A型牛轮状病毒(BRV-A)是引起牛腹泻的重要病原之一,对养牛业危害最大。为建立一种针对BRV-A的快速、高通量、低成本检测方法,根据BRV-A的VP6基因保守区设计特异性引物,建立了检测BRV-A的SYBR Green I RT-qPCR方法。该方法对浓度梯度为4....A型牛轮状病毒(BRV-A)是引起牛腹泻的重要病原之一,对养牛业危害最大。为建立一种针对BRV-A的快速、高通量、低成本检测方法,根据BRV-A的VP6基因保守区设计特异性引物,建立了检测BRV-A的SYBR Green I RT-qPCR方法。该方法对浓度梯度为4.41×10^(8)~4.41×10^(2) copies/μL质粒标准品的扩增Ct值与拷贝数浓度呈良好的线性关系,熔解曲线为单峰;与其他引起牛腹泻的常见病原无交叉反应,最低检测限为4.41×10^(1) copies/μL,批内、批间重复性试验Ct值变异系数均低于1%;对临床粪便样品的阳性检出率高于地方标准中的PCR方法,且检测结果符合性较好。综上,本研究建立的BRV-A SYBR Green I RT-qPCR检测方法灵敏、特异、稳定,且操作简单、成本低,为临床样品的大规模BRV-A检测及其感染的早期诊断提供了技术支撑。展开更多
String validation routines have been widely used in many real-world applications,such as email validation and postcode validation.String test cases are adopted to test these validation routines,to identify potential d...String validation routines have been widely used in many real-world applications,such as email validation and postcode validation.String test cases are adopted to test these validation routines,to identify potential defects and security risks.Random Testing(RT)is a well-known testing approach to randomly generate string test cases from the input domain(i.e.,the set of all possible test inputs),which is simple to implement at a low cost.However,its testing effectiveness may be unsatisfactory for string validation routines.The main reason for this is that RT may have a high probability to generate invalid rather than valid string test cases,due to its randomness property.This research proposes a new RT approach based on the output types(i.e.,valid and invalid strings)for string validation routines,namely Output-type-guided Random Testing(RTO),which attempts to randomly generate both valid and invalid string test cases with a certain probability.This research performed an empirical study involving several real-world string validation routines collected from ten Java open-source projects,to investigate and compare testing performances of RT-O against the previous two widely-used RT methods.The results show that the generated string test cases by RT-O outperform test cases generated by other RT methods.展开更多
Objective To develop and evaluate an automated system for digitizing audiograms,classifying hearing loss levels,and comparing their performance with traditional methods and otolaryngologists'interpretations.Design...Objective To develop and evaluate an automated system for digitizing audiograms,classifying hearing loss levels,and comparing their performance with traditional methods and otolaryngologists'interpretations.Designed and Methods We conducted a retrospective diagnostic study using 1,959 audiogram images from patients aged 7 years and older at the Faculty of Medicine,Vajira Hospital,Navamindradhiraj University.We employed an object detection approach to digitize audiograms and developed multiple machine learning models to classify six hearing loss levels.The dataset was split into 70%training(1,407 images)and 30%testing(352 images)sets.We compared our model's performance with classifications based on manually extracted audiogram values and otolaryngologists'interpretations.Result Our object detection-based model achieved an F1-score of 94.72%in classifying hearing loss levels,comparable to the 96.43%F1-score obtained using manually extracted values.The Light Gradient Boosting Machine(LGBM)model is used as the classifier for the manually extracted data,which achieved top performance with 94.72%accuracy,94.72%f1-score,94.72 recall,and 94.72 precision.In object detection based model,The Random Forest Classifier(RFC)model showed the highest 96.43%accuracy in predicting hearing loss level,with a F1-score of 96.43%,recall of 96.43%,and precision of 96.45%.Conclusion Our proposed automated approach for audiogram digitization and hearing loss classification performs comparably to traditional methods and otolaryngologists'interpretations.This system can potentially assist otolaryngologists in providing more timely and effective treatment by quickly and accurately classifying hearing loss.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety in patients with chronic heart failure(CHF) of Western medication plus Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) preparations.METHODS: This prospective, single-blind, randomized, c...OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety in patients with chronic heart failure(CHF) of Western medication plus Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) preparations.METHODS: This prospective, single-blind, randomized, controlled, and multicenter clinical trial began on September 17, 2008, and was completed on June 25, 2011. A total of 340 inpatients, aged 40-79 years, with exacerbating CHF from 10 hospitals were enrolled and randomly allocated within 24 h of admission. The trial included three intervention periods. During hospitalization, the control group received western medication for CHF and the treatment group received Danhong injection with Shenfu injection or Shenmai injection. After discharge,all patients were treated with Qiliqiangxin capsules and Buyiqiangxin tablets or a placebo for 6 months. After the 6-month intervention, both groups received only continuous western medication. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality.The efficacy assessments were as follows: B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP), Lee's HF score, the 6-minute walking test(6 MWT), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire(MLHFQ). The safety assessments were as follows: blood and urine routine examination, hepatic and renal function, electrolytes in blood and adverse events.RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the treatment group showed a 30.99% reduction in all-cause mortality and an improved survival rate.The treatment group showed greater improvement in 6 MWT(P = 0.02) than the control group on discharge, after 12-month follow-up, there was a time-group interaction for MLHFQ(P = 0.03). Incidence rate of adverse events and other relevant safety indexes were not statistically significant between the two groups.CONCLUSION: Western medication plus TCM treatment can increase 6-minute walking distance(improve exercise tolerance) and quality of life with heart failure patients.展开更多
The bolt support quality of coal roadways is one of the important factors for the efficiency and security of coal production. By means of a self-developed technique and equipment of random non-destructive testing, non...The bolt support quality of coal roadways is one of the important factors for the efficiency and security of coal production. By means of a self-developed technique and equipment of random non-destructive testing, non-destructive detection and pre-warning analysis on the quality of bolt support in deep roadways of mining districts were performed in a number of mining areas. The measured data were obtained in the detection instances of abnormal in-situ stress and support invalidation etc. The corresponding relation between axial bolt load variation and roadway surrounding rock deformation and stability was summarized in different mining service stages. Pre-warning technology of roadway surrounding rock stability is proposed based on the detection of axial bolt load. Meanwhile, pre-warning indicators of axial bolt load in different mining service stages are offered and some successful pre-warning cases are also illustrated.The research results show that the change rules of axial bolt load in different mining service stages are quite similar in different mining areas. The change of axial bolt load is in accord with the adjustment of surrounding rock stress, which can consequently reflect the deformation and stability state of roadway surrounding rock. Through the detection of axial bolt load in different sections of roadways, the status of real-time bolt support quality can be reflected; meanwhile, the rationality of bolt support design can be evaluated which provides reference for bolting parameters optimization.展开更多
In order to deal with the limitations during the register transfer level verification, a new functional verification method based on the random testing for the system-level of system-on-chip is proposed.The validity o...In order to deal with the limitations during the register transfer level verification, a new functional verification method based on the random testing for the system-level of system-on-chip is proposed.The validity of this method is proven theoretically.Specifically, testcases are generated according to many approaches of randomization.Moreover, the testbench for the system-level verification according to the proposed method is designed by using advanced modeling language.Therefore, under the circumstances that the testbench generates testcases quickly, the hardware/software co-simulation and co-verification can be implemented and the hardware/software partitioning planning can be evaluated easily.The comparison method is put to use in the evaluation approach of the testing validity.The evaluation result indicates that the efficiency of the partition testing is better than that of the random testing only when one or more subdomains are covered over with the area of errors, although the efficiency of the random testing is generally better than that of the partition testing.The experimental result indicates that this method has a good performance in the functional coverage and the cost of testing and can discover the functional errors as soon as possible.展开更多
Several prediction models have been developed to estimate the outcomes of prostate biopsies. Most of these tools were designed for use with Western populations and have not been validated across different ethnic group...Several prediction models have been developed to estimate the outcomes of prostate biopsies. Most of these tools were designed for use with Western populations and have not been validated across different ethnic groups. Therefore, we evaluated the predictive value of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial （PCPT） and the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer （ERSPC） risk calculators in a Chinese cohort. Clinicopathological information was obtained from 495 Chinese men who had undergone extended prostate biopsies between January 2009 and March 2011. The estimated probabilities of prostate cancer and high-grade disease （Gleason 〉6） were calculated using the PCPT and ERSPC risk calculators. Overall measures, discrimination, calibration and clinical usefulness were assessed for the model evaluation. Of these patients, 28.7% were diagnosed with prostate cancer and 19.4% had high-grade disease. Compared to the PCPT model and the prostate-specific antigen （PSA） threshold of 4 ng m1-1, the ERSPC risk calculator exhibited better discriminative ability for predicting positive biopsies and high-grade disease （the area under the curve was 0.831 and 0.852, respectively, P〈O.01 for both）. Decision curve analysis also suggested the favourable clinical utility of the ERSPC calculator in the validation dataset. Both prediction models demonstrated miscalibration： the risk of prostate cancer and high-grade disease was overestimated by approximately 20% for a wide range of predicted probabilities. In conclusion, the ERSPC risk calculator outperformed both the PCPT model and the PSA threshold of 4 ng ml- z in predicting prostate cancer and high-grade disease in Chinese patients. However, the prediction tools derived from Western men significantly overestimated the probability of prostate cancer and high-grade disease compared to the outcomes of biopsies in a Chinese cohort.展开更多
A new approach to improve the test efficiency of random testing is presented in this paper. In conventional random testing, each test pattern is selected randomly regardless of the tests previously generated. This pap...A new approach to improve the test efficiency of random testing is presented in this paper. In conventional random testing, each test pattern is selected randomly regardless of the tests previously generated. This paper introduces the concept of random like testing. The method provided appears to have the same concepts as used in random testing,but actually takes an opposite way to it in order to improve the efficiency of random testing.In a random like testing sequence, the total distance among all test patterns is chosen to be maximal so that the fault sets detected by one test pattern are as different as possible from that detected by the tests previously applied. The procedure to construct a random like testing sequence (RLTS) is described in detail. Theorems to justify the effectiveness and usefulness of the procedure presented are developed. Experimental results on benchmark circuits as well as on other circuit are also given to evaluate the performance of the new approach.展开更多
In this paper, it is discussed that two tests for varying dispersion of binomial data in the framework of nonlinear logistic models with random effects, which are widely used in analyzing longitudinal binomial data. O...In this paper, it is discussed that two tests for varying dispersion of binomial data in the framework of nonlinear logistic models with random effects, which are widely used in analyzing longitudinal binomial data. One is the individual test and power calculation for varying dispersion through testing the randomness of cluster effects, which is extensions of Dean(1992) and Commenges et al (1994). The second test is the composite test for varying dispersion through simultaneously testing the randomness of cluster effects and the equality of random-effect means. The score test statistics are constructed and expressed in simple, easy to use, matrix formulas. The authors illustrate their test methods using the insecticide data (Giltinan, Capizzi & Malani (1988)).展开更多
Chaos theory has taught us that a system which has both nonlinearity and random input will most likely produce irregular data. If random errors are irregular data, then random error process will raise nonlinearity （K...Chaos theory has taught us that a system which has both nonlinearity and random input will most likely produce irregular data. If random errors are irregular data, then random error process will raise nonlinearity （Kantz and Schreiber （1997））. Tsai （1986） introduced a composite test for autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity in linear models with AR（1） errors. Liu （2003） introduced a composite test for correlation and heteroscedasticity in nonlinear models with DBL（p, 0, 1） errors. Therefore, the important problems in regression model axe detections of bilinearity, correlation and heteroscedasticity. In this article, the authors discuss more general case of nonlinear models with DBL（p, q, 1） random errors by score test. Several statistics for the test of bilinearity, correlation, and heteroscedasticity are obtained, and expressed in simple matrix formulas. The results of regression models with linear errors are extended to those with bilinear errors. The simulation study is carried out to investigate the powers of the test statistics. All results of this article extend and develop results of Tsai （1986）, Wei, et al （1995）, and Liu, et al （2003）.展开更多
测试数据自动生成方法是软件测试领域研究的热点。基于遗传算法的启发式搜索算法是一种路径覆盖生成测试数据的方法。文中提出了一种基于自适应随机测试(Adaptive Random Testing,ART)算法更新种群的方法,将ART融入遗传算法,优化选择操...测试数据自动生成方法是软件测试领域研究的热点。基于遗传算法的启发式搜索算法是一种路径覆盖生成测试数据的方法。文中提出了一种基于自适应随机测试(Adaptive Random Testing,ART)算法更新种群的方法,将ART融入遗传算法,优化选择操作,动态更新种群,从而增加种群进化过程中的个体多样性,提高了收敛速度,有效地减少了陷入局部最优。实验结果显示,与传统遗传算法生成测试数据的方法相比,改进的算法明显提高了路径覆盖率,减少了种群平均进化代数。展开更多
Recently, Tavakoli et al.proposed a self-testing scheme in the prepare-and-measure scenario, showing that self-testing is not necessarily based on entanglement and violation of a Bell inequality [Phys.Rev.A 98 062307(...Recently, Tavakoli et al.proposed a self-testing scheme in the prepare-and-measure scenario, showing that self-testing is not necessarily based on entanglement and violation of a Bell inequality [Phys.Rev.A 98 062307(2018)].They realized the self-testing of preparations and measurements in an N → 1(N ≥ 2) random access code(RAC), and provided robustness bounds in a 2 → 1 RAC.Since all N → 1 RACs with shared randomness are combinations of 2 → 1 and 3 → 1 RACs, the3 → 1 RAC is just as important as the 2 → 1 RAC.In this paper, we find a set of preparations and measurements in the3 → 1 RAC, and use them to complete the robustness self-testing analysis in the prepare-and-measure scenario.The method is robust to small but inevitable experimental errors.展开更多
文摘A型牛轮状病毒(BRV-A)是引起牛腹泻的重要病原之一,对养牛业危害最大。为建立一种针对BRV-A的快速、高通量、低成本检测方法,根据BRV-A的VP6基因保守区设计特异性引物,建立了检测BRV-A的SYBR Green I RT-qPCR方法。该方法对浓度梯度为4.41×10^(8)~4.41×10^(2) copies/μL质粒标准品的扩增Ct值与拷贝数浓度呈良好的线性关系,熔解曲线为单峰;与其他引起牛腹泻的常见病原无交叉反应,最低检测限为4.41×10^(1) copies/μL,批内、批间重复性试验Ct值变异系数均低于1%;对临床粪便样品的阳性检出率高于地方标准中的PCR方法,且检测结果符合性较好。综上,本研究建立的BRV-A SYBR Green I RT-qPCR检测方法灵敏、特异、稳定,且操作简单、成本低,为临床样品的大规模BRV-A检测及其感染的早期诊断提供了技术支撑。
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao,Macao SAR(Nos.0021/2023/RIA1 and 0046/2021/A)a Faculty Research Grant of Macao University of Science and Technology(No.FRG-22-103-FIE)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61872167 and 61502205).
文摘String validation routines have been widely used in many real-world applications,such as email validation and postcode validation.String test cases are adopted to test these validation routines,to identify potential defects and security risks.Random Testing(RT)is a well-known testing approach to randomly generate string test cases from the input domain(i.e.,the set of all possible test inputs),which is simple to implement at a low cost.However,its testing effectiveness may be unsatisfactory for string validation routines.The main reason for this is that RT may have a high probability to generate invalid rather than valid string test cases,due to its randomness property.This research proposes a new RT approach based on the output types(i.e.,valid and invalid strings)for string validation routines,namely Output-type-guided Random Testing(RTO),which attempts to randomly generate both valid and invalid string test cases with a certain probability.This research performed an empirical study involving several real-world string validation routines collected from ten Java open-source projects,to investigate and compare testing performances of RT-O against the previous two widely-used RT methods.The results show that the generated string test cases by RT-O outperform test cases generated by other RT methods.
文摘Objective To develop and evaluate an automated system for digitizing audiograms,classifying hearing loss levels,and comparing their performance with traditional methods and otolaryngologists'interpretations.Designed and Methods We conducted a retrospective diagnostic study using 1,959 audiogram images from patients aged 7 years and older at the Faculty of Medicine,Vajira Hospital,Navamindradhiraj University.We employed an object detection approach to digitize audiograms and developed multiple machine learning models to classify six hearing loss levels.The dataset was split into 70%training(1,407 images)and 30%testing(352 images)sets.We compared our model's performance with classifications based on manually extracted audiogram values and otolaryngologists'interpretations.Result Our object detection-based model achieved an F1-score of 94.72%in classifying hearing loss levels,comparable to the 96.43%F1-score obtained using manually extracted values.The Light Gradient Boosting Machine(LGBM)model is used as the classifier for the manually extracted data,which achieved top performance with 94.72%accuracy,94.72%f1-score,94.72 recall,and 94.72 precision.In object detection based model,The Random Forest Classifier(RFC)model showed the highest 96.43%accuracy in predicting hearing loss level,with a F1-score of 96.43%,recall of 96.43%,and precision of 96.45%.Conclusion Our proposed automated approach for audiogram digitization and hearing loss classification performs comparably to traditional methods and otolaryngologists'interpretations.This system can potentially assist otolaryngologists in providing more timely and effective treatment by quickly and accurately classifying hearing loss.
基金Supported by National Key Technology R&D Programs in the 11th Five-Year Plan of China:Study on Comprehensive Evaluation Method of Integral Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment for Heart Failure(No.2006BAI08B02-01)Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China"Program for Innovative Research Team in University"–Research on TCM for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases(No.IRT_16R54)Tianjin Science and Technology Program:Tianjin TCM Clinical Medicine Research Center(No.15ZXLCSY00020)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety in patients with chronic heart failure(CHF) of Western medication plus Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) preparations.METHODS: This prospective, single-blind, randomized, controlled, and multicenter clinical trial began on September 17, 2008, and was completed on June 25, 2011. A total of 340 inpatients, aged 40-79 years, with exacerbating CHF from 10 hospitals were enrolled and randomly allocated within 24 h of admission. The trial included three intervention periods. During hospitalization, the control group received western medication for CHF and the treatment group received Danhong injection with Shenfu injection or Shenmai injection. After discharge,all patients were treated with Qiliqiangxin capsules and Buyiqiangxin tablets or a placebo for 6 months. After the 6-month intervention, both groups received only continuous western medication. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality.The efficacy assessments were as follows: B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP), Lee's HF score, the 6-minute walking test(6 MWT), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire(MLHFQ). The safety assessments were as follows: blood and urine routine examination, hepatic and renal function, electrolytes in blood and adverse events.RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the treatment group showed a 30.99% reduction in all-cause mortality and an improved survival rate.The treatment group showed greater improvement in 6 MWT(P = 0.02) than the control group on discharge, after 12-month follow-up, there was a time-group interaction for MLHFQ(P = 0.03). Incidence rate of adverse events and other relevant safety indexes were not statistically significant between the two groups.CONCLUSION: Western medication plus TCM treatment can increase 6-minute walking distance(improve exercise tolerance) and quality of life with heart failure patients.
基金the State Key Research Development Program of China(No.2016YFC0600705)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2015XKZD06)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51227003,51404250,51504243,51474215,51404262 and 51323004)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Nos.BK20150191 and BK20140213)
文摘The bolt support quality of coal roadways is one of the important factors for the efficiency and security of coal production. By means of a self-developed technique and equipment of random non-destructive testing, non-destructive detection and pre-warning analysis on the quality of bolt support in deep roadways of mining districts were performed in a number of mining areas. The measured data were obtained in the detection instances of abnormal in-situ stress and support invalidation etc. The corresponding relation between axial bolt load variation and roadway surrounding rock deformation and stability was summarized in different mining service stages. Pre-warning technology of roadway surrounding rock stability is proposed based on the detection of axial bolt load. Meanwhile, pre-warning indicators of axial bolt load in different mining service stages are offered and some successful pre-warning cases are also illustrated.The research results show that the change rules of axial bolt load in different mining service stages are quite similar in different mining areas. The change of axial bolt load is in accord with the adjustment of surrounding rock stress, which can consequently reflect the deformation and stability state of roadway surrounding rock. Through the detection of axial bolt load in different sections of roadways, the status of real-time bolt support quality can be reflected; meanwhile, the rationality of bolt support design can be evaluated which provides reference for bolting parameters optimization.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (2002AA1Z1490)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20040486049)the University Cooperative Research Fund of Huawei Technology Co., Ltd
文摘In order to deal with the limitations during the register transfer level verification, a new functional verification method based on the random testing for the system-level of system-on-chip is proposed.The validity of this method is proven theoretically.Specifically, testcases are generated according to many approaches of randomization.Moreover, the testbench for the system-level verification according to the proposed method is designed by using advanced modeling language.Therefore, under the circumstances that the testbench generates testcases quickly, the hardware/software co-simulation and co-verification can be implemented and the hardware/software partitioning planning can be evaluated easily.The comparison method is put to use in the evaluation approach of the testing validity.The evaluation result indicates that the efficiency of the partition testing is better than that of the random testing only when one or more subdomains are covered over with the area of errors, although the efficiency of the random testing is generally better than that of the partition testing.The experimental result indicates that this method has a good performance in the functional coverage and the cost of testing and can discover the functional errors as soon as possible.
文摘Several prediction models have been developed to estimate the outcomes of prostate biopsies. Most of these tools were designed for use with Western populations and have not been validated across different ethnic groups. Therefore, we evaluated the predictive value of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial （PCPT） and the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer （ERSPC） risk calculators in a Chinese cohort. Clinicopathological information was obtained from 495 Chinese men who had undergone extended prostate biopsies between January 2009 and March 2011. The estimated probabilities of prostate cancer and high-grade disease （Gleason 〉6） were calculated using the PCPT and ERSPC risk calculators. Overall measures, discrimination, calibration and clinical usefulness were assessed for the model evaluation. Of these patients, 28.7% were diagnosed with prostate cancer and 19.4% had high-grade disease. Compared to the PCPT model and the prostate-specific antigen （PSA） threshold of 4 ng m1-1, the ERSPC risk calculator exhibited better discriminative ability for predicting positive biopsies and high-grade disease （the area under the curve was 0.831 and 0.852, respectively, P〈O.01 for both）. Decision curve analysis also suggested the favourable clinical utility of the ERSPC calculator in the validation dataset. Both prediction models demonstrated miscalibration： the risk of prostate cancer and high-grade disease was overestimated by approximately 20% for a wide range of predicted probabilities. In conclusion, the ERSPC risk calculator outperformed both the PCPT model and the PSA threshold of 4 ng ml- z in predicting prostate cancer and high-grade disease in Chinese patients. However, the prediction tools derived from Western men significantly overestimated the probability of prostate cancer and high-grade disease compared to the outcomes of biopsies in a Chinese cohort.
文摘A new approach to improve the test efficiency of random testing is presented in this paper. In conventional random testing, each test pattern is selected randomly regardless of the tests previously generated. This paper introduces the concept of random like testing. The method provided appears to have the same concepts as used in random testing,but actually takes an opposite way to it in order to improve the efficiency of random testing.In a random like testing sequence, the total distance among all test patterns is chosen to be maximal so that the fault sets detected by one test pattern are as different as possible from that detected by the tests previously applied. The procedure to construct a random like testing sequence (RLTS) is described in detail. Theorems to justify the effectiveness and usefulness of the procedure presented are developed. Experimental results on benchmark circuits as well as on other circuit are also given to evaluate the performance of the new approach.
基金The project supported by NNSFC (19631040), NSSFC (04BTJ002) and the grant for post-doctor fellows in SELF.
文摘In this paper, it is discussed that two tests for varying dispersion of binomial data in the framework of nonlinear logistic models with random effects, which are widely used in analyzing longitudinal binomial data. One is the individual test and power calculation for varying dispersion through testing the randomness of cluster effects, which is extensions of Dean(1992) and Commenges et al (1994). The second test is the composite test for varying dispersion through simultaneously testing the randomness of cluster effects and the equality of random-effect means. The score test statistics are constructed and expressed in simple, easy to use, matrix formulas. The authors illustrate their test methods using the insecticide data (Giltinan, Capizzi & Malani (1988)).
文摘Chaos theory has taught us that a system which has both nonlinearity and random input will most likely produce irregular data. If random errors are irregular data, then random error process will raise nonlinearity （Kantz and Schreiber （1997））. Tsai （1986） introduced a composite test for autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity in linear models with AR（1） errors. Liu （2003） introduced a composite test for correlation and heteroscedasticity in nonlinear models with DBL（p, 0, 1） errors. Therefore, the important problems in regression model axe detections of bilinearity, correlation and heteroscedasticity. In this article, the authors discuss more general case of nonlinear models with DBL（p, q, 1） random errors by score test. Several statistics for the test of bilinearity, correlation, and heteroscedasticity are obtained, and expressed in simple matrix formulas. The results of regression models with linear errors are extended to those with bilinear errors. The simulation study is carried out to investigate the powers of the test statistics. All results of this article extend and develop results of Tsai （1986）, Wei, et al （1995）, and Liu, et al （2003）.
文摘测试数据自动生成方法是软件测试领域研究的热点。基于遗传算法的启发式搜索算法是一种路径覆盖生成测试数据的方法。文中提出了一种基于自适应随机测试(Adaptive Random Testing,ART)算法更新种群的方法,将ART融入遗传算法,优化选择操作,动态更新种群,从而增加种群进化过程中的个体多样性,提高了收敛速度,有效地减少了陷入局部最优。实验结果显示,与传统遗传算法生成测试数据的方法相比,改进的算法明显提高了路径覆盖率,减少了种群平均进化代数。
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61572081,61672110,and 61671082)
文摘Recently, Tavakoli et al.proposed a self-testing scheme in the prepare-and-measure scenario, showing that self-testing is not necessarily based on entanglement and violation of a Bell inequality [Phys.Rev.A 98 062307(2018)].They realized the self-testing of preparations and measurements in an N → 1(N ≥ 2) random access code(RAC), and provided robustness bounds in a 2 → 1 RAC.Since all N → 1 RACs with shared randomness are combinations of 2 → 1 and 3 → 1 RACs, the3 → 1 RAC is just as important as the 2 → 1 RAC.In this paper, we find a set of preparations and measurements in the3 → 1 RAC, and use them to complete the robustness self-testing analysis in the prepare-and-measure scenario.The method is robust to small but inevitable experimental errors.
