Background The patient-reported Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale(DARS)has been adapted into Chinese,so there is a need to evaluate its measurement properties in a Chinese population.Aims To evaluate the reliability ...Background The patient-reported Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale(DARS)has been adapted into Chinese,so there is a need to evaluate its measurement properties in a Chinese population.Aims To evaluate the reliability and validity of the DARS among Chinese individuals with major depressive disorder(MDD)and its treatment sensitivity in a prospective clinical study.Methods Data were from a multicentre,prospective clinical study(NCT03294525),which recruited both patients with MDD,who were followed for 8 weeks,and healthy controls(HCs),assessed at baseline only.The analysis included confirmatory factor analysis,validity and sensitivity to change.Results Patients’mean(standard deviation(SD))age was 34.8(11.0)years,with 68.7%being female.75.2%of patients with MDD had melancholic features,followed by 63.8%with anxious distress.Patients had experienced MDD for a mean(SD)of 9.2(18)months.DARS scores covered the full range of severity with no major floor or ceiling effects.Confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate fit statistics(comparative fit index 0.976,goodness-of-fit index 0.935 and root mean square error of approximation 0.055).Convergent validity with anhedonia-related measures was confirmed.While the correlation between the DARS and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was not strong(r=0.31,baseline),the DARS was found to differentiate between levels of depression.Greater improvements in DARS scores were seen with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression responder group(effect size 1.16)compared with the non-responder group(effect size 0.46).Conclusions This study comprehensively evaluated the measurement properties of the DARS using a Chinese population with MDD.Overall,the Chinese version of DARS demonstrates good psychometric properties and has been found to be responsive to change during antidepressant treatment.The DARS is a suitable scale for assessing patient-reported anhedonia in future clinical trials.展开更多
ESG(Environmental,Social,and Governance)performance has emerged as a central metric in assessing corporate sustainability.Utilizing ESG rating data for A-share listed companies on the Shanghai Stock Exchange spanning ...ESG(Environmental,Social,and Governance)performance has emerged as a central metric in assessing corporate sustainability.Utilizing ESG rating data for A-share listed companies on the Shanghai Stock Exchange spanning from 2019 to 2022,coupled with measures of corporate transformation and upgrading,this study introduces green innovation as a mediating variable to dissect the impact of ESG ratings on corporate transformation and upgrading.The key findings of this research are as follows:(1)ESG ratings positively influence corporate transformation and upgrading,a conclusion that retains robustness after a comprehensive series of tests and discussions on endogeneity.(2)Mechanism analysis reveals that ESG ratings foster corporate transformation and upgrading by enhancing corporate green innovation.(3)In comparison with other industries,the influence of ESG ratings on corporate transformation and upgrading is notably more pronounced among heavily polluting industries among listed companies in China.Additionally,ESG ratings exhibit a more significant promotional effect on non-state-owned enterprises compared to state-owned enterprises.Larger enterprises play a more substantial role in transformation and upgrading than small and medium-sized enterprises.The promotional effect of ESG ratings is more evident in enterprises with poor information disclosure quality.Furthermore,as media attention increases,so does the impact of ESG ratings on corporate transformation.This study offers valuable policy insights from the ESG rating perspective,aiming to propel corporate transformation and upgrading,thereby contributing to economic high-quality and sustainable development.展开更多
With increasing density and heterogeneity in unlicensed wireless networks,traditional MAC protocols,such as Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance(CSMA/CA)in Wi-Fi networks,are experiencing performance...With increasing density and heterogeneity in unlicensed wireless networks,traditional MAC protocols,such as Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance(CSMA/CA)in Wi-Fi networks,are experiencing performance degradation.This is manifested in increased collisions and extended backoff times,leading to diminished spectrum efficiency and protocol coordination.Addressing these issues,this paper proposes a deep-learning-based MAC paradigm,dubbed DL-MAC,which leverages spectrum data readily available from energy detection modules in wireless devices to achieve the MAC functionalities of channel access,rate adaptation,and channel switch.First,we utilize DL-MAC to realize a joint design of channel access and rate adaptation.Subsequently,we integrate the capability of channel switching into DL-MAC,enhancing its functionality from single-channel to multi-channel operations.Specifically,the DL-MAC protocol incorporates a Deep Neural Network(DNN)for channel selection and a Recurrent Neural Network(RNN)for the joint design of channel access and rate adaptation.We conducted real-world data collection within the 2.4 GHz frequency band to validate the effectiveness of DL-MAC.Experimental results demonstrate that DL-MAC exhibits significantly superior performance compared to traditional algorithms in both single and multi-channel environments,and also outperforms single-function designs.Additionally,the performance of DL-MAC remains robust,unaffected by channel switch overheads within the evaluation range.展开更多
The acuurate prediction of the time-dependent mechanical behavior and deformation mechanisms of second-phase reinforced alloys under size effects is critical for the development of high-strength ductile metals and all...The acuurate prediction of the time-dependent mechanical behavior and deformation mechanisms of second-phase reinforced alloys under size effects is critical for the development of high-strength ductile metals and alloys for dynamic applications.However,solving their responses using high-fidelity numerical methods is computationally expensive and,in many cases,impractical.To address this issue,a dual-scale incremental variational formulation is proposed that incorporates the influence of plastic gradients on plastic evolution characteristics,integrating a strain-rate-dependent strain gradient plasticity model and including plastic gradients in the inelastic dissipation potential.Subsequently,two minimization problems based on the energy dissipation mechanisms of strain gradient plasticity,corresponding to the macroscopic and microscopic structures,are solved,leading to the development of a homogenization-based dual-scale solution algorithm.Finally,the effectiveness of the variational model and tangent algorithm is validated through a series of numerical simulations.The contributions of this work are as follows:first,it advances the theory of self-consistent computational homogenization modeling based on the energy dissipation mechanisms of plastic strain rates and their gradients,along with the development of a rigorous multi-level finite element method(FE2)solution procedure;second,the proposed algorithm provides an efficient and accurate method for evaluating the time-dependent mechanical behavior of second-phase reinforced alloys under strain gradient effects,exploring how these effects vary with the strain rate,and investigating their potential interactions.展开更多
Concentrated solar thermal power generation has been experimentally tested in advanced countries for a period of time.This paper demonstrates how this technology can be improved by using water molecules as a medium to...Concentrated solar thermal power generation has been experimentally tested in advanced countries for a period of time.This paper demonstrates how this technology can be improved by using water molecules as a medium to drive traditional generator sets for energy conversion,thereby simultaneously improving the energy conversion rate.Additionally,a novel contribution is made by incorporating a magic number 4 to enhance the focusing efficiency of Fresnel lenses,which drives improvements in power generation output and QE(Quantum Efficiency).展开更多
提出基于短语参数学习的主题模型TMPP(Topic Model based on Phrase Parameter)对在线评论中被评价实体的aspect和与之对应的rating进行抽取.TMPP具有三个特点:1)评论用"短语袋"表示;2)将标准的LDA中表示文档-主题的参数扩展...提出基于短语参数学习的主题模型TMPP(Topic Model based on Phrase Parameter)对在线评论中被评价实体的aspect和与之对应的rating进行抽取.TMPP具有三个特点:1)评论用"短语袋"表示;2)将标准的LDA中表示文档-主题的参数扩展为(aspect,rating)集;3)融合了先验知识.介绍了TMPP模型参数的物理含义、模型的生成过程以及先验知识的获取和表示方法;阐述了在TMPP模型中引入方面集聚类使用先验知识的原因与好处、TMPP模型提取(方面,等级)对形成(aspect,rating)摘要的原理.以真实的在线产品评论数据集为实验对象,在实验过程中引入先验知识的方面识别分析和等级预测精度分析,列出了五类产品相关方面和对立的情感词的实验结果.通过与已有的基线方法比较,实验表明若评论集中每篇评论有一个总体等级,TMPP能产生高质量的(aspect,rating)摘要.展开更多
MEMS gyroscope is a new inertial navigation sensor,which can measure the input angular rate of sensitive axis using Coriolis effect.Compared to the conventional gyroscope,it owns many unique advantages.A novel structu...MEMS gyroscope is a new inertial navigation sensor,which can measure the input angular rate of sensitive axis using Coriolis effect.Compared to the conventional gyroscope,it owns many unique advantages.A novel structure of vibrating ring gyroscope is proposed and the finite element model of the oscillator is established based on MEMS technology.Through the modal analysis,the natural frequency and mode shapes of the oscillator are obtained.By analyzing the effects of the structural parameters on the mode shapes and frequency of the harmonic oscillator,the optimal design parameters are got.The frequency difference between the operating mode and the other modes is greater than 1kHz after optimization,which can avoid the frequency coupling of the operating mode and other vibrating modes of the oscillator.The simulation results show that the performance parameters of the ring structure meet the design requirements and have obvious advantages.展开更多
[Objective] This paper aimed to improve the detection rate of probe EUB338 for eubacteria.[Methods] Sixteen strains were used as materials for the experiment and analyzed through fluorescence in situ hybridization.[Re...[Objective] This paper aimed to improve the detection rate of probe EUB338 for eubacteria.[Methods] Sixteen strains were used as materials for the experiment and analyzed through fluorescence in situ hybridization.[Result] The average detection rate of probe EUB338 was 63.9%,which can be increased to 71.3% through modified FISH.[Conclusion] This research was able to provide scientific basis for the detection of eubacteria in soil from the perspective of molecular biology.展开更多
Ultrasonic-Assisted Grinding(UAG)is a novel manufacturing technology that shows promising promise for use in processing Ceramic Matrix Composites(CMCs).Nevertheless,analyzing the material removal process of CMCs with ...Ultrasonic-Assisted Grinding(UAG)is a novel manufacturing technology that shows promising promise for use in processing Ceramic Matrix Composites(CMCs).Nevertheless,analyzing the material removal process of CMCs with multidirectional structure during UAG is challenging,impeding the progress and improvement of the UAG process.This work examined the impact of ultrasonic vibration on the dynamic mechanical characteristics during processing.Additionally,we experimentally elucidated the material removal mechanism of CMCs during the scratching process under the influence of vertical vibration.The results indicate that the introduction of ultrasonic vibration causes a strain rate effect,resulting in a modification of the material removal mechanism,subsequently impacting the processing quality.Ultrasonic vibration increases the dynamic strength and brittleness of the fibers in CMCs,leading to more cracks at fracture,which changes from the original bending fracture to shear fracture.In addition,ultrasonic vibration can effectively inhibit the impact of scratching depth and anisotropy on the removal mechanism of CMCs,resulting in a more uniform surface of CMCs after processing.展开更多
In this paper,we present a circuit model of single-quantum-well InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes based on the standard rate equations.Two rate equations describe carrier transport processes occurring in sep-arate confi...In this paper,we present a circuit model of single-quantum-well InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes based on the standard rate equations.Two rate equations describe carrier transport processes occurring in sep-arate confinement heterostructure and quantum well respectively,and the third equation describes the varied photons in quantum well.By using the presented model,impacts of quantum well thickness on the static and dynamic performances are investigated.Simulated results show that LED with 4 nm well exhibits better lightcurrent(L-I)performance,but LED with 3 nm well presents wider 3 dB modulation bandwidth.It reveals that high carrier density in quantum well is detrimental to the static performance,but beneficial to the dynamic performance.展开更多
The fatigue crack growth rate of a novel Ti-6Al-4V-1Mo titanium alloy,which is developed for laser directed energy deposition technique,was investigated before and after cyclic heat treatment(CHT).Changes in microstru...The fatigue crack growth rate of a novel Ti-6Al-4V-1Mo titanium alloy,which is developed for laser directed energy deposition technique,was investigated before and after cyclic heat treatment(CHT).Changes in microstructure,fracture surfaces,and crack growth paths were analyzed before and after CHT.Results indicate that in the stable crack growth region,the growth rates for the as-deposited and cyclic heat-treated specimens follow the relationships da/dN=1.8651×10^(−8)(ΔK)^(3.2271)and da/dN=1.4112×10^(−8)(ΔK)^(3.1125),respectively.Compared with that at the as-deposited state,the microstructure after CHT is transformed from a uniform basket-weave microstructure to a dual-phase microstructure consisting of near-sphericalαandβ-transformed matrix phases.The cyclic process also disrupts the continuity of the grain boundaryα(αGB)at the primaryβ-phase grain boundary.The coarsening of primaryαand the disruption ofαGB continuity are the primary factors to release stress concentration and promote crack deflection,thereby decreasing the fatigue crack growth rate.Additionally,the increased occurrence of crack branching,secondary cracking,and crack bridging in cyclic heat-treated specimens further reduces the crack driving force and slows the fatigue crack growth rate.展开更多
This study aims to mitigate crosswind-induced performance degradation in Natural Draft Dry Cooling Towers used in power plants by developing and assessing windbreak configurations that enhance ventilation while minimi...This study aims to mitigate crosswind-induced performance degradation in Natural Draft Dry Cooling Towers used in power plants by developing and assessing windbreak configurations that enhance ventilation while minimizing additional airflow resistance.Three novel windbreak designs,namely single-windbreak configuration with curved profile,double-windbreak configuration with curved profile,and double-windbreak configuration with inverted curved profile,are proposed accordingly and evaluated against conventional solutions.Three-dimensional numerical models of a 120 m high NDDCT equipped with these windbreaks,together with a conventional Y-shaped windbreak,are developed for systematic comparison.The results demonstrate that windbreak effectiveness strongly depends on crosswind intensity.At low crosswind speeds of 0-6 m/s,the Y-shaped windbreak provides the greatest enhancement,increasing the ventilation rate by 25.45%and the heat rejection rate by 21.37%at 6 m/s compared with the no-windbreak configuration.In contrast,under moderate to strong crosswinds of 6-18 m/s,the single-windbreak configuration with curved profile exhibits superior performance.At 18 m/s,it increases the ventilation rate by 148.88%and the heat rejection rate by 79.74%relative to the baseline case,outperforming the Y-shaped windbreak by 26.59%in ventilation rate and 17.01%in heat rejection capacity.Analysis of airflow structure,temperature fields,and velocity distributions confirms that the single-windbreak configuration with curved profile more effectively suppresses crosswind penetration and promotes stable upward airflow at higher wind speeds.Based on a comprehensive assessment of aerodynamic and thermal performance,the Y-shaped windbreak is recommended for regions where crosswind speeds remain below 6 m/s,whereas the single-windbreak configuration with curved profile is preferable for sites exposed to stronger crosswinds exceeding this threshold.展开更多
Early-stage gastric cancer;Extent of lymph node dissection;D1 dissection;D2 dissection;Recurrence rate;Survival rateObjective:To investigate the impact of different lymph node dissection scopes on postoperative recurr...Early-stage gastric cancer;Extent of lymph node dissection;D1 dissection;D2 dissection;Recurrence rate;Survival rateObjective:To investigate the impact of different lymph node dissection scopes on postoperative recurrence and survival rates in patients with early gastric cancer,providing evidence-based support for optimizing clinical surgical plans.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 100 patients with early gastric cancer who underwent surgical treatment at our hospital from October 2021 to October 2023.Patients were divided into Group D1(n=50)and Group D2(n=50)based on the extent of lymph node dissection.Group D1 underwent limited lymph node dissection(dissection of the first station of lymph nodes around the stomach),while Group D2 underwent standard lymph node dissection(dissection of the first and second stations of lymph nodes around the stomach).Surgical-related indicators,the incidence of postoperative complications,the 2-year recurrence rate,and the 2-year survival rate were compared between the two groups of patients.Results:The operative time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative hospital stay,and the number of lymph nodes dissected were significantly higher in the D2 group than in the D1 group(all P<0.001).The overall incidence of postoperative complications was higher in the D1 group than in the D2 group,but the difference was not statistically significant(χ^(2)=0.884,P=0.766).After a 2-year follow-up,the recurrence rate was significantly higher in the D1 group than in the D2 group(χ^(2)=4.000,P=0.046).The 2-year survival rate was significantly lower in the D1 group than in the D2 group(χ^(2)=5.005,P=0.025).A total of 100 patients with early-stage gastric cancer were grouped according to the depth of invasion,degree of differentiation,and lymph node metastasis status,and the recurrence rates of different subgroups were compared.The results showed that the recurrence rate was higher in patients with T1b stage than in those with T1a stage(χ^(2)=5.005,P=0.025),higher in poorly differentiated patients than in moderately and well-differentiated patients(χ^(2)=4.155,P=0.042),and higher in patients with lymph node metastasis than in those without lymph node metastasis(χ^(2)=4.512,P=0.034).Conclusion:Compared with D1 limited lymph node dissection,D2 standard lymph node dissection can significantly reduce the postoperative recurrence rate and improve the 2-year survival rate in patients with early-stage gastric cancer without significantly increasing the risk of postoperative complications.Although the surgical trauma is slightly greater,the overall prognosis is better,making it a preferred surgical treatment option for patients with early-stage gastric cancer.展开更多
Apparel exports China:The decline in exports widened from January to September(-2.4%,compared to-0.2%in January-June).Exports to the EU increased(+5.9%),though the growth rate moderated.Exports to the US saw a larger ...Apparel exports China:The decline in exports widened from January to September(-2.4%,compared to-0.2%in January-June).Exports to the EU increased(+5.9%),though the growth rate moderated.Exports to the US saw a larger contraction(January-June:-1.6%,January-September:-8.2%).While exports to ASEAN countries still fell by over 10%(-17.7%),shipments to the Philippines(+6.9%),Indonesia(+19.0%),and Cambodia(+64.9%)demonstrated stronger growth performance within the year.Regarding tariffs,on October 30,China and the US agreed to lower the rates on goods subject to additional duties(effectively reducing the average tariff rate on Chinese imports to the US from about 57%to approximately 47%,though this remains significantly higher than the 19.5%overall average rate applied to other countries).展开更多
China has limited acaricide options for tea plantations.Cyetpyrafen,a novel domestic acaricide with high efficacy,low toxicity and a negative temperature coefficient,offers an alternative for tea pest control;however,...China has limited acaricide options for tea plantations.Cyetpyrafen,a novel domestic acaricide with high efficacy,low toxicity and a negative temperature coefficient,offers an alternative for tea pest control;however,its residue fate in tea remains unclear.This study developed a method to simultaneously detect cyetpyrafen and its metabolites(M-309,M-325-1,and M-409-3)in different tea matrices to investigate their fate.Recoveries of compounds ranged from 73.4 to 106.2%with the relative standard deviations(RSDs)below 12.0%.During tea cultivation,the dissipation half-life of cyetpyrafen was 0.59 d,with M-309 as a major metabolite.The residues of cyetpyrafen and M-309 were affected by different processing stages,especially water loss and high temperatures during fixing,drying and withering.The total processing factors ranged from 1.39 to 1.71 for green tea and 1.48 to 2.28 for black tea(processed from fresh tea leaves sampled at 1,5,and 7 d),respectively.The leaching rates of cyetpyrafen from green tea and black tea into tea infusions were 7.4 and 6%,respectively.The risk associated with cyetpyrafen intake from tea consumption was low,with risk quotient values below 100%.However,theoretical calculation indicated potential harm to non-target organisms from its metabolites.This research provides a reference for the safe and efficient use of cyetpyrafen in tea gardens.展开更多
Debris flows have increased in frequency within the arid Daheba Basin on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau,but their sediment sources remain poorly quantified.Using high-resolution UAV-derived DEMs from 51 small catchm...Debris flows have increased in frequency within the arid Daheba Basin on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau,but their sediment sources remain poorly quantified.Using high-resolution UAV-derived DEMs from 51 small catchments,this study evaluates the relative contributions of landslide-derived and channel-derived sediment in controlling debris-flow fan magnitude,and quantifies sediment supply during the 2023 rainy season using DEM differencing.A total of 766 landslides occurred predominantly on slopes of 40°-50°and southeast-southwest aspects,generating 36.17×10^(4)m^(3)of material.Gully heads exhibit exceptionally lower landscape dissection thresholds compared with loess and Quaternary regions in China,indicating high susceptibility to failure under intensified runoff.The results show that Landslide area-volume scaling exponent(b)varies with hillslope geometry(K_(u)):b>1.3 for K_(u)<8 and generally b<1.3 for K_(u)>8,indicating more complete scar evacuation upslope and partial erosion downslope.Despite the abundance of landslides,their contribution to debris flow fan magnitude is minor(<25%),with channel debris dominating(>75%).DEM differencing of a small catchment before and after the 2023 rainy season further reveals that sediment supply originates primarily from the main channel(60.6%)and tributaries(23.3%),with smaller contributions from channel banks(6.8%)and channel heads(9.2%).Tributaries exhibit the greatest mean erosion depth(4.2 m),exceeding that of the main channel(3.8 m).These findings demonstrate that debris-flow material supply in the Daheba Basin is transport-limited and controlled mainly by fluvial entrainment rather than slope failures.Climatic warming and wetting may enhance slope instability,but sediment mobilization is dominantly governed by runoff-driven channel erosion.This study underscores the importance of prioritizing channel sediment dynamics in debris flow hazards assessments for arid regions of the Tibetan plateau.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the therapeutic effect of laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopy in the treatment of difficult cholelithiasis.Methods:A total of 60 patients with difficult cholelithiasis admitted for treatment...Objective:To analyze the therapeutic effect of laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopy in the treatment of difficult cholelithiasis.Methods:A total of 60 patients with difficult cholelithiasis admitted for treatment from January 2022 to December 2024 were selected and evenly divided into two groups using a random number table.The combined group received laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopy treatment,while the single group received laparoscopy treatment alone.The total treatment efficacy,perioperative indicators,angiotensin(Ang)levels,quality of life scores,and complication rates were compared between the two groups.Results:The total treatment efficacy in the combined group was higher than that in the single group;except for operative time,the perioperative indicators in the combined group were superior to those in the single group;the Ang levels after treatment in the combined group were lower than those in the single group,and the quality of life scores were higher(P<0.05).The complication rate in the combined group was lower than that in the single group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Laparoscopy combined with choedochoscopy can enhance the treatment effectiveness for patients with difficult cholelithiasis,improve perioperative indicators,regulate their Ang levels,elevate quality of life,and demonstrate high surgical safety.展开更多
Yogyakarta was struck by a devastating Mw6.3 earthquake,which intensified awareness about the seismic hazards in the region.This study investigates the kinematic slip rate and seismogenic depth of the northern segment...Yogyakarta was struck by a devastating Mw6.3 earthquake,which intensified awareness about the seismic hazards in the region.This study investigates the kinematic slip rate and seismogenic depth of the northern segment of Opak Fault and an unmapped fault known as Ngalang Fault in Yogyakarta,utilizing Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)data collected between 2019 and 2023.By deploying a network of 12 GNSS stations alongside continuous observations from the InaCORS network,we perfo rmed a detailed geodetic analysis to discern current defo rmation patterns.To quantify the slip rate,we established a frame of reference using the Sundaland Block's rotational parameters and applied the Euler pole angular velocity to transform daily GNSS solutions acco rdingly.The findings reveal significant left-lateral strike-slip motion in the northern segment of Opak Fault,with a slip rate averaging 3 mm/yr and a locking depth of 2.1 km in Northern Segment,whereas the slip rate averages 1.1 mm/yr and the locking depth is estimated at 1 km in the Ngalang Fault,indicating active geological movements that may influence future seismicity.展开更多
Fine-grained nuclear graphite is a key material in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors(HTGRs).During air ingress accidents,core graphite components undergo severe oxidation,threatening structural integrity.Therefore,...Fine-grained nuclear graphite is a key material in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors(HTGRs).During air ingress accidents,core graphite components undergo severe oxidation,threatening structural integrity.Therefore,understanding the oxidation behavior of nuclear graphite is essential for reactor safety.The influence of oxidation involves multiple factors,including temperature,sample size,oxidant,impurities,filler type and size,etc.The size of the filler particles plays a crucial role in this study.Five ultrafine-and superfine-grained nuclear graphite samples(5.9-34.4μm)are manufactured using identical raw materials and manufacturing processes.Isothermal oxidation tests conducted at 650℃-750℃ are used to study the oxidation behavior.Additionally,comprehensive characterization is performed to analyze the crystal structure,surface morphology,and nanoscale to microscale pore structure of the samples.Results indicate that oxidation behavior cannot be predicted solely based on filler grain size.Reactive site concentration,characterized by active surface area,dominates the chemical reaction kinetics,whereas pore tortuosity,quantified by the structural parameterΨ,plays a key role in regulating oxidant diffusion.These findings clarify the dual role of microstructure in oxidation mechanisms and establish a theoretical and experimental basis for the design of high-performance nuclear graphite capable of long-term service in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82371530,82171529)the Capital Health Development Special Research Project(2022-1-4111)the National Key Technology R and D Program(No.2015BAI13B01).
文摘Background The patient-reported Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale(DARS)has been adapted into Chinese,so there is a need to evaluate its measurement properties in a Chinese population.Aims To evaluate the reliability and validity of the DARS among Chinese individuals with major depressive disorder(MDD)and its treatment sensitivity in a prospective clinical study.Methods Data were from a multicentre,prospective clinical study(NCT03294525),which recruited both patients with MDD,who were followed for 8 weeks,and healthy controls(HCs),assessed at baseline only.The analysis included confirmatory factor analysis,validity and sensitivity to change.Results Patients’mean(standard deviation(SD))age was 34.8(11.0)years,with 68.7%being female.75.2%of patients with MDD had melancholic features,followed by 63.8%with anxious distress.Patients had experienced MDD for a mean(SD)of 9.2(18)months.DARS scores covered the full range of severity with no major floor or ceiling effects.Confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate fit statistics(comparative fit index 0.976,goodness-of-fit index 0.935 and root mean square error of approximation 0.055).Convergent validity with anhedonia-related measures was confirmed.While the correlation between the DARS and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was not strong(r=0.31,baseline),the DARS was found to differentiate between levels of depression.Greater improvements in DARS scores were seen with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression responder group(effect size 1.16)compared with the non-responder group(effect size 0.46).Conclusions This study comprehensively evaluated the measurement properties of the DARS using a Chinese population with MDD.Overall,the Chinese version of DARS demonstrates good psychometric properties and has been found to be responsive to change during antidepressant treatment.The DARS is a suitable scale for assessing patient-reported anhedonia in future clinical trials.
文摘ESG(Environmental,Social,and Governance)performance has emerged as a central metric in assessing corporate sustainability.Utilizing ESG rating data for A-share listed companies on the Shanghai Stock Exchange spanning from 2019 to 2022,coupled with measures of corporate transformation and upgrading,this study introduces green innovation as a mediating variable to dissect the impact of ESG ratings on corporate transformation and upgrading.The key findings of this research are as follows:(1)ESG ratings positively influence corporate transformation and upgrading,a conclusion that retains robustness after a comprehensive series of tests and discussions on endogeneity.(2)Mechanism analysis reveals that ESG ratings foster corporate transformation and upgrading by enhancing corporate green innovation.(3)In comparison with other industries,the influence of ESG ratings on corporate transformation and upgrading is notably more pronounced among heavily polluting industries among listed companies in China.Additionally,ESG ratings exhibit a more significant promotional effect on non-state-owned enterprises compared to state-owned enterprises.Larger enterprises play a more substantial role in transformation and upgrading than small and medium-sized enterprises.The promotional effect of ESG ratings is more evident in enterprises with poor information disclosure quality.Furthermore,as media attention increases,so does the impact of ESG ratings on corporate transformation.This study offers valuable policy insights from the ESG rating perspective,aiming to propel corporate transformation and upgrading,thereby contributing to economic high-quality and sustainable development.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2021YFB1714100in part by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,China,under Grant JCYJ20220531101015033.
文摘With increasing density and heterogeneity in unlicensed wireless networks,traditional MAC protocols,such as Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance(CSMA/CA)in Wi-Fi networks,are experiencing performance degradation.This is manifested in increased collisions and extended backoff times,leading to diminished spectrum efficiency and protocol coordination.Addressing these issues,this paper proposes a deep-learning-based MAC paradigm,dubbed DL-MAC,which leverages spectrum data readily available from energy detection modules in wireless devices to achieve the MAC functionalities of channel access,rate adaptation,and channel switch.First,we utilize DL-MAC to realize a joint design of channel access and rate adaptation.Subsequently,we integrate the capability of channel switching into DL-MAC,enhancing its functionality from single-channel to multi-channel operations.Specifically,the DL-MAC protocol incorporates a Deep Neural Network(DNN)for channel selection and a Recurrent Neural Network(RNN)for the joint design of channel access and rate adaptation.We conducted real-world data collection within the 2.4 GHz frequency band to validate the effectiveness of DL-MAC.Experimental results demonstrate that DL-MAC exhibits significantly superior performance compared to traditional algorithms in both single and multi-channel environments,and also outperforms single-function designs.Additionally,the performance of DL-MAC remains robust,unaffected by channel switch overheads within the evaluation range.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11922206,11702089,12272132)the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province(No.CX20240388)。
文摘The acuurate prediction of the time-dependent mechanical behavior and deformation mechanisms of second-phase reinforced alloys under size effects is critical for the development of high-strength ductile metals and alloys for dynamic applications.However,solving their responses using high-fidelity numerical methods is computationally expensive and,in many cases,impractical.To address this issue,a dual-scale incremental variational formulation is proposed that incorporates the influence of plastic gradients on plastic evolution characteristics,integrating a strain-rate-dependent strain gradient plasticity model and including plastic gradients in the inelastic dissipation potential.Subsequently,two minimization problems based on the energy dissipation mechanisms of strain gradient plasticity,corresponding to the macroscopic and microscopic structures,are solved,leading to the development of a homogenization-based dual-scale solution algorithm.Finally,the effectiveness of the variational model and tangent algorithm is validated through a series of numerical simulations.The contributions of this work are as follows:first,it advances the theory of self-consistent computational homogenization modeling based on the energy dissipation mechanisms of plastic strain rates and their gradients,along with the development of a rigorous multi-level finite element method(FE2)solution procedure;second,the proposed algorithm provides an efficient and accurate method for evaluating the time-dependent mechanical behavior of second-phase reinforced alloys under strain gradient effects,exploring how these effects vary with the strain rate,and investigating their potential interactions.
文摘Concentrated solar thermal power generation has been experimentally tested in advanced countries for a period of time.This paper demonstrates how this technology can be improved by using water molecules as a medium to drive traditional generator sets for energy conversion,thereby simultaneously improving the energy conversion rate.Additionally,a novel contribution is made by incorporating a magic number 4 to enhance the focusing efficiency of Fresnel lenses,which drives improvements in power generation output and QE(Quantum Efficiency).
文摘提出基于短语参数学习的主题模型TMPP(Topic Model based on Phrase Parameter)对在线评论中被评价实体的aspect和与之对应的rating进行抽取.TMPP具有三个特点:1)评论用"短语袋"表示;2)将标准的LDA中表示文档-主题的参数扩展为(aspect,rating)集;3)融合了先验知识.介绍了TMPP模型参数的物理含义、模型的生成过程以及先验知识的获取和表示方法;阐述了在TMPP模型中引入方面集聚类使用先验知识的原因与好处、TMPP模型提取(方面,等级)对形成(aspect,rating)摘要的原理.以真实的在线产品评论数据集为实验对象,在实验过程中引入先验知识的方面识别分析和等级预测精度分析,列出了五类产品相关方面和对立的情感词的实验结果.通过与已有的基线方法比较,实验表明若评论集中每篇评论有一个总体等级,TMPP能产生高质量的(aspect,rating)摘要.
文摘MEMS gyroscope is a new inertial navigation sensor,which can measure the input angular rate of sensitive axis using Coriolis effect.Compared to the conventional gyroscope,it owns many unique advantages.A novel structure of vibrating ring gyroscope is proposed and the finite element model of the oscillator is established based on MEMS technology.Through the modal analysis,the natural frequency and mode shapes of the oscillator are obtained.By analyzing the effects of the structural parameters on the mode shapes and frequency of the harmonic oscillator,the optimal design parameters are got.The frequency difference between the operating mode and the other modes is greater than 1kHz after optimization,which can avoid the frequency coupling of the operating mode and other vibrating modes of the oscillator.The simulation results show that the performance parameters of the ring structure meet the design requirements and have obvious advantages.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministrythe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21047001)the Standards Foundation of Shanghai City(No.10DZ0503900)~~
文摘[Objective] This paper aimed to improve the detection rate of probe EUB338 for eubacteria.[Methods] Sixteen strains were used as materials for the experiment and analyzed through fluorescence in situ hybridization.[Result] The average detection rate of probe EUB338 was 63.9%,which can be increased to 71.3% through modified FISH.[Conclusion] This research was able to provide scientific basis for the detection of eubacteria in soil from the perspective of molecular biology.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.52325506)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DUT22LAB501)。
文摘Ultrasonic-Assisted Grinding(UAG)is a novel manufacturing technology that shows promising promise for use in processing Ceramic Matrix Composites(CMCs).Nevertheless,analyzing the material removal process of CMCs with multidirectional structure during UAG is challenging,impeding the progress and improvement of the UAG process.This work examined the impact of ultrasonic vibration on the dynamic mechanical characteristics during processing.Additionally,we experimentally elucidated the material removal mechanism of CMCs during the scratching process under the influence of vertical vibration.The results indicate that the introduction of ultrasonic vibration causes a strain rate effect,resulting in a modification of the material removal mechanism,subsequently impacting the processing quality.Ultrasonic vibration increases the dynamic strength and brittleness of the fibers in CMCs,leading to more cracks at fracture,which changes from the original bending fracture to shear fracture.In addition,ultrasonic vibration can effectively inhibit the impact of scratching depth and anisotropy on the removal mechanism of CMCs,resulting in a more uniform surface of CMCs after processing.
文摘In this paper,we present a circuit model of single-quantum-well InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes based on the standard rate equations.Two rate equations describe carrier transport processes occurring in sep-arate confinement heterostructure and quantum well respectively,and the third equation describes the varied photons in quantum well.By using the presented model,impacts of quantum well thickness on the static and dynamic performances are investigated.Simulated results show that LED with 4 nm well exhibits better lightcurrent(L-I)performance,but LED with 3 nm well presents wider 3 dB modulation bandwidth.It reveals that high carrier density in quantum well is detrimental to the static performance,but beneficial to the dynamic performance.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFB4610803)。
文摘The fatigue crack growth rate of a novel Ti-6Al-4V-1Mo titanium alloy,which is developed for laser directed energy deposition technique,was investigated before and after cyclic heat treatment(CHT).Changes in microstructure,fracture surfaces,and crack growth paths were analyzed before and after CHT.Results indicate that in the stable crack growth region,the growth rates for the as-deposited and cyclic heat-treated specimens follow the relationships da/dN=1.8651×10^(−8)(ΔK)^(3.2271)and da/dN=1.4112×10^(−8)(ΔK)^(3.1125),respectively.Compared with that at the as-deposited state,the microstructure after CHT is transformed from a uniform basket-weave microstructure to a dual-phase microstructure consisting of near-sphericalαandβ-transformed matrix phases.The cyclic process also disrupts the continuity of the grain boundaryα(αGB)at the primaryβ-phase grain boundary.The coarsening of primaryαand the disruption ofαGB continuity are the primary factors to release stress concentration and promote crack deflection,thereby decreasing the fatigue crack growth rate.Additionally,the increased occurrence of crack branching,secondary cracking,and crack bridging in cyclic heat-treated specimens further reduces the crack driving force and slows the fatigue crack growth rate.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52476206)the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.2025CXGC010203)+1 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2025A1515012123)the Shandong Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.ZR2022ME008).
文摘This study aims to mitigate crosswind-induced performance degradation in Natural Draft Dry Cooling Towers used in power plants by developing and assessing windbreak configurations that enhance ventilation while minimizing additional airflow resistance.Three novel windbreak designs,namely single-windbreak configuration with curved profile,double-windbreak configuration with curved profile,and double-windbreak configuration with inverted curved profile,are proposed accordingly and evaluated against conventional solutions.Three-dimensional numerical models of a 120 m high NDDCT equipped with these windbreaks,together with a conventional Y-shaped windbreak,are developed for systematic comparison.The results demonstrate that windbreak effectiveness strongly depends on crosswind intensity.At low crosswind speeds of 0-6 m/s,the Y-shaped windbreak provides the greatest enhancement,increasing the ventilation rate by 25.45%and the heat rejection rate by 21.37%at 6 m/s compared with the no-windbreak configuration.In contrast,under moderate to strong crosswinds of 6-18 m/s,the single-windbreak configuration with curved profile exhibits superior performance.At 18 m/s,it increases the ventilation rate by 148.88%and the heat rejection rate by 79.74%relative to the baseline case,outperforming the Y-shaped windbreak by 26.59%in ventilation rate and 17.01%in heat rejection capacity.Analysis of airflow structure,temperature fields,and velocity distributions confirms that the single-windbreak configuration with curved profile more effectively suppresses crosswind penetration and promotes stable upward airflow at higher wind speeds.Based on a comprehensive assessment of aerodynamic and thermal performance,the Y-shaped windbreak is recommended for regions where crosswind speeds remain below 6 m/s,whereas the single-windbreak configuration with curved profile is preferable for sites exposed to stronger crosswinds exceeding this threshold.
基金Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital Science and Technology Development Incubation Fund,“Research on the Role and Mechanism of PIGU in Regulating MUC-1 in Gastric Cancer Immune Escape”(Project No.:2023YJY-29)Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Basic Research Program,“Research on the Mechanism and Clinical Significance of miR-140-5p Related to Gastric Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis”(Project No.:2023-JC-YB-639)。
文摘Early-stage gastric cancer;Extent of lymph node dissection;D1 dissection;D2 dissection;Recurrence rate;Survival rateObjective:To investigate the impact of different lymph node dissection scopes on postoperative recurrence and survival rates in patients with early gastric cancer,providing evidence-based support for optimizing clinical surgical plans.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 100 patients with early gastric cancer who underwent surgical treatment at our hospital from October 2021 to October 2023.Patients were divided into Group D1(n=50)and Group D2(n=50)based on the extent of lymph node dissection.Group D1 underwent limited lymph node dissection(dissection of the first station of lymph nodes around the stomach),while Group D2 underwent standard lymph node dissection(dissection of the first and second stations of lymph nodes around the stomach).Surgical-related indicators,the incidence of postoperative complications,the 2-year recurrence rate,and the 2-year survival rate were compared between the two groups of patients.Results:The operative time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative hospital stay,and the number of lymph nodes dissected were significantly higher in the D2 group than in the D1 group(all P<0.001).The overall incidence of postoperative complications was higher in the D1 group than in the D2 group,but the difference was not statistically significant(χ^(2)=0.884,P=0.766).After a 2-year follow-up,the recurrence rate was significantly higher in the D1 group than in the D2 group(χ^(2)=4.000,P=0.046).The 2-year survival rate was significantly lower in the D1 group than in the D2 group(χ^(2)=5.005,P=0.025).A total of 100 patients with early-stage gastric cancer were grouped according to the depth of invasion,degree of differentiation,and lymph node metastasis status,and the recurrence rates of different subgroups were compared.The results showed that the recurrence rate was higher in patients with T1b stage than in those with T1a stage(χ^(2)=5.005,P=0.025),higher in poorly differentiated patients than in moderately and well-differentiated patients(χ^(2)=4.155,P=0.042),and higher in patients with lymph node metastasis than in those without lymph node metastasis(χ^(2)=4.512,P=0.034).Conclusion:Compared with D1 limited lymph node dissection,D2 standard lymph node dissection can significantly reduce the postoperative recurrence rate and improve the 2-year survival rate in patients with early-stage gastric cancer without significantly increasing the risk of postoperative complications.Although the surgical trauma is slightly greater,the overall prognosis is better,making it a preferred surgical treatment option for patients with early-stage gastric cancer.
文摘Apparel exports China:The decline in exports widened from January to September(-2.4%,compared to-0.2%in January-June).Exports to the EU increased(+5.9%),though the growth rate moderated.Exports to the US saw a larger contraction(January-June:-1.6%,January-September:-8.2%).While exports to ASEAN countries still fell by over 10%(-17.7%),shipments to the Philippines(+6.9%),Indonesia(+19.0%),and Cambodia(+64.9%)demonstrated stronger growth performance within the year.Regarding tariffs,on October 30,China and the US agreed to lower the rates on goods subject to additional duties(effectively reducing the average tariff rate on Chinese imports to the US from about 57%to approximately 47%,though this remains significantly higher than the 19.5%overall average rate applied to other countries).
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1600803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772077)+1 种基金the Yunnan Provincial Tea Industry Technology Innovation Center,China(202505AK340010)the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences for Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Tea Research Institute(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-TRI)。
文摘China has limited acaricide options for tea plantations.Cyetpyrafen,a novel domestic acaricide with high efficacy,low toxicity and a negative temperature coefficient,offers an alternative for tea pest control;however,its residue fate in tea remains unclear.This study developed a method to simultaneously detect cyetpyrafen and its metabolites(M-309,M-325-1,and M-409-3)in different tea matrices to investigate their fate.Recoveries of compounds ranged from 73.4 to 106.2%with the relative standard deviations(RSDs)below 12.0%.During tea cultivation,the dissipation half-life of cyetpyrafen was 0.59 d,with M-309 as a major metabolite.The residues of cyetpyrafen and M-309 were affected by different processing stages,especially water loss and high temperatures during fixing,drying and withering.The total processing factors ranged from 1.39 to 1.71 for green tea and 1.48 to 2.28 for black tea(processed from fresh tea leaves sampled at 1,5,and 7 d),respectively.The leaching rates of cyetpyrafen from green tea and black tea into tea infusions were 7.4 and 6%,respectively.The risk associated with cyetpyrafen intake from tea consumption was low,with risk quotient values below 100%.However,theoretical calculation indicated potential harm to non-target organisms from its metabolites.This research provides a reference for the safe and efficient use of cyetpyrafen in tea gardens.
基金supported by the Chengdu University of Information Technology Doctoral Fund‘Study on the Initiation Mechanism of Hydraulic Debris Flow Based on Shields Stress’(KYTZ202275)the Second Tibetan Scientific Expedition and Research Program(Grant No.2019QZKK0902)。
文摘Debris flows have increased in frequency within the arid Daheba Basin on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau,but their sediment sources remain poorly quantified.Using high-resolution UAV-derived DEMs from 51 small catchments,this study evaluates the relative contributions of landslide-derived and channel-derived sediment in controlling debris-flow fan magnitude,and quantifies sediment supply during the 2023 rainy season using DEM differencing.A total of 766 landslides occurred predominantly on slopes of 40°-50°and southeast-southwest aspects,generating 36.17×10^(4)m^(3)of material.Gully heads exhibit exceptionally lower landscape dissection thresholds compared with loess and Quaternary regions in China,indicating high susceptibility to failure under intensified runoff.The results show that Landslide area-volume scaling exponent(b)varies with hillslope geometry(K_(u)):b>1.3 for K_(u)<8 and generally b<1.3 for K_(u)>8,indicating more complete scar evacuation upslope and partial erosion downslope.Despite the abundance of landslides,their contribution to debris flow fan magnitude is minor(<25%),with channel debris dominating(>75%).DEM differencing of a small catchment before and after the 2023 rainy season further reveals that sediment supply originates primarily from the main channel(60.6%)and tributaries(23.3%),with smaller contributions from channel banks(6.8%)and channel heads(9.2%).Tributaries exhibit the greatest mean erosion depth(4.2 m),exceeding that of the main channel(3.8 m).These findings demonstrate that debris-flow material supply in the Daheba Basin is transport-limited and controlled mainly by fluvial entrainment rather than slope failures.Climatic warming and wetting may enhance slope instability,but sediment mobilization is dominantly governed by runoff-driven channel erosion.This study underscores the importance of prioritizing channel sediment dynamics in debris flow hazards assessments for arid regions of the Tibetan plateau.
文摘Objective:To analyze the therapeutic effect of laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopy in the treatment of difficult cholelithiasis.Methods:A total of 60 patients with difficult cholelithiasis admitted for treatment from January 2022 to December 2024 were selected and evenly divided into two groups using a random number table.The combined group received laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopy treatment,while the single group received laparoscopy treatment alone.The total treatment efficacy,perioperative indicators,angiotensin(Ang)levels,quality of life scores,and complication rates were compared between the two groups.Results:The total treatment efficacy in the combined group was higher than that in the single group;except for operative time,the perioperative indicators in the combined group were superior to those in the single group;the Ang levels after treatment in the combined group were lower than those in the single group,and the quality of life scores were higher(P<0.05).The complication rate in the combined group was lower than that in the single group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Laparoscopy combined with choedochoscopy can enhance the treatment effectiveness for patients with difficult cholelithiasis,improve perioperative indicators,regulate their Ang levels,elevate quality of life,and demonstrate high surgical safety.
基金funded by the Department of Geodetic Engineering,Faculty of Engineering,Universitas Gadjah Mada。
文摘Yogyakarta was struck by a devastating Mw6.3 earthquake,which intensified awareness about the seismic hazards in the region.This study investigates the kinematic slip rate and seismogenic depth of the northern segment of Opak Fault and an unmapped fault known as Ngalang Fault in Yogyakarta,utilizing Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)data collected between 2019 and 2023.By deploying a network of 12 GNSS stations alongside continuous observations from the InaCORS network,we perfo rmed a detailed geodetic analysis to discern current defo rmation patterns.To quantify the slip rate,we established a frame of reference using the Sundaland Block's rotational parameters and applied the Euler pole angular velocity to transform daily GNSS solutions acco rdingly.The findings reveal significant left-lateral strike-slip motion in the northern segment of Opak Fault,with a slip rate averaging 3 mm/yr and a locking depth of 2.1 km in Northern Segment,whereas the slip rate averages 1.1 mm/yr and the locking depth is estimated at 1 km in the Ngalang Fault,indicating active geological movements that may influence future seismicity.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFA1612900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52103365 and No.12375270)the Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program,China(Grant No.2021ZT09L227).
文摘Fine-grained nuclear graphite is a key material in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors(HTGRs).During air ingress accidents,core graphite components undergo severe oxidation,threatening structural integrity.Therefore,understanding the oxidation behavior of nuclear graphite is essential for reactor safety.The influence of oxidation involves multiple factors,including temperature,sample size,oxidant,impurities,filler type and size,etc.The size of the filler particles plays a crucial role in this study.Five ultrafine-and superfine-grained nuclear graphite samples(5.9-34.4μm)are manufactured using identical raw materials and manufacturing processes.Isothermal oxidation tests conducted at 650℃-750℃ are used to study the oxidation behavior.Additionally,comprehensive characterization is performed to analyze the crystal structure,surface morphology,and nanoscale to microscale pore structure of the samples.Results indicate that oxidation behavior cannot be predicted solely based on filler grain size.Reactive site concentration,characterized by active surface area,dominates the chemical reaction kinetics,whereas pore tortuosity,quantified by the structural parameterΨ,plays a key role in regulating oxidant diffusion.These findings clarify the dual role of microstructure in oxidation mechanisms and establish a theoretical and experimental basis for the design of high-performance nuclear graphite capable of long-term service in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors.
