China is the world's largest carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) emitter and a major trading country. Both anthropogenic and natural factors play a critical role in its carbon budget. However,previous studies mostly focus on e...China is the world's largest carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) emitter and a major trading country. Both anthropogenic and natural factors play a critical role in its carbon budget. However,previous studies mostly focus on evaluating anthropogenic emissions or the natural carbon cycle separately, and few included trade-related(import and export) CO_(2) emissions and its contribution on global warming. Using the Carbon Tracker CT2019 assimilation dataset and China trade emissions from the Global Carbon Project, we found that the change trend of global CO_(2) flux had obvious spatial heterogeneity, which is mainly affected by anthropogenic CO_(2) flux. From 2000 to 2018, carbon emissions from fossil fuels in the world and in China all showed an obvious increasing trend, but the magnitude of the increase tended to slow down.In 2018, the radiative forcing(RF) caused by China's import and export trade was-0.0038 W m^(-2), and the RF caused by natural carbon budget was-0.0027 W m^(-2), offsetting 1.54% and 1.13% of the RF caused by fossil fuels that year, respectively. From 2000 to 2018, the contribution of China's carbon emission from fossil fuels to global RF was 11.32%. Considering China's import and export trade, the contribution of anthropogenic CO_(2) emission to global RF decreased to 9.50%. Furthermore, taking into account the offset of carbon sink from China's terrestrial ecosystems, the net contribution of China to global RF decreased to 7.63%. This study demonstrates that China's terrestrial ecosystem and import and export trade are all mitigating China's impact on global anthropogenic warming, and also confirms that during the research process on climate change, comprehensively considering the carbon budget from anthropogenic and natural carbon budgets is necessary to systematically understand the impacts of regional or national carbon budgets on global warming.展开更多
A multi-scale narrow band correlated-k distribution（MSNBCK） model is developed to simulate infrared radiation（IR） from an exhaust system of a typical aircraft engine.In this model,an approximate approach instead o...A multi-scale narrow band correlated-k distribution（MSNBCK） model is developed to simulate infrared radiation（IR） from an exhaust system of a typical aircraft engine.In this model,an approximate approach instead of statistically uncorrelated assumption is used to treat overlapping bands in gas mixture.It significantly reduces the requirement for computing power through converting the exponential increase of computing power consumption with the increase of participating gas species to linear increase.Besides,MSNBCK model has a great advantage compared with conventional methods which can estimate each species＇ contribution to the total gas mixture radiation intensity.Line by line（LBL） results,experimental data and other results in the references are used to evaluate this new model,which demonstrates its advantage in terms of accuracy and computing efficiency.By coupling this model and finite volume method（FVM） into radiative transfer equation（RTE）,a comparative study is conducted to simulate IR signature from the exhaust system.The results indicate that wall＇s IR emission should be considered in both 3-5 μm and8-14 μm bands while gases＇ IR emission plays an important role only in 3-5 μm band.For plume IR radiation,carbon dioxide＇s emission is much more significant than that of water vapor in both3-5μm and 8-14 μm bands.Especially in 3-5 μm band,the water vapor＇s IR signal can even be neglected compared with that of carbon dioxide.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42071415National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2021YFE0106700Outstanding Youth Foundation of Henan Natural Science Foundation,No.202300410049。
文摘China is the world's largest carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) emitter and a major trading country. Both anthropogenic and natural factors play a critical role in its carbon budget. However,previous studies mostly focus on evaluating anthropogenic emissions or the natural carbon cycle separately, and few included trade-related(import and export) CO_(2) emissions and its contribution on global warming. Using the Carbon Tracker CT2019 assimilation dataset and China trade emissions from the Global Carbon Project, we found that the change trend of global CO_(2) flux had obvious spatial heterogeneity, which is mainly affected by anthropogenic CO_(2) flux. From 2000 to 2018, carbon emissions from fossil fuels in the world and in China all showed an obvious increasing trend, but the magnitude of the increase tended to slow down.In 2018, the radiative forcing(RF) caused by China's import and export trade was-0.0038 W m^(-2), and the RF caused by natural carbon budget was-0.0027 W m^(-2), offsetting 1.54% and 1.13% of the RF caused by fossil fuels that year, respectively. From 2000 to 2018, the contribution of China's carbon emission from fossil fuels to global RF was 11.32%. Considering China's import and export trade, the contribution of anthropogenic CO_(2) emission to global RF decreased to 9.50%. Furthermore, taking into account the offset of carbon sink from China's terrestrial ecosystems, the net contribution of China to global RF decreased to 7.63%. This study demonstrates that China's terrestrial ecosystem and import and export trade are all mitigating China's impact on global anthropogenic warming, and also confirms that during the research process on climate change, comprehensively considering the carbon budget from anthropogenic and natural carbon budgets is necessary to systematically understand the impacts of regional or national carbon budgets on global warming.
文摘A multi-scale narrow band correlated-k distribution（MSNBCK） model is developed to simulate infrared radiation（IR） from an exhaust system of a typical aircraft engine.In this model,an approximate approach instead of statistically uncorrelated assumption is used to treat overlapping bands in gas mixture.It significantly reduces the requirement for computing power through converting the exponential increase of computing power consumption with the increase of participating gas species to linear increase.Besides,MSNBCK model has a great advantage compared with conventional methods which can estimate each species＇ contribution to the total gas mixture radiation intensity.Line by line（LBL） results,experimental data and other results in the references are used to evaluate this new model,which demonstrates its advantage in terms of accuracy and computing efficiency.By coupling this model and finite volume method（FVM） into radiative transfer equation（RTE）,a comparative study is conducted to simulate IR signature from the exhaust system.The results indicate that wall＇s IR emission should be considered in both 3-5 μm and8-14 μm bands while gases＇ IR emission plays an important role only in 3-5 μm band.For plume IR radiation,carbon dioxide＇s emission is much more significant than that of water vapor in both3-5μm and 8-14 μm bands.Especially in 3-5 μm band,the water vapor＇s IR signal can even be neglected compared with that of carbon dioxide.
