[ Objective ] The paper was to explore effects of Tomato aspermy virus （TAV） -free on chlorophyll content and nitrogen metabolism of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. ＇Huaibai＇, in order to provide a theoretical bas...[ Objective ] The paper was to explore effects of Tomato aspermy virus （TAV） -free on chlorophyll content and nitrogen metabolism of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. ＇Huaibai＇, in order to provide a theoretical basis for field popularization and application of TAV-free ＇ Huai bai＇ plantlets. [ Method] With previously acquired TAV-free test-tube plantlets of ＇ Huaibai＇ as the experimental materials and its ordinary test-tube plantlets as the control （CK）, chlorophyll content and some indexes related to nitrogen metabolism in leaves were determined during subculture. [ Result] During subculture, the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in leaves of CK and TAV-free ＇ Huaibai＇ test-tube plantlets increased with the subculture days. Both realized the largest increase at the 22＇h day of subculture, and their increase amplitudes were 5.24% and 41.69%, respectively. Compared with CK, the chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents of TAV-free test-tube plantlets increased at the same time point of subculture, with significant difference （P 〈0.05） or extremely significant difference （P 〈0.01 ）. Further- more, the nitrate reductase （NR） activity, free proline and soluble protein contents of TAV-free ＇ Huaibai＇ were all significantly higher than those of CK, and the highest increase amplitudes were 27.99% （ subculture for 22 d）, 28.10% （ subculture for 22 d） and 5.89% （ subculture for 38 d）, respectively. [ Conclusion] TAV-free could effectively improve chlorophyll content and nitrogen metabolism level of ＇ Huaibai＇ , and was conducive to its growth and development.展开更多
Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.is an important industrial crop with a high medicinal value,whose capitulum consists of ray and disc florets containing numerous bioactive components,such as flavonoids and phenolic acid...Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.is an important industrial crop with a high medicinal value,whose capitulum consists of ray and disc florets containing numerous bioactive components,such as flavonoids and phenolic acids.However,the distribution and accumulations of the bioactive metabolites in florets of Chrysanthemum morifolium were unclear.Herein,the ray and disc florets of Chrysanthemum morifolium were separated for comparing the bioactive metabolites.The contents of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities were significantly different between the two florets.The metabolomic analysis identified 203 and 241 differential metabolites between ray and disc florets at two flowering stages.The derivatives of quercetin,isorhamnetin,tricin,and caffeoylquinic acid were enriched in the disc florets,while apigenin,kaempferol,acacetin,and their glycosides mainly accumulated in the ray florets.Besides,the results of transcriptome and qRT-PCR suggested that the F3H,F3'H,and FLS genes highly expressed in disc florets,while the FNS gene was well expressed in ray florets,which explained the different distribution of phenolic compounds between ray and disc florets.Furthermore,the expression of CmCYC2 genes was found to be significantly related to the distribution of flavones by correlation analysis.It was proved by the luciferase reporter assay that CmCYC2a and CmCYC2d factors could bind and activate the CmFNS promoter to regulate the flavones biosynthesis in ray florets.These results revealed the significant difference of metabolite contents and gene expression profile between ray and disc floret in Chrysanthemum morifolium and demonstrated that the quality of Chrysanthemum morifolium‘Hangju'was closely relevant to its flower morphology.展开更多
An efficient method for the simultaneous quantification of three flavone aglycones was developed and validated for the control of flavonoids in Flos Chrysanthemi （FC）. The method employed mixed solvent of hydrochlor...An efficient method for the simultaneous quantification of three flavone aglycones was developed and validated for the control of flavonoids in Flos Chrysanthemi （FC）. The method employed mixed solvent of hydrochloric acid （HC1） and methanol to extract and hydrolyze flavone glycosides simultaneously from powdered FC followed by HPLC to determine the contents of three flavone aglycones, luteolin, apigenin and diosmetin, which are the major bioactive flavones in FC. The extraction and hydrolysis conditions optimized by the orthogonal tests were as follows： powdered FC was refluxed in 80% methanol （v/v） containing 2.4 M HC1 for 2 h in 80 ℃ water bath. The HPLC separation was performed on C18 column and detected with DAD at 344 nm. The calibration curves for luteolin, apigenin and diosmetin were linear over the ranges of 2.233-71.46 μg/mL, 1.668-53.38 μg/mL and 1.410-45.11 μg/mL, their assay recoveries were 100.3%, 103.9% and 100.4%, their intra-day repeatability （R.S.D.） were 0.68%, 0.21% and 0.38% and their inter-day repeatability were 2.6%, 1.7% and 2.0%, respectively. The developed method has been successfully utilized to assay eight species of popular FC samples, especially to analyze Hangbaiju, the well-known FC in China.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31372105)Subproject of Special Research of National Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry(201407005-08)+1 种基金Support Project of Science and Technology Innovation Teams in Colleges and Universities of Henan Province(15IRTSTHN020)Project for Construction of Innovative Science and Technology Talent Team in Henan Province(C20130037)
文摘[ Objective ] The paper was to explore effects of Tomato aspermy virus （TAV） -free on chlorophyll content and nitrogen metabolism of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. ＇Huaibai＇, in order to provide a theoretical basis for field popularization and application of TAV-free ＇ Huai bai＇ plantlets. [ Method] With previously acquired TAV-free test-tube plantlets of ＇ Huaibai＇ as the experimental materials and its ordinary test-tube plantlets as the control （CK）, chlorophyll content and some indexes related to nitrogen metabolism in leaves were determined during subculture. [ Result] During subculture, the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in leaves of CK and TAV-free ＇ Huaibai＇ test-tube plantlets increased with the subculture days. Both realized the largest increase at the 22＇h day of subculture, and their increase amplitudes were 5.24% and 41.69%, respectively. Compared with CK, the chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents of TAV-free test-tube plantlets increased at the same time point of subculture, with significant difference （P 〈0.05） or extremely significant difference （P 〈0.01 ）. Further- more, the nitrate reductase （NR） activity, free proline and soluble protein contents of TAV-free ＇ Huaibai＇ were all significantly higher than those of CK, and the highest increase amplitudes were 27.99% （ subculture for 22 d）, 28.10% （ subculture for 22 d） and 5.89% （ subculture for 38 d）, respectively. [ Conclusion] TAV-free could effectively improve chlorophyll content and nitrogen metabolism level of ＇ Huaibai＇ , and was conducive to its growth and development.
基金financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81503180)the Opening Project of Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Grant No.2021E10013)+1 种基金the Opening Project of NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Grant No.AHYJ-KFKT-202101)the Earmarked fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System(Grant No.JATS[2022]460)。
文摘Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.is an important industrial crop with a high medicinal value,whose capitulum consists of ray and disc florets containing numerous bioactive components,such as flavonoids and phenolic acids.However,the distribution and accumulations of the bioactive metabolites in florets of Chrysanthemum morifolium were unclear.Herein,the ray and disc florets of Chrysanthemum morifolium were separated for comparing the bioactive metabolites.The contents of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities were significantly different between the two florets.The metabolomic analysis identified 203 and 241 differential metabolites between ray and disc florets at two flowering stages.The derivatives of quercetin,isorhamnetin,tricin,and caffeoylquinic acid were enriched in the disc florets,while apigenin,kaempferol,acacetin,and their glycosides mainly accumulated in the ray florets.Besides,the results of transcriptome and qRT-PCR suggested that the F3H,F3'H,and FLS genes highly expressed in disc florets,while the FNS gene was well expressed in ray florets,which explained the different distribution of phenolic compounds between ray and disc florets.Furthermore,the expression of CmCYC2 genes was found to be significantly related to the distribution of flavones by correlation analysis.It was proved by the luciferase reporter assay that CmCYC2a and CmCYC2d factors could bind and activate the CmFNS promoter to regulate the flavones biosynthesis in ray florets.These results revealed the significant difference of metabolite contents and gene expression profile between ray and disc floret in Chrysanthemum morifolium and demonstrated that the quality of Chrysanthemum morifolium‘Hangju'was closely relevant to its flower morphology.
基金The Ministry of Sciences and Technology of China (Grant No. 2006BAI06A18-11)Administration and Traditional Chinese Medicine,Zhejiang,China (Grant No. 2007ZA012)
文摘An efficient method for the simultaneous quantification of three flavone aglycones was developed and validated for the control of flavonoids in Flos Chrysanthemi （FC）. The method employed mixed solvent of hydrochloric acid （HC1） and methanol to extract and hydrolyze flavone glycosides simultaneously from powdered FC followed by HPLC to determine the contents of three flavone aglycones, luteolin, apigenin and diosmetin, which are the major bioactive flavones in FC. The extraction and hydrolysis conditions optimized by the orthogonal tests were as follows： powdered FC was refluxed in 80% methanol （v/v） containing 2.4 M HC1 for 2 h in 80 ℃ water bath. The HPLC separation was performed on C18 column and detected with DAD at 344 nm. The calibration curves for luteolin, apigenin and diosmetin were linear over the ranges of 2.233-71.46 μg/mL, 1.668-53.38 μg/mL and 1.410-45.11 μg/mL, their assay recoveries were 100.3%, 103.9% and 100.4%, their intra-day repeatability （R.S.D.） were 0.68%, 0.21% and 0.38% and their inter-day repeatability were 2.6%, 1.7% and 2.0%, respectively. The developed method has been successfully utilized to assay eight species of popular FC samples, especially to analyze Hangbaiju, the well-known FC in China.
