[Objective] Antibiotics are extensively given to livestock to promote its growth and reduce its diseases.Therefore,antibiotics may be present in manure and slurry from their parent compound and/or metabolites.The soil...[Objective] Antibiotics are extensively given to livestock to promote its growth and reduce its diseases.Therefore,antibiotics may be present in manure and slurry from their parent compound and/or metabolites.The soil environments may be exposed to these antibiotics due to the application of animal manure to agricultural land.So,in this study,accumulation and phytotoxicity indicators were analyzed to evaluate the effects of oxytetracycline （OTC,C22H24N2O9HCI） on vegetable crop.[Method] A pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse,radish plant （Raphanus sativus L.） was grown for seven weeks in two soils （sand soil and clayey soil） that were amended with pig manure and spiked with six levels （0,2,5,10,25 and 50 mg per kg of soil） of oxytetracycline for observing the potential effects of long-term application of antibiotics-contained animal manure on plant growth and determining whether or not radish plant grown in manure-applied soils absorbs OTC present in the soils.Contents of oxytetracycline in both root and shoot tissues were determined,and effects of soil oxytetracycline pollution on photosynthesis and biomass of the plant were monitored.[Result] The results showed that radish plant can absorb OTC from the soils.The concentration of OTC in plant tissues increased with increasing the concentration of OTC present in the soils,and was higher at the initial growth stage than at last stage of the plant.Higher concentration of OTC was found in roots than shoots of the plant.Bioavailability of OTC in the sandy soil was greater than that in clayey soil.OTC did not affect the growth of the plants when its concentration in the soils was less than 10 mg/kg.However,higher concentration of soil OTC （＞25 mg/kg） caused serious stress in the plant,reducing photosynthetic rate of leaves and biomass of both roots and shoot.[Conclusion] This study points out the potential human health risk associated with consumption of fresh vegetable grown in the soils amended with antibiotic laden manures.展开更多
Effect of 24-epibrassinolide and 28-homobrassinolide on the germination and seedling growth of radish (Raphanus sativus) subjected to water stress being imposed by 15% (w/v) polyethylene glycol (equivalent to -2.95 ba...Effect of 24-epibrassinolide and 28-homobrassinolide on the germination and seedling growth of radish (Raphanus sativus) subjected to water stress being imposed by 15% (w/v) polyethylene glycol (equivalent to -2.95 bars of osmotic pressure) was studied. Brassinosteroids supplementation reduced the inhibitory effect of water stress on seed germination and seedling growth. The growth stimulation in radish seedlings by brassinosteroids under desiccation stress was associated with elevated levels of nucleic acids and soluble proteins and lowered activities of RNase. The mitigation of osmotic stress imposed by PEG was associated with increased scavenging of reactive oxygen species as reflected in elevated activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase. Brassinosteroids also enhanced the accumulation of the osmolyte free proline in radish seedlings challenged with drought stress. The two brassinosteroids also maintained membrane integrity under water deficiency conditions as indicated by lowered lipid peroxidation reflecting in reduced MDA content. The results of present study demonstrate the protective role of brassinosteroids against PEG imposed water stress in radish seedlings.展开更多
The research addresses the identification of a screening methodology for salt stress tolerance in radish cultivars. In the first experiment, two different radish cultivars(long white and round red) were compared in th...The research addresses the identification of a screening methodology for salt stress tolerance in radish cultivars. In the first experiment, two different radish cultivars(long white and round red) were compared in their morphological and physiological responses to different salinity levels. Round red radish showed better morphological and physiological responses to incremental salinity in terms of yield and better adaptation of overall water relations. In the second experiment, the most tolerant genotype from the first experiment was used as a control against other seven round red radish genotypes ranked by their salinity tolerance according to morphological, physiological and biochemical indices. Salt stress did not significantly affect malondialdehyde(MDA) and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) content, and ascorbate peroxidase(APX) activity in the studied cultivars. Nonetheless, the relatively salt tolerant cultivar SAXA2 showed higher ability to accumulate compatible solutes(e.g.proline and proteins) and maintain osmotic adjustment. In addition, cultivar SAXA2 also showed considerable increase in glutathione reductase(GR) activity. Our results supported that accumulation of proline and higher GR activity are associated with radish salt tolerance, whereas no relationship with salinity was observed in superoxide dismutase(SOD), MDA and H2O2 content.展开更多
Radish(Raphanus sativus L.)is an important vegetable crop worldwide.High nutritional quality was critical in its genetic improvement and production.The nutritional quality of 42 Chinese radish cultivars was analyzed i...Radish(Raphanus sativus L.)is an important vegetable crop worldwide.High nutritional quality was critical in its genetic improvement and production.The nutritional quality of 42 Chinese radish cultivars was analyzed in this study.The contents of six nutritional facts,dry matter(DM),crude fiber(CF),total soluble sugar(TSS),vitamin C(Vc),protein,and nitrate,ranged from 29.7 to 88.2,4.507 to 18.546,2.233 to 15.457,0.1416 to 0.3341,0.34 to 1.15,and 1.81 to 5.89 g·kg^-1 fresh weight(FW),respectively.Significant differences among the 42 radish cultivars were detected in the contents of nutritional facts.The data were subjected to cross-correlation analysis and principal component analysis(PCA).It was found that DM content was positively correlated with the content of TSS(r=0.7104),Vc(r=0.4011)and protein(r=0.4120).Vitamin C(Vc)content of radish showed a positive correlation(r=0.3300)with the protein content.According to the principal component analysis,out of the 42 radish cultivars,Nau-17,Nau-28,Nau-6,Nau-11,Nau-10,Nau-27,and Nau-31 were detected with very high scores in comprehensive evaluation.It could be concluded that abundant diversity of nutritional fact content occurred in different radish genotypes,and PCA analysis was effective for selecting radish germplasm with high quality.The results could contribute useful knowledge of nutritional quality,and provide important germplasms for the elite cultivar development and the inheritance study of nutritional facts in radish.展开更多
Downy mildew （DM）, caused by the fungus Peronospora parasitica, is a destructive disease of radish （Raphanus sativus L.） worldwide. Host resistance has been considered as an attractive and environmentally friendly...Downy mildew （DM）, caused by the fungus Peronospora parasitica, is a destructive disease of radish （Raphanus sativus L.） worldwide. Host resistance has been considered as an attractive and environmentally friendly approach to control the disease. However, the genetic mechanisms of resistance in radish to the pathogen remain unknown. To determine the inheritance of resistance to DM, F1, F2 and BC1F1 populations derived from reciprocal crosses between a resistant line NAU-dhp08 and a susceptible line NAU-qtbjq-06 were evaluated for their responses to DM at seedling stage. All F1 hybrid plants showed high resistance to DM and maternal effect was not detected. The segregation for resistant to susceptible individuals statistically iftted a 3：1 ratio in two F2 populations （F2（SR） and F2（RS））, and 1：1 ratio in two BC1F1 populations, indicating that resistance to DM at seedling stage in radish was controlled by a single dominant locus designated as RsDmR. A total of 1 972 primer pairs （1 036 SRAP, 628 RAPD, 126 RGA, 110 EST-SSR and 72 ISSR） were screened, and 36 were polymorphic between the resistant and susceptible bulks, and consequently used for genotyping individuals in the F2 population. Three markers （Em9/ga24370, NAUISSR826700 and Me7/em10400） linked to the RsDmR locus within a 10.0 cM distance were identiifed using bulked segregant analysis （BSA）. The SRAP marker Em9/ga24370 was the most tightly linked one with a distance of 2.3 cM to RsDmR. These markers tightly linked to the RsDmR locus would facilitate marker-assisted selection and resistance gene pyramiding in radish breeding programs.展开更多
Myrosinase is a defense-related enzyme and is capable of hydrolyzing glucosinolates into a variety of compounds, some of which are toxic to pathogens and herbivores. Many studies revealed that a number of important ve...Myrosinase is a defense-related enzyme and is capable of hydrolyzing glucosinolates into a variety of compounds, some of which are toxic to pathogens and herbivores. Many studies revealed that a number of important vegetables or oil crops contain the myrosinase-glucosinolate system. However, the related promoter and genomic DNA sequences as well as expression profiles of myrosinase gene remain largely unexplored in radish（Raphanus sativus）. In this study, the 2 798 bp genomic DNA sequence, designated as RsMyr2, was isolated and analyzed in radish. The RsMyr2 consisting of 12 exons and 11 introns reflected the common gene structure of myrosinases. Using the genomic DNA walking approach, the 5′-flanking region upstream of RsMyr2 with length of 1 711 bp was successfully isolated. PLACE and PlantCARE analyses revealed that this upstream region could be the promoter of RsMyr2, which contained several basic cis-regulatory elements including TATA-box, CAAT-box and regulatory motifs responsive to defense and stresses. Furthermore, recombinant pET-RsMyr2 protein separated by SDS-PAGE was identified as myrosinase with mass spectrometry. Real-time PCR analysis showed differential expression profiles of RsMyr2 in leaf, stem and root at different developmental stages（e.g., higher expression in leaf at cotyledon stage and lower in flesh root at mature stage）. Additionally, the RsMyr2 gene exhibited up-regulated expression when treated with abscisic acid（ABA）, methyl jasmonate（MeJA） and hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）, whereas it was down-regulated by wounding（WO） treatment. The findings indicated that the expression of RsMyr2 gene was differentially regulated by these stress treatments. These results could provide new insight into elucidating the molecular characterization and biological function of myrosinase in radish.展开更多
Radish(Raphanus sativus L.), an important root vegetable crop of the Brassicaceae family, has a high level of anthocyanin accumulation in its pigment root tissues. It was reported that MYB transcription factors(TFs) p...Radish(Raphanus sativus L.), an important root vegetable crop of the Brassicaceae family, has a high level of anthocyanin accumulation in its pigment root tissues. It was reported that MYB transcription factors(TFs) play vital roles in plant development and anthocyanin metabolism, and the PAP1/2 could promote expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. In this study, a total of 187 radish MYB genes(Rs MYBs) were identified in the radish genome and clustered into 32 subfamilies. Among them, 159 Rs MYBs were localized on nine radish chromosomes. Interestingly, 14 Rs MYBs exhibited differential expression profiles in different taproot developmental stages among four differently colored radish lines. A number of Rs MYBs were highly expressed in the pigmented root tissues at the maturity stage, several genes including Rs MYB41, Rs MYB117, and Rs MYB132 being homologous to PAP1/2, showed high expression levels in the red skin of NAU-YH(red skin-white flesh) taproot, while Rs MYB65 and Rs MYB159 were highly expressed in the purple root skin of NAU-YZH(purple skin-red flesh), indicating that these Rs MYBs might positively regulate the process of anthocyanin accumulation in radish taproot. These results would provide valuable information for further functional characterization of Rs MYBs, and facilitate clarifying the molecular mechanism underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis in radish.展开更多
An effective and simple screening technique for identification of salt tolerant and salt sensitive radish genotypes was observed. Sand is used as potting media. Six genotypes of radish were used for screening against ...An effective and simple screening technique for identification of salt tolerant and salt sensitive radish genotypes was observed. Sand is used as potting media. Six genotypes of radish were used for screening against four salinity levels (0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 dS/m<sup>-1</sup>). Twenty days old seedlings of radish were salinized with salt solution (NaCl). Morphological, physiological and ionic parameters were studied. Radish genotypes Laal-Pari and 40 Days executed the best performance in all the measured attributes and categorized as salt tolerant genotype while Green Neck was the poorest in retaining normal functioning at higher salinity levels thus grouped under salt sensitive cultivar.展开更多
The fleshy taproot of radish is an important storage organ determining its yield and quality.Taproot thickening is a complex developmental process in radish.However,the molecular mechanisms governing this process rema...The fleshy taproot of radish is an important storage organ determining its yield and quality.Taproot thickening is a complex developmental process in radish.However,the molecular mechanisms governing this process remain unclear at the proteome level.In this study,a comparative proteomic analysis was performed to analyze the proteome changes at three developmental stages of taproot thickening using iTRAQ approach.In total,1862 differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)were identified from 6342 high-confidence proteins,among which 256 up-regulated proteins displayed overlapped accumulation in S1(pre-cortex splitting stage)vs.S2(cortex splitting stage)and S1 vs.S3(expanding stage)pairs,whereas 122 up-regulated proteins displayed overlapped accumulation in S1 vs.S3 and S2 vs.S3 pairs.Gene Ontology(GO)and pathway enrichment analysis showed that these DEPs were mainly involved in several processes such as“starch and sucrose metabolism”,“plant hormone signal transduction”,and“biosynthesis of secondary metabolites”.A high concordance existed between iTRAQ and RT-qPCR at the mRNA expression levels.Furthermore,association analysis showed that 187,181,and 96 DEPs were matched with their corresponding differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in S1 vs.S2,S1 vs.S3,and S2 vs.S3 comparison,respectively.Notably,several functional proteins including cell division cycle 5-like protein(CDC5),expansin B1(EXPB1),and xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase protein 24(XTH24)were responsible for cell division and expansion during radish taproot thickening process.These results could facilitate a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying taproot thickening,and provide valuable information for the identification of critical genes/proteins responsible for taproot thickening in root vegetable crops.展开更多
The growth and development of taproots are inhibited by cold stress in radish(Raphanus sativus L.).Ethylene-responsive element binding factors(ERF)are key participators in the cold stress response and growth regulatio...The growth and development of taproots are inhibited by cold stress in radish(Raphanus sativus L.).Ethylene-responsive element binding factors(ERF)are key participators in the cold stress response and growth regulation of plants.However,the function of ERF genes in cold tolerance and root development in radish remains elusive.Here,we showed that the secondary growth of radish taproots was inhibited by cold stress.Comparative transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the RsERF40 gene is an important regulator of the cold stress response and root growth regulation.The cold tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the RsERF40 gene was significantly improved.Overexpressing RsERF40 in the cold-sensitive radish genotype and silencing RsERF40 in the cold-tolerant radish genotype indicated that RsERF40 was beneficial for alleviating oxidative damage under cold stress in radish.Transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings showed an increase in the elongation and radial growth of dark-grown roots.RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression of the cold-related genes(CORs)RsCOR78 and RsCOR413PM1 and the cell wall strengthening-related genes RsCESA6 and RsEXPB3 was upregulated in transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings.Yeast one-hybrid(Y1H)and dual-luciferase reporter assays(DLA)revealed that RsERF40 directly regulates RsCOR78,RsCOR413PM1,RsCESA6 and RsEXPB3 expression,illustrating that RsERF40 enhances cold tolerance and taproot growth by modulating osmotic adjustment and cell wall mechanical strength in radish.In this study,the RsERF40-regulon was firstly found to be a new cold response pathway independent of the CBF-COR pathway conferring cold stress tolerance with increasing radish taproot growth.These results provided novel insight into the molecular mechanism underlying cold stress response and would facilitate the genetic improvement of cold tolerance in radish and other root vegetable crops.展开更多
The effect on the germination and seedling growth of radish(Raphanus sativus)seeds were examined employing a dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)at atmospheric pressure and room temperature for various treatment time.DBD...The effect on the germination and seedling growth of radish(Raphanus sativus)seeds were examined employing a dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)at atmospheric pressure and room temperature for various treatment time.DBD plasma using argon gas of flow rate 21 m^(-1)was employed in this study.Radish seeds were treated with DBD plasma for 1-5 min,respectively.Germination characteristics,seedling growth parameters,the contact angle of the seed coat,water uptake capacity,mass loss,the temperature of the seeds,chlorophyll,and carotenoid contents of the seedlings were measured before and after the DBD plasma treatments.Plasma treatment of radish seeds significantly increased germination-related characters,including germination percentage,fresh and dry weight,vigor index,and total carotenoids contents.However,the cumulative production rate was found to be decreased.Results from the experiment indicate an acceleration in the water uptake of the radish seeds and make the seed surface hydrophilic by plasma treatment.Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that etching effects on the seed coat occurred after the argon plasma treatments,which affected the wettability of the radish seed.The experimental findings showed that seeds being treated by DBD plasma for 2 and 3 min had a positive effect on the germination and seedling growth of radish.展开更多
The components of glucosinolates( GSL) in the succulent roots and leaves of three kinds of fruity radish( Xinlimei,Super Zhengyan,and Shawo) were identified and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC...The components of glucosinolates( GSL) in the succulent roots and leaves of three kinds of fruity radish( Xinlimei,Super Zhengyan,and Shawo) were identified and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC). Results showed that there were nine kinds of glucosinolates in the succulent roots and leaves of three kinds of fruity radish,including six kinds of aliphatic glucosinolates( 4-methyl sulfinyl-3-butenyl glucosinolates,2-allyl glucosinolates,4-methyl sulfinyl butyl glucosinolates,5-methyl sulfinyl amyl glucosinolates,4-methyl n-butyl glucosinolates,4-methyl thio-3-butenyl glucosinolates) and three kinds of indole glucosinolates( 4-methoxy methyl indole glucosinolates,3-methyl indole glucosinolates,1-methoxy methyl indole glucosinolates),but there were significant differences in the content of glucosinolates between different varieties and organs. The total content of glucosinolates in succulent roots of three kinds of fruity radish was22 472. 84,13 585. 86,and 28 200. 70 μg/g DM respectively,and more than 95% were aliphatic glucosinolates. The content of glucosinolates in succulent roots was 4. 56,2. 71,and 4. 55 times of that in leaves of three kinds of fruity radish. Main aliphatic glucosinolates in succulent roots and leaves of three kinds of fruity radish were 4-methyl sulfinyl-3-butenyl glucosinolates,accounting for 90. 11%-93. 92% and63. 03%-73. 72% of total content of glucosinolates.展开更多
A pot experiment was carried out to investigate the comparative effect of city finished compost and NPK fertilizer on the growth and availability of phosphorus to radish (Raphanus sativus L.). An air dried sandy loam ...A pot experiment was carried out to investigate the comparative effect of city finished compost and NPK fertilizer on the growth and availability of phosphorus to radish (Raphanus sativus L.). An air dried sandy loam soil was mixed with five rates of city finished compost (CFC) equivalent to 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 ton ha–1 and three rates of NPK fertilizer equivalent to 50% (N-P-K = 69-16-35 kg ha–1), 100% (N-P-K = 137-32-70 kg ha–1 K) and 150% (N-P-K = 206-48-105 kg ha–1). Four plants were harvested at 45 days of growth and remaining one plant was harvested at 90 days of growth and separated into leaves and bulbs. After harvest, soil samples were collected from each pot to measure soil pH and available P extracted by Olsen, Mehlich-3, Kelowna and Bray & Kurtz-1 extractants. The growth parameters (length of leaves and bulbs, fresh and dry weight of leaves and bulbs), relative dry matter yield, plant P concentrations, P uptake by radish, soil pH, and available P increased by the rates of CFC and NPK fertilizer treatments. Among the treatments, growth performance of radish was better with the highest rate of 40 t ha–1 CFC treatments. The results obtained from the 5 and 10 t ha–1 CFC treatment were comparable with the results of 50% and 100% NPK fertilizer treatments respectively. Similar effects of amendments were obtained in the case of plant P concentration, uptake of P by plant, soil pH and available soil P concentration. Available P and soil pH showed very strong and positive correlation (P –1 city finished compost could be used instead of 100% to obtain similar yield and to improve soil conditions.展开更多
[Objective] The aims were to ① conduct anther culture of Chinese radish varieties; ② observe the development of embryos from anther culture; ③ study the response of different genotypes to embryogenesis in anther cu...[Objective] The aims were to ① conduct anther culture of Chinese radish varieties; ② observe the development of embryos from anther culture; ③ study the response of different genotypes to embryogenesis in anther culture; ④ observe the morphology of regenerated plantlets; ⑤ analyze the ploidy level of regenerated plantlets arising from the anther culture process. [Method]Anthers of 15 genotypes with diverse genetic backgrounds of Chinese radish have been cultured in vitro and induced to undergo embryogenesis and plant formation. [Result] Of 15 genotypes evaluated,four produced embryos. The genotype was the main factor to influence the embryogenesis. The morphology and the ploidy of the regenerated plantlets were observed,and the anther-derived plantlets included a mix of haploids,diploids and hexaploids. Of the plants that regenerated from anther embryos 60% were diploid. [Conclusion] The plantlets had the high ability to double spontaneously.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to screen out a vernalization method of radish that is more suitable for breeding and hybrid production.[Methods]Eight radish inbred lines with different bolting tolerance were use...[Objectives]This study was conducted to screen out a vernalization method of radish that is more suitable for breeding and hybrid production.[Methods]Eight radish inbred lines with different bolting tolerance were used as the research objects for the experiment.The following three treatments were done:(1)treating at 4℃in the dark with heat preservation for 1,2,3,4,and 5 weeks,respectively~([1]),(2)treating at 4℃in the dark with heat preservation for 3 weeks after 24 h incubation in light at 20℃,and(3)treating under light at a low temperature of 6.5℃for three weeks after cultivating under light at 20℃to 4 true leaves.The effects of low temperature treatment on the bolting and flowering time of different varieties of radish treated at different developmental stages were analyzed.[Results]When comparing these three methods,the low-temperature treatment of wet seeds had a better effect on early bolting of radish and is simpler and more feasible.The effect of treating four-leaf seedlings at 6.5℃was the worst;most radish inbred lines could shorten bolting time when treated at 4℃for one week;and within a certain range,the longer the 4℃treatment time,the better the vernalization effect.Different radish inbred lines had different performances to low temperature treatment.[Conclusions]This study provides a scientific basis for the theoretical research on vernalization of radish.展开更多
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of explants and hormone combinations on the callogenesis, calli growth and regeneration of local variety of radish （Beeralu Rabu）. As well as three explant types：...This study was conducted to investigate the effects of explants and hormone combinations on the callogenesis, calli growth and regeneration of local variety of radish （Beeralu Rabu）. As well as three explant types： hypocotyl, leaf and root, seven hormone combination based on Murashige and Skoog （MS） medium as 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D） with 0.1 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid （NAA） and without hormones （control） were employed. Then immerged calli were transferred to regenerate in MS with 0.1 mg/L NAA and 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 mg/L benzyl adenine （BA）. Healthy regenerated shoots were introduced to MS medium with 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid （IBA） for rooting. After one month the callogenesis, diameter of fresh callus, shoots regeneration, number of regenerated shoots and roots were evaluated. Observations were made that, 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D with 0.1 mg/L NAA and hypocotyl explant of radish was the best showing significantly highest callus diameter （〉 2 cm）. Medium with 2.5 mg/L BA and 0.1 mg/L NAA was the best hormonal combination for the in vitro shoot regeneration （6.6 shoots/explant） while the highest number of roots were observed from MS medium with 0.25 mg/L.展开更多
Fruit radish‘Sheng Cui 745’,rich in anthocyanins,is a first-generation hybrid developed by crossing sterile line HSR2063A as the female parent and inbred line HSR1876 as the male parent.The plants exhibit moderate g...Fruit radish‘Sheng Cui 745’,rich in anthocyanins,is a first-generation hybrid developed by crossing sterile line HSR2063A as the female parent and inbred line HSR1876 as the male parent.The plants exhibit moderate growth vigor,with a slightly flat leaf cluster.The leaves are dark green,pinnately lobed.There are approximately 14 leaves per plant,30 cm in length.The fleshy roots are 18 cm in length and 8.5 cm in diameter,presenting a cylindrical shape with purple-red skin and flesh.The flesh is fine-textured,crisp,and slightly spicy.The fleshy roots have a anthocyanin content of 708.7 mg/L and exhibit excellent toughness.The yield of the variety can reach up to 56700 kg/hm^(2).It is suitable for open-field autumn cultivation in Shandong,Tianjin,Hebei,and other regions.展开更多
Natural plant or functional food-derived biologically active ingredients have recently raised considerable interest in their antiobesity effect.However,the antiobesity role of polyphenols of white radish roots remains...Natural plant or functional food-derived biologically active ingredients have recently raised considerable interest in their antiobesity effect.However,the antiobesity role of polyphenols of white radish roots remains unknown.This study examined the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of polyphenols extract from white radish roots(RPE)on obese mice.RPE administration significantly decreased the weight gain in high-fat diet(HFD)fed mouse models.RPE intervention also increased serum glutathione transferase and superoxide dismutase levels,and decreased malondialdehyde,tumor necrosis factor-a and lipopolysaccharide levels in the HFD-fed mice.The intervention led to an escalation in the proportion of beneficial bacteria(Akkermansia,Clostridia),and a corresponding decline in the fraction of harmful bacteria(Proteobacteria).According to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based gut metabolomics,the RPE intervention notably influenced several metabolic pathways,including those involved in protein digestion and absorption,centralcarbon metabolism related to cancer,and the biosynthesis of steroid hormones.Additionally,RPE treatment led to a reduction in the intestinal microbes possessing bile-salt hydrolase activity,whereas increased the expression levels of the bile acid(BA)synthesis enzyme cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase(Cyp7a1).This led to increase hepatic production and fecal excretion of BAs,reduce hepatic cholesterol,and decrease lipogenesis.Treated HDF-fed mice showed mitigation of hepatic steatosis and inflammation through gut-liver axis modulation by RPE interference.These findings together offer a significant understanding of the potential of RPE as an anti-obesity treatment and could assist in developing strategies for weight loss.展开更多
Heterosis,a crucial biological phenomenon,plays a vital role in determining the yield and quality of plants.Radish,an important root vegetable crop,exhibits notable heterosis in terms of root yield and quality.Neverth...Heterosis,a crucial biological phenomenon,plays a vital role in determining the yield and quality of plants.Radish,an important root vegetable crop,exhibits notable heterosis in terms of root yield and quality.Nevertheless,the molecular mechanism underlying the formation of heterosis in radish remains unclear.Herein,both the transcriptome and DNA methylome analyses were performed on the F_(1)hybrids and parental lines.Expression level dominance(ELD)genes and allele-specific expression(ASE)genes together significantly contribute to heterosis,primarily through energy metabolism and plant hormone signal transduction pathway.An increase in average methylation level in the F_(1)hybrids was observed compared to the parental lines.Interestingly,a negative correlation was found between the methylation level of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in gene body regions and their expression levels in NAU-LB and the F_(1)hybrids.Moreover,the hybrids were more sensitive to the 5-azacytidine than their parents,and the root weight and total sugar content in the F_(1)hybrids were dramatically decreased compared to the control.Immunolocalization results indicated that the auxin content of the F_(1)hybrids were reduced under 5-azacytidine treatment.Proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunolocalization revealed significant inhibition of vascular cambium activity in both the hybrids and parental lines.Notably,the expression profiles of a few differentially methylated DEGs including RsSUS1,RsSUC2a,RsIAA7,and RsIAA18,were significantly increased in the root of hybrids compared to their parents,suggesting a potential role of DNA methylation in yield heterosis.Collectively,these findings would provide valuable insight into the molecular mechanism underlying taproot yield heterosis and facilitate the genetic improvement of taproot yield and quality in radish breeding programs.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21177108)~~
文摘[Objective] Antibiotics are extensively given to livestock to promote its growth and reduce its diseases.Therefore,antibiotics may be present in manure and slurry from their parent compound and/or metabolites.The soil environments may be exposed to these antibiotics due to the application of animal manure to agricultural land.So,in this study,accumulation and phytotoxicity indicators were analyzed to evaluate the effects of oxytetracycline （OTC,C22H24N2O9HCI） on vegetable crop.[Method] A pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse,radish plant （Raphanus sativus L.） was grown for seven weeks in two soils （sand soil and clayey soil） that were amended with pig manure and spiked with six levels （0,2,5,10,25 and 50 mg per kg of soil） of oxytetracycline for observing the potential effects of long-term application of antibiotics-contained animal manure on plant growth and determining whether or not radish plant grown in manure-applied soils absorbs OTC present in the soils.Contents of oxytetracycline in both root and shoot tissues were determined,and effects of soil oxytetracycline pollution on photosynthesis and biomass of the plant were monitored.[Result] The results showed that radish plant can absorb OTC from the soils.The concentration of OTC in plant tissues increased with increasing the concentration of OTC present in the soils,and was higher at the initial growth stage than at last stage of the plant.Higher concentration of OTC was found in roots than shoots of the plant.Bioavailability of OTC in the sandy soil was greater than that in clayey soil.OTC did not affect the growth of the plants when its concentration in the soils was less than 10 mg/kg.However,higher concentration of soil OTC （＞25 mg/kg） caused serious stress in the plant,reducing photosynthetic rate of leaves and biomass of both roots and shoot.[Conclusion] This study points out the potential human health risk associated with consumption of fresh vegetable grown in the soils amended with antibiotic laden manures.
文摘Effect of 24-epibrassinolide and 28-homobrassinolide on the germination and seedling growth of radish (Raphanus sativus) subjected to water stress being imposed by 15% (w/v) polyethylene glycol (equivalent to -2.95 bars of osmotic pressure) was studied. Brassinosteroids supplementation reduced the inhibitory effect of water stress on seed germination and seedling growth. The growth stimulation in radish seedlings by brassinosteroids under desiccation stress was associated with elevated levels of nucleic acids and soluble proteins and lowered activities of RNase. The mitigation of osmotic stress imposed by PEG was associated with increased scavenging of reactive oxygen species as reflected in elevated activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase. Brassinosteroids also enhanced the accumulation of the osmolyte free proline in radish seedlings challenged with drought stress. The two brassinosteroids also maintained membrane integrity under water deficiency conditions as indicated by lowered lipid peroxidation reflecting in reduced MDA content. The results of present study demonstrate the protective role of brassinosteroids against PEG imposed water stress in radish seedlings.
文摘The research addresses the identification of a screening methodology for salt stress tolerance in radish cultivars. In the first experiment, two different radish cultivars(long white and round red) were compared in their morphological and physiological responses to different salinity levels. Round red radish showed better morphological and physiological responses to incremental salinity in terms of yield and better adaptation of overall water relations. In the second experiment, the most tolerant genotype from the first experiment was used as a control against other seven round red radish genotypes ranked by their salinity tolerance according to morphological, physiological and biochemical indices. Salt stress did not significantly affect malondialdehyde(MDA) and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) content, and ascorbate peroxidase(APX) activity in the studied cultivars. Nonetheless, the relatively salt tolerant cultivar SAXA2 showed higher ability to accumulate compatible solutes(e.g.proline and proteins) and maintain osmotic adjustment. In addition, cultivar SAXA2 also showed considerable increase in glutathione reductase(GR) activity. Our results supported that accumulation of proline and higher GR activity are associated with radish salt tolerance, whereas no relationship with salinity was observed in superoxide dismutase(SOD), MDA and H2O2 content.
基金grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30571193)the 863 Program of China(2008AA10Z150)+3 种基金the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China(2008BA DB 1B03)the 111 Project from Ministry of Education of China(B08025)the Hi-Tech Key Project of Jiangsu Province(BG2005314)the project of Gene Bank Construction for Brassicaceae Vegetable Germplasm Resources of Jiangsu Province[sx(2007)g13].
文摘Radish(Raphanus sativus L.)is an important vegetable crop worldwide.High nutritional quality was critical in its genetic improvement and production.The nutritional quality of 42 Chinese radish cultivars was analyzed in this study.The contents of six nutritional facts,dry matter(DM),crude fiber(CF),total soluble sugar(TSS),vitamin C(Vc),protein,and nitrate,ranged from 29.7 to 88.2,4.507 to 18.546,2.233 to 15.457,0.1416 to 0.3341,0.34 to 1.15,and 1.81 to 5.89 g·kg^-1 fresh weight(FW),respectively.Significant differences among the 42 radish cultivars were detected in the contents of nutritional facts.The data were subjected to cross-correlation analysis and principal component analysis(PCA).It was found that DM content was positively correlated with the content of TSS(r=0.7104),Vc(r=0.4011)and protein(r=0.4120).Vitamin C(Vc)content of radish showed a positive correlation(r=0.3300)with the protein content.According to the principal component analysis,out of the 42 radish cultivars,Nau-17,Nau-28,Nau-6,Nau-11,Nau-10,Nau-27,and Nau-31 were detected with very high scores in comprehensive evaluation.It could be concluded that abundant diversity of nutritional fact content occurred in different radish genotypes,and PCA analysis was effective for selecting radish germplasm with high quality.The results could contribute useful knowledge of nutritional quality,and provide important germplasms for the elite cultivar development and the inheritance study of nutritional facts in radish.
基金in part supported by grants from the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China (2012BAD02B01)the Key Technology R&D Program of Jiangsu Province, China (BE2013429)+1 种基金Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund (JASTIF,CX(12) 2006,(13)2007],NAUNKL-ZW2009007the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)
文摘Downy mildew （DM）, caused by the fungus Peronospora parasitica, is a destructive disease of radish （Raphanus sativus L.） worldwide. Host resistance has been considered as an attractive and environmentally friendly approach to control the disease. However, the genetic mechanisms of resistance in radish to the pathogen remain unknown. To determine the inheritance of resistance to DM, F1, F2 and BC1F1 populations derived from reciprocal crosses between a resistant line NAU-dhp08 and a susceptible line NAU-qtbjq-06 were evaluated for their responses to DM at seedling stage. All F1 hybrid plants showed high resistance to DM and maternal effect was not detected. The segregation for resistant to susceptible individuals statistically iftted a 3：1 ratio in two F2 populations （F2（SR） and F2（RS））, and 1：1 ratio in two BC1F1 populations, indicating that resistance to DM at seedling stage in radish was controlled by a single dominant locus designated as RsDmR. A total of 1 972 primer pairs （1 036 SRAP, 628 RAPD, 126 RGA, 110 EST-SSR and 72 ISSR） were screened, and 36 were polymorphic between the resistant and susceptible bulks, and consequently used for genotyping individuals in the F2 population. Three markers （Em9/ga24370, NAUISSR826700 and Me7/em10400） linked to the RsDmR locus within a 10.0 cM distance were identiifed using bulked segregant analysis （BSA）. The SRAP marker Em9/ga24370 was the most tightly linked one with a distance of 2.3 cM to RsDmR. These markers tightly linked to the RsDmR locus would facilitate marker-assisted selection and resistance gene pyramiding in radish breeding programs.
基金partially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31171956,31372064)the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China(2012BAD02B01)+1 种基金the Key Technologies R&D Program of Jiangsu Province,China(BE2013429)the PAPD and JASTI[CX(12)2006]
文摘Myrosinase is a defense-related enzyme and is capable of hydrolyzing glucosinolates into a variety of compounds, some of which are toxic to pathogens and herbivores. Many studies revealed that a number of important vegetables or oil crops contain the myrosinase-glucosinolate system. However, the related promoter and genomic DNA sequences as well as expression profiles of myrosinase gene remain largely unexplored in radish（Raphanus sativus）. In this study, the 2 798 bp genomic DNA sequence, designated as RsMyr2, was isolated and analyzed in radish. The RsMyr2 consisting of 12 exons and 11 introns reflected the common gene structure of myrosinases. Using the genomic DNA walking approach, the 5′-flanking region upstream of RsMyr2 with length of 1 711 bp was successfully isolated. PLACE and PlantCARE analyses revealed that this upstream region could be the promoter of RsMyr2, which contained several basic cis-regulatory elements including TATA-box, CAAT-box and regulatory motifs responsive to defense and stresses. Furthermore, recombinant pET-RsMyr2 protein separated by SDS-PAGE was identified as myrosinase with mass spectrometry. Real-time PCR analysis showed differential expression profiles of RsMyr2 in leaf, stem and root at different developmental stages（e.g., higher expression in leaf at cotyledon stage and lower in flesh root at mature stage）. Additionally, the RsMyr2 gene exhibited up-regulated expression when treated with abscisic acid（ABA）, methyl jasmonate（MeJA） and hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）, whereas it was down-regulated by wounding（WO） treatment. The findings indicated that the expression of RsMyr2 gene was differentially regulated by these stress treatments. These results could provide new insight into elucidating the molecular characterization and biological function of myrosinase in radish.
基金in part supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0101806)the Open Funds of State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, China (ZW201709)+1 种基金the Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China (IVF201706)the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund, China (CX(19)3045)。
文摘Radish(Raphanus sativus L.), an important root vegetable crop of the Brassicaceae family, has a high level of anthocyanin accumulation in its pigment root tissues. It was reported that MYB transcription factors(TFs) play vital roles in plant development and anthocyanin metabolism, and the PAP1/2 could promote expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. In this study, a total of 187 radish MYB genes(Rs MYBs) were identified in the radish genome and clustered into 32 subfamilies. Among them, 159 Rs MYBs were localized on nine radish chromosomes. Interestingly, 14 Rs MYBs exhibited differential expression profiles in different taproot developmental stages among four differently colored radish lines. A number of Rs MYBs were highly expressed in the pigmented root tissues at the maturity stage, several genes including Rs MYB41, Rs MYB117, and Rs MYB132 being homologous to PAP1/2, showed high expression levels in the red skin of NAU-YH(red skin-white flesh) taproot, while Rs MYB65 and Rs MYB159 were highly expressed in the purple root skin of NAU-YZH(purple skin-red flesh), indicating that these Rs MYBs might positively regulate the process of anthocyanin accumulation in radish taproot. These results would provide valuable information for further functional characterization of Rs MYBs, and facilitate clarifying the molecular mechanism underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis in radish.
文摘An effective and simple screening technique for identification of salt tolerant and salt sensitive radish genotypes was observed. Sand is used as potting media. Six genotypes of radish were used for screening against four salinity levels (0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 dS/m<sup>-1</sup>). Twenty days old seedlings of radish were salinized with salt solution (NaCl). Morphological, physiological and ionic parameters were studied. Radish genotypes Laal-Pari and 40 Days executed the best performance in all the measured attributes and categorized as salt tolerant genotype while Green Neck was the poorest in retaining normal functioning at higher salinity levels thus grouped under salt sensitive cultivar.
基金This work was in part supported by grants from National Key Technology R&D Program of China(2017YFD0101803,2017YFD0101806)Key Technology R&D Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2016379)+2 种基金the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund[CX(16)1012]the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(KJQN201656,KJQN201734)Project of Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops,MOA,China(IVF201706).
文摘The fleshy taproot of radish is an important storage organ determining its yield and quality.Taproot thickening is a complex developmental process in radish.However,the molecular mechanisms governing this process remain unclear at the proteome level.In this study,a comparative proteomic analysis was performed to analyze the proteome changes at three developmental stages of taproot thickening using iTRAQ approach.In total,1862 differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)were identified from 6342 high-confidence proteins,among which 256 up-regulated proteins displayed overlapped accumulation in S1(pre-cortex splitting stage)vs.S2(cortex splitting stage)and S1 vs.S3(expanding stage)pairs,whereas 122 up-regulated proteins displayed overlapped accumulation in S1 vs.S3 and S2 vs.S3 pairs.Gene Ontology(GO)and pathway enrichment analysis showed that these DEPs were mainly involved in several processes such as“starch and sucrose metabolism”,“plant hormone signal transduction”,and“biosynthesis of secondary metabolites”.A high concordance existed between iTRAQ and RT-qPCR at the mRNA expression levels.Furthermore,association analysis showed that 187,181,and 96 DEPs were matched with their corresponding differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in S1 vs.S2,S1 vs.S3,and S2 vs.S3 comparison,respectively.Notably,several functional proteins including cell division cycle 5-like protein(CDC5),expansin B1(EXPB1),and xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase protein 24(XTH24)were responsible for cell division and expansion during radish taproot thickening process.These results could facilitate a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying taproot thickening,and provide valuable information for the identification of critical genes/proteins responsible for taproot thickening in root vegetable crops.
基金funded by grants from the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(2018YFD1000800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172579)+3 种基金Jiangsu Seed Industry Revitalization Project[JBGS(2021)071]the earmarked fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System[JATS(2022)463]Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(21)2020)the Project Founded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘The growth and development of taproots are inhibited by cold stress in radish(Raphanus sativus L.).Ethylene-responsive element binding factors(ERF)are key participators in the cold stress response and growth regulation of plants.However,the function of ERF genes in cold tolerance and root development in radish remains elusive.Here,we showed that the secondary growth of radish taproots was inhibited by cold stress.Comparative transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the RsERF40 gene is an important regulator of the cold stress response and root growth regulation.The cold tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the RsERF40 gene was significantly improved.Overexpressing RsERF40 in the cold-sensitive radish genotype and silencing RsERF40 in the cold-tolerant radish genotype indicated that RsERF40 was beneficial for alleviating oxidative damage under cold stress in radish.Transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings showed an increase in the elongation and radial growth of dark-grown roots.RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression of the cold-related genes(CORs)RsCOR78 and RsCOR413PM1 and the cell wall strengthening-related genes RsCESA6 and RsEXPB3 was upregulated in transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings.Yeast one-hybrid(Y1H)and dual-luciferase reporter assays(DLA)revealed that RsERF40 directly regulates RsCOR78,RsCOR413PM1,RsCESA6 and RsEXPB3 expression,illustrating that RsERF40 enhances cold tolerance and taproot growth by modulating osmotic adjustment and cell wall mechanical strength in radish.In this study,the RsERF40-regulon was firstly found to be a new cold response pathway independent of the CBF-COR pathway conferring cold stress tolerance with increasing radish taproot growth.These results provided novel insight into the molecular mechanism underlying cold stress response and would facilitate the genetic improvement of cold tolerance in radish and other root vegetable crops.
基金Nepal Academy of Science and Technology(NAST),Khumaltar,Lalitpur,Nepal for providing financial and technical support。
文摘The effect on the germination and seedling growth of radish(Raphanus sativus)seeds were examined employing a dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)at atmospheric pressure and room temperature for various treatment time.DBD plasma using argon gas of flow rate 21 m^(-1)was employed in this study.Radish seeds were treated with DBD plasma for 1-5 min,respectively.Germination characteristics,seedling growth parameters,the contact angle of the seed coat,water uptake capacity,mass loss,the temperature of the seeds,chlorophyll,and carotenoid contents of the seedlings were measured before and after the DBD plasma treatments.Plasma treatment of radish seeds significantly increased germination-related characters,including germination percentage,fresh and dry weight,vigor index,and total carotenoids contents.However,the cumulative production rate was found to be decreased.Results from the experiment indicate an acceleration in the water uptake of the radish seeds and make the seed surface hydrophilic by plasma treatment.Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that etching effects on the seed coat occurred after the argon plasma treatments,which affected the wettability of the radish seed.The experimental findings showed that seeds being treated by DBD plasma for 2 and 3 min had a positive effect on the germination and seedling growth of radish.
基金Supported by Wuhan City Huanghe Talents PlanSecond Batch Project for Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System of Hubei Province
文摘The components of glucosinolates( GSL) in the succulent roots and leaves of three kinds of fruity radish( Xinlimei,Super Zhengyan,and Shawo) were identified and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC). Results showed that there were nine kinds of glucosinolates in the succulent roots and leaves of three kinds of fruity radish,including six kinds of aliphatic glucosinolates( 4-methyl sulfinyl-3-butenyl glucosinolates,2-allyl glucosinolates,4-methyl sulfinyl butyl glucosinolates,5-methyl sulfinyl amyl glucosinolates,4-methyl n-butyl glucosinolates,4-methyl thio-3-butenyl glucosinolates) and three kinds of indole glucosinolates( 4-methoxy methyl indole glucosinolates,3-methyl indole glucosinolates,1-methoxy methyl indole glucosinolates),but there were significant differences in the content of glucosinolates between different varieties and organs. The total content of glucosinolates in succulent roots of three kinds of fruity radish was22 472. 84,13 585. 86,and 28 200. 70 μg/g DM respectively,and more than 95% were aliphatic glucosinolates. The content of glucosinolates in succulent roots was 4. 56,2. 71,and 4. 55 times of that in leaves of three kinds of fruity radish. Main aliphatic glucosinolates in succulent roots and leaves of three kinds of fruity radish were 4-methyl sulfinyl-3-butenyl glucosinolates,accounting for 90. 11%-93. 92% and63. 03%-73. 72% of total content of glucosinolates.
文摘A pot experiment was carried out to investigate the comparative effect of city finished compost and NPK fertilizer on the growth and availability of phosphorus to radish (Raphanus sativus L.). An air dried sandy loam soil was mixed with five rates of city finished compost (CFC) equivalent to 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 ton ha–1 and three rates of NPK fertilizer equivalent to 50% (N-P-K = 69-16-35 kg ha–1), 100% (N-P-K = 137-32-70 kg ha–1 K) and 150% (N-P-K = 206-48-105 kg ha–1). Four plants were harvested at 45 days of growth and remaining one plant was harvested at 90 days of growth and separated into leaves and bulbs. After harvest, soil samples were collected from each pot to measure soil pH and available P extracted by Olsen, Mehlich-3, Kelowna and Bray & Kurtz-1 extractants. The growth parameters (length of leaves and bulbs, fresh and dry weight of leaves and bulbs), relative dry matter yield, plant P concentrations, P uptake by radish, soil pH, and available P increased by the rates of CFC and NPK fertilizer treatments. Among the treatments, growth performance of radish was better with the highest rate of 40 t ha–1 CFC treatments. The results obtained from the 5 and 10 t ha–1 CFC treatment were comparable with the results of 50% and 100% NPK fertilizer treatments respectively. Similar effects of amendments were obtained in the case of plant P concentration, uptake of P by plant, soil pH and available soil P concentration. Available P and soil pH showed very strong and positive correlation (P –1 city finished compost could be used instead of 100% to obtain similar yield and to improve soil conditions.
文摘[Objective] The aims were to ① conduct anther culture of Chinese radish varieties; ② observe the development of embryos from anther culture; ③ study the response of different genotypes to embryogenesis in anther culture; ④ observe the morphology of regenerated plantlets; ⑤ analyze the ploidy level of regenerated plantlets arising from the anther culture process. [Method]Anthers of 15 genotypes with diverse genetic backgrounds of Chinese radish have been cultured in vitro and induced to undergo embryogenesis and plant formation. [Result] Of 15 genotypes evaluated,four produced embryos. The genotype was the main factor to influence the embryogenesis. The morphology and the ploidy of the regenerated plantlets were observed,and the anther-derived plantlets included a mix of haploids,diploids and hexaploids. Of the plants that regenerated from anther embryos 60% were diploid. [Conclusion] The plantlets had the high ability to double spontaneously.
基金Supported by Agricultural Improved Variety Project of Shandong Province(2017LZN045)。
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to screen out a vernalization method of radish that is more suitable for breeding and hybrid production.[Methods]Eight radish inbred lines with different bolting tolerance were used as the research objects for the experiment.The following three treatments were done:(1)treating at 4℃in the dark with heat preservation for 1,2,3,4,and 5 weeks,respectively~([1]),(2)treating at 4℃in the dark with heat preservation for 3 weeks after 24 h incubation in light at 20℃,and(3)treating under light at a low temperature of 6.5℃for three weeks after cultivating under light at 20℃to 4 true leaves.The effects of low temperature treatment on the bolting and flowering time of different varieties of radish treated at different developmental stages were analyzed.[Results]When comparing these three methods,the low-temperature treatment of wet seeds had a better effect on early bolting of radish and is simpler and more feasible.The effect of treating four-leaf seedlings at 6.5℃was the worst;most radish inbred lines could shorten bolting time when treated at 4℃for one week;and within a certain range,the longer the 4℃treatment time,the better the vernalization effect.Different radish inbred lines had different performances to low temperature treatment.[Conclusions]This study provides a scientific basis for the theoretical research on vernalization of radish.
文摘This study was conducted to investigate the effects of explants and hormone combinations on the callogenesis, calli growth and regeneration of local variety of radish （Beeralu Rabu）. As well as three explant types： hypocotyl, leaf and root, seven hormone combination based on Murashige and Skoog （MS） medium as 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D） with 0.1 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid （NAA） and without hormones （control） were employed. Then immerged calli were transferred to regenerate in MS with 0.1 mg/L NAA and 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 mg/L benzyl adenine （BA）. Healthy regenerated shoots were introduced to MS medium with 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid （IBA） for rooting. After one month the callogenesis, diameter of fresh callus, shoots regeneration, number of regenerated shoots and roots were evaluated. Observations were made that, 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D with 0.1 mg/L NAA and hypocotyl explant of radish was the best showing significantly highest callus diameter （〉 2 cm）. Medium with 2.5 mg/L BA and 0.1 mg/L NAA was the best hormonal combination for the in vitro shoot regeneration （6.6 shoots/explant） while the highest number of roots were observed from MS medium with 0.25 mg/L.
基金Supported by Taishan Industry Leading Talent Program in Shandong Province(tscx202306156)Weifang Science and Technology Development Program(2024GX073).
文摘Fruit radish‘Sheng Cui 745’,rich in anthocyanins,is a first-generation hybrid developed by crossing sterile line HSR2063A as the female parent and inbred line HSR1876 as the male parent.The plants exhibit moderate growth vigor,with a slightly flat leaf cluster.The leaves are dark green,pinnately lobed.There are approximately 14 leaves per plant,30 cm in length.The fleshy roots are 18 cm in length and 8.5 cm in diameter,presenting a cylindrical shape with purple-red skin and flesh.The flesh is fine-textured,crisp,and slightly spicy.The fleshy roots have a anthocyanin content of 708.7 mg/L and exhibit excellent toughness.The yield of the variety can reach up to 56700 kg/hm^(2).It is suitable for open-field autumn cultivation in Shandong,Tianjin,Hebei,and other regions.
基金supported by the Open Fund of Institute of Ocean Research,Bohai University(BDHYYJY2025006).
文摘Natural plant or functional food-derived biologically active ingredients have recently raised considerable interest in their antiobesity effect.However,the antiobesity role of polyphenols of white radish roots remains unknown.This study examined the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of polyphenols extract from white radish roots(RPE)on obese mice.RPE administration significantly decreased the weight gain in high-fat diet(HFD)fed mouse models.RPE intervention also increased serum glutathione transferase and superoxide dismutase levels,and decreased malondialdehyde,tumor necrosis factor-a and lipopolysaccharide levels in the HFD-fed mice.The intervention led to an escalation in the proportion of beneficial bacteria(Akkermansia,Clostridia),and a corresponding decline in the fraction of harmful bacteria(Proteobacteria).According to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based gut metabolomics,the RPE intervention notably influenced several metabolic pathways,including those involved in protein digestion and absorption,centralcarbon metabolism related to cancer,and the biosynthesis of steroid hormones.Additionally,RPE treatment led to a reduction in the intestinal microbes possessing bile-salt hydrolase activity,whereas increased the expression levels of the bile acid(BA)synthesis enzyme cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase(Cyp7a1).This led to increase hepatic production and fecal excretion of BAs,reduce hepatic cholesterol,and decrease lipogenesis.Treated HDF-fed mice showed mitigation of hepatic steatosis and inflammation through gut-liver axis modulation by RPE interference.These findings together offer a significant understanding of the potential of RPE as an anti-obesity treatment and could assist in developing strategies for weight loss.
基金supported by grants from the Jiangsu Seed Industry Revitalization Project[Grant No.JBGS(2021)071]Key Technology R&D Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BE2023366)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32172579)the earmarked fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System[Grant No.JATS(2023)421]the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.YDZX2023019)the Project Founded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)。
文摘Heterosis,a crucial biological phenomenon,plays a vital role in determining the yield and quality of plants.Radish,an important root vegetable crop,exhibits notable heterosis in terms of root yield and quality.Nevertheless,the molecular mechanism underlying the formation of heterosis in radish remains unclear.Herein,both the transcriptome and DNA methylome analyses were performed on the F_(1)hybrids and parental lines.Expression level dominance(ELD)genes and allele-specific expression(ASE)genes together significantly contribute to heterosis,primarily through energy metabolism and plant hormone signal transduction pathway.An increase in average methylation level in the F_(1)hybrids was observed compared to the parental lines.Interestingly,a negative correlation was found between the methylation level of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in gene body regions and their expression levels in NAU-LB and the F_(1)hybrids.Moreover,the hybrids were more sensitive to the 5-azacytidine than their parents,and the root weight and total sugar content in the F_(1)hybrids were dramatically decreased compared to the control.Immunolocalization results indicated that the auxin content of the F_(1)hybrids were reduced under 5-azacytidine treatment.Proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunolocalization revealed significant inhibition of vascular cambium activity in both the hybrids and parental lines.Notably,the expression profiles of a few differentially methylated DEGs including RsSUS1,RsSUC2a,RsIAA7,and RsIAA18,were significantly increased in the root of hybrids compared to their parents,suggesting a potential role of DNA methylation in yield heterosis.Collectively,these findings would provide valuable insight into the molecular mechanism underlying taproot yield heterosis and facilitate the genetic improvement of taproot yield and quality in radish breeding programs.
