ZTE Corporation announced on March 31, 2008 that it has been ranked second in terms of CDMA equipment competitiveness by the Yankee Group in a report entitled "ZTE Shines in CDMA Market" published by the res...ZTE Corporation announced on March 31, 2008 that it has been ranked second in terms of CDMA equipment competitiveness by the Yankee Group in a report entitled "ZTE Shines in CDMA Market" published by the research firm in February this year. According to the report, ZTE is the most competitive telecom vendor in China, India, emerging Asia-Pacific market, Africa and Eastern Europe. ZTE tallied the highest score in four out of seven categories the Yankee Group used to measure the CDMA competitiveness of each vendor. The seven key evaluation factors were price, technology, existing installed base, product portfolio, integration capability, government support and company culture.展开更多
Coal pyrolysis gas from different ranks of coal was monitored on real time basis using photoionization mass spectroscopy. The molecular weight distribution of different products as a function of temperature from vario...Coal pyrolysis gas from different ranks of coal was monitored on real time basis using photoionization mass spectroscopy. The molecular weight distribution of different products as a function of temperature from various coal ranks studied was observed. It was noted that the release of different classes of compounds like phenols, alkenes, alkylated aromatics and aromatic skeletons was temperature dependent. For all the coal ranks at lower temperatures phenols were the main component, with alkenes and alkylated aromatics at slight higher temperatures and aromatic skeletons were released at the highest temperatures studied.展开更多
Established on June 26, 1986 by the consolidation of four former CAS subordinates (namely,the Office of Policy Research, Division of Management Science, Editorial Department of the Journal of Dialectics of Nature,... Established on June 26, 1986 by the consolidation of four former CAS subordinates (namely,the Office of Policy Research, Division of Management Science, Editorial Department of the Journal of Dialectics of Nature, and Section of Optimization and Overall Planning under the CAS Institute of Applied Mathematics), the Institute of Policy and Management (IPM), CAS, is characterized by interdisciplinary studies of social and natural sciences. It applies itself to theoretical, methodological and applied research into national strategies, policies and management for S&T development. It also provides consultancy services for government departments, local authorities and CAS on issues concerning S&T development, social and economic growth, S&T management and administration of enterprises.……展开更多
The ranks of cyclic and negacyclic codes over the finite chain ring R as well as their minimal generating sets are defined, and then the expression forms we presented by studying the structures of cyclic and negacycli...The ranks of cyclic and negacyclic codes over the finite chain ring R as well as their minimal generating sets are defined, and then the expression forms we presented by studying the structures of cyclic and negacyclic codes over the finite chain ring R. Through the paper, it is assumed that the length of codes n can not be divided by the characteristic of R.展开更多
In this paper, the maximal and minimal ranks of the solution to a system of matrix equations over H, the real quaternion algebra, were derived. A previous known result could be regarded as a special case of the new re...In this paper, the maximal and minimal ranks of the solution to a system of matrix equations over H, the real quaternion algebra, were derived. A previous known result could be regarded as a special case of the new result.展开更多
Data size plays a significant role in the design and the performance of data mining models.A good feature selection algorithm reduces the problems of big data size and noise due to data redundancy.Features selection a...Data size plays a significant role in the design and the performance of data mining models.A good feature selection algorithm reduces the problems of big data size and noise due to data redundancy.Features selection algorithms aim at selecting the best features and eliminating unnecessary ones,which in turn simplifies the structure of the data mining model as well as increases its performance.This paper introduces a robust features selection algorithm,named Features Ranking Voting Algorithm FRV.It merges the benefits of the different features selection algorithms to specify the features ranks in the dataset correctly and robustly;based on the feature ranks and voting algorithm.The FRV comprises of three different proposed techniques to select the minimum best feature set,the forward voting technique to select the best high ranks features,the backward voting technique,which drops the low ranks features(low importance feature),and the third technique merges the outputs from the forward and backward techniques to maximize the robustness of the selected features set.Different data mining models were built using obtained selected features sets from applying the proposed FVR on different datasets;to evaluate the success behavior of the proposed FRV.The high performance of these data mining models reflects the success of the proposed FRV algorithm.The FRV performance is compared with other features selection algorithms.It successes to develop data mining models for the Hungarian CAD dataset with Acc.of 96.8%,and with Acc.of 96%for the Z-Alizadeh Sani CAD dataset compared with 83.94%and 92.56%respectively in[48].展开更多
There is an international cricket governing body that ranks the expertise of all the cricket playing nations,known as the International Cricket Council(ICC).The ranking system followed by the ICC relies on the winning...There is an international cricket governing body that ranks the expertise of all the cricket playing nations,known as the International Cricket Council(ICC).The ranking system followed by the ICC relies on the winnings and defeats of the teams.The model used by the ICC to implement rankings is deficient in certain key respects.It ignores key factors like winning margin and strength of the opposition.Various measures of the ranking concept are presented in this research.The proposed methods adopt the concepts of h-Index and PageRank for presenting more comprehensive ranking metrics.The proposed approaches not only rank the teams on their losing/winning stats but also take into consideration the margin of winning and the quality of the opposition.Three cricket team ranking techniques are presented i.e.,(1)Cricket Team-Index(ct-index),(2)Cricket Team Rank(CTR)and(3)Weighted Cricket Team Rank(WCTR).The proposed metrics are validated through the collection of cricket dataset,extracted from Cricinfo,having instances for all the three formats of the game i.e.,T20 International(T20i),One Day International(ODI)and Test matches.The comparative analysis between the proposed and existing techniques,for all the three formats,is presented as well.展开更多
By the discussion of division in F2m[u]/〈u4〉,the minimal spanning set and the rank of a（1＋u＋u2）-constacyclic code with an arbitrary length N=2en over F2m[u]/〈u4〉 are determined based on the factorization of（x...By the discussion of division in F2m[u]/〈u4〉,the minimal spanning set and the rank of a（1＋u＋u2）-constacyclic code with an arbitrary length N=2en over F2m[u]/〈u4〉 are determined based on the factorization of（xn-1） over F2m.展开更多
The purpose of this note is to give a linear algebra algorithm to find out if a rank of a given tensor over a field F is at most k over the algebraic closure of F,where K is a given positive integer.We estimate the ar...The purpose of this note is to give a linear algebra algorithm to find out if a rank of a given tensor over a field F is at most k over the algebraic closure of F,where K is a given positive integer.We estimate the arithmetic complexity of our algorithm.展开更多
For any pair of integers g and n with g≥3 and 1≤n≤g,we build a 3-manifold with a distance-2,genus-g Heegaard splitting so that(1)it contains n pairwise disjoint and nonisotopic essential tori;(2)after it is cut ope...For any pair of integers g and n with g≥3 and 1≤n≤g,we build a 3-manifold with a distance-2,genus-g Heegaard splitting so that(1)it contains n pairwise disjoint and nonisotopic essential tori;(2)after it is cut open along these tori,one resulting piece is hyperbolic while the others are small Seifert fibered spaces;(3)it provides a substantial result to the rank versus genus problem.These generalize a result in Qiu and Zou(2019).展开更多
A sign pattern is a matrix whose entries axe from the set {＋,-,0}. A sign pattern is a generalized star sign pattern if it is combinatorial symmetric and its graph is a generalized star graph. The purpose of this pap...A sign pattern is a matrix whose entries axe from the set {＋,-,0}. A sign pattern is a generalized star sign pattern if it is combinatorial symmetric and its graph is a generalized star graph. The purpose of this paper is to obtain the bound of minimal rank of any generalized star sign pattern （possibly with nonzero diagonal entries）.展开更多
The encryption algorithm of finite automata (FA) public key cryptosystem is implemented by a weakly invertible finite automata (WIFA) which is composed of a nonlinear WIFA with delay 0 and a linear WIFA with delay τ....The encryption algorithm of finite automata (FA) public key cryptosystem is implemented by a weakly invertible finite automata (WIFA) which is composed of a nonlinear WIFA with delay 0 and a linear WIFA with delay τ. In this paper, we proved that such an automaton bears the same properties as the linear WIFA and the increasing ranks of the latter are key factors to affecting the former. A probabilistic algorithm is given to realize a ciphertext attack, and its complexity is analysed through the increasing ranks of the linear WIFA. The size of the parameters for safe linear WIFA is estimated.展开更多
Since the United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in 2015,global implementation has steadily advanced,yet prominent challenges persist.Progress has been uneven across regions and countries,with ...Since the United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in 2015,global implementation has steadily advanced,yet prominent challenges persist.Progress has been uneven across regions and countries,with Tajikistan representing a typical example of such disparities.Based on 81 SDG indicators for Tajikistan from 2001 to 2023,this study applied a three-level coupling network framework:at the microscale,it identified synergies and trade-offs between indicators;at the mesoscale,it examined the strength and direction of linkages within four SDG-related components(society,finance,governance,and environment);and at the global level,it focused on the overall SDG interlinkages.Spearman’s rank correlation,sliding window method,and topological properties were employed to analyze the coupling dynamics of SDGs.Results showed that over 70.00%of associations in the global SDG network were of medium-to-low intensity,alongside extremely strong ones(|r|value approached 1.00,where r is the correlation coefficient).SDG interactions were generally limited,with stable local synergy clusters in core livelihood sectors.Network modularity fluctuated,reflecting a cycle of differentiation,integration,and fragmentation,while coupling efficiency varied with the external environment.Each component exhibited distinct functional characteristics.The social component maintained high connectivity through the“poverty alleviation-education-healthcare”loop.The environmental component shifted toward coordinated eco-economic governance.The governance-related component broke interdepartmental barriers,while the financial component showed weak links between resource-based indicators and consumption/employment indicators.Tajikistan’s SDG coupling evolved through three phases:survival-oriented(2001–2012),policy integration(2013–2018),and shock adaptation(2019–2023).These phases were driven by policy changes,resource industries,governance optimization,and external factors.This study enriches the analytical framework for understanding the dynamic coupling of SDGs in mountainous resource-dependent countries and provides empirical evidence to support similar countries in formulating phase-specific SDG promotion strategies.展开更多
According to the Ministry of Education, 22 Tsinghua University disciplines were evaluated as First Category National Key Disciplines, ranking first nationwide. It is the first time for China to establish First Categor...According to the Ministry of Education, 22 Tsinghua University disciplines were evaluated as First Category National Key Disciplines, ranking first nationwide. It is the first time for China to establish First Category Key Disciplines. Among the 22 First Category National Key Disciplines, 16 disciplines are in engineering, three in science, two in management, and one in medicine. In addition, fifteen Tsinghua disciplines were evaluated as Second Category National Key Disciplines, among which, two are in engineering, one in science, nine in medicine, and three in humanities and social sciences.展开更多
As the 17th National Congress of the ruling Communist Party of China closed on October 21,a grassroots ethnic minority Party member looks at past progress and challenges facing future development
As early as on February 7,2014,the National Development and Reform Commission reviewed and formally approved to set up Panxi Strategic Resource Innovation Development Pilot Zone.Since its rare earth resource reserve r...As early as on February 7,2014,the National Development and Reform Commission reviewed and formally approved to set up Panxi Strategic Resource Innovation Development Pilot Zone.Since its rare earth resource reserve ranked second nationwide,a number of counties and districts in Liangshan Prefecture are incorporated into the Pilot Zone,and become core components of this Pilot Zone.展开更多
Let ΡΥ（X） be the semigroup of all partial transformations on X, Υ（X） and Ι（X） be the subsemigroups of ΡΥ（X） of all full transformations on X and of all injective partial transformations on X, respectivel...Let ΡΥ（X） be the semigroup of all partial transformations on X, Υ（X） and Ι（X） be the subsemigroups of ΡΥ（X） of all full transformations on X and of all injective partial transformations on X, respectively. Given a non-empty subset Y of X, let ΡΥ（X, Y） = {α∈ ΡΥ（X） ： Xα Y}, Υ（X, Y） = ΡΥ（X, Y） ∩Υ（X） and Ι（X, Y） = ΡΥ（X, Y） ∩ Ι（X）. In 2008, Sanwong and Sommanee described the largest regular subsemigroup and determined Green＇s relations of Υ（X,Y）. In this paper, we present analogous results for bothΡ Υ（X, Y） and Ι（X, Y）. For a finite set X with ｜x｜≥ 3, the ranks of ΡΥ（X） = ΡΥ（X, X）, Υ（X） = Υ（X, X） and.Ι（X） = Ι（X, X） are well known to be 4, 3 and 3, respectively. In this paper, we also compute the ranks of ΡΥ（X,Y）, Υ（X, Y） and Ι（X, Y） for any proper non-empty subset Y of X.展开更多
文摘ZTE Corporation announced on March 31, 2008 that it has been ranked second in terms of CDMA equipment competitiveness by the Yankee Group in a report entitled "ZTE Shines in CDMA Market" published by the research firm in February this year. According to the report, ZTE is the most competitive telecom vendor in China, India, emerging Asia-Pacific market, Africa and Eastern Europe. ZTE tallied the highest score in four out of seven categories the Yankee Group used to measure the CDMA competitiveness of each vendor. The seven key evaluation factors were price, technology, existing installed base, product portfolio, integration capability, government support and company culture.
文摘Coal pyrolysis gas from different ranks of coal was monitored on real time basis using photoionization mass spectroscopy. The molecular weight distribution of different products as a function of temperature from various coal ranks studied was observed. It was noted that the release of different classes of compounds like phenols, alkenes, alkylated aromatics and aromatic skeletons was temperature dependent. For all the coal ranks at lower temperatures phenols were the main component, with alkenes and alkylated aromatics at slight higher temperatures and aromatic skeletons were released at the highest temperatures studied.
文摘 Established on June 26, 1986 by the consolidation of four former CAS subordinates (namely,the Office of Policy Research, Division of Management Science, Editorial Department of the Journal of Dialectics of Nature, and Section of Optimization and Overall Planning under the CAS Institute of Applied Mathematics), the Institute of Policy and Management (IPM), CAS, is characterized by interdisciplinary studies of social and natural sciences. It applies itself to theoretical, methodological and applied research into national strategies, policies and management for S&T development. It also provides consultancy services for government departments, local authorities and CAS on issues concerning S&T development, social and economic growth, S&T management and administration of enterprises.……
基金Partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China (No.60673074)key project of Ministry of Education Science and Technology’s Research (107065).
文摘The ranks of cyclic and negacyclic codes over the finite chain ring R as well as their minimal generating sets are defined, and then the expression forms we presented by studying the structures of cyclic and negacyclic codes over the finite chain ring R. Through the paper, it is assumed that the length of codes n can not be divided by the characteristic of R.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No.60672160）
文摘In this paper, the maximal and minimal ranks of the solution to a system of matrix equations over H, the real quaternion algebra, were derived. A previous known result could be regarded as a special case of the new result.
文摘Data size plays a significant role in the design and the performance of data mining models.A good feature selection algorithm reduces the problems of big data size and noise due to data redundancy.Features selection algorithms aim at selecting the best features and eliminating unnecessary ones,which in turn simplifies the structure of the data mining model as well as increases its performance.This paper introduces a robust features selection algorithm,named Features Ranking Voting Algorithm FRV.It merges the benefits of the different features selection algorithms to specify the features ranks in the dataset correctly and robustly;based on the feature ranks and voting algorithm.The FRV comprises of three different proposed techniques to select the minimum best feature set,the forward voting technique to select the best high ranks features,the backward voting technique,which drops the low ranks features(low importance feature),and the third technique merges the outputs from the forward and backward techniques to maximize the robustness of the selected features set.Different data mining models were built using obtained selected features sets from applying the proposed FVR on different datasets;to evaluate the success behavior of the proposed FRV.The high performance of these data mining models reflects the success of the proposed FRV algorithm.The FRV performance is compared with other features selection algorithms.It successes to develop data mining models for the Hungarian CAD dataset with Acc.of 96.8%,and with Acc.of 96%for the Z-Alizadeh Sani CAD dataset compared with 83.94%and 92.56%respectively in[48].
文摘There is an international cricket governing body that ranks the expertise of all the cricket playing nations,known as the International Cricket Council(ICC).The ranking system followed by the ICC relies on the winnings and defeats of the teams.The model used by the ICC to implement rankings is deficient in certain key respects.It ignores key factors like winning margin and strength of the opposition.Various measures of the ranking concept are presented in this research.The proposed methods adopt the concepts of h-Index and PageRank for presenting more comprehensive ranking metrics.The proposed approaches not only rank the teams on their losing/winning stats but also take into consideration the margin of winning and the quality of the opposition.Three cricket team ranking techniques are presented i.e.,(1)Cricket Team-Index(ct-index),(2)Cricket Team Rank(CTR)and(3)Weighted Cricket Team Rank(WCTR).The proposed metrics are validated through the collection of cricket dataset,extracted from Cricinfo,having instances for all the three formats of the game i.e.,T20 International(T20i),One Day International(ODI)and Test matches.The comparative analysis between the proposed and existing techniques,for all the three formats,is presented as well.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(KJ2015A308,KJ2016A307,1408085QF116)Anhui Province Colleges Outstanding Young Talents Program(gxyq ZD2016389,[2014]181)the Natural Science Project of Anhui Xinhua University(2014Zr009)
文摘By the discussion of division in F2m[u]/〈u4〉,the minimal spanning set and the rank of a（1＋u＋u2）-constacyclic code with an arbitrary length N=2en over F2m[u]/〈u4〉 are determined based on the factorization of（xn-1） over F2m.
文摘The purpose of this note is to give a linear algebra algorithm to find out if a rank of a given tensor over a field F is at most k over the algebraic closure of F,where K is a given positive integer.We estimate the arithmetic complexity of our algorithm.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12131009 and 12326601)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.22DZ2229014)。
文摘For any pair of integers g and n with g≥3 and 1≤n≤g,we build a 3-manifold with a distance-2,genus-g Heegaard splitting so that(1)it contains n pairwise disjoint and nonisotopic essential tori;(2)after it is cut open along these tori,one resulting piece is hyperbolic while the others are small Seifert fibered spaces;(3)it provides a substantial result to the rank versus genus problem.These generalize a result in Qiu and Zou(2019).
基金the Shanxi Natural Science Foundation (20011006, 20041010)
文摘A sign pattern is a matrix whose entries axe from the set {＋,-,0}. A sign pattern is a generalized star sign pattern if it is combinatorial symmetric and its graph is a generalized star graph. The purpose of this paper is to obtain the bound of minimal rank of any generalized star sign pattern （possibly with nonzero diagonal entries）.
文摘The encryption algorithm of finite automata (FA) public key cryptosystem is implemented by a weakly invertible finite automata (WIFA) which is composed of a nonlinear WIFA with delay 0 and a linear WIFA with delay τ. In this paper, we proved that such an automaton bears the same properties as the linear WIFA and the increasing ranks of the latter are key factors to affecting the former. A probabilistic algorithm is given to realize a ciphertext attack, and its complexity is analysed through the increasing ranks of the linear WIFA. The size of the parameters for safe linear WIFA is estimated.
文摘Since the United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in 2015,global implementation has steadily advanced,yet prominent challenges persist.Progress has been uneven across regions and countries,with Tajikistan representing a typical example of such disparities.Based on 81 SDG indicators for Tajikistan from 2001 to 2023,this study applied a three-level coupling network framework:at the microscale,it identified synergies and trade-offs between indicators;at the mesoscale,it examined the strength and direction of linkages within four SDG-related components(society,finance,governance,and environment);and at the global level,it focused on the overall SDG interlinkages.Spearman’s rank correlation,sliding window method,and topological properties were employed to analyze the coupling dynamics of SDGs.Results showed that over 70.00%of associations in the global SDG network were of medium-to-low intensity,alongside extremely strong ones(|r|value approached 1.00,where r is the correlation coefficient).SDG interactions were generally limited,with stable local synergy clusters in core livelihood sectors.Network modularity fluctuated,reflecting a cycle of differentiation,integration,and fragmentation,while coupling efficiency varied with the external environment.Each component exhibited distinct functional characteristics.The social component maintained high connectivity through the“poverty alleviation-education-healthcare”loop.The environmental component shifted toward coordinated eco-economic governance.The governance-related component broke interdepartmental barriers,while the financial component showed weak links between resource-based indicators and consumption/employment indicators.Tajikistan’s SDG coupling evolved through three phases:survival-oriented(2001–2012),policy integration(2013–2018),and shock adaptation(2019–2023).These phases were driven by policy changes,resource industries,governance optimization,and external factors.This study enriches the analytical framework for understanding the dynamic coupling of SDGs in mountainous resource-dependent countries and provides empirical evidence to support similar countries in formulating phase-specific SDG promotion strategies.
文摘According to the Ministry of Education, 22 Tsinghua University disciplines were evaluated as First Category National Key Disciplines, ranking first nationwide. It is the first time for China to establish First Category Key Disciplines. Among the 22 First Category National Key Disciplines, 16 disciplines are in engineering, three in science, two in management, and one in medicine. In addition, fifteen Tsinghua disciplines were evaluated as Second Category National Key Disciplines, among which, two are in engineering, one in science, nine in medicine, and three in humanities and social sciences.
文摘As the 17th National Congress of the ruling Communist Party of China closed on October 21,a grassroots ethnic minority Party member looks at past progress and challenges facing future development
文摘As early as on February 7,2014,the National Development and Reform Commission reviewed and formally approved to set up Panxi Strategic Resource Innovation Development Pilot Zone.Since its rare earth resource reserve ranked second nationwide,a number of counties and districts in Liangshan Prefecture are incorporated into the Pilot Zone,and become core components of this Pilot Zone.
文摘Let ΡΥ（X） be the semigroup of all partial transformations on X, Υ（X） and Ι（X） be the subsemigroups of ΡΥ（X） of all full transformations on X and of all injective partial transformations on X, respectively. Given a non-empty subset Y of X, let ΡΥ（X, Y） = {α∈ ΡΥ（X） ： Xα Y}, Υ（X, Y） = ΡΥ（X, Y） ∩Υ（X） and Ι（X, Y） = ΡΥ（X, Y） ∩ Ι（X）. In 2008, Sanwong and Sommanee described the largest regular subsemigroup and determined Green＇s relations of Υ（X,Y）. In this paper, we present analogous results for bothΡ Υ（X, Y） and Ι（X, Y）. For a finite set X with ｜x｜≥ 3, the ranks of ΡΥ（X） = ΡΥ（X, X）, Υ（X） = Υ（X, X） and.Ι（X） = Ι（X, X） are well known to be 4, 3 and 3, respectively. In this paper, we also compute the ranks of ΡΥ（X,Y）, Υ（X, Y） and Ι（X, Y） for any proper non-empty subset Y of X.
