectric/anode sandwich structure with one hole of a diameter D=200 um. The gas is a Ne/Xe mixture at a pressure p=50-500 Torr. The evolutions of the discharge show that there are two different discharge modes. At larger pD the discharge plasma and high density excited species expand along the cathode surface and, a ringed discharge mode is formed. At smaller pD, the discharge plasma and the excited species expand along the axis of the cathode aperture to form a columnar discharge.
基金The project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China under Grant No. 03JJY6008
文摘In the classical lattice theory, solitons and localized modes can exist in many one-dimensional nonlinear lattice chains, however, in the quantum lattice theory, whether quantum solitons and localized modes can exist or not in the one-dimensional lattice chains is an interesting problem. By using the number state method and the Hartree approximation combined with the method of multiple scales, we investigate quantum solirons and localized modes in a one-dimensional lattice chain with the nonlinear substrate potential. It is shown that quantum solitons do exist in this nonlinear lattice chain, and at the boundary of the phonon Brillouin zone, quantum solitons become quantum localized modes, phonons are pinned to the lattice of the vicinity at the central position j = j0.
