Low-density non–local-thermodynamic-equilibrium plasmas in intense radiation fields occur widely in inertial confinement fusion and astrophysics. Understanding the X-ray spectrum and the atomic kinetics of such plasm...Low-density non–local-thermodynamic-equilibrium plasmas in intense radiation fields occur widely in inertial confinement fusion and astrophysics. Understanding the X-ray spectrum and the atomic kinetics of such plasmas is therefore of great importance. However, the creation of uniform-density nonequilibrium plasmas in intense radiation fields in the laboratory and the measurement of their spectra with high resolution are challenging tasks. Here, we present a new method to produce such a uniform aluminum plasma and explore photon-induced kinetics and relevant atomic physics by measuring its spectrum. It is observed that in the presence of an external radiation field, the satellites q, r and a–d of the He-α resonance line are greatly enhanced compared with the satellites j, k, l. Analysis of atomic kinetics reveals that this effect of intense radiation is due to competition between the photoexcitation and autoionization processes. With this effect taken into account,simulated spectra are able to reproduce the measured spectra quite well.展开更多
To address the challenge of achieving stable in-phase coherent optical field in high-power laser arrays,we propose a novel dual Talbot diffraction coupling method that combines the on-chip self-injection effect with a...To address the challenge of achieving stable in-phase coherent optical field in high-power laser arrays,we propose a novel dual Talbot diffraction coupling method that combines the on-chip self-injection effect with a mixed-resonant cavity diode laser array(MDLA).The designed MDLA incorporates two types of resonant cavities and an integrated external fractional Talbot cavity to compensate for in-phase mode phase delays.Numerical simulations demonstrate that the nearfield optical pattern can be self-imaged via self-organized phase-locking,while the far-field optical pattern of in-phase mode can be coherently enhanced and modulated to exhibit a single-lobe pattern successfully.Furthermore,this method could inherently provide strong optical coupling and overcome the limited scalability of the weakly-coupled laser arrays.Ultimately,by leveraging self-organized phase-locking and Talbot-induced mode discrimination,our approach offers a robust platform for realizing high-power coherent laser sources with scalable integration potential.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the effects of Zuogui Pill on peripheral blood cells,sex hormone levels,interleukin 1β(IL-1β)levels,ovarian follicle number and spleen index in SD rats damaged by ^(60)Coγrays.[Methods]Fi...[Objectives]To investigate the effects of Zuogui Pill on peripheral blood cells,sex hormone levels,interleukin 1β(IL-1β)levels,ovarian follicle number and spleen index in SD rats damaged by ^(60)Coγrays.[Methods]Fifty 8-week-old female SPF SD rats were selected,10 of which were in the normal group and were fed routinely without irradiation;the other 40 rats were irradiated with ^(60)Coγrays(6.0 Gy,LD 40)for 24 h,and then divided into radiation model group,Progynova group,high and low dose of Zuogui Pill groups.Progynova group was treated with 0.09 mg Progynova;high dose Zuogui Pill group was treated with 4.725 g Zuogui Pill crude drug and low dose Zuogui Pill group was treated with 0.945 g Zuogui Pill crude drug;radiation group was treated with 2 mL normal saline by gavage once a day for 21 d.The changes of peripheral blood cells in different time periods were detected;the follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)and estradiol(E 2)in peripheral blood serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The expression levels of E 2,luteinizing hormone(LH)and interleukin 1β(IL-1β)were detected,and the ovarian follicle number and spleen index were measured.[Results]After irradiation,the number of peripheral blood cells decreased,especially the number of white blood cells(P<0.05),the content of hemoglobin increased(P<0.05),the level of E 2 decreased,the number of mature follicles decreased,the spleen index decreased,and the expression level of IL-1βincreased.After the intervention of Zuogui Pill,the serum E 2 level,number of mature follicles and spleen index increased,while the serum IL-1β,FSH and LH levels decreased,especially in the high dose Zuogui Pill group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Zuogui Pill can promote the repair of ovarian function in rats with radiation injury,which may be related to the promotion of bone marrow hematopoiesis and the improvement of immune function,reflecting the theory of"kidney governing blood vessels".展开更多
Laser wakefield accelerators(LWFAs)offer acceleration gradients up to 1000 times higher than those of conventional radio-frequency accelerators,offering a pathway to significantly more compact and cost-effective accel...Laser wakefield accelerators(LWFAs)offer acceleration gradients up to 1000 times higher than those of conventional radio-frequency accelerators,offering a pathway to significantly more compact and cost-effective accelerator systems.This breakthrough opens up new possibilities for laboratory-scale light sources.All-optical inverse Compton scattering(AOCS)sources driven by LWFAs produce high-brightness,quasimonochromatic X rays with micrometer-scale source sizes,delivering the spatial coherence and resolution required for X-ray phase-contrast imaging(XPCI).These features position AOCS X-ray sources as promising tools for applications in biology,medicine,physics,and materials science.However,previous AOCS-based imaging studies have primarily focused on X-ray absorption imaging.In this work,we report successful experimental demonstrations of edge-enhanced in-line XPCI using energy-tunable,quasi-monochromatic AOCS X rays.With a spatial resolution of~20μm,our results clearly show the potential of high-resolution,AOCS-based XPCI applications.展开更多
Low-frequency signals have been proven valuable in the fields of target detection and geological exploration.Nevertheless,the practical implementation of these signals is hindered by large antenna diameters,limiting t...Low-frequency signals have been proven valuable in the fields of target detection and geological exploration.Nevertheless,the practical implementation of these signals is hindered by large antenna diameters,limiting their potential applications.Therefore,it is imperative to study the creation of lowfrequency signals using antennas with suitable dimensions.In contrast to conventional mechanical antenna techniques,our study generates low-frequency signals in the spatial domain utilizing the principle of the Doppler effect.We also defines the antenna array architecture,the timing sequency,and the radiating element signal waveform,and provides experimental prototypes including 8/64 antennas based on earlier research.In the conducted experiments,121 MHz,40 MHz,and 10 kHz composite signals are generated by 156 MHz radiating element signals.The composite signal spectrum matches the simulations,proving our low-frequency signal generating method works.This holds significant implications for research on generating low-frequency signals with small-sized antennas.展开更多
Herein,3‑aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES)was used to modify F‑containing silica slag(SS)by simple grafting and served as a multifunctional barrier layer.The amino group(—NH2)in the amino‑modified SS(NH2‑SS)forms lig...Herein,3‑aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES)was used to modify F‑containing silica slag(SS)by simple grafting and served as a multifunctional barrier layer.The amino group(—NH2)in the amino‑modified SS(NH2‑SS)forms ligand bonds or hydrogen bonds with sulfur ions in lithium polysulfides(LiPSs),thus inhibiting the shuttle effect.Electrochemical analyses demonstrated that lithium‑sulfur(Li‑S)batteries employing the NH2‑SS interlayer exhibited discharge specific capacities of 1048 and 789 mAh·g^(-1) at 0.2C and 2C,respectively,and even at 4C,the initial discharge specific capacity remained at 590 mAh·g^(-1),outperforming the Li‑S battery with unmodified SS as the interlayer.展开更多
We investigate the relationship between the magnitudes of Forbush decreases(FDs)and solar-geomagnetic characteristics using daily-averaged galactic cosmic ray(GCR)data from Inuvick(INVK)and Magadan(MGDN)neutron monito...We investigate the relationship between the magnitudes of Forbush decreases(FDs)and solar-geomagnetic characteristics using daily-averaged galactic cosmic ray(GCR)data from Inuvick(INVK)and Magadan(MGDN)neutron monitor(NM)stations to aid in counting the case of GCR flux intensity modulation.The FDs,obtained with an automated new computer software algorithm from daily-averaged GCR data from the IZMIRAN common website:http://cr0.izmiran.ru/common,at INVK(224)and MGDN(229)NM stations,from 1998 to 2002,were used in the present work.The associated solar-geomagnetic parameters of the same time range were obtained from the OMNI website.A statistical analytical method was employed to test the link between FD amplitudes and solargeomagnetic variables.We observed negative trends in FD-IMF,FD-SWS,FD-Kp,FD-SSN and FD-SI,while a positive relation was indicated in FD-Dst at both stations.All are statistically significant at a 95%confidence level.The results obtained here imply that solar emission characteristics impact the GCR flux intensity modulation.展开更多
This study compared the control effect of 110 g/L etoxazole SC,15%abamectin·etoxazole SC,30%cyetpyrafen SC,43%bifenazate SC and 1.8%abamectin EC five acaricides sprayed by unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)on Panonychu...This study compared the control effect of 110 g/L etoxazole SC,15%abamectin·etoxazole SC,30%cyetpyrafen SC,43%bifenazate SC and 1.8%abamectin EC five acaricides sprayed by unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)on Panonychus citri,aiming to screen out the appropriate acaricide for the control of this pest by UAV spraying.The results showed that 15%abamectin·etoxazole SC and 30%cyetpyrafen SC had the highest control efficacy,which remained above 90%14 d after application.Secondary performance was observed in 43%bifenazate SC and 110 g/L etoxazole SC,which demonstrated enhancing control effect.However,1.8%abamectin EC showed slower effect.Considering the control effect and population reduction rate of P.citri,15%abamectin·etoxazole SC and 30%cyetpyrafen SC were suggested as the effective acaricides for the control of this pest.展开更多
The in-flight heating process of cerium dioxide(CeO_(2))powders was investigated through experiments and numerical simulations.In the experiment,CeO_(2)powder(average size of 30μm)was injected into radio-frequency(RF...The in-flight heating process of cerium dioxide(CeO_(2))powders was investigated through experiments and numerical simulations.In the experiment,CeO_(2)powder(average size of 30μm)was injected into radio-frequency(RF)argon plasma,and the temperatures were measured using a DPV-2000 monitor.A model combining the electromagnetism,thermal flow,and heat transfer characteristics of powder during in-flight heating in argon plasma was proposed.The melting processes of CeO_(2)powders of different diameters,with and without thermal resistance effect,were investigated.Results show that the heating process of CeO_(2)powder particles consists of three main stages,one of which is relevant to a dimensionless parameter known as the Biot number.When the Biot value≥0.1,thermal resistance increases significantly,especially for the larger powders.The predicted temperature of the particles at the outlet(1800–2880 K)is in good agreement with the experimental result.展开更多
Agglomeration supports the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry,and its associated resource and environmental effects play a crucial role in driving green economic development.Based on data from pref...Agglomeration supports the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry,and its associated resource and environmental effects play a crucial role in driving green economic development.Based on data from prefecture-level cities in China from 2005 to 2019,this study employs the inverse distance weighting method,the bivariate local indicator of spatial association model,the spatial Durbin model,and other techniques to explore the relationship between manufacturing agglomeration and PM_(2.5)concentrations,and to assess the impact of its manufacturing agglomeration.Four correlation patterns are observed:high-high,low-low,high-low,and low-high.Among these,high-high and low-low patterns dominate in terms of number of cities.These correlation patterns demonstrate strong temporal stability,with a clear“Matthew effect”.The effect of manufacturing agglomeration on PM_(2.5)levels is significantly negative and helps reduce concentrations regionally,indicating the need to further enhance agglomeration levels regionally.However,it can increase PM_(2.5)levels in neighboring areas due to a siphon effect,and the impact of varies across regions.Compared with levels in 2005-2013,the significance of the relationship between manufacturing agglomeration and PM_(2.5)weakened in the 2013-2019 period.Accordingly,this study proposes countermeasures and policy recommendations aimed at strengthening regional collaborative governance and inspiring differentiated agglomeration strategies to support sustainable economic development in China.展开更多
Chitosan(CTS)was grafted onto the surface of amino‑functionalized silver chloride silicon dioxide(AgCl@SiO_(2)‑NH_(2))cores to obtain AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS hybrid nanoparticles.The as‑obtained AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS nanoparticle...Chitosan(CTS)was grafted onto the surface of amino‑functionalized silver chloride silicon dioxide(AgCl@SiO_(2)‑NH_(2))cores to obtain AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS hybrid nanoparticles.The as‑obtained AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS nanoparticles were chlorinated by NaClO solution to get AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑based chloramine nano‑hybrid materials,denoted as AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.A transmission electron microscope was used to observe the morphology of the as‑prepared samples AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS and AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.At the same time,an X‑ray diffractometer and an infrared spectroscope were utilized to characterize their crystal and chemical structures.Besides,ζpotentials were measured to elucidate the surface modification of AgCl nanoparticles by—NH_(2),the antibacterial mechanism of AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl was investigated by scanning electron microscopy,and Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)were used as the to‑be‑tested strains to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of samples AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS and AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.Findings demonstrate that sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS exhibits a chain‑like structure ascribed to the interaction between—NH_(2),and each AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS hybrid nanoparticle contains several AgCl cores.In the meantime,sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl exhibits excellent antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus,which is attributed to the synergistic antibacterial effect of Ag^(+)and Cl^(-).Sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl with a dosage of 640.00μg·mL^(-1) could completely kill the two kinds of tested bacteria in 12 h of incubation;it retains a high antibacterial efficiency even after 10 cycles of antibacterial tests.展开更多
Rechargeable Zn/Sn-air batteries have received considerable attention as promising energy storage devices.However,the electrochemical performance of these batteries is significantly constrained by the sluggish electro...Rechargeable Zn/Sn-air batteries have received considerable attention as promising energy storage devices.However,the electrochemical performance of these batteries is significantly constrained by the sluggish electrocatalytic reaction kinetics at the cathode.The integration of light energy into Zn/Sn-air batteries is a promising strategy for enhancing their performance.However,the photothermal and photoelectric effects generate heat in the battery under prolonged solar irradiation,leading to air cathode instability.This paper presents the first design and synthesis of Ni_(2)-1,5-diamino-4,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone(Ni_(2)DDA),an electronically conductiveπ-d conjugated metal-organic framework(MOF).Ni_(2)DDA exhibits both photoelectric and photothermal effects,with an optical band gap of~1.14 eV.Under illumination,Ni_(2)DDA achieves excellent oxygen evolution reaction performance(with an overpotential of 245 mV vs.reversible hydrogen electrode at 10 mA cm^(−2))and photothermal stability.These properties result from the synergy between the photoelectric and photothermal effects of Ni_(2)DDA.Upon integration into Zn/Sn-air batteries,Ni_(2)DDA ensures excellent cycling stability under light and exhibits remarkable performance in high-temperature environments up to 80℃.This study experimentally confirms the stable operation of photo-assisted Zn/Sn-air batteries under high-temperature conditions for the first time and provides novel insights into the application of electronically conductive MOFs in photoelectrocatalysis and photothermal catalysis.展开更多
The efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of glycerol(GLY)is one of the most promising routes for the valorization of GLY.Doping has emerged as a powerful strategy to tailor the electrocatalytic performance of silver n...The efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of glycerol(GLY)is one of the most promising routes for the valorization of GLY.Doping has emerged as a powerful strategy to tailor the electrocatalytic performance of silver nanoclusters(Ag NCs),yet the effects of doping mode(surface vs.core)and the interface environment(e.g.,electrolyte concentration)on the electrocatalytic performance for Ag NCs toward GLY oxidation remain understood.In this work,surface-doped Ag_(4)M_(2)(SR)_(8) and core-doped Ag_(24)M(SR)_(18)(M=Ni,Pd,Pt;SR=SPhMe_(2))NCs were synthesized for electrocatalytic GLY oxidation.The results revealed a strong dependence of selectivity on doping mode and electrolyte concentration:under low KOH concentration,Pd-and Pt-doped Ag_(4)M_(2) NCs exhibited 100%selectivity toward oxalic acid(OA),whereas Pd-and Pt-doped Ag_(24)M NCs delivered>95%selectivity for formic acid(FA).In contrast,under high KOH concentration,Pd-and Pt-doped Ag_(4)M_(2) NCs gave rise to>80%FA,while Pd-and Pt-doped Ag_(24)M NCs produced>45%FA.Mechanism studies indicated that Ni doping predominantly enhanced catalytic activity via lowering the activation barrier of the initial reaction step(GLY→glyceraldehyde),whereas Pd and Pt doping modulated selectivity through reducing the energy barrier of the selective branch step(glyceric acid→OA,OA→FA).High KOH concentration promoted the oxidation by increasing the electrochemical active surface area and facilitating electron transfer of Ag NCs.This study provides clear guidance for designing high-performance Ag-based electrocatalysts for biomass valorization.展开更多
The UV-2600 ultraviolet(UV)spectrophotometer and the UV sunscreen index analyzer SolarLight Model 601 were used to test the UV absorption capacity and the UV damage alleviating effect of commonly used raw materials,an...The UV-2600 ultraviolet(UV)spectrophotometer and the UV sunscreen index analyzer SolarLight Model 601 were used to test the UV absorption capacity and the UV damage alleviating effect of commonly used raw materials,and the Hen’s Egg Test-Chorioallantoic Membrane were also processed to assess the mildness.As a result,bisabolol,pongamia pinnata seed extract,pterocarpus marsupium bark extract and other materials were screened as the effective and gentle sunscreen synergistic ingredients.展开更多
The dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa(Oleaceae),also known as Forsythia,is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb known for its heat-clearing and detoxifying properties.It is used to disperse nodules,reduce swelling,rem...The dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa(Oleaceae),also known as Forsythia,is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb known for its heat-clearing and detoxifying properties.It is used to disperse nodules,reduce swelling,remove toxins,clear heat,and alleviate wind-heat syndromes.It also has hepatoprotective,anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antibacterial,anticancer,antioxidant,antiaging,and anti-obesity effects,as well as potential therapeutic effects on Alzheimer’s disease and diabetic nephropathy.It is used to treat scrofula,mastitis,wind-heat common cold,and other ailments.The review summarizes the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of F.suspensa,aiming to provide a scientific foundation for its future development,research,and clinical utilization.展开更多
Beam-tracking simulations have been extensively utilized in the study of collective beam instabilities in circular accelerators.Traditionally,many simulation codes have relied on central processing unit(CPU)-based met...Beam-tracking simulations have been extensively utilized in the study of collective beam instabilities in circular accelerators.Traditionally,many simulation codes have relied on central processing unit(CPU)-based methods,tracking on a single CPU core,or parallelizing the computation across multiple cores via the message passing interface(MPI).Although these approaches work well for single-bunch tracking,scaling them to multiple bunches significantly increases the computational load,which often necessitates the use of a dedicated multi-CPU cluster.To address this challenge,alternative methods leveraging General-Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units(GPGPU)have been proposed,enabling tracking studies on a standalone desktop personal computer(PC).However,frequent CPU-GPU interactions,including data transfers and synchronization operations during tracking,can introduce communication overheads,potentially reducing the overall effectiveness of GPU-based computations.In this study,we propose a novel approach that eliminates this overhead by performing the entire tracking simulation process exclusively on the GPU,thereby enabling the simultaneous processing of all bunches and their macro-particles.Specifically,we introduce MBTRACK2-CUDA,a Compute Unified Device Architecture(CUDA)ported version of MBTRACK2,which facilitates efficient tracking of single-and multi-bunch collective effects by leveraging the full GPU-resident computation.展开更多
The Zeeman effect,a fundamental quantum phenomenon,demonstrates the interaction between magnetic fields and atomic systems.While precise spectroscopic measurements of this effect have advanced significantly,there rema...The Zeeman effect,a fundamental quantum phenomenon,demonstrates the interaction between magnetic fields and atomic systems.While precise spectroscopic measurements of this effect have advanced significantly,there remains a lack of simple,visually accessible demonstration for educational purposes.Here,we present a low-cost experiment that allows for direct visual observation of the Zeeman effect.Our setup involves a flame containing sodium(from table salt)placed in front of a sodium vapor lamp.When a magnetic field is applied to the flame,the shadow cast by the flame noticeably lightens,providing a clear,naked-eye demonstration of the Zeeman effect.Furthermore,we conduct two quantitative experiments using this setup,examining the effects of varying magnetic field strength and sodium concentration.This innovative approach not only enriches the experimental demonstration for teaching atomic physics at undergraduate and high school levels but also provides an open platform for students to explore the Zeeman effect through hands-on experience.展开更多
Kagome magnets are of growing interest due to their topological electronic structures and unconventional magnetic behavior.Here,we report on the anomalous Hall effect(AHE)in the kagome ferromagnet MgMn_(6)Sn_(6),which...Kagome magnets are of growing interest due to their topological electronic structures and unconventional magnetic behavior.Here,we report on the anomalous Hall effect(AHE)in the kagome ferromagnet MgMn_(6)Sn_(6),which has a Curie temperature of~290 K and an in-plane easy magnetization axis.Magnetotransport measurements show a positive magnetoresistance(MR)below 50 K,which becomes negative at higher temperatures.An intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity of 114 S·cm^(-1)is observed in MgMn_(6)Sn_(6) single crystals,consistent with ab initio calculations.Moreover,theoretical predictions indicate that shifting the Fermi level(EF)upward by~70 meV could enhance the AHE to~528 S·cm^(-1).These results position MgMn_(6)Sn_(6) as a promising and tunable platform for exploring topological magnetism and related electronic phenomena.展开更多
Preferential magnesium(Mg)electrodeposition on separators is a ubiquitous yet poorly understood phenomenon in rechargeable Mg-metal batteries,posing a fundamental challenge to their development.In this work,the synerg...Preferential magnesium(Mg)electrodeposition on separators is a ubiquitous yet poorly understood phenomenon in rechargeable Mg-metal batteries,posing a fundamental challenge to their development.In this work,the synergy effects of interface-accelerating desolvation and spatial confinement have been demonstrated as the essential causation of this counterintuitive experimental phenomenon.At the molecular level,the imide ring(-CO-NR-CO-,in which R represents the phenyl)groups in an artificially introduced polyimide(PI)interlayer facilitate the strong electrostatic affinity towards Mg^(2+),which accelerates the desolvation process for Mg^(2+)solvation structures at the inner Helmholtz plane.At the nucleation scale,the wedge-like concave geometry formed at the PI/current collector interface provides energetically favorable sites for Mg nucleation.This unique architecture reduces the critical nucleus size,thereby significantly lowering nucleation energy barriers.As a result,the satisfactory Coulombic efficiency for Mg plating/stripping(98.22%)and cycle lifespan(1200 cycles,above 100 days)have been achieved,outperforming most of the previous results.This work pioneers a molecular-level understanding of separator-directed Mg deposition and resolves a long-standing confusion in Mg-metal batteries.展开更多
Fe_(3)Sn_(2),a ferromagnetic metal with a kagome lattice,serves as an ideal platform for exploring topological electronic states and Berry curvature due to its unique band structure.However,systematic reports on the t...Fe_(3)Sn_(2),a ferromagnetic metal with a kagome lattice,serves as an ideal platform for exploring topological electronic states and Berry curvature due to its unique band structure.However,systematic reports on the transport properties of Fe_(3)Sn_(2)nanosheets remain scarce.We present temperature-dependent transport property measurements of Fe_(3)Sn_(2)nanosheets synthesized via chemical vapor deposition on Si/SiO_(2)substrates.The samples exhibit a robust anomalous Hall effect from 40 K to 300 K,along with a magnetoresistance sign reversal at 40 K at high magnetic fields,indicating a spin reorientation from in-plane to out-of-plane.Notably,a sharp crossover in the dominant transport contribution from electrons to holes near 200 K is observed,accompanied by distinct anomalous Hall behaviors in the two regimes,indicating a temperature-induced Lifshitz transition within the multi-band system.This divergence is potentially linked to a topological reconstruction of the Fermi surface across the transition.Our findings highlight the tunability of topological transport in two-dimensional kagome magnets and provide new insights into the interplay between band topology,dimensionality and magnetic order.展开更多
基金supported by Science Challenge Project Nos.TZ2025013,TZ2018005,and TZ2018001the National Nature Science Foundation(NSFC)of China under Grant Nos.12335015,12375238,and 12374261National Safety Academic Fund(NSAF)Grant No.U2430206.
文摘Low-density non–local-thermodynamic-equilibrium plasmas in intense radiation fields occur widely in inertial confinement fusion and astrophysics. Understanding the X-ray spectrum and the atomic kinetics of such plasmas is therefore of great importance. However, the creation of uniform-density nonequilibrium plasmas in intense radiation fields in the laboratory and the measurement of their spectra with high resolution are challenging tasks. Here, we present a new method to produce such a uniform aluminum plasma and explore photon-induced kinetics and relevant atomic physics by measuring its spectrum. It is observed that in the presence of an external radiation field, the satellites q, r and a–d of the He-α resonance line are greatly enhanced compared with the satellites j, k, l. Analysis of atomic kinetics reveals that this effect of intense radiation is due to competition between the photoexcitation and autoionization processes. With this effect taken into account,simulated spectra are able to reproduce the measured spectra quite well.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Commission Foundation of the Central Military Commission(Grant No.2023-JCJQ-JJ-1008)。
文摘To address the challenge of achieving stable in-phase coherent optical field in high-power laser arrays,we propose a novel dual Talbot diffraction coupling method that combines the on-chip self-injection effect with a mixed-resonant cavity diode laser array(MDLA).The designed MDLA incorporates two types of resonant cavities and an integrated external fractional Talbot cavity to compensate for in-phase mode phase delays.Numerical simulations demonstrate that the nearfield optical pattern can be self-imaged via self-organized phase-locking,while the far-field optical pattern of in-phase mode can be coherently enhanced and modulated to exhibit a single-lobe pattern successfully.Furthermore,this method could inherently provide strong optical coupling and overcome the limited scalability of the weakly-coupled laser arrays.Ultimately,by leveraging self-organized phase-locking and Talbot-induced mode discrimination,our approach offers a robust platform for realizing high-power coherent laser sources with scalable integration potential.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81760806&82360877)Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(24JRRA1027)Gansu Provincial Higher Education Innovation Ability Improvement Project of Gansu Provincial Department of Education(2022A-076).
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the effects of Zuogui Pill on peripheral blood cells,sex hormone levels,interleukin 1β(IL-1β)levels,ovarian follicle number and spleen index in SD rats damaged by ^(60)Coγrays.[Methods]Fifty 8-week-old female SPF SD rats were selected,10 of which were in the normal group and were fed routinely without irradiation;the other 40 rats were irradiated with ^(60)Coγrays(6.0 Gy,LD 40)for 24 h,and then divided into radiation model group,Progynova group,high and low dose of Zuogui Pill groups.Progynova group was treated with 0.09 mg Progynova;high dose Zuogui Pill group was treated with 4.725 g Zuogui Pill crude drug and low dose Zuogui Pill group was treated with 0.945 g Zuogui Pill crude drug;radiation group was treated with 2 mL normal saline by gavage once a day for 21 d.The changes of peripheral blood cells in different time periods were detected;the follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)and estradiol(E 2)in peripheral blood serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The expression levels of E 2,luteinizing hormone(LH)and interleukin 1β(IL-1β)were detected,and the ovarian follicle number and spleen index were measured.[Results]After irradiation,the number of peripheral blood cells decreased,especially the number of white blood cells(P<0.05),the content of hemoglobin increased(P<0.05),the level of E 2 decreased,the number of mature follicles decreased,the spleen index decreased,and the expression level of IL-1βincreased.After the intervention of Zuogui Pill,the serum E 2 level,number of mature follicles and spleen index increased,while the serum IL-1β,FSH and LH levels decreased,especially in the high dose Zuogui Pill group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Zuogui Pill can promote the repair of ovarian function in rats with radiation injury,which may be related to the promotion of bone marrow hematopoiesis and the improvement of immune function,reflecting the theory of"kidney governing blood vessels".
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0530000)the Discipline Construction Foundation of“Double World-class Project”.
文摘Laser wakefield accelerators(LWFAs)offer acceleration gradients up to 1000 times higher than those of conventional radio-frequency accelerators,offering a pathway to significantly more compact and cost-effective accelerator systems.This breakthrough opens up new possibilities for laboratory-scale light sources.All-optical inverse Compton scattering(AOCS)sources driven by LWFAs produce high-brightness,quasimonochromatic X rays with micrometer-scale source sizes,delivering the spatial coherence and resolution required for X-ray phase-contrast imaging(XPCI).These features position AOCS X-ray sources as promising tools for applications in biology,medicine,physics,and materials science.However,previous AOCS-based imaging studies have primarily focused on X-ray absorption imaging.In this work,we report successful experimental demonstrations of edge-enhanced in-line XPCI using energy-tunable,quasi-monochromatic AOCS X rays.With a spatial resolution of~20μm,our results clearly show the potential of high-resolution,AOCS-based XPCI applications.
基金Science and Technology Project of Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y910340Z2F)Science and Technology Project of BBEF(E3E2010201)。
文摘Low-frequency signals have been proven valuable in the fields of target detection and geological exploration.Nevertheless,the practical implementation of these signals is hindered by large antenna diameters,limiting their potential applications.Therefore,it is imperative to study the creation of lowfrequency signals using antennas with suitable dimensions.In contrast to conventional mechanical antenna techniques,our study generates low-frequency signals in the spatial domain utilizing the principle of the Doppler effect.We also defines the antenna array architecture,the timing sequency,and the radiating element signal waveform,and provides experimental prototypes including 8/64 antennas based on earlier research.In the conducted experiments,121 MHz,40 MHz,and 10 kHz composite signals are generated by 156 MHz radiating element signals.The composite signal spectrum matches the simulations,proving our low-frequency signal generating method works.This holds significant implications for research on generating low-frequency signals with small-sized antennas.
文摘Herein,3‑aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES)was used to modify F‑containing silica slag(SS)by simple grafting and served as a multifunctional barrier layer.The amino group(—NH2)in the amino‑modified SS(NH2‑SS)forms ligand bonds or hydrogen bonds with sulfur ions in lithium polysulfides(LiPSs),thus inhibiting the shuttle effect.Electrochemical analyses demonstrated that lithium‑sulfur(Li‑S)batteries employing the NH2‑SS interlayer exhibited discharge specific capacities of 1048 and 789 mAh·g^(-1) at 0.2C and 2C,respectively,and even at 4C,the initial discharge specific capacity remained at 590 mAh·g^(-1),outperforming the Li‑S battery with unmodified SS as the interlayer.
文摘We investigate the relationship between the magnitudes of Forbush decreases(FDs)and solar-geomagnetic characteristics using daily-averaged galactic cosmic ray(GCR)data from Inuvick(INVK)and Magadan(MGDN)neutron monitor(NM)stations to aid in counting the case of GCR flux intensity modulation.The FDs,obtained with an automated new computer software algorithm from daily-averaged GCR data from the IZMIRAN common website:http://cr0.izmiran.ru/common,at INVK(224)and MGDN(229)NM stations,from 1998 to 2002,were used in the present work.The associated solar-geomagnetic parameters of the same time range were obtained from the OMNI website.A statistical analytical method was employed to test the link between FD amplitudes and solargeomagnetic variables.We observed negative trends in FD-IMF,FD-SWS,FD-Kp,FD-SSN and FD-SI,while a positive relation was indicated in FD-Dst at both stations.All are statistically significant at a 95%confidence level.The results obtained here imply that solar emission characteristics impact the GCR flux intensity modulation.
文摘This study compared the control effect of 110 g/L etoxazole SC,15%abamectin·etoxazole SC,30%cyetpyrafen SC,43%bifenazate SC and 1.8%abamectin EC five acaricides sprayed by unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)on Panonychus citri,aiming to screen out the appropriate acaricide for the control of this pest by UAV spraying.The results showed that 15%abamectin·etoxazole SC and 30%cyetpyrafen SC had the highest control efficacy,which remained above 90%14 d after application.Secondary performance was observed in 43%bifenazate SC and 110 g/L etoxazole SC,which demonstrated enhancing control effect.However,1.8%abamectin EC showed slower effect.Considering the control effect and population reduction rate of P.citri,15%abamectin·etoxazole SC and 30%cyetpyrafen SC were suggested as the effective acaricides for the control of this pest.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(11875039)Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(2023-033)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202303021221071)China Baowu Low Carbon Metallurgical Innovation Foundation(2022)2023 Anhui Major Industrial Innovation Plan Project。
文摘The in-flight heating process of cerium dioxide(CeO_(2))powders was investigated through experiments and numerical simulations.In the experiment,CeO_(2)powder(average size of 30μm)was injected into radio-frequency(RF)argon plasma,and the temperatures were measured using a DPV-2000 monitor.A model combining the electromagnetism,thermal flow,and heat transfer characteristics of powder during in-flight heating in argon plasma was proposed.The melting processes of CeO_(2)powders of different diameters,with and without thermal resistance effect,were investigated.Results show that the heating process of CeO_(2)powder particles consists of three main stages,one of which is relevant to a dimensionless parameter known as the Biot number.When the Biot value≥0.1,thermal resistance increases significantly,especially for the larger powders.The predicted temperature of the particles at the outlet(1800–2880 K)is in good agreement with the experimental result.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China“Research on the Multi-scale Regional Industrial Spatial Evolution Mechanism,Resource and Environmental Effects,and Green Transformation in the Yellow River Basin”[Grant No.42371194]Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province[Grant Nos.tsqn202408148 and tstp20240821].
文摘Agglomeration supports the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry,and its associated resource and environmental effects play a crucial role in driving green economic development.Based on data from prefecture-level cities in China from 2005 to 2019,this study employs the inverse distance weighting method,the bivariate local indicator of spatial association model,the spatial Durbin model,and other techniques to explore the relationship between manufacturing agglomeration and PM_(2.5)concentrations,and to assess the impact of its manufacturing agglomeration.Four correlation patterns are observed:high-high,low-low,high-low,and low-high.Among these,high-high and low-low patterns dominate in terms of number of cities.These correlation patterns demonstrate strong temporal stability,with a clear“Matthew effect”.The effect of manufacturing agglomeration on PM_(2.5)levels is significantly negative and helps reduce concentrations regionally,indicating the need to further enhance agglomeration levels regionally.However,it can increase PM_(2.5)levels in neighboring areas due to a siphon effect,and the impact of varies across regions.Compared with levels in 2005-2013,the significance of the relationship between manufacturing agglomeration and PM_(2.5)weakened in the 2013-2019 period.Accordingly,this study proposes countermeasures and policy recommendations aimed at strengthening regional collaborative governance and inspiring differentiated agglomeration strategies to support sustainable economic development in China.
文摘Chitosan(CTS)was grafted onto the surface of amino‑functionalized silver chloride silicon dioxide(AgCl@SiO_(2)‑NH_(2))cores to obtain AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS hybrid nanoparticles.The as‑obtained AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS nanoparticles were chlorinated by NaClO solution to get AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑based chloramine nano‑hybrid materials,denoted as AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.A transmission electron microscope was used to observe the morphology of the as‑prepared samples AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS and AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.At the same time,an X‑ray diffractometer and an infrared spectroscope were utilized to characterize their crystal and chemical structures.Besides,ζpotentials were measured to elucidate the surface modification of AgCl nanoparticles by—NH_(2),the antibacterial mechanism of AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl was investigated by scanning electron microscopy,and Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)were used as the to‑be‑tested strains to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of samples AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS and AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.Findings demonstrate that sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS exhibits a chain‑like structure ascribed to the interaction between—NH_(2),and each AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS hybrid nanoparticle contains several AgCl cores.In the meantime,sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl exhibits excellent antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus,which is attributed to the synergistic antibacterial effect of Ag^(+)and Cl^(-).Sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl with a dosage of 640.00μg·mL^(-1) could completely kill the two kinds of tested bacteria in 12 h of incubation;it retains a high antibacterial efficiency even after 10 cycles of antibacterial tests.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62464010)Spring City Plan-Special Program for Young Talents(K202005007)+2 种基金Yunnan Talents Support Plan for Young Talents(XDYC-QNRC-2022-0482)Yunnan Local Colleges Applied Basic Research Projects(202101BA070001-138)Frontier Research Team of Kunming University 2023.
文摘Rechargeable Zn/Sn-air batteries have received considerable attention as promising energy storage devices.However,the electrochemical performance of these batteries is significantly constrained by the sluggish electrocatalytic reaction kinetics at the cathode.The integration of light energy into Zn/Sn-air batteries is a promising strategy for enhancing their performance.However,the photothermal and photoelectric effects generate heat in the battery under prolonged solar irradiation,leading to air cathode instability.This paper presents the first design and synthesis of Ni_(2)-1,5-diamino-4,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone(Ni_(2)DDA),an electronically conductiveπ-d conjugated metal-organic framework(MOF).Ni_(2)DDA exhibits both photoelectric and photothermal effects,with an optical band gap of~1.14 eV.Under illumination,Ni_(2)DDA achieves excellent oxygen evolution reaction performance(with an overpotential of 245 mV vs.reversible hydrogen electrode at 10 mA cm^(−2))and photothermal stability.These properties result from the synergy between the photoelectric and photothermal effects of Ni_(2)DDA.Upon integration into Zn/Sn-air batteries,Ni_(2)DDA ensures excellent cycling stability under light and exhibits remarkable performance in high-temperature environments up to 80℃.This study experimentally confirms the stable operation of photo-assisted Zn/Sn-air batteries under high-temperature conditions for the first time and provides novel insights into the application of electronically conductive MOFs in photoelectrocatalysis and photothermal catalysis.
基金support from the Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation of China(BK20230329)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22401147,22361132540,and 22178161)the Russian Science Foundation(23-73-30007).
文摘The efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of glycerol(GLY)is one of the most promising routes for the valorization of GLY.Doping has emerged as a powerful strategy to tailor the electrocatalytic performance of silver nanoclusters(Ag NCs),yet the effects of doping mode(surface vs.core)and the interface environment(e.g.,electrolyte concentration)on the electrocatalytic performance for Ag NCs toward GLY oxidation remain understood.In this work,surface-doped Ag_(4)M_(2)(SR)_(8) and core-doped Ag_(24)M(SR)_(18)(M=Ni,Pd,Pt;SR=SPhMe_(2))NCs were synthesized for electrocatalytic GLY oxidation.The results revealed a strong dependence of selectivity on doping mode and electrolyte concentration:under low KOH concentration,Pd-and Pt-doped Ag_(4)M_(2) NCs exhibited 100%selectivity toward oxalic acid(OA),whereas Pd-and Pt-doped Ag_(24)M NCs delivered>95%selectivity for formic acid(FA).In contrast,under high KOH concentration,Pd-and Pt-doped Ag_(4)M_(2) NCs gave rise to>80%FA,while Pd-and Pt-doped Ag_(24)M NCs produced>45%FA.Mechanism studies indicated that Ni doping predominantly enhanced catalytic activity via lowering the activation barrier of the initial reaction step(GLY→glyceraldehyde),whereas Pd and Pt doping modulated selectivity through reducing the energy barrier of the selective branch step(glyceric acid→OA,OA→FA).High KOH concentration promoted the oxidation by increasing the electrochemical active surface area and facilitating electron transfer of Ag NCs.This study provides clear guidance for designing high-performance Ag-based electrocatalysts for biomass valorization.
文摘The UV-2600 ultraviolet(UV)spectrophotometer and the UV sunscreen index analyzer SolarLight Model 601 were used to test the UV absorption capacity and the UV damage alleviating effect of commonly used raw materials,and the Hen’s Egg Test-Chorioallantoic Membrane were also processed to assess the mildness.As a result,bisabolol,pongamia pinnata seed extract,pterocarpus marsupium bark extract and other materials were screened as the effective and gentle sunscreen synergistic ingredients.
文摘The dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa(Oleaceae),also known as Forsythia,is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb known for its heat-clearing and detoxifying properties.It is used to disperse nodules,reduce swelling,remove toxins,clear heat,and alleviate wind-heat syndromes.It also has hepatoprotective,anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antibacterial,anticancer,antioxidant,antiaging,and anti-obesity effects,as well as potential therapeutic effects on Alzheimer’s disease and diabetic nephropathy.It is used to treat scrofula,mastitis,wind-heat common cold,and other ailments.The review summarizes the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of F.suspensa,aiming to provide a scientific foundation for its future development,research,and clinical utilization.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)(No.RS-2022-00143178)the Ministry of Education(MOE)(Nos.2022R1A6A3A13053896 and 2022R1F1A1074616),Republic of Korea.
文摘Beam-tracking simulations have been extensively utilized in the study of collective beam instabilities in circular accelerators.Traditionally,many simulation codes have relied on central processing unit(CPU)-based methods,tracking on a single CPU core,or parallelizing the computation across multiple cores via the message passing interface(MPI).Although these approaches work well for single-bunch tracking,scaling them to multiple bunches significantly increases the computational load,which often necessitates the use of a dedicated multi-CPU cluster.To address this challenge,alternative methods leveraging General-Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units(GPGPU)have been proposed,enabling tracking studies on a standalone desktop personal computer(PC).However,frequent CPU-GPU interactions,including data transfers and synchronization operations during tracking,can introduce communication overheads,potentially reducing the overall effectiveness of GPU-based computations.In this study,we propose a novel approach that eliminates this overhead by performing the entire tracking simulation process exclusively on the GPU,thereby enabling the simultaneous processing of all bunches and their macro-particles.Specifically,we introduce MBTRACK2-CUDA,a Compute Unified Device Architecture(CUDA)ported version of MBTRACK2,which facilitates efficient tracking of single-and multi-bunch collective effects by leveraging the full GPU-resident computation.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China for support under grant No.12305037the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under grant No.2023NTST017。
文摘The Zeeman effect,a fundamental quantum phenomenon,demonstrates the interaction between magnetic fields and atomic systems.While precise spectroscopic measurements of this effect have advanced significantly,there remains a lack of simple,visually accessible demonstration for educational purposes.Here,we present a low-cost experiment that allows for direct visual observation of the Zeeman effect.Our setup involves a flame containing sodium(from table salt)placed in front of a sodium vapor lamp.When a magnetic field is applied to the flame,the shadow cast by the flame noticeably lightens,providing a clear,naked-eye demonstration of the Zeeman effect.Furthermore,we conduct two quantitative experiments using this setup,examining the effects of varying magnetic field strength and sodium concentration.This innovative approach not only enriches the experimental demonstration for teaching atomic physics at undergraduate and high school levels but also provides an open platform for students to explore the Zeeman effect through hands-on experience.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12204347)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1402600)the Fund from Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics(Grant No.2023BNLCMPKF011)。
文摘Kagome magnets are of growing interest due to their topological electronic structures and unconventional magnetic behavior.Here,we report on the anomalous Hall effect(AHE)in the kagome ferromagnet MgMn_(6)Sn_(6),which has a Curie temperature of~290 K and an in-plane easy magnetization axis.Magnetotransport measurements show a positive magnetoresistance(MR)below 50 K,which becomes negative at higher temperatures.An intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity of 114 S·cm^(-1)is observed in MgMn_(6)Sn_(6) single crystals,consistent with ab initio calculations.Moreover,theoretical predictions indicate that shifting the Fermi level(EF)upward by~70 meV could enhance the AHE to~528 S·cm^(-1).These results position MgMn_(6)Sn_(6) as a promising and tunable platform for exploring topological magnetism and related electronic phenomena.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279068,52374306)the Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province(tsqn202408202)the Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory Open Project(QNESL OP202312)。
文摘Preferential magnesium(Mg)electrodeposition on separators is a ubiquitous yet poorly understood phenomenon in rechargeable Mg-metal batteries,posing a fundamental challenge to their development.In this work,the synergy effects of interface-accelerating desolvation and spatial confinement have been demonstrated as the essential causation of this counterintuitive experimental phenomenon.At the molecular level,the imide ring(-CO-NR-CO-,in which R represents the phenyl)groups in an artificially introduced polyimide(PI)interlayer facilitate the strong electrostatic affinity towards Mg^(2+),which accelerates the desolvation process for Mg^(2+)solvation structures at the inner Helmholtz plane.At the nucleation scale,the wedge-like concave geometry formed at the PI/current collector interface provides energetically favorable sites for Mg nucleation.This unique architecture reduces the critical nucleus size,thereby significantly lowering nucleation energy barriers.As a result,the satisfactory Coulombic efficiency for Mg plating/stripping(98.22%)and cycle lifespan(1200 cycles,above 100 days)have been achieved,outperforming most of the previous results.This work pioneers a molecular-level understanding of separator-directed Mg deposition and resolves a long-standing confusion in Mg-metal batteries.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1403503,2022YFA1602802,2023YFA1607400,and 2024YFA1613200)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.JQ23022)supported by the Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility and the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0302600)。
文摘Fe_(3)Sn_(2),a ferromagnetic metal with a kagome lattice,serves as an ideal platform for exploring topological electronic states and Berry curvature due to its unique band structure.However,systematic reports on the transport properties of Fe_(3)Sn_(2)nanosheets remain scarce.We present temperature-dependent transport property measurements of Fe_(3)Sn_(2)nanosheets synthesized via chemical vapor deposition on Si/SiO_(2)substrates.The samples exhibit a robust anomalous Hall effect from 40 K to 300 K,along with a magnetoresistance sign reversal at 40 K at high magnetic fields,indicating a spin reorientation from in-plane to out-of-plane.Notably,a sharp crossover in the dominant transport contribution from electrons to holes near 200 K is observed,accompanied by distinct anomalous Hall behaviors in the two regimes,indicating a temperature-induced Lifshitz transition within the multi-band system.This divergence is potentially linked to a topological reconstruction of the Fermi surface across the transition.Our findings highlight the tunability of topological transport in two-dimensional kagome magnets and provide new insights into the interplay between band topology,dimensionality and magnetic order.
