Introduction: Irregular wide antibiotic administration by physicians and over the counter use of them had led to inappropriate or non-essential choice of antibiotic. If blood related diseases like sepsis and bacteremi...Introduction: Irregular wide antibiotic administration by physicians and over the counter use of them had led to inappropriate or non-essential choice of antibiotic. If blood related diseases like sepsis and bacteremia, have not been diagnosed and treated as soon as possible, they can make high complications and mortalities. This study was conducted to survey of epidemiological changes about frequency of micro-organisms in blood cultures in Razi laboratory of Rasht during 2006 to 2011. Material & Methods: This is a descriptive retrospective study performed by information database of Razi laboratory. For all of positive samples addressed for blood culture, anti-biograms had been done by method of Kirby & Bauer and agar diffusion. Last, formation or deformation of growth zone was evaluated and on the basis of standard table, results were classified to three categories of sensitive, intermediate and resistance. All of common standard antibiotic disks had been used in this survey. Results: In all cases which addressed for culture (466 cases) 43 subjects (9.22%) were positive and one of them was contaminated. The most frequent bacteria separated from the blood cultures were respectively: coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella and coagulase positive Staphylococcus. Relation between type of bacteria and gender of patients was significant (P = 0.001) in which in female cases it was the most frequent. The most resistance in all of applied antibiotics in coagulase negative Staphylococcus group was 60.2%, in gram negative non non-fermentative bacillus group was 43.16% and in gram negative intestinal bacteria group was 39.25%. Discussion & Conclusion: Although there are similar results in the pattern of resistance in comparison of other studies, pattern of this study is unique and exclussive for Rasht city and it is based on hygienic condition of Guilan province. Because of being respective and variables were not considerd by opinions of researchers of this study, it is necessary to conduct a prospective and continous study in this wide level.展开更多
Instrumental neutron activation analysis （INAA） has turned out to be particularly useful in the analysis of suspended particles. This work describes the INAA characterization of air particulate matter collected in R...Instrumental neutron activation analysis （INAA） has turned out to be particularly useful in the analysis of suspended particles. This work describes the INAA characterization of air particulate matter collected in Rasht city, Iran. The particulate matter was collected in two sampling sites for elemental analysis in the period of winter-summer 2009. Samples have been transferred to the environmental laboratory of radiation applications research school. Neutron exposures were performed in Tehran Research Reactor, and measurements were carried out using HPGe detectors coupled to gamma ray spectrometer. In these filter samples, the elements, AI, As, Ba, Br, Ca, CI, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Sb, Sc, Ti, V and Zn were determined using different irradiation and counting protocols. Results show that mean concentration of most air-pollutants in Rasht are lower than those measured in other cities in Iran （Tehran, Shiraz, Isfahan）. Collected data were also compared with reported results for other cities in the world.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Irregular wide antibiotic administration by physicians and over the counter use of them had led to inappropriate or non-essential choice of antibiotic. If blood related diseases like sepsis and bacteremia, have not been diagnosed and treated as soon as possible, they can make high complications and mortalities. This study was conducted to survey of epidemiological changes about frequency of micro-organisms in blood cultures in Razi laboratory of Rasht during 2006 to 2011. Material & Methods: This is a descriptive retrospective study performed by information database of Razi laboratory. For all of positive samples addressed for blood culture, anti-biograms had been done by method of Kirby & Bauer and agar diffusion. Last, formation or deformation of growth zone was evaluated and on the basis of standard table, results were classified to three categories of sensitive, intermediate and resistance. All of common standard antibiotic disks had been used in this survey. Results: In all cases which addressed for culture (466 cases) 43 subjects (9.22%) were positive and one of them was contaminated. The most frequent bacteria separated from the blood cultures were respectively: coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella and coagulase positive Staphylococcus. Relation between type of bacteria and gender of patients was significant (P = 0.001) in which in female cases it was the most frequent. The most resistance in all of applied antibiotics in coagulase negative Staphylococcus group was 60.2%, in gram negative non non-fermentative bacillus group was 43.16% and in gram negative intestinal bacteria group was 39.25%. Discussion & Conclusion: Although there are similar results in the pattern of resistance in comparison of other studies, pattern of this study is unique and exclussive for Rasht city and it is based on hygienic condition of Guilan province. Because of being respective and variables were not considerd by opinions of researchers of this study, it is necessary to conduct a prospective and continous study in this wide level.
文摘Instrumental neutron activation analysis （INAA） has turned out to be particularly useful in the analysis of suspended particles. This work describes the INAA characterization of air particulate matter collected in Rasht city, Iran. The particulate matter was collected in two sampling sites for elemental analysis in the period of winter-summer 2009. Samples have been transferred to the environmental laboratory of radiation applications research school. Neutron exposures were performed in Tehran Research Reactor, and measurements were carried out using HPGe detectors coupled to gamma ray spectrometer. In these filter samples, the elements, AI, As, Ba, Br, Ca, CI, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Sb, Sc, Ti, V and Zn were determined using different irradiation and counting protocols. Results show that mean concentration of most air-pollutants in Rasht are lower than those measured in other cities in Iran （Tehran, Shiraz, Isfahan）. Collected data were also compared with reported results for other cities in the world.
