Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） is a very useful feature for differentiating vegetation and non-vegetation in remote sensed imagery. In the light of the function of NDVI and the spatial patterns of the...Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） is a very useful feature for differentiating vegetation and non-vegetation in remote sensed imagery. In the light of the function of NDVI and the spatial patterns of the vegetation landscapes, we proposed the lacunarity texture derived from NDVI to characterize the spatial patterns of vegetation landscapes concerning the ＂gappiness＂ or ＂emptiness＂ characteristics. The NDVI-based lacunarity texture was incorporated into object-oriented classification for improving the identification of vegetation categories, especially Torreya which was the targeted tree species in the present research. A three-level hierarchical network of image objects was defined and the proposed texture was integrated as potential sources of information in the rules base. A knowledge base of rules created by classifier C5.0 indicated that the texture could potentially be applied in object-oriented classification. It was found that the addition of such texture improved the identification of every vegetation category. The results demonstrated that the texture could characterize the spatial patterns of vegetation structures, which could be a promising approach for vegetation identification.展开更多
Heavy-duty machine tools are composed of many subsystems with different functions,and their reliability is governed by the reliabilities of these subsystems.It is important to rank the weaknesses of subsystems and ide...Heavy-duty machine tools are composed of many subsystems with different functions,and their reliability is governed by the reliabilities of these subsystems.It is important to rank the weaknesses of subsystems and identify the weakest subsystem to optimize products and improve their reliabilities.However,traditional ranking methods based on failure mode effect and critical analysis(FMECA)does not consider the complex maintenance of products.Herein,a weakness ranking method for the subsystems of heavy-duty machine tools is proposed based on generalized FMECA information.In this method,eight reliability indexes,including maintainability and maintenance cost,are considered in the generalized FMECA information.Subsequently,the cognition best worst method is used to calculate the weight of each screened index,and the weaknesses of the subsystems are ranked using a technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution.Finally,based on the failure data collected from certain domestic heavy-duty horizontal lathes,the weakness ranking result of the subsystems is obtained to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.An improved weakness ranking method that can comprehensively analyze and identify weak subsystems is proposed herein for designing and improving the reliability of complex electromechanical products.展开更多
From a perspective of theoretical study, there are some faults in the models of the existing object-oriented programming languages. For example, C# does not support metaclasses, the primitive types of Java and C# are ...From a perspective of theoretical study, there are some faults in the models of the existing object-oriented programming languages. For example, C# does not support metaclasses, the primitive types of Java and C# are not objects, etc. So, this paper designs a programming language, Shrek, which integrates many language features and constructions in a compact and consistent model. The Shrek language is a class-based purely object-oriented language. It has a dynamical strong type system, and adopts a single-inheritance mechanism with Mixin as its complement. It has a consistent class instantiation and inheritance structure, and the ability of intercessive structural computational reflection, which enables it to support safe metaclass programming. It also supports multi-thread programming and automatic garbage collection, and enforces its expressive power by adopting a native method mechanism. The prototype system of the Shrek language is implemented and anticipated design goals are achieved.展开更多
It is crucial to conduct the land use/cover research to obtain the global change information.Urban area is one of the most sensitive areas in land use/cover change.Therefore land use/cover change in urban areas is ver...It is crucial to conduct the land use/cover research to obtain the global change information.Urban area is one of the most sensitive areas in land use/cover change.Therefore land use/cover change in urban areas is very im-portant in global change.It is vital to incorporate the information of urban land use/cover change into the process of decision-making about urban area development.In this paper,a new urban change detection approach,urban dynamic monitoring based on objects,is introduced.This approach includes four steps:1)producing multi-scale objects from multi-temporal remotely sensed images with spectrum,texture and context information;2)extracting possible changed objects adopting object-oriented classification;3)obtaining shared objects as the basic units for urban change detection;4)determining the threshold to segment the changed objects from the possible changed objects using Otsu method.In this paper,the object-based approach was applied to detecting the urban expansion in Haidian District,Beijing,China with two Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM)data in 1997 and 2004.The results indicated that the overall accuracy was about 84.83%,and Kappa about 0.785.Compared with other conventional approaches,the object-based approach was advantageous in reducing the error accumulation of image classification of each datum and in independence to the radiometric correction and image registration accuracy.展开更多
With the fast growth of Chinese economic, more and more capital will be invested in environmental projects. How to select the environmental investment projects （alternatives） for obtaining the best environmental qua...With the fast growth of Chinese economic, more and more capital will be invested in environmental projects. How to select the environmental investment projects （alternatives） for obtaining the best environmental quality and economic benefits is an important problem for the decision makers. The purpose of this paper is to develop a decision-making model to rank a finite number of alternatives with several and sometimes conflicting criteria. A model for ranking the projects of municipal sewage treatment plants is proposed by using exports＇ information and the data of the real projects. And, the ranking result is given based on the PROMETHEE method. Furthermore, by means of the concept of the weight stability intervals （WSI）, the sensitivity of the ranking results to the size of criteria values and the change of weights value of criteria are discussed. The result shows that some criteria, such as “proportion of benefit to project cost”, will influence the ranking result of alternatives very strong while others not. The influence are not only from the value of criterion but also from the changing the weight of criterion. So, some criteria such as “proportion of benefit to project cost” are key critera for ranking the projects. Decision makers must be cautious to them.展开更多
This paper introduces an optimization method(SCE-SR)that combines shuffled complex evolution(SCE)and stochastic ranking(SR)to solve constrained reservoir scheduling problems,ranking individuals with both objectives an...This paper introduces an optimization method(SCE-SR)that combines shuffled complex evolution(SCE)and stochastic ranking(SR)to solve constrained reservoir scheduling problems,ranking individuals with both objectives and constrains considered.A specialized strategy is used in the evolution process to ensure that the optimal results are feasible individuals.This method is suitable for handling multiple conflicting constraints,and is easy to implement,requiring little parameter tuning.The search properties of the method are ensured through the combination of deterministic and probabilistic approaches.The proposed SCE-SR was tested against hydropower scheduling problems of a single reservoir and a multi-reservoir system,and its performance is compared with that of two classical methods(the dynamic programming and genetic algorithm).The results show that the SCE-SR method is an effective and efficient method for optimizing hydropower generation and locating feasible regions quickly,with sufficient global convergence properties and robustness.The operation schedules obtained satisfy the basic scheduling requirements of reservoirs.展开更多
In this paper, based on simulated annealing a new method to rank important nodes in complex networks is presented.First, the concept of an importance sequence（IS） to describe the relative importance of nodes in comp...In this paper, based on simulated annealing a new method to rank important nodes in complex networks is presented.First, the concept of an importance sequence（IS） to describe the relative importance of nodes in complex networks is defined. Then, a measure used to evaluate the reasonability of an IS is designed. By comparing an IS and the measure of its reasonability to a state of complex networks and the energy of the state, respectively, the method finds the ground state of complex networks by simulated annealing. In other words, the method can construct a most reasonable IS. The results of experiments on real and artificial networks show that this ranking method not only is effective but also can be applied to different kinds of complex networks.展开更多
The design of finite element analysis program using object-oriented programming (OOP) techniques is presented. The objects, classes and the subclasses used in the programming are explained. The system of classes libra...The design of finite element analysis program using object-oriented programming (OOP) techniques is presented. The objects, classes and the subclasses used in the programming are explained. The system of classes library of finite element analysis program and Windows-type Graphical User Interfaces by VC + + and its MFC are developed. The reliability, reusability and extensibility of program are enhanced. It is a reference to develop the large-scale, versatile and powerful systems of object-oriented finite element software.展开更多
This paper describes the object-oriented implementational method of finite element structural analysis, gives the basic concepts of the object-oriented method and objectoriented programming, develops a complete class ...This paper describes the object-oriented implementational method of finite element structural analysis, gives the basic concepts of the object-oriented method and objectoriented programming, develops a complete class hierarchy structure of object-oriented finite element structural analysis, and gives a part C+ + code description.展开更多
This paper proposes and illustrates an AI embedded object-oriented methodology to formulate the computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. In this framework, a CGE model is viewed as a collection of objects embedd...This paper proposes and illustrates an AI embedded object-oriented methodology to formulate the computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. In this framework, a CGE model is viewed as a collection of objects embedded AI or namely agents in computer world, corresponding to economic agents and entities in real world, such as government, households, markets and so on. A frame representation of major objects in CGE model is used for trade and environment. Embedded Al object-oriented approach (or software agent) is used in the CGE model representation can able to narrow the gap among the semantic representation, formal CGE (mathematical) representation and computer and algorithm representation, and to improve CGE in understanding and maintenance etc. In such a system, constructing a CGE model to appear an intuitive process rather than an abstract process. This intuitive process needs more understanding of the substance of economics and the logic underlying the problem rather than mathematical notation.展开更多
An object-oriented approach is taken to the problem of formulating portable, easy-to-modify PDE solvers for realistic problems in three space dimensions. The resulting software library, Cogito, contains tools for writ...An object-oriented approach is taken to the problem of formulating portable, easy-to-modify PDE solvers for realistic problems in three space dimensions. The resulting software library, Cogito, contains tools for writing programs to be executed on MIMD computers with distributed memory. Difference methods on composite, structured grids are supported. Most of the Cogito classes have been implemented in Fortran 77, in such a way that the object-oriented design is visible. With respect to parallel performance, these tools yield code that is comparable to parallel solvers written in plain Fortran 77. The resulting programs are can be executed without modification on a large number of multicomputer platforms, and also on serial computers. The uppermost level of abstraction in Cogito concerns the problem of decoupling the numerical method from the PDE problem. The validity of these tools has been preliminarily demonstrated with a C++ implementation for one-dimensional problems.展开更多
Object-oriented model possesses inherent concurrency. Integration of concurrency and object-orientation is a promising new field. MPI is a message-passing standard and has been adopted by more and more systems. This p...Object-oriented model possesses inherent concurrency. Integration of concurrency and object-orientation is a promising new field. MPI is a message-passing standard and has been adopted by more and more systems. This paper proposes a novel approach to realize concurrent object-oriented programming based on Message-passing interface(MPI) in which future method communication is adopted between concurrent objects. A state behavior set is proposed to solve inheritance anomaly, and a bounded buffer is taken as an example to illustrate this proposal. The definition of ParaMPI class, which is the most important class in the concurrent class library, and implementation issues are briefly described.展开更多
Assuming seismic data in a suitable domain is low rank while missing traces or noises increase the rank of the data matrix,the rank⁃reduced methods have been applied successfully for seismic interpolation and denoisin...Assuming seismic data in a suitable domain is low rank while missing traces or noises increase the rank of the data matrix,the rank⁃reduced methods have been applied successfully for seismic interpolation and denoising.These rank⁃reduced methods mainly include Cadzow reconstruction that uses eigen decomposition of the Hankel matrix in the f⁃x(frequency⁃spatial)domain,and nuclear⁃norm minimization(NNM)based on rigorous optimization theory on matrix completion(MC).In this paper,a low patch⁃rank MC is proposed with a random⁃overlapped texture⁃patch mapping for interpolation of regularly missing traces in a three⁃dimensional(3D)seismic volume.The random overlap plays a simple but important role to make the low⁃rank method effective for aliased data.It shifts the regular column missing of data matrix to random point missing in the mapped matrix,where the missing data increase the rank thus the classic low⁃rank MC theory works.Unlike the Hankel matrix based rank⁃reduced method,the proposed method does not assume a superposition of linear events,but assumes the data have repeated texture patterns.Such data lead to a low⁃rank matrix after the proposed texture⁃patch mapping.Thus the methods can interpolate the waveforms with varying dips in space.A fast low⁃rank factorization method and an orthogonal rank⁃one matrix pursuit method are applied to solve the presented interpolation model.The former avoids the singular value decomposition(SVD)computation and the latter only needs to compute the large singular values during iterations.The two fast algorithms are suitable for large⁃scale data.Simple averaging realizations of several results from different random⁃overlapped texture⁃patch mappings can further increase the reconstructed signal⁃to⁃noise ratio(SNR).Examples on synthetic data and field data are provided to show successful performance of the presented method.展开更多
The output of the fuzzy set is reduced by one for the defuzzification procedure.It is employed to provide a comprehensible outcome from a fuzzy inference process.This page provides further information about the defuzzi...The output of the fuzzy set is reduced by one for the defuzzification procedure.It is employed to provide a comprehensible outcome from a fuzzy inference process.This page provides further information about the defuzzifica-tion approach for quadrilateral fuzzy numbers,which may be used to convert them into discrete values.Defuzzification demonstrates how useful fuzzy ranking systems can be.Our major purpose is to develop a new ranking method for gen-eralized quadrilateral fuzzy numbers.The primary objective of the research is to provide a novel approach to the accurate evaluation of various kinds of fuzzy inte-gers.Fuzzy ranking properties are examined.Using the counterexamples of Lee and Chen demonstrates the fallacy of the ranking technique.So,a new approach has been developed for dealing with fuzzy risk analysis,risk management,indus-trial engineering and optimization,medicine,and artificial intelligence problems:the generalized quadrilateral form fuzzy number utilizing centroid methodology.As you can see,the aforementioned scenarios are all amenable to the solution pro-vided by the generalized quadrilateral shape fuzzy number utilizing centroid methodology.It’s laid out in a straightforward manner that’s easy to grasp for everyone.The rating method is explained in detail,along with numerical exam-ples to illustrate it.Last but not least,stability evaluations clarify why the Gener-alized quadrilateral shape fuzzy number obtained by the centroid methodology outperforms other ranking methods.展开更多
Automated operation and artificial intelligence technology have become essential for ensuring the safety, efficiency, and punctuality of railways, with applications such as ATO (Automatic Train Operation). In this stu...Automated operation and artificial intelligence technology have become essential for ensuring the safety, efficiency, and punctuality of railways, with applications such as ATO (Automatic Train Operation). In this study, the authors propose a method to efficiently simulate the kinematic characteristics of railroad vehicles depending on their speed zone. They utilized the function overloading function supported by a programming language and applied the fourth-order Lunge-Kutta method for dynamic simulation. By constructing an object model, the authors calculated vehicle characteristics and TPS and compared them with actual values, verifying that the developed model represents the real-life vehicle characteristics accurately. The study highlights potential improvements in automated driving and energy consumption optimization in the railway industry.展开更多
Recently an object-oriented approach has been applied in the fields of finite element analysis with a view to treating the various complexities within these. It has been demonstrated that finite element software desig...Recently an object-oriented approach has been applied in the fields of finite element analysis with a view to treating the various complexities within these. It has been demonstrated that finite element software designed using an object-oriented approach can be significantly more robust than traditional codes. This paper describes a special kind of implementation of object-oriented programming which is rather hybrid in nature, in the development of a finite element code for engineering analysis of metal working problems using C++, and discusses the advantages of this approach.展开更多
Objective:Existing research mainly relies on quantitative indicators.However,the subjectivity of qualitative indicators and the problem of their difficulty in quantification limit the comprehensiveness of evaluation.T...Objective:Existing research mainly relies on quantitative indicators.However,the subjectivity of qualitative indicators and the problem of their difficulty in quantification limit the comprehensiveness of evaluation.Therefore,a resilience supplier evaluation method based on the improved Z-number-ORESTE is proposed.Methods:Through the construction of a multi-tiered evaluation index system incorporating supplier capabilities,resources,strategic aspects,and resilience,Z-numbers are harnessed to signify qualitative indicators.An advanced Z-number distance metric is implemented,meticulously considering the impact exerted by the reliability portion of Z-numbers on information risk.The refined ORESTE ranking algorithm introduces the concepts of strong and weak orderings and capitalizes on the Borda assignment function.This approach facilitates a more precise appraisal of the performance of alternative solutions.By amalgamating the improved Z-number distance measurement approach with the ORESTE ranking methodology for multi-attribute decision-making,it becomes feasible to more efficiently assess the recovery capacities and adaptability of suppliers in the face of unforeseen incidents and risks.Results:Through the analysis of the comprehensive performance of the existing suppliers of a certain electronics enterprise,the results regarding the suppliers’recovery capabilities and adaptability when facing unexpected events and risks are obtained.Eventually,the suppliers that are in line with the long-term development strategy of the enterprise are selected.Conclusion:This evaluation system has verified its feasibility and effectiveness.Moreover,the system is capable of effectively identifying and selecting resilient suppliers,providing more reliable decision-making support for the enterprise’s supply chain management.展开更多
An integrated approach is proposed to investigate the fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making （MADM） problems, where subjective preferences are expressed by a pairwise comparison matrix on the relative weights of attr...An integrated approach is proposed to investigate the fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making （MADM） problems, where subjective preferences are expressed by a pairwise comparison matrix on the relative weights of attributes and objective information is expressed by a decision matrix. An eigenvector method integrated the subjective fuzzy preference matrix and objective information is proposed. Two linear programming models based on subjective and objective information are introduced to assess the relative importance weights of attributes in an MADM problem. The simple additive weighting method is utilized to aggregate the decision information, and then all the alternatives are ranked. Finally, a numerical example is given to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the method. The result shows that it is easier than other methods of integrating subjective and objective information.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30671212)
文摘Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） is a very useful feature for differentiating vegetation and non-vegetation in remote sensed imagery. In the light of the function of NDVI and the spatial patterns of the vegetation landscapes, we proposed the lacunarity texture derived from NDVI to characterize the spatial patterns of vegetation landscapes concerning the ＂gappiness＂ or ＂emptiness＂ characteristics. The NDVI-based lacunarity texture was incorporated into object-oriented classification for improving the identification of vegetation categories, especially Torreya which was the targeted tree species in the present research. A three-level hierarchical network of image objects was defined and the proposed texture was integrated as potential sources of information in the rules base. A knowledge base of rules created by classifier C5.0 indicated that the texture could potentially be applied in object-oriented classification. It was found that the addition of such texture improved the identification of every vegetation category. The results demonstrated that the texture could characterize the spatial patterns of vegetation structures, which could be a promising approach for vegetation identification.
基金Supported by National Nat ural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51675227,51975249)Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Funds(Grant Nos.20180201007GX,20190302017GX)+2 种基金Technology Development and Research of Jilin Province(Grant No.2019C037-01)Changchun Science and Technology Planning Project(Grant No.19SS011)National Science and technology Major Project(Grant No.2014ZX04015031).
文摘Heavy-duty machine tools are composed of many subsystems with different functions,and their reliability is governed by the reliabilities of these subsystems.It is important to rank the weaknesses of subsystems and identify the weakest subsystem to optimize products and improve their reliabilities.However,traditional ranking methods based on failure mode effect and critical analysis(FMECA)does not consider the complex maintenance of products.Herein,a weakness ranking method for the subsystems of heavy-duty machine tools is proposed based on generalized FMECA information.In this method,eight reliability indexes,including maintainability and maintenance cost,are considered in the generalized FMECA information.Subsequently,the cognition best worst method is used to calculate the weight of each screened index,and the weaknesses of the subsystems are ranked using a technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution.Finally,based on the failure data collected from certain domestic heavy-duty horizontal lathes,the weakness ranking result of the subsystems is obtained to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.An improved weakness ranking method that can comprehensively analyze and identify weak subsystems is proposed herein for designing and improving the reliability of complex electromechanical products.
基金The National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (No.60425206)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60633010)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK2006094)
文摘From a perspective of theoretical study, there are some faults in the models of the existing object-oriented programming languages. For example, C# does not support metaclasses, the primitive types of Java and C# are not objects, etc. So, this paper designs a programming language, Shrek, which integrates many language features and constructions in a compact and consistent model. The Shrek language is a class-based purely object-oriented language. It has a dynamical strong type system, and adopts a single-inheritance mechanism with Mixin as its complement. It has a consistent class instantiation and inheritance structure, and the ability of intercessive structural computational reflection, which enables it to support safe metaclass programming. It also supports multi-thread programming and automatic garbage collection, and enforces its expressive power by adopting a native method mechanism. The prototype system of the Shrek language is implemented and anticipated design goals are achieved.
基金Under the auspices of the National High Technology ResearchDevelopment Program of China(No.2003AA132020)
文摘It is crucial to conduct the land use/cover research to obtain the global change information.Urban area is one of the most sensitive areas in land use/cover change.Therefore land use/cover change in urban areas is very im-portant in global change.It is vital to incorporate the information of urban land use/cover change into the process of decision-making about urban area development.In this paper,a new urban change detection approach,urban dynamic monitoring based on objects,is introduced.This approach includes four steps:1)producing multi-scale objects from multi-temporal remotely sensed images with spectrum,texture and context information;2)extracting possible changed objects adopting object-oriented classification;3)obtaining shared objects as the basic units for urban change detection;4)determining the threshold to segment the changed objects from the possible changed objects using Otsu method.In this paper,the object-based approach was applied to detecting the urban expansion in Haidian District,Beijing,China with two Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM)data in 1997 and 2004.The results indicated that the overall accuracy was about 84.83%,and Kappa about 0.785.Compared with other conventional approaches,the object-based approach was advantageous in reducing the error accumulation of image classification of each datum and in independence to the radiometric correction and image registration accuracy.
基金Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (T0502)Shanghai Municipal Educational Commission Project (05EZ32).
文摘With the fast growth of Chinese economic, more and more capital will be invested in environmental projects. How to select the environmental investment projects （alternatives） for obtaining the best environmental quality and economic benefits is an important problem for the decision makers. The purpose of this paper is to develop a decision-making model to rank a finite number of alternatives with several and sometimes conflicting criteria. A model for ranking the projects of municipal sewage treatment plants is proposed by using exports＇ information and the data of the real projects. And, the ranking result is given based on the PROMETHEE method. Furthermore, by means of the concept of the weight stability intervals （WSI）, the sensitivity of the ranking results to the size of criteria values and the change of weights value of criteria are discussed. The result shows that some criteria, such as “proportion of benefit to project cost”, will influence the ranking result of alternatives very strong while others not. The influence are not only from the value of criterion but also from the changing the weight of criterion. So, some criteria such as “proportion of benefit to project cost” are key critera for ranking the projects. Decision makers must be cautious to them.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0401702)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2018B11214)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.51379059 and 51579002)
文摘This paper introduces an optimization method(SCE-SR)that combines shuffled complex evolution(SCE)and stochastic ranking(SR)to solve constrained reservoir scheduling problems,ranking individuals with both objectives and constrains considered.A specialized strategy is used in the evolution process to ensure that the optimal results are feasible individuals.This method is suitable for handling multiple conflicting constraints,and is easy to implement,requiring little parameter tuning.The search properties of the method are ensured through the combination of deterministic and probabilistic approaches.The proposed SCE-SR was tested against hydropower scheduling problems of a single reservoir and a multi-reservoir system,and its performance is compared with that of two classical methods(the dynamic programming and genetic algorithm).The results show that the SCE-SR method is an effective and efficient method for optimizing hydropower generation and locating feasible regions quickly,with sufficient global convergence properties and robustness.The operation schedules obtained satisfy the basic scheduling requirements of reservoirs.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61573017)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China(Grant No.2016JQ6062)
文摘In this paper, based on simulated annealing a new method to rank important nodes in complex networks is presented.First, the concept of an importance sequence（IS） to describe the relative importance of nodes in complex networks is defined. Then, a measure used to evaluate the reasonability of an IS is designed. By comparing an IS and the measure of its reasonability to a state of complex networks and the energy of the state, respectively, the method finds the ground state of complex networks by simulated annealing. In other words, the method can construct a most reasonable IS. The results of experiments on real and artificial networks show that this ranking method not only is effective but also can be applied to different kinds of complex networks.
文摘The design of finite element analysis program using object-oriented programming (OOP) techniques is presented. The objects, classes and the subclasses used in the programming are explained. The system of classes library of finite element analysis program and Windows-type Graphical User Interfaces by VC + + and its MFC are developed. The reliability, reusability and extensibility of program are enhanced. It is a reference to develop the large-scale, versatile and powerful systems of object-oriented finite element software.
文摘This paper describes the object-oriented implementational method of finite element structural analysis, gives the basic concepts of the object-oriented method and objectoriented programming, develops a complete class hierarchy structure of object-oriented finite element structural analysis, and gives a part C+ + code description.
文摘This paper proposes and illustrates an AI embedded object-oriented methodology to formulate the computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. In this framework, a CGE model is viewed as a collection of objects embedded AI or namely agents in computer world, corresponding to economic agents and entities in real world, such as government, households, markets and so on. A frame representation of major objects in CGE model is used for trade and environment. Embedded Al object-oriented approach (or software agent) is used in the CGE model representation can able to narrow the gap among the semantic representation, formal CGE (mathematical) representation and computer and algorithm representation, and to improve CGE in understanding and maintenance etc. In such a system, constructing a CGE model to appear an intuitive process rather than an abstract process. This intuitive process needs more understanding of the substance of economics and the logic underlying the problem rather than mathematical notation.
文摘An object-oriented approach is taken to the problem of formulating portable, easy-to-modify PDE solvers for realistic problems in three space dimensions. The resulting software library, Cogito, contains tools for writing programs to be executed on MIMD computers with distributed memory. Difference methods on composite, structured grids are supported. Most of the Cogito classes have been implemented in Fortran 77, in such a way that the object-oriented design is visible. With respect to parallel performance, these tools yield code that is comparable to parallel solvers written in plain Fortran 77. The resulting programs are can be executed without modification on a large number of multicomputer platforms, and also on serial computers. The uppermost level of abstraction in Cogito concerns the problem of decoupling the numerical method from the PDE problem. The validity of these tools has been preliminarily demonstrated with a C++ implementation for one-dimensional problems.
文摘Object-oriented model possesses inherent concurrency. Integration of concurrency and object-orientation is a promising new field. MPI is a message-passing standard and has been adopted by more and more systems. This paper proposes a novel approach to realize concurrent object-oriented programming based on Message-passing interface(MPI) in which future method communication is adopted between concurrent objects. A state behavior set is proposed to solve inheritance anomaly, and a bounded buffer is taken as an example to illustrate this proposal. The definition of ParaMPI class, which is the most important class in the concurrent class library, and implementation issues are briefly described.
文摘Assuming seismic data in a suitable domain is low rank while missing traces or noises increase the rank of the data matrix,the rank⁃reduced methods have been applied successfully for seismic interpolation and denoising.These rank⁃reduced methods mainly include Cadzow reconstruction that uses eigen decomposition of the Hankel matrix in the f⁃x(frequency⁃spatial)domain,and nuclear⁃norm minimization(NNM)based on rigorous optimization theory on matrix completion(MC).In this paper,a low patch⁃rank MC is proposed with a random⁃overlapped texture⁃patch mapping for interpolation of regularly missing traces in a three⁃dimensional(3D)seismic volume.The random overlap plays a simple but important role to make the low⁃rank method effective for aliased data.It shifts the regular column missing of data matrix to random point missing in the mapped matrix,where the missing data increase the rank thus the classic low⁃rank MC theory works.Unlike the Hankel matrix based rank⁃reduced method,the proposed method does not assume a superposition of linear events,but assumes the data have repeated texture patterns.Such data lead to a low⁃rank matrix after the proposed texture⁃patch mapping.Thus the methods can interpolate the waveforms with varying dips in space.A fast low⁃rank factorization method and an orthogonal rank⁃one matrix pursuit method are applied to solve the presented interpolation model.The former avoids the singular value decomposition(SVD)computation and the latter only needs to compute the large singular values during iterations.The two fast algorithms are suitable for large⁃scale data.Simple averaging realizations of several results from different random⁃overlapped texture⁃patch mappings can further increase the reconstructed signal⁃to⁃noise ratio(SNR).Examples on synthetic data and field data are provided to show successful performance of the presented method.
文摘The output of the fuzzy set is reduced by one for the defuzzification procedure.It is employed to provide a comprehensible outcome from a fuzzy inference process.This page provides further information about the defuzzifica-tion approach for quadrilateral fuzzy numbers,which may be used to convert them into discrete values.Defuzzification demonstrates how useful fuzzy ranking systems can be.Our major purpose is to develop a new ranking method for gen-eralized quadrilateral fuzzy numbers.The primary objective of the research is to provide a novel approach to the accurate evaluation of various kinds of fuzzy inte-gers.Fuzzy ranking properties are examined.Using the counterexamples of Lee and Chen demonstrates the fallacy of the ranking technique.So,a new approach has been developed for dealing with fuzzy risk analysis,risk management,indus-trial engineering and optimization,medicine,and artificial intelligence problems:the generalized quadrilateral form fuzzy number utilizing centroid methodology.As you can see,the aforementioned scenarios are all amenable to the solution pro-vided by the generalized quadrilateral shape fuzzy number utilizing centroid methodology.It’s laid out in a straightforward manner that’s easy to grasp for everyone.The rating method is explained in detail,along with numerical exam-ples to illustrate it.Last but not least,stability evaluations clarify why the Gener-alized quadrilateral shape fuzzy number obtained by the centroid methodology outperforms other ranking methods.
文摘Automated operation and artificial intelligence technology have become essential for ensuring the safety, efficiency, and punctuality of railways, with applications such as ATO (Automatic Train Operation). In this study, the authors propose a method to efficiently simulate the kinematic characteristics of railroad vehicles depending on their speed zone. They utilized the function overloading function supported by a programming language and applied the fourth-order Lunge-Kutta method for dynamic simulation. By constructing an object model, the authors calculated vehicle characteristics and TPS and compared them with actual values, verifying that the developed model represents the real-life vehicle characteristics accurately. The study highlights potential improvements in automated driving and energy consumption optimization in the railway industry.
文摘Recently an object-oriented approach has been applied in the fields of finite element analysis with a view to treating the various complexities within these. It has been demonstrated that finite element software designed using an object-oriented approach can be significantly more robust than traditional codes. This paper describes a special kind of implementation of object-oriented programming which is rather hybrid in nature, in the development of a finite element code for engineering analysis of metal working problems using C++, and discusses the advantages of this approach.
文摘Objective:Existing research mainly relies on quantitative indicators.However,the subjectivity of qualitative indicators and the problem of their difficulty in quantification limit the comprehensiveness of evaluation.Therefore,a resilience supplier evaluation method based on the improved Z-number-ORESTE is proposed.Methods:Through the construction of a multi-tiered evaluation index system incorporating supplier capabilities,resources,strategic aspects,and resilience,Z-numbers are harnessed to signify qualitative indicators.An advanced Z-number distance metric is implemented,meticulously considering the impact exerted by the reliability portion of Z-numbers on information risk.The refined ORESTE ranking algorithm introduces the concepts of strong and weak orderings and capitalizes on the Borda assignment function.This approach facilitates a more precise appraisal of the performance of alternative solutions.By amalgamating the improved Z-number distance measurement approach with the ORESTE ranking methodology for multi-attribute decision-making,it becomes feasible to more efficiently assess the recovery capacities and adaptability of suppliers in the face of unforeseen incidents and risks.Results:Through the analysis of the comprehensive performance of the existing suppliers of a certain electronics enterprise,the results regarding the suppliers’recovery capabilities and adaptability when facing unexpected events and risks are obtained.Eventually,the suppliers that are in line with the long-term development strategy of the enterprise are selected.Conclusion:This evaluation system has verified its feasibility and effectiveness.Moreover,the system is capable of effectively identifying and selecting resilient suppliers,providing more reliable decision-making support for the enterprise’s supply chain management.
文摘An integrated approach is proposed to investigate the fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making （MADM） problems, where subjective preferences are expressed by a pairwise comparison matrix on the relative weights of attributes and objective information is expressed by a decision matrix. An eigenvector method integrated the subjective fuzzy preference matrix and objective information is proposed. Two linear programming models based on subjective and objective information are introduced to assess the relative importance weights of attributes in an MADM problem. The simple additive weighting method is utilized to aggregate the decision information, and then all the alternatives are ranked. Finally, a numerical example is given to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the method. The result shows that it is easier than other methods of integrating subjective and objective information.
