Land cover change affects surface radiation budget and energy balance by chang- ing surface albedo and further impacts the regional and global climate. In this article, high spatial and temporal resolution satellite p...Land cover change affects surface radiation budget and energy balance by chang- ing surface albedo and further impacts the regional and global climate. In this article, high spatial and temporal resolution satellite products were used to analyze the driving mechanism for surface albedo change caused by land cover change during 1990-2010. In addition, the annual-scale radiative forcing caused by surface albedo changes in China＇s 50 ecological regions were calculated to reveal the biophysical mechanisms of land cover change affecting climate change at regional scale. Our results showed that the national land cover changes were mainly caused by land reclamation, grassland desertification and urbanization in past 20 years, which were almost induced by anthropogenic activities. Grassland and forest area decreased by 0.60% and 0.11%, respectively. The area of urban and farmland increased by 0.60% and 0.19%, respectively. The mean radiative forcing caused by land cover changes during 1990-2010 was 0.062 W/m2 in China, indicating a warming climate effect. However, spatial heterogeneity of radiative forcing was huge among different ecological regions. Farmland conversing to urban construction land, the main type of land cover change for the urban and suburban agricultural ecological region in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region, caused an albedo reduction by 0.00456 and a maximum positive radiative forcing of 0.863 WIm2, which was presented as warming climate effects. Grassland and forest conversing to farmland, the main type of land cover change for the temperate humid agricultural and wetland ecological region in Sanjiang Plain, caused an albedo increase by 0.00152 and a maximum negative radiative forcing of 0.184 W/m2, implying cooling climate effects.展开更多
Although solar UV radiation contains only about 1％ of the total irradiance,it hasa large variation with solar activity.The measurements in the 21th solar cycle show thatthe variation in 200um region is about 6％ duri...Although solar UV radiation contains only about 1％ of the total irradiance,it hasa large variation with solar activity.The measurements in the 21th solar cycle show thatthe variation in 200um region is about 6％ during a solar flare and it can reach 40％ inLyman line,even it can increase by 150％ over 11-year solar cycle.Due to the fact展开更多
Objective: Radiotherapy is the main modality for treatment of malignancies, but radiation fibrosis is a severe side effect of radiotherapy which may cause severe dysfunction of patients. We design a new tr aditional C...Objective: Radiotherapy is the main modality for treatment of malignancies, but radiation fibrosis is a severe side effect of radiotherapy which may cause severe dysfunction of patients. We design a new tr aditional Chinese her bal pr otocol, which is named as Anti-fibrosis 1, and use it in patients with severe radiation fibrosis. Methods: From Feb 2013 to Feb 2014, 23 patients with severe radiation fibrosis and apparent dysfunction were treated with anti-fib rosis 1. The re were 7 pa ti ents with nasopharyngeal car cinoma, 7 with oral cavity and oral pharyngeal carcinoma, 2 with pharyngeal carcinoma, 2 with breast carcinoma, 2 with esophageal carcinoma and 3 patients with pelvic malignancies. All patients received radiothe rapy at least 0.5-8 years ago, and 22 pa ti ents with complete response, but all patients suffered with severe radiation fibrosis. The radiation dosage was among 50-74Gy/25-37f/35-70d. Patients status of fibrosis and recovery of tissue and organ were evaluated after 0.5, 1.5 and 3 months of herbal treatment. Results: 22 of 23 patients were head and neck car cinoma, 20 pati ents had got par tial r elief afte r 15 days medication with anti-fib rosis 1, nea rly all pa ti ents had got appa rent r elief afte r 1.5 month of medication. But, there was no apparent difference between 1.5 month and 3 months group. There were no apparent side effects after the herbal treatment. Conclusions: The traditional Chinese herbal protocol anti-fibrosis 1 is an effective and safe modality for radiation fibrosis. And the apparent effect occurred after 1.5 month of herbal medication.展开更多
We investigate the transition of a radiatively inefficient phase of a viscous two temperature accreting flow to a cooling dominated phase and vice versa around black holes. Based on a global sub-Keplerian accretion di...We investigate the transition of a radiatively inefficient phase of a viscous two temperature accreting flow to a cooling dominated phase and vice versa around black holes. Based on a global sub-Keplerian accretion disk model in steady state, including explicit cooling processes self-consistently, we show that general advective accretion flow passes through various phases during its infall towards a black hole. Bremsstrahlung, syn- chrotron and inverse Comptonization of soft photons are considered as possible cooling mechanisms. Hence the flow governs a much lower electron temperature ～10^8 - 10^9.5 K compared to the hot protons of temperature ～10^10.2 - 10^11.8 K in the range of the accretion rate in Eddington units 0.01≤M≤ 100. Therefore, the solutions may potentially explain the hard X-rays and the γ-rays emitted from AGNs and X-ray binaries. We finally compare the solutions for two different regimes of viscosity and conclude that a weakly viscous flow is expected to be cooling dominated compared to its highly viscous counterpart which is radiatively inefficient. The flow is successfully able to reproduce the observed luminosities of the under-fed AGNs and quasars （e.g. Sgr A＊）, ultra-luminous X-ray sources （e.g. SS433）, as well as the highly luminous AGNs and ultra-luminous quasars （e.g. PKS 0743-67） at different combinations of the mass accretion rate and ratio of specific heats.展开更多
This paper investigated radiation heat transfer and temperature distributions of solar thermochemical reactor for syngas production using the finite volume discrete ordinate method （fvDOM） and P1 approximation for r...This paper investigated radiation heat transfer and temperature distributions of solar thermochemical reactor for syngas production using the finite volume discrete ordinate method （fvDOM） and P1 approximation for radiation heat transfer. Different parameters including absorptivity, emissivity, reflection based radiation scatter- ing, and carrier gas flow inlet velocity that would greatly affect the reactor thermal performance were sufficiently investigated. The fvDOM approximation was used to obtain the radiation intensity distribution along the reactor. The drop in the temperature resulted from the radiation scattering was further investigated using the P1 approx- imation. The results indicated that the reactor temperature difference between the P1 approximation and the fvDOM radiation model was very close under different operating conditions. However, a big temperature difference which increased with an increase in the radiation emissivity due to the thermal non-equilibrium was observed in the radiation inlet region. It was found that the incident radiation flux distribution had a strong impact on the temperature distribution throughout the reactor. This paper revealed that the temperature drop caused by the boundary radiation heat loss should not be neglected for the thermal performance analysis of solar thermochemical reactor.展开更多
This note presents results of a research for the effect of electromagnetic radia- tion to the growth of soybeans. The result has proved the fact that intensive and high energy electromagnetic radiation changes soybean...This note presents results of a research for the effect of electromagnetic radia- tion to the growth of soybeans. The result has proved the fact that intensive and high energy electromagnetic radiation changes soybeans’ capacity to absorb trace ele-展开更多
The study on the radiation damage of organism is one of important subjects in btoscience. To erplain the complex damage mechanism on a molecular level, it is reasonable approach to investigate first the simple molecul...The study on the radiation damage of organism is one of important subjects in btoscience. To erplain the complex damage mechanism on a molecular level, it is reasonable approach to investigate first the simple molecule, e.g. amino acids. The damage of amino acids by high energy radia-展开更多
The relative biological effect of the fast neutron is far greater than 1, thus a neutron bomb can kill the living beings through its strong neutron radiation. Theoretically, if the protium composition is substituted b...The relative biological effect of the fast neutron is far greater than 1, thus a neutron bomb can kill the living beings through its strong neutron radiation. Theoretically, if the protium composition is substituted by deuterium, an organism could resist neutron radiationt. In this experiment, a brewe’s yeast (Saccharomyces carls-展开更多
基金Supported by Shantou University Medical College Clinical Research Enhancement Initiative,and Research and Travel Grants from the Science and Technology Key Project of Shantou City,China,2012,No.2012-165-131
文摘AIM: To establish the feasibility of simultaneous modulated accelerated radiation therapy (SMART) in esophageal cancer (EC).
基金National Key Program for Developing Basic Science,No.2010CB950902Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDA05090303
文摘Land cover change affects surface radiation budget and energy balance by chang- ing surface albedo and further impacts the regional and global climate. In this article, high spatial and temporal resolution satellite products were used to analyze the driving mechanism for surface albedo change caused by land cover change during 1990-2010. In addition, the annual-scale radiative forcing caused by surface albedo changes in China＇s 50 ecological regions were calculated to reveal the biophysical mechanisms of land cover change affecting climate change at regional scale. Our results showed that the national land cover changes were mainly caused by land reclamation, grassland desertification and urbanization in past 20 years, which were almost induced by anthropogenic activities. Grassland and forest area decreased by 0.60% and 0.11%, respectively. The area of urban and farmland increased by 0.60% and 0.19%, respectively. The mean radiative forcing caused by land cover changes during 1990-2010 was 0.062 W/m2 in China, indicating a warming climate effect. However, spatial heterogeneity of radiative forcing was huge among different ecological regions. Farmland conversing to urban construction land, the main type of land cover change for the urban and suburban agricultural ecological region in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region, caused an albedo reduction by 0.00456 and a maximum positive radiative forcing of 0.863 WIm2, which was presented as warming climate effects. Grassland and forest conversing to farmland, the main type of land cover change for the temperate humid agricultural and wetland ecological region in Sanjiang Plain, caused an albedo increase by 0.00152 and a maximum negative radiative forcing of 0.184 W/m2, implying cooling climate effects.
文摘Although solar UV radiation contains only about 1％ of the total irradiance,it hasa large variation with solar activity.The measurements in the 21th solar cycle show thatthe variation in 200um region is about 6％ during a solar flare and it can reach 40％ inLyman line,even it can increase by 150％ over 11-year solar cycle.Due to the fact
文摘Objective: Radiotherapy is the main modality for treatment of malignancies, but radiation fibrosis is a severe side effect of radiotherapy which may cause severe dysfunction of patients. We design a new tr aditional Chinese her bal pr otocol, which is named as Anti-fibrosis 1, and use it in patients with severe radiation fibrosis. Methods: From Feb 2013 to Feb 2014, 23 patients with severe radiation fibrosis and apparent dysfunction were treated with anti-fib rosis 1. The re were 7 pa ti ents with nasopharyngeal car cinoma, 7 with oral cavity and oral pharyngeal carcinoma, 2 with pharyngeal carcinoma, 2 with breast carcinoma, 2 with esophageal carcinoma and 3 patients with pelvic malignancies. All patients received radiothe rapy at least 0.5-8 years ago, and 22 pa ti ents with complete response, but all patients suffered with severe radiation fibrosis. The radiation dosage was among 50-74Gy/25-37f/35-70d. Patients status of fibrosis and recovery of tissue and organ were evaluated after 0.5, 1.5 and 3 months of herbal treatment. Results: 22 of 23 patients were head and neck car cinoma, 20 pati ents had got par tial r elief afte r 15 days medication with anti-fib rosis 1, nea rly all pa ti ents had got appa rent r elief afte r 1.5 month of medication. But, there was no apparent difference between 1.5 month and 3 months group. There were no apparent side effects after the herbal treatment. Conclusions: The traditional Chinese herbal protocol anti-fibrosis 1 is an effective and safe modality for radiation fibrosis. And the apparent effect occurred after 1.5 month of herbal medication.
基金supported by a project,Grant No.SR/S2HEP12/2007,funded by DST,India
文摘We investigate the transition of a radiatively inefficient phase of a viscous two temperature accreting flow to a cooling dominated phase and vice versa around black holes. Based on a global sub-Keplerian accretion disk model in steady state, including explicit cooling processes self-consistently, we show that general advective accretion flow passes through various phases during its infall towards a black hole. Bremsstrahlung, syn- chrotron and inverse Comptonization of soft photons are considered as possible cooling mechanisms. Hence the flow governs a much lower electron temperature ～10^8 - 10^9.5 K compared to the hot protons of temperature ～10^10.2 - 10^11.8 K in the range of the accretion rate in Eddington units 0.01≤M≤ 100. Therefore, the solutions may potentially explain the hard X-rays and the γ-rays emitted from AGNs and X-ray binaries. We finally compare the solutions for two different regimes of viscosity and conclude that a weakly viscous flow is expected to be cooling dominated compared to its highly viscous counterpart which is radiatively inefficient. The flow is successfully able to reproduce the observed luminosities of the under-fed AGNs and quasars （e.g. Sgr A＊）, ultra-luminous X-ray sources （e.g. SS433）, as well as the highly luminous AGNs and ultra-luminous quasars （e.g. PKS 0743-67） at different combinations of the mass accretion rate and ratio of specific heats.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 51522601 and 51421063） and the program for New Century Excellent Talents in University （Grant No. NCET- 13-0173）.
文摘This paper investigated radiation heat transfer and temperature distributions of solar thermochemical reactor for syngas production using the finite volume discrete ordinate method （fvDOM） and P1 approximation for radiation heat transfer. Different parameters including absorptivity, emissivity, reflection based radiation scatter- ing, and carrier gas flow inlet velocity that would greatly affect the reactor thermal performance were sufficiently investigated. The fvDOM approximation was used to obtain the radiation intensity distribution along the reactor. The drop in the temperature resulted from the radiation scattering was further investigated using the P1 approx- imation. The results indicated that the reactor temperature difference between the P1 approximation and the fvDOM radiation model was very close under different operating conditions. However, a big temperature difference which increased with an increase in the radiation emissivity due to the thermal non-equilibrium was observed in the radiation inlet region. It was found that the incident radiation flux distribution had a strong impact on the temperature distribution throughout the reactor. This paper revealed that the temperature drop caused by the boundary radiation heat loss should not be neglected for the thermal performance analysis of solar thermochemical reactor.
文摘This note presents results of a research for the effect of electromagnetic radia- tion to the growth of soybeans. The result has proved the fact that intensive and high energy electromagnetic radiation changes soybeans’ capacity to absorb trace ele-
文摘The study on the radiation damage of organism is one of important subjects in btoscience. To erplain the complex damage mechanism on a molecular level, it is reasonable approach to investigate first the simple molecule, e.g. amino acids. The damage of amino acids by high energy radia-
文摘The relative biological effect of the fast neutron is far greater than 1, thus a neutron bomb can kill the living beings through its strong neutron radiation. Theoretically, if the protium composition is substituted by deuterium, an organism could resist neutron radiationt. In this experiment, a brewe’s yeast (Saccharomyces carls-
