[Objectives]To investigate the potential causal relationship between psoriasis and common mental disorders,and to provide genetic epidemiological evidence for the early intervention of mental comorbidities.[Methods]Ba...[Objectives]To investigate the potential causal relationship between psoriasis and common mental disorders,and to provide genetic epidemiological evidence for the early intervention of mental comorbidities.[Methods]Based on publicly available large-scale GWAS data,a bidirectional Mendelian randomization(MR)approach was employed to assess the causal associations between psoriasis and major depressive disorder(MDD),bipolar disorder,schizophrenia,and anxiety disorders.The inverse variance weighted(IVW)method served as the primary analytical tool,supplemented by sensitivity analyses using MR-Egger and weighted median methods.Additionally,a subgroup analysis was conducted for psoriatic arthritis(PsA).[Results]Forward MR analysis revealed a significant positive causal association between the genetic predisposition to psoriasis and bipolar disorder as well as MDD,whereas no significant causal relationship was observed with schizophrenia or anxiety disorders.The reverse MR analysis found no causal effect of mental disorders on psoriasis.Subgroup analysis of PsA indicated that its genetic predisposition was significantly associated with the risk of bipolar disorder.The results of various sensitivity analyses and pleiotropy tests supported the robustness of the conclusions.[Conclusions]This study provides genetic evidence supporting a causal link between psoriasis and both MDD and bipolar disorder.In particular,patients with PsA are at a higher risk of developing bipolar disorder,highlighting the need to strengthen early screening and intervention for mental health in clinical management.展开更多
Objective Previous studies link lower body mass index(BMI)with increased obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)risk,yet other body mass indicators may be more etioloically relevant.We dissected the causal association betw...Objective Previous studies link lower body mass index(BMI)with increased obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)risk,yet other body mass indicators may be more etioloically relevant.We dissected the causal association between body fat mass(FM)and OCD.Methods Summary statistics from genome-wide association studies of European ancestry were utilized to conduct two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.Heterogeneity,horizontal pleiotropy,and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness.Results The inverse variance weighting method demonstrated that a genetically predicted decrease in FM was causally associated with an increased OCD risk[odds ratio(OR)=0.680,95%confidence interval(CI):0.528–0.875,P=0.003].Similar estimates were obtained using the weighted median approach(OR=0.633,95%CI:0.438–0.915,P=0.015).Each standard deviation increases in genetically predicted body fat percentage corresponded to a reduced OCD risk(OR=0.638,95%CI:0.455–0.896,P=0.009).The sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these findings with no outlier instrument variables identified.Conclusion The negative causal association between FM and the risk of OCD suggests that the prevention or treatment of mental disorders should include not only the control of BMI but also fat distribution and body composition.展开更多
Recent advances in geoscience have underscored the critical role of abiogenic processes in petroleum formation,especially the formation and polymerization of methane.However,whether a direct carbon-H_(2) reaction can ...Recent advances in geoscience have underscored the critical role of abiogenic processes in petroleum formation,especially the formation and polymerization of methane.However,whether a direct carbon-H_(2) reaction can produce C_(2+)hydrocarbons(e.g.,ethane and propane)beyond methane remains an open question.Here,we demonstrate the direct synthesis of ethane and propane via reactions between amorphous carbon and H_(2) under upper mantle conditions(2-10 GPa and 800-1200℃).A systematic investigation reveals that increasing structural disorder in carbon precursors,from graphite to glassy carbon-Ⅱ and carbon black,enhances the production of C_(2)-C_(3) hydrocarbons.Through integrated X-ray diffraction and reverse Monte Carlo simulations,we establish that the continuous random atomic network structures in amorphous carbon enable one-step synthesis of heavy hydrocarbons with H_(2).These models establish a direct link between atomic-scale carbon structures and the one-step synthesis of C_(2+) hydrocarbons under H_(2)-rich,high-pressure,and high-temperature conditions—potentially revealing an efficient mechanism for the abiotic production of C_(2+) hydrocarbons in the upper mantle.展开更多
The elastic wave localization in disordered periodic piezoelectric rods with initial stress is studied using the transfer matrix and Lyapunov exponent method. The electric field is approximated as quasi-static. The ef...The elastic wave localization in disordered periodic piezoelectric rods with initial stress is studied using the transfer matrix and Lyapunov exponent method. The electric field is approximated as quasi-static. The effects of the initial stress on the band gap characteristics are investigated. The numerical calculations of localization factors and localization lengths are performed. It can be observed from the results that the band structures can be tuned by exerting the suitable initial stress. For different values of the piezoelectric rod length and the elastic constant, the band structures and the localization phenomena are very different. Larger disorder degree can lead to more obvious localization phenomenon.展开更多
Considering the mechnoelectrical coupling, the localization of SH-waves in disordered periodic layered piezoelectric structures is studied. The waves propagating in directions normal and tangential to the layers are c...Considering the mechnoelectrical coupling, the localization of SH-waves in disordered periodic layered piezoelectric structures is studied. The waves propagating in directions normal and tangential to the layers are considered. The transfer matrices between two consecutive unit cells are obtained according to the continuity conditions. The expressions of localization factor and localization length in the disordered periodic structures are presented. For the disordered periodic piezoelectric structures, the numerical results of localization factor and localization length are presented and discussed. It can be seen from the results that the frequency passbands and stopbands appear for the ordered periodic structures and the wave localization phenomenon occurs in the disordered periodic ones, and the larger the coefficient of variation is, the greater the degree of wave localization is. The widths of stopbands in the ordered periodic structures are very narrow when the properties of the consecutive piezoelectric materials are similar and the intervals of stopbands become broader when a certain material parameter has large changes. For the wave propagating in the direction normal to the layers the localization length has less dependence on the frequency, but for the wave propagating in the direction tangential to the layers the localization length is strongly dependent on the frequency.展开更多
Significant and persistent trajectory-to-trajectory variance are commonly observed in particle tracking experiments,which have become a major challenge for the experimental data analysis.In this theoretical paper we i...Significant and persistent trajectory-to-trajectory variance are commonly observed in particle tracking experiments,which have become a major challenge for the experimental data analysis.In this theoretical paper we investigate the ergodicity recovery behavior,which helps clarify the origin and the convergence of trajectory-to-trajectory fluctuation in various heterogeneous disordered media.The concepts of self-averaging and ergodicity are revisited in the context of trajectory analysis.The slow ergodicity recovery and the non-Gaussian diffusion in the annealed disordered media are shown as the consequences of the central limit theorem in different situations.The strange ergodicity recovery behavior is reported in the quenched disordered case,which arises from a localization mechanism.The first-passage approach is introduced to the ergodicity analysis for this case,of which the central limit theorem can be employed and the ergodicity is recovered in the length scale of diffusivity correlation.展开更多
A Yb:CaGd_(0.33)Y_(0.625)AlO_(4)(Yb:CGYA)laser crystal of high optical quality has been successfully synthesized via the Czochralski method.The introduction of Gd^(3+)ions preserves the original structure and efficien...A Yb:CaGd_(0.33)Y_(0.625)AlO_(4)(Yb:CGYA)laser crystal of high optical quality has been successfully synthesized via the Czochralski method.The introduction of Gd^(3+)ions preserves the original structure and efficiently generates inhomogeneous broadening of the Yb^(3+)ion emission spectra.The fluorescence emission peak wavelength of the Yb:CGYA crystal is 1053 nm,and the corresponding measured full width at halfmaximum is 93 nm.A tunable laser output ranging from 1017 nm to 1073 nm is achieved by using a birefringent filter,which represents the broadest tuning range reported in a short cavity to date.The compact laser offers significant advantages for its applications around the 1μm wavelength band.展开更多
Terahertz （THz） random lazing is studied numerically for two-dimensional disordered media made of ruby grains with a three-level atomic system. A method via the adjustment of the pumping area to control the polariza...Terahertz （THz） random lazing is studied numerically for two-dimensional disordered media made of ruby grains with a three-level atomic system. A method via the adjustment of the pumping area to control the polarization of the THz wave is proposed. Computed results reveal that transverse electric THz lasing modes could occur if pumping is supplied on the whole medium, while transverse magnetic THz lasing modes could occur if pumping is appropriately supplied on a partial area of the medium.展开更多
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder(BD),marked by recurring manic and depressive episodes,often coexists with anxiety disorder(AD),which increases treatment complexity and morbidity.Although quetiapine,an atypical antipsychot...BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder(BD),marked by recurring manic and depressive episodes,often coexists with anxiety disorder(AD),which increases treatment complexity and morbidity.Although quetiapine,an atypical antipsychotic,has demonstrated efficacy in treating BD and AD,further investigation is needed regarding its effectiveness and safety in patients with AD at high-risk factors for BD.AIM To explore the application and efficacy of quetiapine in combination therapy for patients with AD at high-risk factors for BD.METHODS This study included 67 patients,with two excluded,leaving 65 divided into Group A(sertraline treatment)and Group B(combination treatment).All patients received sertraline,with Group B additionally receiving quetiapine.Efficacy was assessed using the Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA),Hamilton depression scale(HAMD),and Bech-Rafaelsen Mania sale(BRMS)throughout the treatment period.Side effects and physiological indicators were also monitored.RESULTS No significant baseline differences existed between the two groups at treatment onset.Over the treatment course,Group B exhibited significantly lower HAMA scores than Group A at the end of weeks 1 and 24.HAMD scores gradually decreased over time,with Group B consistently showing lower scores than Group A.BRMS scores decreased significantly from baseline by week 8.In Group A,27.27%of patients received zolpidem treatment compared to 10.53%in Group B,which was a significant difference.Incidence of adverse reactions did not differ significantly between groups at treatment onset,but most patients experienced relief from adverse reactions within 4 weeks.CONCLUSION Combination of quetiapine and sertraline can more rapidly alleviate anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients with AD at high-risk factors for BD,improving treatment outcomes.展开更多
Background GW117(N-(2-(6-chloro-7-deuteromethoxynaphthalen-1-yl)ethyl)acetamide)is a dual-acting agent(MT1/MT2 agonist,5-HT_(2C)antagonist)with prior evidence of antidepressant efficacy and favourable safety.Aims To p...Background GW117(N-(2-(6-chloro-7-deuteromethoxynaphthalen-1-yl)ethyl)acetamide)is a dual-acting agent(MT1/MT2 agonist,5-HT_(2C)antagonist)with prior evidence of antidepressant efficacy and favourable safety.Aims To preliminarily evaluate the efficacy and safety of GW117 in major depressive disorder(MDD)and to explore the optimal dosing.Methods A total of 280 eligible patients aged 18-65years with MDD were randomly assigned(1:1:1:1)to8 weeks of double-blind treatment with fixed doses of GW117 tablets(20,40,60 mg/day)or placebo.The primary endpoint was the change from baseline to Week 8 in the total score of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17item(HAMD-17).Key secondary endpoints included changes in the Montgomery-?sberg Depression Rating Scale(MADRS)total score over the same period.Results In the full analysis set(n=276),GW117 showed numerically greater reductions versus placebo in the HAMD-17 and MADRS total scores,as well as higher response rates at Week 8.However,these differences did not reach statistical significance,potentially due to a high placebo response and other contributing factors.In a post hoc analysis of an optimal subgroup(baseline HAMD-17>24 or insomnia factor>4),GW117 showed efficacy in improving multidimensional symptoms,including insomnia.The 20 mg dose demonstrated a significant3.66-point greater reduction in MADRS(p=0.026)and a23.16%higher response rate(p=0.013)compared with placebo.GW117 was well-tolerated,with no cases of alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase exceeding 3×the upper limit of normal and no concerning safety signals reported.Conclusions This exploratory study found that GW117demonstrated encouraging antidepressant efficacy and a favourable safety profile in patients with MDD.Although differences versus placebo did not reach statistical significance in the overall population,GW11720 mg monotherapy showed significant improvements in multidimensional depressive symptoms,including insomnia,in the optimal response subgroup.No hepatotoxicity was reported,supporting its promising therapeutic potential for further clinical development.展开更多
Disordered ferromagnets with a domain structure that exhibit a hysteresis loop when driven by the external magnetic field are essential materials for modern technological applications.Therefore,the understanding and p...Disordered ferromagnets with a domain structure that exhibit a hysteresis loop when driven by the external magnetic field are essential materials for modern technological applications.Therefore,the understanding and potential for controlling the hysteresis phenomenon in thesematerials,especially concerning the disorder-induced critical behavior on the hysteresis loop,have attracted significant experimental,theoretical,and numerical research efforts.We review the challenges of the numerical modeling of physical phenomena behind the hysteresis loop critical behavior in disordered ferromagnetic systems related to the non-equilibriumstochastic dynamics of domain walls driven by external fields.Specifically,using the extended Random Field Ising Model,we present different simulation approaches and advanced numerical techniques that adequately describe the hysteresis loop shapes and the collective nature of the magnetization fluctuations associated with the criticality of the hysteresis loop for different sample shapes and varied parameters of disorder and rate of change of the external field,as well as the influence of thermal fluctuations and demagnetizing fields.The studied examples demonstrate how these numerical approaches reveal newphysical insights,providing quantitativemeasures of pertinent variables extracted from the systems’simulated or experimentally measured Barkhausen noise signals.The described computational techniques using inherent scale-invariance can be applied to the analysis of various complex systems,both quantum and classical,exhibiting non-equilibrium dynamical critical point or self-organized criticality.展开更多
Background Numerous studies have consistently demonstrated that a considerable proportion of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) frequently exhibit pronounced dyslipidaemia. However, the causal dynamics betw...Background Numerous studies have consistently demonstrated that a considerable proportion of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) frequently exhibit pronounced dyslipidaemia. However, the causal dynamics between MDD and dyslipidaemia remain elusive.Aims To comprehensively disentangle the genetic causality between MDD and various phenotypes of blood lipids, thereby facilitating the advancement of management strategies for these conditions.Methods We conducted a two-sample univariable Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis using different models, including the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method and causal analysis using the summary effect (CAUSE) estimates, as well as a multivariable MR analysis. This analysis used summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of MDD and five lipid traits: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglycerides (TG), encompassing 5 237 893 individuals of European and East Asian ancestries. For MDD, a total of 598 701 individuals were included, with 500 199 individuals of European ancestry (Ncase=170 756, Ncontrol=329 443) and 98 502 of East Asian ancestry (Ncase=12 588, Ncontrol=85 914). Lipid data were collected from 4 639 192 individuals through the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium (European, N=4 096 085;East Asian, N=543 107). Next, we used the two-step MR to explore the mediating factors between MDD and TG, and the risk factors affecting TG through MDD. Finally, we conducted a GWAS meta-analysis and enrichment analysis.Results In univariable MR, we observed a negative causal effect of low-density lipoprotein on MDD in both European populations (IVW: odds ratio (OR): 0.972, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.947 to 0.998, p=0.037) and East Asian populations (IVW: OR: 0.928, 95% CI 0.864 to 0.997, p=0.042). Additionally, we identified a bidirectional causal relationship between TG and MDD, with TG having a causal effect on MDD (IVW: OR: 1.052, 95% CI 1.020 to 1.085, p=0.001) and MDD having a causal effect on TG (IVW: OR: 1.075, 95% CI 1.047 to 1.104, p<0.001). Multivariable MR analysis further supported the role of TG in MDD (OR: 1.205, 95% CI 1.034 to 1.405, p=0.017). CAUSE estimates indicated that the causal model of MDD on TG provided a better fit than the sharing model (p=0.003), while the association of TG on MDD was more likely due to horizontal correlated pleiotropy than causality. Mediation analyses revealed that waist-hip ratio (WHR) mediated 69% of the total causal effect of MDD on TG, while other identified risk factors exhibited lower mediating proportions either mediated through MDD (≤17%) or originating from MDD (≤29%). The GWAS meta-analysis highlighted potential pathways related to lipid processes and nucleosome assembling, with significant cell types identified in brain regions and liver tissues.Conclusions The findings indicate that genetic proxies of MDD are associated with elevated levels of TG, with WHR serving as a clinical indicator of the association. This suggests that interventions targeting WHR may be effective in reducing TG levels in patients with MDD.展开更多
Background Yueju Pill,a classic traditional Chinese medicine,shows antidepressant effects rapidly.However,biomarkers that can predict its treatment outcomes in major depressive disorder(MDD)are still lacking.Multimoda...Background Yueju Pill,a classic traditional Chinese medicine,shows antidepressant effects rapidly.However,biomarkers that can predict its treatment outcomes in major depressive disorder(MDD)are still lacking.Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)offers a promising avenue to identify such biomarkers.Aims This pilot study aimed to explore whether therapeutic responses to Yueju Pill could be predicted by MRI-derived brain networks and to identify drug-specific biomarkers in comparison to escitalopram,a mainstream antidepressant.Methods We collected multimodal MRI data and blood samples from 28 outpatients with MDD from the Fourth People's Hospital of Taizhou,who were randomly divided into two groups to receive either Yueju Pill(23 g/time/day)or escitalopram(10 mg,two times a day)for 4 days.Morphological and functional brain networks were constructed and used to predict individual changes in symptoms quantified by the 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD-24)scores and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)levels.Results After the treatment,both groups exhibited significant reductions in the HAMD-24 scores,while only the Yueju Pill group showed significant increases in the BDNF levels.Gyrification Index-based morphological networks predicted change rates of the HAMD-24 scores in both groups,but sulcus depth-based and cortical thickness-based morphological networks predicted change rates of the HAMD-24 scores and BDNF levels,respectively,only in the Yueju Pill group.Subnetwork analyses revealed that the visual network independently predicted the changes in both the HAMD-24 scores(sulcus depth-based networks)and BDNF levels(cortical thickness-based networks)following Yueju Pill treatment.Conclusions Morphological but not functional brain networks can predict symptom improvement and BDNF changes of patients with MDD after Yueju Pill treatment.Sulcus depth-based and cortical thickness-based morphological brain networks,particularly their visual subnetworks,might serve as Yueju Pill-specific biomarkers for predicting the therapeutic responses.These findings have the potential to guide personalised therapy for patients with MDD early in the therapeutic process.展开更多
Catalytic doping is one of the economic and efficient strategies to optimize the operating temperature and kinetic behavior of magnesium hydride(MgH_(2)).Herein,efficient regulation of electronic and structural rearra...Catalytic doping is one of the economic and efficient strategies to optimize the operating temperature and kinetic behavior of magnesium hydride(MgH_(2)).Herein,efficient regulation of electronic and structural rearrangements in niobium-rich nickel oxides was achieved through precise compositional design and niobium cation functionalized doping,thereby greatly enhancing its intrinsic catalytic activity in hydrogen storage systems.As the niobium concentration increased,the Ni-Nb catalysts transformed into a mixed state of multi-phase nanoparticles(composed of nickel and niobium-rich nickel oxides)with smaller particle size and uniform distribution,thus exposing more nucleation sites and diffusion channels at the MgH_(2)/Mg interface.In addition,the additional generation of active Ni-Nb-O mixed phase induced numerous highly topical disordered and distorted crystalline,promoting the transfer and reorganization of H atoms.As a result,a stable and continuous multi-phase/component synergistic catalytic microenvironment could be constructed,exerting remarkable enhancement on MgH_(2)’s hydrogen storage performance.After comparative tests,Ni_(0.7)Nb_(0.3)-doped MgH_(2) presented the optimal low-temperature kinetics with a dehydrogenation activation energy of 78.8 kJ·mol^(−1).The onset dehydrogenation temperature of MgH_(2)+10 wt%Ni_(0.7)Nb_(0.3) was reduced to 198℃ and 6.18 wt%H_(2) could be released at 250℃ within 10 min.In addition,the dehydrogenated MgH_(2)–NiNb composites absorbed 4.87 wt%H_(2) in 10 min at 125℃ and a capacity retention rate was maintained at 6.18 wt%even after 50 reaction cycles.In a word,our work supplies fresh insights for designing novel defective-state multiphase catalysts for hydrogen storage and other energy related field.展开更多
In this paper,we establish some strong laws of large numbers,which are for nonindependent random variables under the framework of sublinear expectations.One of our main results is for blockwise m-dependent random vari...In this paper,we establish some strong laws of large numbers,which are for nonindependent random variables under the framework of sublinear expectations.One of our main results is for blockwise m-dependent random variables,and another is for sub-orthogonal random variables.Both extend the strong law of large numbers for independent random variables under sublinear expectations to the non-independent case.展开更多
Bimetallic surfaces play a pivotal role in heterogeneous catalysis,yet their theoretical modeling has long been hindered by the computational chal-lenges of capturing configurational disorder,a critical feature govern...Bimetallic surfaces play a pivotal role in heterogeneous catalysis,yet their theoretical modeling has long been hindered by the computational chal-lenges of capturing configurational disorder,a critical feature governing their catalytic properties.Tradition-al approaches rely on oversimplified ordered surface models or restrict dis-order to a few atomic layers,limiting their predictive power.Here,we Cu_(1-x)Zn_(x)Cu_(1-x)Zn_(x)present an accurate and efficient computational framework that integrates machine learning force fields(MLFFs)with the cluster expansion(CE)method to study configurationally dis-ordered bimetallic surfaces at finite temperatures.We have developed an efficient workflow in which the MLFF is first trained iteratively via an active learning protocol,and then used to generate accurate energetic data for thousands of configurations that enable robust CE model construction.By treating bulk and surface clusters separately,we can build CE models for surface slabs with an arbitrary number of layers.Using as a case study,our CE-based Monte Carlo simulations reveal key structural insights that are relevant to the under-standing of catalytic properties of surfaces.This work demonstrates how MLFF-aided CE can overcome traditional limitations in theoretical modeling of bimetallic surfaces and highlights pathways toward more realistic modeling of heterogeneous catalysts.展开更多
Intrinsically disordered proteins(IDPs)and their regions(IDRs)play crucial roles in cellular func-tions despite their lack of stable three-dimensional structures.In this study,we investigate the interac-tions between ...Intrinsically disordered proteins(IDPs)and their regions(IDRs)play crucial roles in cellular func-tions despite their lack of stable three-dimensional structures.In this study,we investigate the interac-tions between the C-terminal do-main of protein 4.1G(4.1G CTD)and the nuclear mitotic apparatus protein(NuMA)under varying pH and salt ion conditions to under-stand the regulatory mechanisms affecting their binding.4.1G CTD and NuMA bind effec-tively under neutral and alkaline conditions,but their interaction is disrupted under acidic conditions(pH 3.6).The protonation of positively charged residues at the C-terminal of 4.1G CTD under acidic conditions leads to increased electrostatic repulsion,weakening the overall binding free energy.Secondary structure analysis shows that specific regions of 4.1G CTD re-main stable under both pH conditions,but the C-terminal region(aa 990−1000)and the N-terminal region of NuMA(aa 1800−1810)exhibit significant reductions in secondary struc-ture probability under acidic conditions.Contact map analysis and solvent-accessible surface area analysis further support these findings by showing a reduced contact probability be-tween these regions under pH 3.6.These results provide a comprehensive understanding of how pH and ionic strength regulate the binding dynamics of 4.1G CTD and NuMA,emphasiz-ing the regulatory role of electrostatic interactions.展开更多
Objectives:This study had two aims.Aim one is to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of using an aroma-based,self-managed intervention for adults in outpatient treatment for substance use disorder.Aim two is to...Objectives:This study had two aims.Aim one is to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of using an aroma-based,self-managed intervention for adults in outpatient treatment for substance use disorder.Aim two is to examine the effects of a Citrus bergamia(Bergamot)essential oil intervention on the variables of comfort,ease,and stress.Methods:A randomized controlled trial was conducted(NCT05660434).Adults in treatment for substance use disorder were randomized to either control group(standard care)(n=55)or intervention group(standard care plus Citrus bergamia[Bergamot]essential oil intervention),three times a day for seven days(n=45).All data were analyzed using an intention-to-treat method.Outcomes were measured using valid and reliable measures.Results:One hundred participants were recruited over 11 months.Reasons for non or limited participation included feeling overwhelmed by the demands of treatment and everyday living.Data analysis showed psychological variable improvement with a significant increase in ease reported(P=0.022)and DASS-21 subscales for depression(P=0.007)and anxiety(P=0.013)in the intervention group.Postsatisfaction survey results were positive,with overall enjoyment,perception of the aroma,and intention to continue to use the aroma inhaler post-trial,which was high.Conclusions:Results from this study provide data to support the feasibility and acceptability of using essential oil via inhalation to help this population.Findings from this study will inform a more extensive study designed to examine effects within and between groups using a placebo.展开更多
Objectives:The objectives of this study are to investigate the effect of midwifery-led comprehensive care in improving perinatal outcomes among women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.Materials and Methods:A si...Objectives:The objectives of this study are to investigate the effect of midwifery-led comprehensive care in improving perinatal outcomes among women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.Materials and Methods:A single-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted among 150 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational hypertension after 20 weeks of gestation.The study was conducted between February 14,2022,and March 15,2024.Participants were randomly assigned(75 intervention,75 control)through computer-generated block randomization.The intervention arm received the midwifery-led comprehensive care,while the control group received standard routine care.The intervention was provided in 5 contact points(at 20 weeks,28 weeks,32 weeks,36 weeks,and before delivery)at the antenatal outpatient department(OPD).The tools used were a structured demographic questionnaire,structured tool for maternal and fetal outcomes.Data were collected at 20 weeks,28 weeks,32 weeks,and 36 weeks.Results:Neonatal resuscitation rate was lower in the intervention group(6.7%)than in the control group(21.3%).IUGR incidence(5.3%vs.16%)and fetal mortality(5.3%vs.14.7%)were also reduced.The independent sample t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that intervention arm has significantly improved key maternal and fetal parameters in terms of higher APGAR scores,better fetal heart rate at 32 weeks,and significantly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure,maternal weight,and proteinuria levels at various gestational weeks,indicating improved perinatal outcomes compared to the control group at P<0.05.Conclusion:Midwifery-led care positively influenced maternal health and fetal outcomes,reducing abnormal weight gain,stabilizing blood pressure,and reducing the adverse fetal outcome.As a feasible,scalable intervention,it can be generalized to diverse populations,emphasizing the need for broader implementation and further research.展开更多
BACKGROUND Internet gaming disorder(IGD)is a growing concern among adolescents and adults,necessitating effective treatment strategies beyond pharmacological interventions.AIM To evaluated the effectiveness of non-inv...BACKGROUND Internet gaming disorder(IGD)is a growing concern among adolescents and adults,necessitating effective treatment strategies beyond pharmacological interventions.AIM To evaluated the effectiveness of non-invasive interventions for treating IGD among adolescents and adults.METHODS A total of 11 randomized controlled trials published between 2020 and 2025 were included in this meta-analysis,encompassing 1208 participants from diverse geographic and cultural contexts.The interventions examined included cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT),internet-based CBT,neurofeedback,virtual reality therapy,abstinence-based programs,and school-based prevention.The primary outcomes assessed were reductions in gaming time and IGD severity.Secondary outcomes included improvements in mood,anxiety,and psychosocial functioning(e.g.,stronger peer relationships,better academic or work performance,and healthier daily-life role fulfillment).RESULTS The pooled standardized mean difference for IGD symptom reduction significantly favored non-invasive interventions(Hedges’g=0.56,95%CI:0.38-0.74,P<0.001),with moderate heterogeneity observed(I2=47%).Subgroup analyses indicated that CBT-based programs,both in-person and online,yielded the strongest effects,particularly when caregiver involvement or self-monitoring was incorporated.Funnel plot asymmetry was minimal,suggesting a low risk of publication bias.CONCLUSION These findings support the efficacy of scalable,low-risk non-invasive interventions as first-line treatment options for IGD,particularly in youth populations.Future studies should prioritize investigating long-term outcomes,comparing the effectiveness of different non-invasive modalities,and developing culturally adaptive delivery methods.展开更多
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the potential causal relationship between psoriasis and common mental disorders,and to provide genetic epidemiological evidence for the early intervention of mental comorbidities.[Methods]Based on publicly available large-scale GWAS data,a bidirectional Mendelian randomization(MR)approach was employed to assess the causal associations between psoriasis and major depressive disorder(MDD),bipolar disorder,schizophrenia,and anxiety disorders.The inverse variance weighted(IVW)method served as the primary analytical tool,supplemented by sensitivity analyses using MR-Egger and weighted median methods.Additionally,a subgroup analysis was conducted for psoriatic arthritis(PsA).[Results]Forward MR analysis revealed a significant positive causal association between the genetic predisposition to psoriasis and bipolar disorder as well as MDD,whereas no significant causal relationship was observed with schizophrenia or anxiety disorders.The reverse MR analysis found no causal effect of mental disorders on psoriasis.Subgroup analysis of PsA indicated that its genetic predisposition was significantly associated with the risk of bipolar disorder.The results of various sensitivity analyses and pleiotropy tests supported the robustness of the conclusions.[Conclusions]This study provides genetic evidence supporting a causal link between psoriasis and both MDD and bipolar disorder.In particular,patients with PsA are at a higher risk of developing bipolar disorder,highlighting the need to strengthen early screening and intervention for mental health in clinical management.
基金supported by the Yanzhao Gold Talent Project of Hebei Province(NO.HJZD202506)。
文摘Objective Previous studies link lower body mass index(BMI)with increased obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)risk,yet other body mass indicators may be more etioloically relevant.We dissected the causal association between body fat mass(FM)and OCD.Methods Summary statistics from genome-wide association studies of European ancestry were utilized to conduct two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.Heterogeneity,horizontal pleiotropy,and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness.Results The inverse variance weighting method demonstrated that a genetically predicted decrease in FM was causally associated with an increased OCD risk[odds ratio(OR)=0.680,95%confidence interval(CI):0.528–0.875,P=0.003].Similar estimates were obtained using the weighted median approach(OR=0.633,95%CI:0.438–0.915,P=0.015).Each standard deviation increases in genetically predicted body fat percentage corresponded to a reduced OCD risk(OR=0.638,95%CI:0.455–0.896,P=0.009).The sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these findings with no outlier instrument variables identified.Conclusion The negative causal association between FM and the risk of OCD suggests that the prevention or treatment of mental disorders should include not only the control of BMI but also fat distribution and body composition.
基金mainly supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52288102, 52090020, and 52372261)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (Grant No. E202403045)+1 种基金the S&T Program of Hebei (Grant No. 225A1102D)the Ministry of Education Chang Jiang Scholar Professor Program (Grant No. T2022241)
文摘Recent advances in geoscience have underscored the critical role of abiogenic processes in petroleum formation,especially the formation and polymerization of methane.However,whether a direct carbon-H_(2) reaction can produce C_(2+)hydrocarbons(e.g.,ethane and propane)beyond methane remains an open question.Here,we demonstrate the direct synthesis of ethane and propane via reactions between amorphous carbon and H_(2) under upper mantle conditions(2-10 GPa and 800-1200℃).A systematic investigation reveals that increasing structural disorder in carbon precursors,from graphite to glassy carbon-Ⅱ and carbon black,enhances the production of C_(2)-C_(3) hydrocarbons.Through integrated X-ray diffraction and reverse Monte Carlo simulations,we establish that the continuous random atomic network structures in amorphous carbon enable one-step synthesis of heavy hydrocarbons with H_(2).These models establish a direct link between atomic-scale carbon structures and the one-step synthesis of C_(2+) hydrocarbons under H_(2)-rich,high-pressure,and high-temperature conditions—potentially revealing an efficient mechanism for the abiotic production of C_(2+) hydrocarbons in the upper mantle.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10672017 and 10632020)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Heilongjiang Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS) to perform research work at Tokyo Institute of Technology,Japan.
文摘The elastic wave localization in disordered periodic piezoelectric rods with initial stress is studied using the transfer matrix and Lyapunov exponent method. The electric field is approximated as quasi-static. The effects of the initial stress on the band gap characteristics are investigated. The numerical calculations of localization factors and localization lengths are performed. It can be observed from the results that the band structures can be tuned by exerting the suitable initial stress. For different values of the piezoelectric rod length and the elastic constant, the band structures and the localization phenomena are very different. Larger disorder degree can lead to more obvious localization phenomenon.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (10632020, 10672017 and 20451057)
文摘Considering the mechnoelectrical coupling, the localization of SH-waves in disordered periodic layered piezoelectric structures is studied. The waves propagating in directions normal and tangential to the layers are considered. The transfer matrices between two consecutive unit cells are obtained according to the continuity conditions. The expressions of localization factor and localization length in the disordered periodic structures are presented. For the disordered periodic piezoelectric structures, the numerical results of localization factor and localization length are presented and discussed. It can be seen from the results that the frequency passbands and stopbands appear for the ordered periodic structures and the wave localization phenomenon occurs in the disordered periodic ones, and the larger the coefficient of variation is, the greater the degree of wave localization is. The widths of stopbands in the ordered periodic structures are very narrow when the properties of the consecutive piezoelectric materials are similar and the intervals of stopbands become broader when a certain material parameter has large changes. For the wave propagating in the direction normal to the layers the localization length has less dependence on the frequency, but for the wave propagating in the direction tangential to the layers the localization length is strongly dependent on the frequency.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.11705064,11675060,and 91730301).
文摘Significant and persistent trajectory-to-trajectory variance are commonly observed in particle tracking experiments,which have become a major challenge for the experimental data analysis.In this theoretical paper we investigate the ergodicity recovery behavior,which helps clarify the origin and the convergence of trajectory-to-trajectory fluctuation in various heterogeneous disordered media.The concepts of self-averaging and ergodicity are revisited in the context of trajectory analysis.The slow ergodicity recovery and the non-Gaussian diffusion in the annealed disordered media are shown as the consequences of the central limit theorem in different situations.The strange ergodicity recovery behavior is reported in the quenched disordered case,which arises from a localization mechanism.The first-passage approach is introduced to the ergodicity analysis for this case,of which the central limit theorem can be employed and the ergodicity is recovered in the length scale of diffusivity correlation.
文摘A Yb:CaGd_(0.33)Y_(0.625)AlO_(4)(Yb:CGYA)laser crystal of high optical quality has been successfully synthesized via the Czochralski method.The introduction of Gd^(3+)ions preserves the original structure and efficiently generates inhomogeneous broadening of the Yb^(3+)ion emission spectra.The fluorescence emission peak wavelength of the Yb:CGYA crystal is 1053 nm,and the corresponding measured full width at halfmaximum is 93 nm.A tunable laser output ranging from 1017 nm to 1073 nm is achieved by using a birefringent filter,which represents the broadest tuning range reported in a short cavity to date.The compact laser offers significant advantages for its applications around the 1μm wavelength band.
基金Project supported by the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No.2010MS041)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.60778003)the Science Foundation of China Academy of Engineering Physics NSAF (Grant No.10876010)
文摘Terahertz （THz） random lazing is studied numerically for two-dimensional disordered media made of ruby grains with a three-level atomic system. A method via the adjustment of the pumping area to control the polarization of the THz wave is proposed. Computed results reveal that transverse electric THz lasing modes could occur if pumping is supplied on the whole medium, while transverse magnetic THz lasing modes could occur if pumping is appropriately supplied on a partial area of the medium.
基金Supported by Huzhou City Science and Technology Plan Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project[Key Project],No.2020GZ42.
文摘BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder(BD),marked by recurring manic and depressive episodes,often coexists with anxiety disorder(AD),which increases treatment complexity and morbidity.Although quetiapine,an atypical antipsychotic,has demonstrated efficacy in treating BD and AD,further investigation is needed regarding its effectiveness and safety in patients with AD at high-risk factors for BD.AIM To explore the application and efficacy of quetiapine in combination therapy for patients with AD at high-risk factors for BD.METHODS This study included 67 patients,with two excluded,leaving 65 divided into Group A(sertraline treatment)and Group B(combination treatment).All patients received sertraline,with Group B additionally receiving quetiapine.Efficacy was assessed using the Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA),Hamilton depression scale(HAMD),and Bech-Rafaelsen Mania sale(BRMS)throughout the treatment period.Side effects and physiological indicators were also monitored.RESULTS No significant baseline differences existed between the two groups at treatment onset.Over the treatment course,Group B exhibited significantly lower HAMA scores than Group A at the end of weeks 1 and 24.HAMD scores gradually decreased over time,with Group B consistently showing lower scores than Group A.BRMS scores decreased significantly from baseline by week 8.In Group A,27.27%of patients received zolpidem treatment compared to 10.53%in Group B,which was a significant difference.Incidence of adverse reactions did not differ significantly between groups at treatment onset,but most patients experienced relief from adverse reactions within 4 weeks.CONCLUSION Combination of quetiapine and sertraline can more rapidly alleviate anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients with AD at high-risk factors for BD,improving treatment outcomes.
文摘Background GW117(N-(2-(6-chloro-7-deuteromethoxynaphthalen-1-yl)ethyl)acetamide)is a dual-acting agent(MT1/MT2 agonist,5-HT_(2C)antagonist)with prior evidence of antidepressant efficacy and favourable safety.Aims To preliminarily evaluate the efficacy and safety of GW117 in major depressive disorder(MDD)and to explore the optimal dosing.Methods A total of 280 eligible patients aged 18-65years with MDD were randomly assigned(1:1:1:1)to8 weeks of double-blind treatment with fixed doses of GW117 tablets(20,40,60 mg/day)or placebo.The primary endpoint was the change from baseline to Week 8 in the total score of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17item(HAMD-17).Key secondary endpoints included changes in the Montgomery-?sberg Depression Rating Scale(MADRS)total score over the same period.Results In the full analysis set(n=276),GW117 showed numerically greater reductions versus placebo in the HAMD-17 and MADRS total scores,as well as higher response rates at Week 8.However,these differences did not reach statistical significance,potentially due to a high placebo response and other contributing factors.In a post hoc analysis of an optimal subgroup(baseline HAMD-17>24 or insomnia factor>4),GW117 showed efficacy in improving multidimensional symptoms,including insomnia.The 20 mg dose demonstrated a significant3.66-point greater reduction in MADRS(p=0.026)and a23.16%higher response rate(p=0.013)compared with placebo.GW117 was well-tolerated,with no cases of alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase exceeding 3×the upper limit of normal and no concerning safety signals reported.Conclusions This exploratory study found that GW117demonstrated encouraging antidepressant efficacy and a favourable safety profile in patients with MDD.Although differences versus placebo did not reach statistical significance in the overall population,GW11720 mg monotherapy showed significant improvements in multidimensional depressive symptoms,including insomnia,in the optimal response subgroup.No hepatotoxicity was reported,supporting its promising therapeutic potential for further clinical development.
基金Djordje Spasojevic and Svetislav Mijatovic acknowledge the support from the Ministry of Science,TechnologicalDevelopment and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia(Agreement No.451-03-65/2024-03/200162)S.J.ibid.(Agreement No.451-03-65/2024-03/200122)Bosiljka Tadic from the Slovenian Research Agency(program P1-0044).
文摘Disordered ferromagnets with a domain structure that exhibit a hysteresis loop when driven by the external magnetic field are essential materials for modern technological applications.Therefore,the understanding and potential for controlling the hysteresis phenomenon in thesematerials,especially concerning the disorder-induced critical behavior on the hysteresis loop,have attracted significant experimental,theoretical,and numerical research efforts.We review the challenges of the numerical modeling of physical phenomena behind the hysteresis loop critical behavior in disordered ferromagnetic systems related to the non-equilibriumstochastic dynamics of domain walls driven by external fields.Specifically,using the extended Random Field Ising Model,we present different simulation approaches and advanced numerical techniques that adequately describe the hysteresis loop shapes and the collective nature of the magnetization fluctuations associated with the criticality of the hysteresis loop for different sample shapes and varied parameters of disorder and rate of change of the external field,as well as the influence of thermal fluctuations and demagnetizing fields.The studied examples demonstrate how these numerical approaches reveal newphysical insights,providing quantitativemeasures of pertinent variables extracted from the systems’simulated or experimentally measured Barkhausen noise signals.The described computational techniques using inherent scale-invariance can be applied to the analysis of various complex systems,both quantum and classical,exhibiting non-equilibrium dynamical critical point or self-organized criticality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071500,82271540,32370724,82401759,81871055,32070679)Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Mental Health(19MC1911100)+11 种基金Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders(13dz2260500)Shanghai Municipal Administrator of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZY-(2021-2023)-0207-01)Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Collaborative Innovation Group(2024CXJQ03)Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Program(24JS2840400,24ZR1439900,21Y11921100)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project,the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFA0913804,2024YFA0916603,2022FYC2503300)the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(21XD1423300)Shanghai Pujiang Program(21PJD063)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2017SHZDZX01)Shanghai Municipal Commission of Education(2024AIZD016)the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0905400,2017YFC0908105,2021YFC2702100)National Program for Support of Top-Notch Young Professionals,Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province(tstp20240526)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2019YQ14,YDZX2021009,2021ZDSYS06).
文摘Background Numerous studies have consistently demonstrated that a considerable proportion of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) frequently exhibit pronounced dyslipidaemia. However, the causal dynamics between MDD and dyslipidaemia remain elusive.Aims To comprehensively disentangle the genetic causality between MDD and various phenotypes of blood lipids, thereby facilitating the advancement of management strategies for these conditions.Methods We conducted a two-sample univariable Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis using different models, including the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method and causal analysis using the summary effect (CAUSE) estimates, as well as a multivariable MR analysis. This analysis used summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of MDD and five lipid traits: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglycerides (TG), encompassing 5 237 893 individuals of European and East Asian ancestries. For MDD, a total of 598 701 individuals were included, with 500 199 individuals of European ancestry (Ncase=170 756, Ncontrol=329 443) and 98 502 of East Asian ancestry (Ncase=12 588, Ncontrol=85 914). Lipid data were collected from 4 639 192 individuals through the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium (European, N=4 096 085;East Asian, N=543 107). Next, we used the two-step MR to explore the mediating factors between MDD and TG, and the risk factors affecting TG through MDD. Finally, we conducted a GWAS meta-analysis and enrichment analysis.Results In univariable MR, we observed a negative causal effect of low-density lipoprotein on MDD in both European populations (IVW: odds ratio (OR): 0.972, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.947 to 0.998, p=0.037) and East Asian populations (IVW: OR: 0.928, 95% CI 0.864 to 0.997, p=0.042). Additionally, we identified a bidirectional causal relationship between TG and MDD, with TG having a causal effect on MDD (IVW: OR: 1.052, 95% CI 1.020 to 1.085, p=0.001) and MDD having a causal effect on TG (IVW: OR: 1.075, 95% CI 1.047 to 1.104, p<0.001). Multivariable MR analysis further supported the role of TG in MDD (OR: 1.205, 95% CI 1.034 to 1.405, p=0.017). CAUSE estimates indicated that the causal model of MDD on TG provided a better fit than the sharing model (p=0.003), while the association of TG on MDD was more likely due to horizontal correlated pleiotropy than causality. Mediation analyses revealed that waist-hip ratio (WHR) mediated 69% of the total causal effect of MDD on TG, while other identified risk factors exhibited lower mediating proportions either mediated through MDD (≤17%) or originating from MDD (≤29%). The GWAS meta-analysis highlighted potential pathways related to lipid processes and nucleosome assembling, with significant cell types identified in brain regions and liver tissues.Conclusions The findings indicate that genetic proxies of MDD are associated with elevated levels of TG, with WHR serving as a clinical indicator of the association. This suggests that interventions targeting WHR may be effective in reducing TG levels in patients with MDD.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFE0201000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82472092,82174002,81874374 and 81673625)+2 种基金a grant from the Research Center for Brain Cognition and Human Development,Guangdong,China(No.2024B0303390003)Key Realm R&D Program of Guangzhou(No.202206010109)Taizhou Science and Technology Support Program(Social Development)project(No.TS2016-12).
文摘Background Yueju Pill,a classic traditional Chinese medicine,shows antidepressant effects rapidly.However,biomarkers that can predict its treatment outcomes in major depressive disorder(MDD)are still lacking.Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)offers a promising avenue to identify such biomarkers.Aims This pilot study aimed to explore whether therapeutic responses to Yueju Pill could be predicted by MRI-derived brain networks and to identify drug-specific biomarkers in comparison to escitalopram,a mainstream antidepressant.Methods We collected multimodal MRI data and blood samples from 28 outpatients with MDD from the Fourth People's Hospital of Taizhou,who were randomly divided into two groups to receive either Yueju Pill(23 g/time/day)or escitalopram(10 mg,two times a day)for 4 days.Morphological and functional brain networks were constructed and used to predict individual changes in symptoms quantified by the 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD-24)scores and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)levels.Results After the treatment,both groups exhibited significant reductions in the HAMD-24 scores,while only the Yueju Pill group showed significant increases in the BDNF levels.Gyrification Index-based morphological networks predicted change rates of the HAMD-24 scores in both groups,but sulcus depth-based and cortical thickness-based morphological networks predicted change rates of the HAMD-24 scores and BDNF levels,respectively,only in the Yueju Pill group.Subnetwork analyses revealed that the visual network independently predicted the changes in both the HAMD-24 scores(sulcus depth-based networks)and BDNF levels(cortical thickness-based networks)following Yueju Pill treatment.Conclusions Morphological but not functional brain networks can predict symptom improvement and BDNF changes of patients with MDD after Yueju Pill treatment.Sulcus depth-based and cortical thickness-based morphological brain networks,particularly their visual subnetworks,might serve as Yueju Pill-specific biomarkers for predicting the therapeutic responses.These findings have the potential to guide personalised therapy for patients with MDD early in the therapeutic process.
基金financial supports from the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFB3809103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20128).
文摘Catalytic doping is one of the economic and efficient strategies to optimize the operating temperature and kinetic behavior of magnesium hydride(MgH_(2)).Herein,efficient regulation of electronic and structural rearrangements in niobium-rich nickel oxides was achieved through precise compositional design and niobium cation functionalized doping,thereby greatly enhancing its intrinsic catalytic activity in hydrogen storage systems.As the niobium concentration increased,the Ni-Nb catalysts transformed into a mixed state of multi-phase nanoparticles(composed of nickel and niobium-rich nickel oxides)with smaller particle size and uniform distribution,thus exposing more nucleation sites and diffusion channels at the MgH_(2)/Mg interface.In addition,the additional generation of active Ni-Nb-O mixed phase induced numerous highly topical disordered and distorted crystalline,promoting the transfer and reorganization of H atoms.As a result,a stable and continuous multi-phase/component synergistic catalytic microenvironment could be constructed,exerting remarkable enhancement on MgH_(2)’s hydrogen storage performance.After comparative tests,Ni_(0.7)Nb_(0.3)-doped MgH_(2) presented the optimal low-temperature kinetics with a dehydrogenation activation energy of 78.8 kJ·mol^(−1).The onset dehydrogenation temperature of MgH_(2)+10 wt%Ni_(0.7)Nb_(0.3) was reduced to 198℃ and 6.18 wt%H_(2) could be released at 250℃ within 10 min.In addition,the dehydrogenated MgH_(2)–NiNb composites absorbed 4.87 wt%H_(2) in 10 min at 125℃ and a capacity retention rate was maintained at 6.18 wt%even after 50 reaction cycles.In a word,our work supplies fresh insights for designing novel defective-state multiphase catalysts for hydrogen storage and other energy related field.
文摘In this paper,we establish some strong laws of large numbers,which are for nonindependent random variables under the framework of sublinear expectations.One of our main results is for blockwise m-dependent random variables,and another is for sub-orthogonal random variables.Both extend the strong law of large numbers for independent random variables under sublinear expectations to the non-independent case.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22273002)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB4101401).We acknowledge the High-performance Computing Platform of Peking University for providing the computational facility.
文摘Bimetallic surfaces play a pivotal role in heterogeneous catalysis,yet their theoretical modeling has long been hindered by the computational chal-lenges of capturing configurational disorder,a critical feature governing their catalytic properties.Tradition-al approaches rely on oversimplified ordered surface models or restrict dis-order to a few atomic layers,limiting their predictive power.Here,we Cu_(1-x)Zn_(x)Cu_(1-x)Zn_(x)present an accurate and efficient computational framework that integrates machine learning force fields(MLFFs)with the cluster expansion(CE)method to study configurationally dis-ordered bimetallic surfaces at finite temperatures.We have developed an efficient workflow in which the MLFF is first trained iteratively via an active learning protocol,and then used to generate accurate energetic data for thousands of configurations that enable robust CE model construction.By treating bulk and surface clusters separately,we can build CE models for surface slabs with an arbitrary number of layers.Using as a case study,our CE-based Monte Carlo simulations reveal key structural insights that are relevant to the under-standing of catalytic properties of surfaces.This work demonstrates how MLFF-aided CE can overcome traditional limitations in theoretical modeling of bimetallic surfaces and highlights pathways toward more realistic modeling of heterogeneous catalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22073018,No.22377015).
文摘Intrinsically disordered proteins(IDPs)and their regions(IDRs)play crucial roles in cellular func-tions despite their lack of stable three-dimensional structures.In this study,we investigate the interac-tions between the C-terminal do-main of protein 4.1G(4.1G CTD)and the nuclear mitotic apparatus protein(NuMA)under varying pH and salt ion conditions to under-stand the regulatory mechanisms affecting their binding.4.1G CTD and NuMA bind effec-tively under neutral and alkaline conditions,but their interaction is disrupted under acidic conditions(pH 3.6).The protonation of positively charged residues at the C-terminal of 4.1G CTD under acidic conditions leads to increased electrostatic repulsion,weakening the overall binding free energy.Secondary structure analysis shows that specific regions of 4.1G CTD re-main stable under both pH conditions,but the C-terminal region(aa 990−1000)and the N-terminal region of NuMA(aa 1800−1810)exhibit significant reductions in secondary struc-ture probability under acidic conditions.Contact map analysis and solvent-accessible surface area analysis further support these findings by showing a reduced contact probability be-tween these regions under pH 3.6.These results provide a comprehensive understanding of how pH and ionic strength regulate the binding dynamics of 4.1G CTD and NuMA,emphasiz-ing the regulatory role of electrostatic interactions.
基金funded through the West Virginia Nurses AssociationRosenthal-Riter Scholarship fund+1 种基金the West Virginia University School of Nursing RuthRobert Kuhn Nursing Research Foundation。
文摘Objectives:This study had two aims.Aim one is to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of using an aroma-based,self-managed intervention for adults in outpatient treatment for substance use disorder.Aim two is to examine the effects of a Citrus bergamia(Bergamot)essential oil intervention on the variables of comfort,ease,and stress.Methods:A randomized controlled trial was conducted(NCT05660434).Adults in treatment for substance use disorder were randomized to either control group(standard care)(n=55)or intervention group(standard care plus Citrus bergamia[Bergamot]essential oil intervention),three times a day for seven days(n=45).All data were analyzed using an intention-to-treat method.Outcomes were measured using valid and reliable measures.Results:One hundred participants were recruited over 11 months.Reasons for non or limited participation included feeling overwhelmed by the demands of treatment and everyday living.Data analysis showed psychological variable improvement with a significant increase in ease reported(P=0.022)and DASS-21 subscales for depression(P=0.007)and anxiety(P=0.013)in the intervention group.Postsatisfaction survey results were positive,with overall enjoyment,perception of the aroma,and intention to continue to use the aroma inhaler post-trial,which was high.Conclusions:Results from this study provide data to support the feasibility and acceptability of using essential oil via inhalation to help this population.Findings from this study will inform a more extensive study designed to examine effects within and between groups using a placebo.
文摘Objectives:The objectives of this study are to investigate the effect of midwifery-led comprehensive care in improving perinatal outcomes among women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.Materials and Methods:A single-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted among 150 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational hypertension after 20 weeks of gestation.The study was conducted between February 14,2022,and March 15,2024.Participants were randomly assigned(75 intervention,75 control)through computer-generated block randomization.The intervention arm received the midwifery-led comprehensive care,while the control group received standard routine care.The intervention was provided in 5 contact points(at 20 weeks,28 weeks,32 weeks,36 weeks,and before delivery)at the antenatal outpatient department(OPD).The tools used were a structured demographic questionnaire,structured tool for maternal and fetal outcomes.Data were collected at 20 weeks,28 weeks,32 weeks,and 36 weeks.Results:Neonatal resuscitation rate was lower in the intervention group(6.7%)than in the control group(21.3%).IUGR incidence(5.3%vs.16%)and fetal mortality(5.3%vs.14.7%)were also reduced.The independent sample t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that intervention arm has significantly improved key maternal and fetal parameters in terms of higher APGAR scores,better fetal heart rate at 32 weeks,and significantly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure,maternal weight,and proteinuria levels at various gestational weeks,indicating improved perinatal outcomes compared to the control group at P<0.05.Conclusion:Midwifery-led care positively influenced maternal health and fetal outcomes,reducing abnormal weight gain,stabilizing blood pressure,and reducing the adverse fetal outcome.As a feasible,scalable intervention,it can be generalized to diverse populations,emphasizing the need for broader implementation and further research.
基金Supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Funded by the Ministry of Education,No.NRF-RS-2023-00237287.
文摘BACKGROUND Internet gaming disorder(IGD)is a growing concern among adolescents and adults,necessitating effective treatment strategies beyond pharmacological interventions.AIM To evaluated the effectiveness of non-invasive interventions for treating IGD among adolescents and adults.METHODS A total of 11 randomized controlled trials published between 2020 and 2025 were included in this meta-analysis,encompassing 1208 participants from diverse geographic and cultural contexts.The interventions examined included cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT),internet-based CBT,neurofeedback,virtual reality therapy,abstinence-based programs,and school-based prevention.The primary outcomes assessed were reductions in gaming time and IGD severity.Secondary outcomes included improvements in mood,anxiety,and psychosocial functioning(e.g.,stronger peer relationships,better academic or work performance,and healthier daily-life role fulfillment).RESULTS The pooled standardized mean difference for IGD symptom reduction significantly favored non-invasive interventions(Hedges’g=0.56,95%CI:0.38-0.74,P<0.001),with moderate heterogeneity observed(I2=47%).Subgroup analyses indicated that CBT-based programs,both in-person and online,yielded the strongest effects,particularly when caregiver involvement or self-monitoring was incorporated.Funnel plot asymmetry was minimal,suggesting a low risk of publication bias.CONCLUSION These findings support the efficacy of scalable,low-risk non-invasive interventions as first-line treatment options for IGD,particularly in youth populations.Future studies should prioritize investigating long-term outcomes,comparing the effectiveness of different non-invasive modalities,and developing culturally adaptive delivery methods.
