The advent of 5G technology has significantly enhanced the transmission of images over networks,expanding data accessibility and exposure across various applications in digital technology and social media.Consequently...The advent of 5G technology has significantly enhanced the transmission of images over networks,expanding data accessibility and exposure across various applications in digital technology and social media.Consequently,the protection of sensitive data has become increasingly critical.Regardless of the complexity of the encryption algorithm used,a robust and highly secure encryption key is essential,with randomness and key space being crucial factors.This paper proposes a new Robust Deoxyribonucleic Acid(RDNA)nucleotide-based encryption method.The RDNA encryption method leverages the unique properties of DNA nucleotides,including their inherent randomness and extensive key space,to generate a highly secure encryption key.By employing transposition and substitution operations,the RDNA method ensures significant diffusion and confusion in the encrypted images.Additionally,it utilises a pseudorandom generation technique based on the random sequence of nucleotides in the DNA secret key.The performance of the RDNA encryption method is evaluated through various statistical and visual tests,and compared against established encryption methods such as 3DES,AES,and a DNA-based method.Experimental results demonstrate that the RDNA encryption method outperforms its rivals in the literature,and achieves superior performance in terms of information entropy,avalanche effect,encryption execution time,and correlation reduction,while maintaining competitive values for NMAE,PSNR,NPCR,and UACI.The high degree of randomness and sensitivity to key changes inherent in the RDNA method offers enhanced security,making it highly resistant to brute force and differential attacks.展开更多
In this work,we investigate disordered Dirac fermions from the perspective of quantum entanglement,which provides a different angle compared to the ordinary perturbative renormalization group(RG)analysis.We consider D...In this work,we investigate disordered Dirac fermions from the perspective of quantum entanglement,which provides a different angle compared to the ordinary perturbative renormalization group(RG)analysis.We consider Dirac fermions subjected to random hopping and random flux,which respectively fall into the chiral Gaussian orthogonal ensemble(cGOE)and chiral Gaussian unitary ensemble(cGUE)universality classes.Existing studies based on perturbative calculations suggest that both types of randomness are marginal.Here,through numerical simulations of the corresponding lattice models,we find that these two different types of randomness exhibit distinct entanglement features,signaling completely different properties in contrast to the perturbative RG analysis.In particular,although the entropy area-law is generally held for both types of randomness,we identify that the subleading term of the entanglement entropy is enhanced by random flux but not by random hopping.This subleading term is known as the entropic F-function in the clean limit without disorder.Our observations indicate that disordered theories in cGOE and cGUE are essentially different,which recalls careful analysis on the RG calculations.展开更多
采用证据图梳理近六年中医药治疗糖尿病肾脏病(DKD)的相关临床研究,系统评估该领域的证据现状,以期为现存问题及后续研究方向提供科学依据和决策参考。系统检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方(Wanfang)、维普(VIP)、中国生物医学文献服务系统(Sin...采用证据图梳理近六年中医药治疗糖尿病肾脏病(DKD)的相关临床研究,系统评估该领域的证据现状,以期为现存问题及后续研究方向提供科学依据和决策参考。系统检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方(Wanfang)、维普(VIP)、中国生物医学文献服务系统(SinoMed)、PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library等数据库中医药治疗DKD的文献,经过多次筛选,共纳入310篇文献,其中随机对照试验(RCTs)289篇,系统评价/Meta分析13篇,指南/专家共识8篇。整体发文量呈上升趋势,其中干预方式以口服为主,疗程多在2~3个月,样本量集中在50~100例。涉及30种中药汤剂、39种中成药,以参芪地黄汤、益肾化湿颗粒发文量最多。纳入中医证型以气阴两虚、脾肾两虚为主。结局指标纳入较多的有临床有效率、血糖相关、肾功能等指标,缺少对长期结局检测等问题。方法学质量评估方面,多数RCT在分配隐藏、盲法实施等存在严重缺陷,整体质量不高。系统评价/Meta分析的质量评估等级也均为“极低级”。指南/专家共识整体质量尚可,在严谨性和临床应用等方面待进一步完善。后续应重视以上问题,提升临床研究质量,发挥中医药优势,为中医药防治DKD的临床决策提供更可靠的循证依据。展开更多
文摘The advent of 5G technology has significantly enhanced the transmission of images over networks,expanding data accessibility and exposure across various applications in digital technology and social media.Consequently,the protection of sensitive data has become increasingly critical.Regardless of the complexity of the encryption algorithm used,a robust and highly secure encryption key is essential,with randomness and key space being crucial factors.This paper proposes a new Robust Deoxyribonucleic Acid(RDNA)nucleotide-based encryption method.The RDNA encryption method leverages the unique properties of DNA nucleotides,including their inherent randomness and extensive key space,to generate a highly secure encryption key.By employing transposition and substitution operations,the RDNA method ensures significant diffusion and confusion in the encrypted images.Additionally,it utilises a pseudorandom generation technique based on the random sequence of nucleotides in the DNA secret key.The performance of the RDNA encryption method is evaluated through various statistical and visual tests,and compared against established encryption methods such as 3DES,AES,and a DNA-based method.Experimental results demonstrate that the RDNA encryption method outperforms its rivals in the literature,and achieves superior performance in terms of information entropy,avalanche effect,encryption execution time,and correlation reduction,while maintaining competitive values for NMAE,PSNR,NPCR,and UACI.The high degree of randomness and sensitivity to key changes inherent in the RDNA method offers enhanced security,making it highly resistant to brute force and differential attacks.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2022YFA1402204)the National Natural Science Foundation[Grant Nos.22373095(QL),52471020(WC),and 12474144(WZ)]+2 种基金the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology[Grant No.2021ZD0303306(QL)]the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[Grant No.JZ2025HGQA0310(WC)]the Science Research Foundation for High-Level Talents of Anhui University of Science and Technology[Grant No.YJ20240002(WL)].
文摘In this work,we investigate disordered Dirac fermions from the perspective of quantum entanglement,which provides a different angle compared to the ordinary perturbative renormalization group(RG)analysis.We consider Dirac fermions subjected to random hopping and random flux,which respectively fall into the chiral Gaussian orthogonal ensemble(cGOE)and chiral Gaussian unitary ensemble(cGUE)universality classes.Existing studies based on perturbative calculations suggest that both types of randomness are marginal.Here,through numerical simulations of the corresponding lattice models,we find that these two different types of randomness exhibit distinct entanglement features,signaling completely different properties in contrast to the perturbative RG analysis.In particular,although the entropy area-law is generally held for both types of randomness,we identify that the subleading term of the entanglement entropy is enhanced by random flux but not by random hopping.This subleading term is known as the entropic F-function in the clean limit without disorder.Our observations indicate that disordered theories in cGOE and cGUE are essentially different,which recalls careful analysis on the RG calculations.
文摘采用证据图梳理近六年中医药治疗糖尿病肾脏病(DKD)的相关临床研究,系统评估该领域的证据现状,以期为现存问题及后续研究方向提供科学依据和决策参考。系统检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方(Wanfang)、维普(VIP)、中国生物医学文献服务系统(SinoMed)、PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library等数据库中医药治疗DKD的文献,经过多次筛选,共纳入310篇文献,其中随机对照试验(RCTs)289篇,系统评价/Meta分析13篇,指南/专家共识8篇。整体发文量呈上升趋势,其中干预方式以口服为主,疗程多在2~3个月,样本量集中在50~100例。涉及30种中药汤剂、39种中成药,以参芪地黄汤、益肾化湿颗粒发文量最多。纳入中医证型以气阴两虚、脾肾两虚为主。结局指标纳入较多的有临床有效率、血糖相关、肾功能等指标,缺少对长期结局检测等问题。方法学质量评估方面,多数RCT在分配隐藏、盲法实施等存在严重缺陷,整体质量不高。系统评价/Meta分析的质量评估等级也均为“极低级”。指南/专家共识整体质量尚可,在严谨性和临床应用等方面待进一步完善。后续应重视以上问题,提升临床研究质量,发挥中医药优势,为中医药防治DKD的临床决策提供更可靠的循证依据。
