Aggregation-induced emission(AIE)is a unique phenomenon where certain organic materials exhibit enhanced luminescence in their aggregated states,overcoming the typical quenching observed in conventional organic materi...Aggregation-induced emission(AIE)is a unique phenomenon where certain organic materials exhibit enhanced luminescence in their aggregated states,overcoming the typical quenching observed in conventional organic materials.Since its discovery in 2001,AIE has driven significant advances in fields like OLEDs and biological imaging,earning recognition in fundamental research.However,its application in high-energy radiation detection remains underexplored.Organic scintillators,though widely used,face challenges such as low light yield and poor radiation attenuation.AIE materials offer promising solutions by improving light yield,response speed,and radiation attenuation.This review summarizes the design strategies behind AIE scintillators and their very recent applications in X-ray,γ-ray,and fast neutron detection.We highlight their advantages in enhancing detection sensitivity,reducing background noise,and achieving high-resolution imaging.By addressing the current challenges,we believe AIE materials will play a pivotal role in advancing future radiation detection and imaging technologies.展开更多
The scintillating photonic glass has the great potential for medicine imaging,nuclear physics,highenergy physics,and national defense.However,the development of the candidate with the high density remains a significan...The scintillating photonic glass has the great potential for medicine imaging,nuclear physics,highenergy physics,and national defense.However,the development of the candidate with the high density remains a significant challenge.Herein,the superdense scintillating glasses derived from the Ce^(3+)-activated Lu_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)binary system were successfully fabricated by the strategy of contactless aerodynamic levitation heating under the N_(2)atmosphere.These glasses are colorless,optical homogeneous,and exhibit superdense density from 6.59 to 7.15 g/cm^(3),representing the highest density among the fast decay glass systems.The materials present excellent radiation-blocking ability,suitable emission wavelength,and fast response,indicating the promise for fast-eve nt X-ray detection.The micro radiation probe was fabricated by connecting the scintillating glass and the optical fiber.The practical application in remote radiation detection is demonstrated and it exhibits excellent linear response and high signalto-noise ratio.The results confirm that the fabricated superdense scintillating glass is promising for application in the field of high-energy radiation detection.展开更多
In the last years, the production of optical fibers cables has made possible the development of a range of spectroscopic probes for in situ analysis performing beyond nondestructive tests, environmental monitoring, se...In the last years, the production of optical fibers cables has made possible the development of a range of spectroscopic probes for in situ analysis performing beyond nondestructive tests, environmental monitoring, security investigation, application in radiotherapy for dose monitoring, verification and validation. In this work, a system using an optical fiber cable to electromagnetic signal transmission from a NaI（TI） radiation detector is presented. The innovative device takes advantage mainly of the optical fibers large passband, small signal attenuation and immunity to electromagnetic interference to application for radiation detection systems. The main aim was to simplify the detection system making it to reach areas where the conventional device cannot access due to its lack of mobility and external dimensions. Some tests with this innovative system are presented and the results stimulate the continuity of the researches.展开更多
With the significant progress of high-energy physics,nuclear science,and technology,the demand for high-performance scintillators is growing rapidly.Among solid-state scintillators,glass scintillators would play a vit...With the significant progress of high-energy physics,nuclear science,and technology,the demand for high-performance scintillators is growing rapidly.Among solid-state scintillators,glass scintillators would play a vital role in the field of high-energy radiation detections because of their merits including low cost,batch production,and arbitrariness in shape.In this review article,the research and development of glass scintillators is introduced with respect to the following key parameters including:density,light yield,scintillation decay time,and radiation hardness.The scintillation mechanisms,preparation methods particularly for Ce^(3+)-activated glasses,standard testing methods,scintillation performance,and applications of glass scintillators are comprehensively reviewed and critically discussed.Finally,the problems existing in the research field are presented and the future development directions of glass scintillators for performance improvement are suggested.展开更多
In this work,we introduce a novel Micro Circular Log-Periodic Antenna(MCLPA)optimized with an advanced Evolutionary Neural Network(ENN)algorithm,specifically designed to enhance terahertz(THz)radiation detection.By le...In this work,we introduce a novel Micro Circular Log-Periodic Antenna(MCLPA)optimized with an advanced Evolutionary Neural Network(ENN)algorithm,specifically designed to enhance terahertz(THz)radiation detection.By leveraging the adaptive capabilities of the ENN framework,the antenna design efficiency is significantly improved,enabling rapid prototyping and yielding highly optimized structures tailored for practical THz applications.Extensive characterization confirms that the proposed MCLPA achieves outstanding performance,including an ultra-broad operational bandwidth of 372 GHz(0.135-0.507 THz),a peak gain of 5.51 dBi,an optimal S-parameter(S11)of−13.68 dB,and a maximum radiation efficiency of 82.39%.In addition,the MCLPA exhibits superior sensitivity,low noise susceptibility,and fast response,which are key attributes for reliable and precise THz detection.When configured in array form,the design further enhances gain and directional responsiveness,demonstrating the scalability and deployment potential of the MCLPA.This ENN-driven MCLPA represents a significant breakthrough in THz antenna engineering,introducing a transformative design paradigm that synergistically integrates algorithmic intelligence with structural innovation.By substantially reducing design time and cost while achieving exceptional performance,the proposed ENN framework sets a new benchmark for the development of next-generation THz detection and communication systems,offering broad implications for future high-frequency technologies.展开更多
Sensitive and fast detection of neutrons and gamma rays is vital for homeland security,high-energy physics,and proton therapy.Fast-neutron detectors rely on light organic scintillators,andγ-ray detectors use heavy in...Sensitive and fast detection of neutrons and gamma rays is vital for homeland security,high-energy physics,and proton therapy.Fast-neutron detectors rely on light organic scintillators,andγ-ray detectors use heavy inorganic scintillators and semiconductors.Efficient mixed-field detection using a single material is highly challenging due to their contradictory requirements.Here we report hybrid perovskites(C_(8)H_(12)N)_(2)Pb(Br_(0.95)Cl_(0.05))_(4)that combine light organic cations and heavy inorganic skeletons at a molecular level to achieve unprecedented performance for mixed-field radiation detection.High neutron absorption due to a high density of hydrogen,strong radiative recombination within the highly confined[PbX_(6)]^(4-)layer,and sub-nanometer distance between absorption sites and radiative centers,enable a light yield of 41000 photons/MeV,detection pulse width of 2.97 ns and extraordinary linearity response toward both fast neutrons andγ-rays,outperforming commonly used fast-neutron scintillators.Neutron energy spectrum,time-of-flight based fast-neutron/γ-ray discrimination and neutron yield monitoring were all successfully achieved using(C_(8)H_(12)N)_(2)Pb(Br_(0.95)Cl_(0.05))_(4)detectors.We further demonstrate the monitoring of reaction kinetics and total power of a nuclear fusion reaction.We envision that molecular hybridized scintillators open a new avenue for mixed-field radiation detection and imaging.展开更多
The fabrication of advanced radiation detectors is an important subject due to the wide use of radiation sources in scientific instruments,medical services,security check,non-destructive inspection,and nuclear industr...The fabrication of advanced radiation detectors is an important subject due to the wide use of radiation sources in scientific instruments,medical services,security check,non-destructive inspection,and nuclear industries.However,the manufacture of flexible and stretchable radiation detectors remains a challenge.Here,we report the scalable fabrication of super-elastic scintillating fibers and fabrics for visual radiation detection by thermal drawing and melt-spinning methods using styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene,and scintillating Gd_(2)O_(2)S:Tb(GOS).Microstructure evolution,rheological properties,and radiation-composite interaction are studied to reveal the excellent processability,elasticity,and radiation detection ability of the fabricated fibers.Benefiting from the physical crosslinking structural features of the polymer matrix and the excellent radiation absorption capacities of GOS,the resulting fiber can sustain high strains of 765%with a high content of GOS dopants(2 wt.%)and has excellent X-ray detection performance with the limit down to 53 nGy_(air)s^(-1).Furthermore,stretchable fabrics are constructed,and their applications in various fields,such as radiation warning,and X-ray imaging,are demonstrated.Our work not only provides a new type of super-elastic scintillating fibers and fabrics for smart textiles but also demonstrates their potential applications in the nuclear field.展开更多
Purpose Glass is a potential choice for the scintillator in Hadronic calorimetry(HCAL)of the CEPC.It requires sophisticated instruments and suitable methods to obtain scintillation properties of the glasses in the fir...Purpose Glass is a potential choice for the scintillator in Hadronic calorimetry(HCAL)of the CEPC.It requires sophisticated instruments and suitable methods to obtain scintillation properties of the glasses in the first time.It is necessary to establish an evaluation method for nuclear radiation detection performance of glass scintillator.Methods The spectroscopy research of the glass includes transmission/absorption spectrum and emission spectrum.The time characteristics include rise time,scintillation decay time and afterglow.The scintillation properties include light yield,energy resolution and minimum ionizing particle(MIP)response.And a new method for measuring the low light yield of glass scintillators is proposed.Results We have built a complete performance test system and evaluation method,which can evaluate the nuclear radiation detection performance of different glass scintillators.Conclusion By continuously improving the composition and preparation process of the glass,it can provide potential possibilities for the application in the high-energy physics experiment and nuclear radiation detection fields.展开更多
In this paper, properties on pulsed radiation detections of ZnO：Ga crystal grew by a magnetron sputtering method were studied. The time response to pulsed laser, pulsed hard X rays and single α particles, the energy...In this paper, properties on pulsed radiation detections of ZnO：Ga crystal grew by a magnetron sputtering method were studied. The time response to pulsed laser, pulsed hard X rays and single α particles, the energy response to pulsed hard X ray, the scintillation efficiency to γ rays, the response to pulsed proton, and the relations of the light intensity varied with the proton energy were measured and analyzed in detail. Results show that the ZnO：Ga crystal has potential applications in the regime of pulse radiation detection.展开更多
In order to achieve a wider range of ionizing radiations detection,novel fluorescence sensing materials have been developed that utilize the fluorescence enhancement phenomenon caused by the intramolecular photoinduce...In order to achieve a wider range of ionizing radiations detection,novel fluorescence sensing materials have been developed that utilize the fluorescence enhancement phenomenon caused by the intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer(PET)effect.Two perylene diimide isomers PDI-P and PDI-B were designed and synthesized,and their molecular structures were characterized by high-resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry(HRMS),nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen and carbon spectroscopy(~1H and~(13)C NMR).The interaction between ionizing radiation and fluorescent molecules was simulated by HCl titration.The results show that combining PDIs and HCl can improve fluorescence through the retro-PET process.Despite the similarities in chemical structures,the fluorescent enhancement multiple of PDI-B with aromatic amine as electron donor is much higher than that of PDI-P with alkyl amine.In the direct irradiation experiments of ionizing radiation,the emission enhancement multiples of PDI-P and PDI-B are 2.01 and 45.4,respectively.Furthermore,density functional theory(DFT)and time-dependent density functional theory(TDDFT)calculations indicate that the HOMO and HOMO-1 energy ranges of PDI-P and PDI-B are 0.54 e V and 1.13 e V,respectively.A wider energy range has a stronger driving force on electrons,which is conducive to fluorescence quenching.Both femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy(fs-TAS)and transient fluorescence spectroscopy(TFS)tests show that PDI-B has shorter charge separation lifetime and higher electron transfer rate constant.Although both isomers can significantly reduce LOD during PET process,PDI-B with aromatic amine has a wider detection range of 0.118—240 Gy due to its larger emission enhancement,which is a leap of three orders of magnitude.It breaks through the detection range of gamma radiation reported in existing studies,and provides theoretical support for the further study of sensitive and effective new materials for ionizing radiation detection.展开更多
The radiation-sensitive field effect transistors(RADFET)radiation dosimeter is a type of radiation detector based on the total dose effects of the p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor(PMOS)transistor.The RADFET chip wa...The radiation-sensitive field effect transistors(RADFET)radiation dosimeter is a type of radiation detector based on the total dose effects of the p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor(PMOS)transistor.The RADFET chip was fabricated in United Microelectronics Center 8-inch process with a six-layer photomask.The chip including two identical PMOS transistors,occupies a size of 610μm×610μm.Each PMOS has a W/L ratio of 300μm/50μm,and a 400 nm thick gate oxide,which is formed by a dry-wet-dry oxygen process.The wet oxygen-formed gate oxide with more traps can capture more holes during irradiation,thus significantly changing the PMOS threshold voltage.Pre-irradiation measurement results from ten test chips show that the initial average voltage of the PMOS is 1.961 V with a dispersion of 5.7%.The irradiation experiment is conducted in a cobalt source facility with a dose rate of 50 rad(Si)/s.During irradiation,a constant current source circuit of 10μA was connected to monitoring the shift in threshold voltage under different total dose.When the total dose is 100 krad(Si),the shift in threshold voltage was approximately 1.37 V,which demonstrates that an excellent radiation function was achieved.展开更多
This paper researched on the atmospheric transmission performance of 0.4 μm～0.8 μm ray radiation based on the characteristic of the middle latitude atmosphere in China.By analysis of the characteristic of the actua...This paper researched on the atmospheric transmission performance of 0.4 μm～0.8 μm ray radiation based on the characteristic of the middle latitude atmosphere in China.By analysis of the characteristic of the actual atmosphere,the absorption of molecular and the scattering of the steam and ozone,as well as the aerosol scattering(big granule scattering) are play a leading role to the 0.4 μm～0.8 μm ray radiation.Then a better atmospheric transmission formula in horizontal path has been deducted.The result of computer simulation indicates that this equation can best calculate the transmission performance of 0.4 μm～0.8 μm visible radiation in the middle latitude area of China.This computing result was applied to the nuclear explosion parameter detection system based on 0.4 μm～0.8 μm visible radiation.Through nuclear explosion simulator to produce ray radiation,the tested result indicates that this method has the better measuring precision than the traditional method with the software of LOWTRAN.The calculation result of this formula not only can apply directly to each kind of optoelectronics detecting system,but also to the optical wireless communication system based on the 0.4 μm～0.8 μm ray radiation.展开更多
The energetic particle detector on China's space station can determine the energy, flux, and direction of medium-and highenergy protons, electrons, heavy ions, and neutrons within the path of the station's orb...The energetic particle detector on China's space station can determine the energy, flux, and direction of medium-and highenergy protons, electrons, heavy ions, and neutrons within the path of the station's orbit. It also assesses the linear energy transfer(LET)spectra and radiation dose rates generated by these particles. Neutron detection is a significant component of this work, utilizing a new type of Cs_(2)LiYCl_(6): Ce scintillator material along with plastic scintillators as sensors. In-orbit testing has demonstrated the efficient identification of space neutrons and gamma rays(n/γ). This data plays a crucial role in supporting manned space engineering, scientific research, and other related fields.展开更多
Phosphor converts excitation energy into light,resulting in lumminescence.The luminescence caused by radiation is called scintillation.Since the discovery of the scintillation in NaI∶Tl crystal in 1948,a series of ma...Phosphor converts excitation energy into light,resulting in lumminescence.The luminescence caused by radiation is called scintillation.Since the discovery of the scintillation in NaI∶Tl crystal in 1948,a series of materials with profound scintillating characteristics have been developed and have found wide applications for radiation detection in different fields such as nuclear physics,high energy physics,medical diagnostic imaging,geophysics exploration,clandestine explosive finding and many industrial measuring systems. Inorganic scintillating crystals have superior characteristics over their organic counterparts and some kinds of ceramics,glasses and powders that do have their scintillation effects.We will confine ourselves mainly to inorganic scintillating crystals in this presentation..展开更多
With the development of laser technologies,nuclear reactions can happen in high-temperature plasma environments induced by lasers and have attracted a lot of attention from different physical disciplines.However,studi...With the development of laser technologies,nuclear reactions can happen in high-temperature plasma environments induced by lasers and have attracted a lot of attention from different physical disciplines.However,studies on nuclear reactions in plasma are still limited by detecting technologies.This is mainly due to the fact that extremely high electromagnetic pulses(EMPs)can also be induced when high-intensity lasers hit targets to induce plasma,and then cause dysfunction of many types of traditional detectors.Therefore,new particle detecting technologies are highly needed.In this paper,we report a recently developed gated fiber detector which can be used in harsh EMP environments.In this prototype detector,scintillating photons are coupled by fiber and then transferred to a gated photomultiplier tube which is located far away from the EMP source and shielded well.With those measures,the EMPs can be avoided which may result that the device has the capability to identify a single event of nuclear reaction products generated in laser-induced plasma from noise EMP backgrounds.This new type of detector can be widely used as a time-of-flight(TOF)detector in high-intensity laser nuclear physics experiments for detecting neutrons,photons,and other charged particles.展开更多
All-inorganic Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9)(CBI)halide perovskites are sought to be candidate for photoelectrical materials because of their low toxicity and satisfactory stability.Unfortunately,the discrete molecular[Bi2I9]3−clu...All-inorganic Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9)(CBI)halide perovskites are sought to be candidate for photoelectrical materials because of their low toxicity and satisfactory stability.Unfortunately,the discrete molecular[Bi2I9]3−clusters limit the charge-transport behaviors.Herein,the defect halide perovskite based on trivalent Bi^(3+)is expanded to Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(6)Br_(3)(CBIB).Centimeter-size CBIB single crystal(Φ15×70 mm^(3))was grown by the vertical Bridgeman method.The powder X-ray diffraction analysis shows that CBIB has structure with lattice parameters of a=b=8.223Å,c=10.024Å,α=β=90°andγ=120°.The density functional theory(DFT)calculations demonstrate that the charge density distribution was enhanced after the dimensional expansion.The enhancement of carrier transport ability of(00l)in-plane is characterized before and after dimensional improvement.The obtained CBIB(001)exhibited an electron mobility up to 40.03 cm^(2)V^(−1)s^(−1)by time-of-flight(TOF)technique,higher than 26.46 cm^(2)V^(−1)s^(−1)of CBI(001).Furthermore,the X-ray sensitivity increases from 707.81μC Gy^(−1)cm^(−2)for CBI(001)to 3194.59μC Gy−1 cm^(−2)for CBIB(001).This research will deepen our understanding of Bi-based perovskite materials and afford more promising strategies for lead-free perovskite optoelectronic devices modification.展开更多
Radiation detection material is a central component of nuclear technology finding applications in many critical fields.Developing a highly radiation-sensitive material that shows a facilely detectable response to ultr...Radiation detection material is a central component of nuclear technology finding applications in many critical fields.Developing a highly radiation-sensitive material that shows a facilely detectable response to ultra-low dosage of radiation is a long-term research target and remains to be a challenge.Previously reported most optimal chemical radiation dosimeter can detect low-dosage X-andγ-ray radiations down to 10^(−4) Gy.We document here a new photoresponsive coordination polymer showing upgraded radiation detection capabilities with the detection limit on the radiation dose one order of magnitude lower than the previous record.The radiation induced photoluminescence quenching process was elucidated by multiple spectroscopic characterizations.展开更多
1.Aimsand scope.Radiation Detection Technology and Methods(RDTM)focuses on all aspects of radiation detection technology and methods,including electronics and system design,computer and control techniques,detection te...1.Aimsand scope.Radiation Detection Technology and Methods(RDTM)focuses on all aspects of radiation detection technology and methods,including electronics and system design,computer and control techniques,detection technology and methods,data processing and imaging.It presents an attractive mix of authoritative and comprehensive reviews,original articles on cutting-edge research and brief communications.The journal offers rapid review and publication of articles.展开更多
1.Aims and scope.Radiation Detection Technology and Methods(RDTM)focuses on all aspects of radiation detection technology and methods,including electronics and system design,computer and control techniques,detection t...1.Aims and scope.Radiation Detection Technology and Methods(RDTM)focuses on all aspects of radiation detection technology and methods,including electronics and system design,computer and control techniques,detection technology and methods,data processing and imaging.It presents an attractive mix of authoritative and comprehensive reviews,original articles on cutting-edge research and brief communications.The journal offers rapid review and publication of articles.展开更多
Correction to:Radiation Detection Technology and Methods(2024)8:1486-1495.https://doi.org/10.1007/s41605-024-00470-z.In this article Methods section of the publication,the term(beamline scientific data acquisition sys...Correction to:Radiation Detection Technology and Methods(2024)8:1486-1495.https://doi.org/10.1007/s41605-024-00470-z.In this article Methods section of the publication,the term(beamline scientific data acquisition system)is incorrectly written and redundant,it has been removed.展开更多
基金financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22175156)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)(No.162301202692).
文摘Aggregation-induced emission(AIE)is a unique phenomenon where certain organic materials exhibit enhanced luminescence in their aggregated states,overcoming the typical quenching observed in conventional organic materials.Since its discovery in 2001,AIE has driven significant advances in fields like OLEDs and biological imaging,earning recognition in fundamental research.However,its application in high-energy radiation detection remains underexplored.Organic scintillators,though widely used,face challenges such as low light yield and poor radiation attenuation.AIE materials offer promising solutions by improving light yield,response speed,and radiation attenuation.This review summarizes the design strategies behind AIE scintillators and their very recent applications in X-ray,γ-ray,and fast neutron detection.We highlight their advantages in enhancing detection sensitivity,reducing background noise,and achieving high-resolution imaging.By addressing the current challenges,we believe AIE materials will play a pivotal role in advancing future radiation detection and imaging technologies.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(62125502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52302002,62305115)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515011827)。
文摘The scintillating photonic glass has the great potential for medicine imaging,nuclear physics,highenergy physics,and national defense.However,the development of the candidate with the high density remains a significant challenge.Herein,the superdense scintillating glasses derived from the Ce^(3+)-activated Lu_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)binary system were successfully fabricated by the strategy of contactless aerodynamic levitation heating under the N_(2)atmosphere.These glasses are colorless,optical homogeneous,and exhibit superdense density from 6.59 to 7.15 g/cm^(3),representing the highest density among the fast decay glass systems.The materials present excellent radiation-blocking ability,suitable emission wavelength,and fast response,indicating the promise for fast-eve nt X-ray detection.The micro radiation probe was fabricated by connecting the scintillating glass and the optical fiber.The practical application in remote radiation detection is demonstrated and it exhibits excellent linear response and high signalto-noise ratio.The results confirm that the fabricated superdense scintillating glass is promising for application in the field of high-energy radiation detection.
文摘In the last years, the production of optical fibers cables has made possible the development of a range of spectroscopic probes for in situ analysis performing beyond nondestructive tests, environmental monitoring, security investigation, application in radiotherapy for dose monitoring, verification and validation. In this work, a system using an optical fiber cable to electromagnetic signal transmission from a NaI（TI） radiation detector is presented. The innovative device takes advantage mainly of the optical fibers large passband, small signal attenuation and immunity to electromagnetic interference to application for radiation detection systems. The main aim was to simplify the detection system making it to reach areas where the conventional device cannot access due to its lack of mobility and external dimensions. Some tests with this innovative system are presented and the results stimulate the continuity of the researches.
基金support fromthe National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF0721700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52372003)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(ZD2023E004)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Ji’an City(20233-117685)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,and the State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics(SKLPDE-KF-202414).
文摘With the significant progress of high-energy physics,nuclear science,and technology,the demand for high-performance scintillators is growing rapidly.Among solid-state scintillators,glass scintillators would play a vital role in the field of high-energy radiation detections because of their merits including low cost,batch production,and arbitrariness in shape.In this review article,the research and development of glass scintillators is introduced with respect to the following key parameters including:density,light yield,scintillation decay time,and radiation hardness.The scintillation mechanisms,preparation methods particularly for Ce^(3+)-activated glasses,standard testing methods,scintillation performance,and applications of glass scintillators are comprehensively reviewed and critically discussed.Finally,the problems existing in the research field are presented and the future development directions of glass scintillators for performance improvement are suggested.
基金support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)and the Micro-Nano Technology(MNT)program facilitated by CMC Microsystems.
文摘In this work,we introduce a novel Micro Circular Log-Periodic Antenna(MCLPA)optimized with an advanced Evolutionary Neural Network(ENN)algorithm,specifically designed to enhance terahertz(THz)radiation detection.By leveraging the adaptive capabilities of the ENN framework,the antenna design efficiency is significantly improved,enabling rapid prototyping and yielding highly optimized structures tailored for practical THz applications.Extensive characterization confirms that the proposed MCLPA achieves outstanding performance,including an ultra-broad operational bandwidth of 372 GHz(0.135-0.507 THz),a peak gain of 5.51 dBi,an optimal S-parameter(S11)of−13.68 dB,and a maximum radiation efficiency of 82.39%.In addition,the MCLPA exhibits superior sensitivity,low noise susceptibility,and fast response,which are key attributes for reliable and precise THz detection.When configured in array form,the design further enhances gain and directional responsiveness,demonstrating the scalability and deployment potential of the MCLPA.This ENN-driven MCLPA represents a significant breakthrough in THz antenna engineering,introducing a transformative design paradigm that synergistically integrates algorithmic intelligence with structural innovation.By substantially reducing design time and cost while achieving exceptional performance,the proposed ENN framework sets a new benchmark for the development of next-generation THz detection and communication systems,offering broad implications for future high-frequency technologies.
基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2021T140234Fund for the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,Grant/Award Numbers:2020CFA034,2021CFA036+3 种基金HCP Program for HUSTInnovation Fund of WNLOMajor State Basic Research Development Program of China,Grant/Award Numbers:2018YFA0703200,2021YFB3201000National Natural。
文摘Sensitive and fast detection of neutrons and gamma rays is vital for homeland security,high-energy physics,and proton therapy.Fast-neutron detectors rely on light organic scintillators,andγ-ray detectors use heavy inorganic scintillators and semiconductors.Efficient mixed-field detection using a single material is highly challenging due to their contradictory requirements.Here we report hybrid perovskites(C_(8)H_(12)N)_(2)Pb(Br_(0.95)Cl_(0.05))_(4)that combine light organic cations and heavy inorganic skeletons at a molecular level to achieve unprecedented performance for mixed-field radiation detection.High neutron absorption due to a high density of hydrogen,strong radiative recombination within the highly confined[PbX_(6)]^(4-)layer,and sub-nanometer distance between absorption sites and radiative centers,enable a light yield of 41000 photons/MeV,detection pulse width of 2.97 ns and extraordinary linearity response toward both fast neutrons andγ-rays,outperforming commonly used fast-neutron scintillators.Neutron energy spectrum,time-of-flight based fast-neutron/γ-ray discrimination and neutron yield monitoring were all successfully achieved using(C_(8)H_(12)N)_(2)Pb(Br_(0.95)Cl_(0.05))_(4)detectors.We further demonstrate the monitoring of reaction kinetics and total power of a nuclear fusion reaction.We envision that molecular hybridized scintillators open a new avenue for mixed-field radiation detection and imaging.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFB1805901)Key R&D Program of Guangzhou(202007020003)+6 种基金National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(62125502)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51972113,51873074,and 52105335)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M691052 and 2021M691060)Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices(2023-skllmd-20)Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(2017BT01X137)Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Reactor System Design TechnologyFundamental Research Funds for the Central University.
文摘The fabrication of advanced radiation detectors is an important subject due to the wide use of radiation sources in scientific instruments,medical services,security check,non-destructive inspection,and nuclear industries.However,the manufacture of flexible and stretchable radiation detectors remains a challenge.Here,we report the scalable fabrication of super-elastic scintillating fibers and fabrics for visual radiation detection by thermal drawing and melt-spinning methods using styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene,and scintillating Gd_(2)O_(2)S:Tb(GOS).Microstructure evolution,rheological properties,and radiation-composite interaction are studied to reveal the excellent processability,elasticity,and radiation detection ability of the fabricated fibers.Benefiting from the physical crosslinking structural features of the polymer matrix and the excellent radiation absorption capacities of GOS,the resulting fiber can sustain high strains of 765%with a high content of GOS dopants(2 wt.%)and has excellent X-ray detection performance with the limit down to 53 nGy_(air)s^(-1).Furthermore,stretchable fabrics are constructed,and their applications in various fields,such as radiation warning,and X-ray imaging,are demonstrated.Our work not only provides a new type of super-elastic scintillating fibers and fabrics for smart textiles but also demonstrates their potential applications in the nuclear field.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12175253,12335012)the Program of Science Technology Service Network of Chinese Academy of Science,Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS.
文摘Purpose Glass is a potential choice for the scintillator in Hadronic calorimetry(HCAL)of the CEPC.It requires sophisticated instruments and suitable methods to obtain scintillation properties of the glasses in the first time.It is necessary to establish an evaluation method for nuclear radiation detection performance of glass scintillator.Methods The spectroscopy research of the glass includes transmission/absorption spectrum and emission spectrum.The time characteristics include rise time,scintillation decay time and afterglow.The scintillation properties include light yield,energy resolution and minimum ionizing particle(MIP)response.And a new method for measuring the low light yield of glass scintillators is proposed.Results We have built a complete performance test system and evaluation method,which can evaluate the nuclear radiation detection performance of different glass scintillators.Conclusion By continuously improving the composition and preparation process of the glass,it can provide potential possibilities for the application in the high-energy physics experiment and nuclear radiation detection fields.
文摘In this paper, properties on pulsed radiation detections of ZnO：Ga crystal grew by a magnetron sputtering method were studied. The time response to pulsed laser, pulsed hard X rays and single α particles, the energy response to pulsed hard X ray, the scintillation efficiency to γ rays, the response to pulsed proton, and the relations of the light intensity varied with the proton energy were measured and analyzed in detail. Results show that the ZnO：Ga crystal has potential applications in the regime of pulse radiation detection.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21801016)the Science and Technology on Applied Physical Chemistry Laboratory(Grant No.6142602220304)。
文摘In order to achieve a wider range of ionizing radiations detection,novel fluorescence sensing materials have been developed that utilize the fluorescence enhancement phenomenon caused by the intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer(PET)effect.Two perylene diimide isomers PDI-P and PDI-B were designed and synthesized,and their molecular structures were characterized by high-resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry(HRMS),nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen and carbon spectroscopy(~1H and~(13)C NMR).The interaction between ionizing radiation and fluorescent molecules was simulated by HCl titration.The results show that combining PDIs and HCl can improve fluorescence through the retro-PET process.Despite the similarities in chemical structures,the fluorescent enhancement multiple of PDI-B with aromatic amine as electron donor is much higher than that of PDI-P with alkyl amine.In the direct irradiation experiments of ionizing radiation,the emission enhancement multiples of PDI-P and PDI-B are 2.01 and 45.4,respectively.Furthermore,density functional theory(DFT)and time-dependent density functional theory(TDDFT)calculations indicate that the HOMO and HOMO-1 energy ranges of PDI-P and PDI-B are 0.54 e V and 1.13 e V,respectively.A wider energy range has a stronger driving force on electrons,which is conducive to fluorescence quenching.Both femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy(fs-TAS)and transient fluorescence spectroscopy(TFS)tests show that PDI-B has shorter charge separation lifetime and higher electron transfer rate constant.Although both isomers can significantly reduce LOD during PET process,PDI-B with aromatic amine has a wider detection range of 0.118—240 Gy due to its larger emission enhancement,which is a leap of three orders of magnitude.It breaks through the detection range of gamma radiation reported in existing studies,and provides theoretical support for the further study of sensitive and effective new materials for ionizing radiation detection.
文摘The radiation-sensitive field effect transistors(RADFET)radiation dosimeter is a type of radiation detector based on the total dose effects of the p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor(PMOS)transistor.The RADFET chip was fabricated in United Microelectronics Center 8-inch process with a six-layer photomask.The chip including two identical PMOS transistors,occupies a size of 610μm×610μm.Each PMOS has a W/L ratio of 300μm/50μm,and a 400 nm thick gate oxide,which is formed by a dry-wet-dry oxygen process.The wet oxygen-formed gate oxide with more traps can capture more holes during irradiation,thus significantly changing the PMOS threshold voltage.Pre-irradiation measurement results from ten test chips show that the initial average voltage of the PMOS is 1.961 V with a dispersion of 5.7%.The irradiation experiment is conducted in a cobalt source facility with a dose rate of 50 rad(Si)/s.During irradiation,a constant current source circuit of 10μA was connected to monitoring the shift in threshold voltage under different total dose.When the total dose is 100 krad(Si),the shift in threshold voltage was approximately 1.37 V,which demonstrates that an excellent radiation function was achieved.
文摘This paper researched on the atmospheric transmission performance of 0.4 μm～0.8 μm ray radiation based on the characteristic of the middle latitude atmosphere in China.By analysis of the characteristic of the actual atmosphere,the absorption of molecular and the scattering of the steam and ozone,as well as the aerosol scattering(big granule scattering) are play a leading role to the 0.4 μm～0.8 μm ray radiation.Then a better atmospheric transmission formula in horizontal path has been deducted.The result of computer simulation indicates that this equation can best calculate the transmission performance of 0.4 μm～0.8 μm visible radiation in the middle latitude area of China.This computing result was applied to the nuclear explosion parameter detection system based on 0.4 μm～0.8 μm visible radiation.Through nuclear explosion simulator to produce ray radiation,the tested result indicates that this method has the better measuring precision than the traditional method with the software of LOWTRAN.The calculation result of this formula not only can apply directly to each kind of optoelectronics detecting system,but also to the optical wireless communication system based on the 0.4 μm～0.8 μm ray radiation.
基金This mission was supported by the China Manned Space Office。
文摘The energetic particle detector on China's space station can determine the energy, flux, and direction of medium-and highenergy protons, electrons, heavy ions, and neutrons within the path of the station's orbit. It also assesses the linear energy transfer(LET)spectra and radiation dose rates generated by these particles. Neutron detection is a significant component of this work, utilizing a new type of Cs_(2)LiYCl_(6): Ce scintillator material along with plastic scintillators as sensors. In-orbit testing has demonstrated the efficient identification of space neutrons and gamma rays(n/γ). This data plays a crucial role in supporting manned space engineering, scientific research, and other related fields.
文摘Phosphor converts excitation energy into light,resulting in lumminescence.The luminescence caused by radiation is called scintillation.Since the discovery of the scintillation in NaI∶Tl crystal in 1948,a series of materials with profound scintillating characteristics have been developed and have found wide applications for radiation detection in different fields such as nuclear physics,high energy physics,medical diagnostic imaging,geophysics exploration,clandestine explosive finding and many industrial measuring systems. Inorganic scintillating crystals have superior characteristics over their organic counterparts and some kinds of ceramics,glasses and powders that do have their scintillation effects.We will confine ourselves mainly to inorganic scintillating crystals in this presentation..
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.11875191,11890714,11925502,11935001,and 11961141003)the Strategic Priority Research Program(No.CAS XDB1602)。
文摘With the development of laser technologies,nuclear reactions can happen in high-temperature plasma environments induced by lasers and have attracted a lot of attention from different physical disciplines.However,studies on nuclear reactions in plasma are still limited by detecting technologies.This is mainly due to the fact that extremely high electromagnetic pulses(EMPs)can also be induced when high-intensity lasers hit targets to induce plasma,and then cause dysfunction of many types of traditional detectors.Therefore,new particle detecting technologies are highly needed.In this paper,we report a recently developed gated fiber detector which can be used in harsh EMP environments.In this prototype detector,scintillating photons are coupled by fiber and then transferred to a gated photomultiplier tube which is located far away from the EMP source and shielded well.With those measures,the EMPs can be avoided which may result that the device has the capability to identify a single event of nuclear reaction products generated in laser-induced plasma from noise EMP backgrounds.This new type of detector can be widely used as a time-of-flight(TOF)detector in high-intensity laser nuclear physics experiments for detecting neutrons,photons,and other charged particles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(Nos.51872228,U2032170 and 51802262)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFE0115200 and 2016YFF0101301)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundations of Shaanxi Province(2019JQ-459 and 2020JC-12)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(2019ZDLGY04-07)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(D5000210906 and 3102020QD0408)。
文摘All-inorganic Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9)(CBI)halide perovskites are sought to be candidate for photoelectrical materials because of their low toxicity and satisfactory stability.Unfortunately,the discrete molecular[Bi2I9]3−clusters limit the charge-transport behaviors.Herein,the defect halide perovskite based on trivalent Bi^(3+)is expanded to Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(6)Br_(3)(CBIB).Centimeter-size CBIB single crystal(Φ15×70 mm^(3))was grown by the vertical Bridgeman method.The powder X-ray diffraction analysis shows that CBIB has structure with lattice parameters of a=b=8.223Å,c=10.024Å,α=β=90°andγ=120°.The density functional theory(DFT)calculations demonstrate that the charge density distribution was enhanced after the dimensional expansion.The enhancement of carrier transport ability of(00l)in-plane is characterized before and after dimensional improvement.The obtained CBIB(001)exhibited an electron mobility up to 40.03 cm^(2)V^(−1)s^(−1)by time-of-flight(TOF)technique,higher than 26.46 cm^(2)V^(−1)s^(−1)of CBI(001).Furthermore,the X-ray sensitivity increases from 707.81μC Gy^(−1)cm^(−2)for CBI(001)to 3194.59μC Gy−1 cm^(−2)for CBIB(001).This research will deepen our understanding of Bi-based perovskite materials and afford more promising strategies for lead-free perovskite optoelectronic devices modification.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21825601,21790374)Young Taishan Scholars Program(tsqn201909082).A portion of this work was performed on the Steady High Magnetic Field Facilities,High Magnetic Field Laboratory,CAS.
文摘Radiation detection material is a central component of nuclear technology finding applications in many critical fields.Developing a highly radiation-sensitive material that shows a facilely detectable response to ultra-low dosage of radiation is a long-term research target and remains to be a challenge.Previously reported most optimal chemical radiation dosimeter can detect low-dosage X-andγ-ray radiations down to 10^(−4) Gy.We document here a new photoresponsive coordination polymer showing upgraded radiation detection capabilities with the detection limit on the radiation dose one order of magnitude lower than the previous record.The radiation induced photoluminescence quenching process was elucidated by multiple spectroscopic characterizations.
文摘1.Aimsand scope.Radiation Detection Technology and Methods(RDTM)focuses on all aspects of radiation detection technology and methods,including electronics and system design,computer and control techniques,detection technology and methods,data processing and imaging.It presents an attractive mix of authoritative and comprehensive reviews,original articles on cutting-edge research and brief communications.The journal offers rapid review and publication of articles.
文摘1.Aims and scope.Radiation Detection Technology and Methods(RDTM)focuses on all aspects of radiation detection technology and methods,including electronics and system design,computer and control techniques,detection technology and methods,data processing and imaging.It presents an attractive mix of authoritative and comprehensive reviews,original articles on cutting-edge research and brief communications.The journal offers rapid review and publication of articles.
文摘Correction to:Radiation Detection Technology and Methods(2024)8:1486-1495.https://doi.org/10.1007/s41605-024-00470-z.In this article Methods section of the publication,the term(beamline scientific data acquisition system)is incorrectly written and redundant,it has been removed.
