The concept of base isolation for storage racks is still a developing subject and has not been addressed in the recently updated seismic codes for storage racks.The friction pendulum bearing system(FPS)generates a nat...The concept of base isolation for storage racks is still a developing subject and has not been addressed in the recently updated seismic codes for storage racks.The friction pendulum bearing system(FPS)generates a natural period independent of the structure's seismic mass.This property makes FPS an ideal choice for isolating rack structures since merchandise may be placed on the racks in several possible arrangements.The results of a comprehensive parametric study aimed at evaluating the seismic performance of a four-shelf,two-bay selective pallet rack isolated with FPS is presented in this paper.The influence of radius of curvature of the FPS,seismic mass,and mass irregularity on the rack's seismic response is examined.The effect of variation of the coefficient of friction due to axial loading is studied by choosing friction values from two distinct friction characterization studies.The coefficient of friction calculated from these studies shows mild and significant variations,respectively,for the whole range of static axial loads expected on the isolator,and from different pallet mass arrangements considered.The optimum radius of curvature and the appropriate range of friction coefficient,for the defined range of static axial loads,to attain a desirable seismic performance are determined.展开更多
Turbulent flow through a trash rack of bars of rectangular and biconvex shapes is considered. A trash rack is composed of an array of bars fitted into a hydro-electric power station to prevent debris and fish to enter...Turbulent flow through a trash rack of bars of rectangular and biconvex shapes is considered. A trash rack is composed of an array of bars fitted into a hydro-electric power station to prevent debris and fish to enter the waterway towards the turbine. The work is directed towards modeling a large number of bars for which the flow turn out to have a periodic structure. It is here shown that this case can be simplified with the flow past a single bar together with periodic boundary conditions. Using this approach the head loss is derived for different angles of attack α and blockages P for two shapes of the rack, a rectangular bar and an aerodynamically shaped biconvex bar. It is found that overall loss of the biconvex bars is in general about 15% of the loss for the rectangular case for small angles of attack. For large angle of attack this difference diminishes. Of interest for the biconvex bars is also a local minimum in the head loss for angles approximately greater than 20°and for a blockage P around 0.35. This combination of parameters gives a low loss together with an efficient barrier for debris and fishes.展开更多
Large-module rack of the Three Gorges shiplift is manufactured by casting and machining, which is unable to avoid slag inclusions and surface cracks. To ensure its safety in the future service, studying on crack propa...Large-module rack of the Three Gorges shiplift is manufactured by casting and machining, which is unable to avoid slag inclusions and surface cracks. To ensure its safety in the future service, studying on crack propagation rule and the residual life estimation method of large-module rack is of great significance. The possible crack distribution forms of the rack in the Three Gorges shiplift were studied. By applying moving load on the model in FRANC3 D and ANSYS, quantitative analyses of interference effects on double cracks in both collinear and offset conditions were conducted. The variation rule of the stress intensity factor(SIF) influence factor, RK, of double collinear cracks changing with crack spacing ratio, RS, was researched. The horizontal and vertical crack spacing threshold of double cracks within the design life of the shiplift were obtained, which are 24 and 4 times as large as half of initial crack length, c0, respectively. The crack growth rates along the length and depth directions in the process of coalescence on double collinear cracks were also studied.展开更多
This short survey contains some recent developments of the algebraic theory of racks and quandles.We report on some elements of representation theory of quandles and ring theoretic approach to quandles.
目的:研究O-GlcNAcylation调节蛋白激酶C受体1(receptor for activated C kinase 1,Rack1)的稳定性在SHH型髓母细胞瘤(SHH type medulloblastoma,SHH-MB)形成中的功能作用。方法:选取中国人民解放军西部战区总医院临床肿瘤标本库中分子...目的:研究O-GlcNAcylation调节蛋白激酶C受体1(receptor for activated C kinase 1,Rack1)的稳定性在SHH型髓母细胞瘤(SHH type medulloblastoma,SHH-MB)形成中的功能作用。方法:选取中国人民解放军西部战区总医院临床肿瘤标本库中分子分型所确定的SHH-MB肿瘤及癌旁组织,分析样本中Rack1和O-GlcNAcylation(O-Glc NAc)的表达水平差异。对于人源髓母细胞瘤细胞系Daoy使用糖基化转移酶(OGT)抑制剂(OSMI-1)和去糖基化转移酶(OGA)抑制剂(TM-G)进行处理,通过Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)法和免疫荧光染色检测肿瘤细胞增殖能力。采用O-Glc NAc酶标记系统、免疫共沉淀(Co-IP)和Western blot法判断Rack1有无发生O-Glc NAc,而后通过环己酰亚胺(CHX)实验和泛素化修饰实验证实O-GlcNAcylation对Rack1蛋白水平的影响。构建敲低Rack1的髓母细胞瘤模型,通过Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)法、免疫荧光染色和划痕实验检测肿瘤细胞增殖能力。同时通过在免疫缺陷型小鼠进行异种原位肿瘤移植进行验证,在所得组织样本中(sh-NC和shRack1)使用Western blot检测下游SHH信号通路变化。结果:Rack1和O-GlcNAcylation在SHH-MB中表达水平显著增高,且Rack1表达水平和患者生存率呈负相关关系。对Daoy细胞系使用OSMI-1、TM-G处理后,发现O-Glc NAc能明显促进Daoy细胞增殖,而抑制细胞O-GlcNAc则抑制细胞增殖。分子实验证实Rack1蛋白O-GlcNAcylation可以调节其蛋白稳定性,进而促进肿瘤细胞增殖。在Daoy细胞系敲低Rack1表达,其细胞增殖能力明显低于对照组;在动物水平方面,相较于对照组,Rack1蛋白敲低的肿瘤组织增殖受到显著抑制。并且Rack1可通过调节SHH信号通路参与SHH-MB形成。结论:O-GlcNAcylation可通过调节Rack1蛋白的稳定性进而参与SHH-MB形成。展开更多
冠状病毒能够有效逃避宿主天然免疫应答,这是其感染过程中的显著特征。天然免疫信号通路的激活依赖多个启动抗病毒基因表达的转录因子进入细胞核,而这一过程需要宿主核质运输系统的协助,因此,该系统成为冠状病毒拮抗宿主免疫反应的关键...冠状病毒能够有效逃避宿主天然免疫应答,这是其感染过程中的显著特征。天然免疫信号通路的激活依赖多个启动抗病毒基因表达的转录因子进入细胞核,而这一过程需要宿主核质运输系统的协助,因此,该系统成为冠状病毒拮抗宿主免疫反应的关键靶点。近期,中国农业科学院上海兽医研究所廖瑛研究员团队在PLoS Pathogens上发表了题为“Coronavirus nucleocapsid protein enhances the binding of p-PKCαto RACK1:Implications for inhibition of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and suppression of the innate immune response”的研究论文。该研究以禽冠状病毒——传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)为模型,系统探讨了冠状病毒干扰宿主核质运输系统的保守机制。研究发现,IBV感染能够动态抑制多种转录因子入核,进而抑制关键抗病毒基因的转录。进一步研究表明,核孔复合体(NPC)的重要组成部分FG-Nups在感染过程中从核膜剥离并弥散至胞质。IBV的核衣壳蛋白(N蛋白)被鉴定为导致这一现象的关键病毒蛋白。研究揭示,N蛋白通过与支架蛋白RACK1相互作用,促使活化的蛋白激酶PKCα(p-PKCα)锚定至RACK1,并将RACK1-PKCα复合物重新定位至胞质。这一过程促进了PKCα介导的NUP62磷酸化及其解聚,从而阻碍抗病毒基因的表达并增强病毒复制能力。更重要的是,这一机制在多种冠状病毒的N蛋白中具有高度保守性。展开更多
Background With the increasing prominence of hand and finger motion tracking in virtual reality(VR)applications and rehabilitation studies,data gloves have emerged as a prevalent solution.In this study,we developed an...Background With the increasing prominence of hand and finger motion tracking in virtual reality(VR)applications and rehabilitation studies,data gloves have emerged as a prevalent solution.In this study,we developed an innovative,lightweight,and detachable data glove tailored for finger motion tracking in VR environments.Methods The glove design incorporates a potentiometer coupled with a flexible rack and pinion gear system,facilitating precise and natural hand gestures for interaction with VR applications.Initially,we calibrated the potentiometer to align with the actual finger bending angle,and verified the accuracy of angle measurements recorded by the data glove.To verify the precision and reliability of our data glove,we conducted repeatability testing for flexion(grip test)and extension(flat test),with 250 measurements each,across five users.We employed the Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility to analyze and interpret the repeatable data.Furthermore,we integrated the gloves into a SteamVR home environment using the OpenGlove auto-calibration tool.Conclusions The repeatability analysis revealed an aggregate error of 1.45 degrees in both the gripped and flat hand positions.This outcome was notably favorable when compared with the findings from assessments of nine alternative data gloves that employed similar protocols.In these experiments,users navigated and engaged with virtual objects,underlining the glove's exact tracking of finger motion.Furthermore,the proposed data glove exhibited a low response time of 17-34 ms and back-drive force of only 0.19 N.Additionally,according to a comfort evaluation using the Comfort Rating Scales,the proposed glove system is wearable,placing it at the WL1 level.展开更多
This paper investigates the use of explainable artificial intelligence(XAI)and trustworthy artificial intelligence(TAI)methods for condition monitoring on a laser cutting machine.The focus is on the analysis of the ra...This paper investigates the use of explainable artificial intelligence(XAI)and trustworthy artificial intelligence(TAI)methods for condition monitoring on a laser cutting machine.The focus is on the analysis of the rack and pinion contact with wear being predicted by four differently derived adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system(s)(ANFIS)models.Using both model-agnostic and model-specific parameters integrated in a weighted evaluation framework,the models are evaluated with respect to the effectiveness of explanations.This framework is based on the observation of the outputs of the individual layers of ANFIS,also focusing on aspects of two multivalued logics,namely fuzzy logic and support logic.The results show that the introduced weighted evaluation framework makes it possible to quantify the explainability of the individual models in terms of XAI and TAI.Finally,a preselection of a model for predicting the wear of the rack and pinion contact can be made.展开更多
LOKIBASE is a non-linear isolator/dissipator device to protect pallet racking systems against the earthquake.LOKIBASE consists of the following main components:(1)two slider devices on which a rubber membrane is set u...LOKIBASE is a non-linear isolator/dissipator device to protect pallet racking systems against the earthquake.LOKIBASE consists of the following main components:(1)two slider devices on which a rubber membrane is set up(LOKI devices).LOKI devices are linear displacement dependent ones;(2)a cylindrical beam damper(“CANDLE”device).The“CANDLE”device is a non-linear displacement dependent one;(3)two anti-lifting devices(“UP-LIFT”devices);(4)a fuse plug(see www.lokibasedevice.com).The main work which is the purpose of the paper,is the optimization of the behavior of an isolator/dissipator device to mitigate the seismic action on special structures,where the stiffness values are very different in the main cross-aisle and down-aisle directions.Under seismic action,in these structures it is very important to reduce the value of the forces at the Limit state for the safeguard of human life(SLV)in the down-aisle direction as much as possible and simultaneously to use the highest damping value allowed by the building rules to reduce the LOKIBASE displacement at the Limit state for collapse prevention(SLC)in the cross-aisle direction.The goal was achieved through a cylindrical device made of stainless steel(AISI304)with an optimized shape,under large displacement during seismic action.展开更多
Rack-level loop thermosyphons have been widely adopted as a solution to data centers’growing energy demands.While numerous studies have highlighted the heat transfer performance and energy-saving benefits of this sys...Rack-level loop thermosyphons have been widely adopted as a solution to data centers’growing energy demands.While numerous studies have highlighted the heat transfer performance and energy-saving benefits of this system,its economic feasibility,water usage effectiveness(WUE),and carbon usage effectiveness(CUE)remain underexplored.This study introduces a comprehensive evaluation index designed to assess the applicability of the rack-level loop thermosyphon system across various computing hub nodes.The air wet bulb temperature Ta,w was identified as the most significant factor influencing the variability in the combination of PUE,CUE,and WUE values.The results indicate that the rack-level loop thermosyphon system achieves the highest score in Lanzhou(94.485)and the lowest in Beijing(89.261)based on the comprehensive evaluation index.The overall ranking of cities according to the comprehensive evaluation score is as follows:Gansu hub(Lanzhou)>Inner Mongolia hub(Hohhot)>Ningxia hub(Yinchuan)>Yangtze River Delta hub(Shanghai)>Chengdu Chongqing hub(Chongqing)>Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area hub(Guangzhou)>Guizhou hub(Guiyang)>Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei hub(Beijing).Furthermore,Hohhot,Lanzhou,and Yinchuan consistently rank among the top three cities for comprehensive scores across all load rates,while Guiyang(at a 25%load rate),Guangzhou(at a 50%load rate),and Beijing(at 75%and 100%load rates)exhibited the lowest comprehensive scores.展开更多
Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are two-(2D)or threedimensional(3D)crystalline,porous networks generated by reversible polymerization of organic building blocks[1,2].The structures and functionalities of COFs are pre...Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are two-(2D)or threedimensional(3D)crystalline,porous networks generated by reversible polymerization of organic building blocks[1,2].The structures and functionalities of COFs are precisely controlled via appropriately selected organic building blocks.This design imparts unique properties to COFs,including exceptional structural stability,tunable pore structure,and surface chemical activity,making them promising for gas separation,catalysis,optoelectronics,and sensing applications.Since Yaghi et al.'s seminal report on COFs in 2005[2],these frameworks have swiftly emerged as a hotspot in the field of materials.Originally,the focus was on fabricating rigid frameworks with static structures and optoelectronic properties.However,the inherently static nature of these frameworks hinders their responsiveness to external stimuli,potentially constraining their functionality in specific applications.Hence,an increasing number of researchers are now directing their attention toward the development of dynamic COFs capable of modifying their structures in response to external stimuli[3].Specifically,dynamic 2D COFs exhibiting enhanced structural responsiveness are of particular interest due to their capability to integrate switchable geometries and porosities with semiconductor building blocks,as well as electron conjugation across COF layers and π-stacked columns,which may enable stimuli-responsive electronic and spin properties[4].展开更多
文摘The concept of base isolation for storage racks is still a developing subject and has not been addressed in the recently updated seismic codes for storage racks.The friction pendulum bearing system(FPS)generates a natural period independent of the structure's seismic mass.This property makes FPS an ideal choice for isolating rack structures since merchandise may be placed on the racks in several possible arrangements.The results of a comprehensive parametric study aimed at evaluating the seismic performance of a four-shelf,two-bay selective pallet rack isolated with FPS is presented in this paper.The influence of radius of curvature of the FPS,seismic mass,and mass irregularity on the rack's seismic response is examined.The effect of variation of the coefficient of friction due to axial loading is studied by choosing friction values from two distinct friction characterization studies.The coefficient of friction calculated from these studies shows mild and significant variations,respectively,for the whole range of static axial loads expected on the isolator,and from different pallet mass arrangements considered.The optimum radius of curvature and the appropriate range of friction coefficient,for the defined range of static axial loads,to attain a desirable seismic performance are determined.
基金The Swedish Agency of Energy and Stand Up for Energy
文摘Turbulent flow through a trash rack of bars of rectangular and biconvex shapes is considered. A trash rack is composed of an array of bars fitted into a hydro-electric power station to prevent debris and fish to enter the waterway towards the turbine. The work is directed towards modeling a large number of bars for which the flow turn out to have a periodic structure. It is here shown that this case can be simplified with the flow past a single bar together with periodic boundary conditions. Using this approach the head loss is derived for different angles of attack α and blockages P for two shapes of the rack, a rectangular bar and an aerodynamically shaped biconvex bar. It is found that overall loss of the biconvex bars is in general about 15% of the loss for the rectangular case for small angles of attack. For large angle of attack this difference diminishes. Of interest for the biconvex bars is also a local minimum in the head loss for angles approximately greater than 20°and for a blockage P around 0.35. This combination of parameters gives a low loss together with an efficient barrier for debris and fishes.
基金Project(0722018)supported by the China Three Gorges CorporationProject(2012KJX01)supported by the Hubei Key Laboratory of Hydroelectric Machinery Design&Maintenance,China
文摘Large-module rack of the Three Gorges shiplift is manufactured by casting and machining, which is unable to avoid slag inclusions and surface cracks. To ensure its safety in the future service, studying on crack propagation rule and the residual life estimation method of large-module rack is of great significance. The possible crack distribution forms of the rack in the Three Gorges shiplift were studied. By applying moving load on the model in FRANC3 D and ANSYS, quantitative analyses of interference effects on double cracks in both collinear and offset conditions were conducted. The variation rule of the stress intensity factor(SIF) influence factor, RK, of double collinear cracks changing with crack spacing ratio, RS, was researched. The horizontal and vertical crack spacing threshold of double cracks within the design life of the shiplift were obtained, which are 24 and 4 times as large as half of initial crack length, c0, respectively. The crack growth rates along the length and depth directions in the process of coalescence on double collinear cracks were also studied.
文摘This short survey contains some recent developments of the algebraic theory of racks and quandles.We report on some elements of representation theory of quandles and ring theoretic approach to quandles.
文摘冠状病毒能够有效逃避宿主天然免疫应答,这是其感染过程中的显著特征。天然免疫信号通路的激活依赖多个启动抗病毒基因表达的转录因子进入细胞核,而这一过程需要宿主核质运输系统的协助,因此,该系统成为冠状病毒拮抗宿主免疫反应的关键靶点。近期,中国农业科学院上海兽医研究所廖瑛研究员团队在PLoS Pathogens上发表了题为“Coronavirus nucleocapsid protein enhances the binding of p-PKCαto RACK1:Implications for inhibition of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and suppression of the innate immune response”的研究论文。该研究以禽冠状病毒——传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)为模型,系统探讨了冠状病毒干扰宿主核质运输系统的保守机制。研究发现,IBV感染能够动态抑制多种转录因子入核,进而抑制关键抗病毒基因的转录。进一步研究表明,核孔复合体(NPC)的重要组成部分FG-Nups在感染过程中从核膜剥离并弥散至胞质。IBV的核衣壳蛋白(N蛋白)被鉴定为导致这一现象的关键病毒蛋白。研究揭示,N蛋白通过与支架蛋白RACK1相互作用,促使活化的蛋白激酶PKCα(p-PKCα)锚定至RACK1,并将RACK1-PKCα复合物重新定位至胞质。这一过程促进了PKCα介导的NUP62磷酸化及其解聚,从而阻碍抗病毒基因的表达并增强病毒复制能力。更重要的是,这一机制在多种冠状病毒的N蛋白中具有高度保守性。
基金Supported by the Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology,Thammasat University,EFS-G(Excellent foreign Student-Graduate)research fund.
文摘Background With the increasing prominence of hand and finger motion tracking in virtual reality(VR)applications and rehabilitation studies,data gloves have emerged as a prevalent solution.In this study,we developed an innovative,lightweight,and detachable data glove tailored for finger motion tracking in VR environments.Methods The glove design incorporates a potentiometer coupled with a flexible rack and pinion gear system,facilitating precise and natural hand gestures for interaction with VR applications.Initially,we calibrated the potentiometer to align with the actual finger bending angle,and verified the accuracy of angle measurements recorded by the data glove.To verify the precision and reliability of our data glove,we conducted repeatability testing for flexion(grip test)and extension(flat test),with 250 measurements each,across five users.We employed the Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility to analyze and interpret the repeatable data.Furthermore,we integrated the gloves into a SteamVR home environment using the OpenGlove auto-calibration tool.Conclusions The repeatability analysis revealed an aggregate error of 1.45 degrees in both the gripped and flat hand positions.This outcome was notably favorable when compared with the findings from assessments of nine alternative data gloves that employed similar protocols.In these experiments,users navigated and engaged with virtual objects,underlining the glove's exact tracking of finger motion.Furthermore,the proposed data glove exhibited a low response time of 17-34 ms and back-drive force of only 0.19 N.Additionally,according to a comfort evaluation using the Comfort Rating Scales,the proposed glove system is wearable,placing it at the WL1 level.
基金This project(ProKInect N°02P20A090)was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF)within the“The Future of Value Creation-Research on Production,Services and Work”program and managed by the Project Management Agency Karlsruhe(PTKA).The support is greatly acknowledged.
文摘This paper investigates the use of explainable artificial intelligence(XAI)and trustworthy artificial intelligence(TAI)methods for condition monitoring on a laser cutting machine.The focus is on the analysis of the rack and pinion contact with wear being predicted by four differently derived adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system(s)(ANFIS)models.Using both model-agnostic and model-specific parameters integrated in a weighted evaluation framework,the models are evaluated with respect to the effectiveness of explanations.This framework is based on the observation of the outputs of the individual layers of ANFIS,also focusing on aspects of two multivalued logics,namely fuzzy logic and support logic.The results show that the introduced weighted evaluation framework makes it possible to quantify the explainability of the individual models in terms of XAI and TAI.Finally,a preselection of a model for predicting the wear of the rack and pinion contact can be made.
文摘LOKIBASE is a non-linear isolator/dissipator device to protect pallet racking systems against the earthquake.LOKIBASE consists of the following main components:(1)two slider devices on which a rubber membrane is set up(LOKI devices).LOKI devices are linear displacement dependent ones;(2)a cylindrical beam damper(“CANDLE”device).The“CANDLE”device is a non-linear displacement dependent one;(3)two anti-lifting devices(“UP-LIFT”devices);(4)a fuse plug(see www.lokibasedevice.com).The main work which is the purpose of the paper,is the optimization of the behavior of an isolator/dissipator device to mitigate the seismic action on special structures,where the stiffness values are very different in the main cross-aisle and down-aisle directions.Under seismic action,in these structures it is very important to reduce the value of the forces at the Limit state for the safeguard of human life(SLV)in the down-aisle direction as much as possible and simultaneously to use the highest damping value allowed by the building rules to reduce the LOKIBASE displacement at the Limit state for collapse prevention(SLC)in the cross-aisle direction.The goal was achieved through a cylindrical device made of stainless steel(AISI304)with an optimized shape,under large displacement during seismic action.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(Grant Nos.2023JJ50178 and 2023JJ50194)the Excellent Youth Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education(Grant No.23B0542).
文摘Rack-level loop thermosyphons have been widely adopted as a solution to data centers’growing energy demands.While numerous studies have highlighted the heat transfer performance and energy-saving benefits of this system,its economic feasibility,water usage effectiveness(WUE),and carbon usage effectiveness(CUE)remain underexplored.This study introduces a comprehensive evaluation index designed to assess the applicability of the rack-level loop thermosyphon system across various computing hub nodes.The air wet bulb temperature Ta,w was identified as the most significant factor influencing the variability in the combination of PUE,CUE,and WUE values.The results indicate that the rack-level loop thermosyphon system achieves the highest score in Lanzhou(94.485)and the lowest in Beijing(89.261)based on the comprehensive evaluation index.The overall ranking of cities according to the comprehensive evaluation score is as follows:Gansu hub(Lanzhou)>Inner Mongolia hub(Hohhot)>Ningxia hub(Yinchuan)>Yangtze River Delta hub(Shanghai)>Chengdu Chongqing hub(Chongqing)>Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area hub(Guangzhou)>Guizhou hub(Guiyang)>Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei hub(Beijing).Furthermore,Hohhot,Lanzhou,and Yinchuan consistently rank among the top three cities for comprehensive scores across all load rates,while Guiyang(at a 25%load rate),Guangzhou(at a 50%load rate),and Beijing(at 75%and 100%load rates)exhibited the lowest comprehensive scores.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51902121 and 22372067)。
文摘Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are two-(2D)or threedimensional(3D)crystalline,porous networks generated by reversible polymerization of organic building blocks[1,2].The structures and functionalities of COFs are precisely controlled via appropriately selected organic building blocks.This design imparts unique properties to COFs,including exceptional structural stability,tunable pore structure,and surface chemical activity,making them promising for gas separation,catalysis,optoelectronics,and sensing applications.Since Yaghi et al.'s seminal report on COFs in 2005[2],these frameworks have swiftly emerged as a hotspot in the field of materials.Originally,the focus was on fabricating rigid frameworks with static structures and optoelectronic properties.However,the inherently static nature of these frameworks hinders their responsiveness to external stimuli,potentially constraining their functionality in specific applications.Hence,an increasing number of researchers are now directing their attention toward the development of dynamic COFs capable of modifying their structures in response to external stimuli[3].Specifically,dynamic 2D COFs exhibiting enhanced structural responsiveness are of particular interest due to their capability to integrate switchable geometries and porosities with semiconductor building blocks,as well as electron conjugation across COF layers and π-stacked columns,which may enable stimuli-responsive electronic and spin properties[4].
