Detecting cyber attacks in networks connected to the Internet of Things(IoT)is of utmost importance because of the growing vulnerabilities in the smart environment.Conventional models,such as Naive Bayes and support v...Detecting cyber attacks in networks connected to the Internet of Things(IoT)is of utmost importance because of the growing vulnerabilities in the smart environment.Conventional models,such as Naive Bayes and support vector machine(SVM),as well as ensemble methods,such as Gradient Boosting and eXtreme gradient boosting(XGBoost),are often plagued by high computational costs,which makes it challenging for them to perform real-time detection.In this regard,we suggested an attack detection approach that integrates Visual Geometry Group 16(VGG16),Artificial Rabbits Optimizer(ARO),and Random Forest Model to increase detection accuracy and operational efficiency in Internet of Things(IoT)networks.In the suggested model,the extraction of features from malware pictures was accomplished with the help of VGG16.The prediction process is carried out by the random forest model using the extracted features from the VGG16.Additionally,ARO is used to improve the hyper-parameters of the random forest model of the random forest.With an accuracy of 96.36%,the suggested model outperforms the standard models in terms of accuracy,F1-score,precision,and recall.The comparative research highlights our strategy’s success,which improves performance while maintaining a lower computational cost.This method is ideal for real-time applications,but it is effective.展开更多
Background:The absence of well-established immunosuppressed rabbit models poses a significant hurdle in xenograft experiments.Tacrolimus has been identified as a highly promising immunosuppressive agent for rabbits.Ho...Background:The absence of well-established immunosuppressed rabbit models poses a significant hurdle in xenograft experiments.Tacrolimus has been identified as a highly promising immunosuppressive agent for rabbits.However,determining the optimal dosage and route of administration to minimize toxicity while maintaining efficacy remains challenging.Methods:In this study,we investigated the effect of orally administered tacrolimus in rabbits,with an aim to achieve a whole blood target trough level of 3-10 ng/m L,and looked at signs of tissue rejection after the transplantation of a human nerve conduit to repair a severed fibular nerve.An oral dosage range of 0.25-1.5 mg/kg/d was studied for up to 1 year in 63 New Zealand rabbits.Results:We demonstrated the feasibility of long-term grafting in rabbits while maintaining safe immunosuppression,with side effects mainly limited to diarrhea.Customizing the administered dose proved crucial for graft efficacy and low toxicity,which translated into 100%individual survival.We suggest an oral tacrolimus dose of 1.0-1.5 mg/kg depending on individual heterogeneity and recommend to implement a close therapeutic drug monitoring in the rabbits to maintain a whole blood tacrolimus trough level within the range of 5-12 ng/m L,as levels below 5 ng/m L showed signs of inflammation in the graft.Conclusion:The oral administration of tacrolimus enabled efficient immunosuppression of rabbits over a 1-year period without significant side effects or loss of animals.展开更多
Chronic pancreatitis(CP)is a progressive and irreversible fibroinflammatory disease that markedly increases susceptibility to pancreatic cancer and remains without effective targeted therapies.Among the genetic contri...Chronic pancreatitis(CP)is a progressive and irreversible fibroinflammatory disease that markedly increases susceptibility to pancreatic cancer and remains without effective targeted therapies.Among the genetic contributors to CP,the carboxypeptidase A1 p.Ser282Pro(CPA1^(S282P))variant has been proposed to promote disease through misfolding-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS),although the broader pathogenic landscape remains incompletely defined.This study generated a rabbit model mimicking the human CPA1S282P mutation using the SpRY-ABE-8.17 system.Homozygous CPA1^(S282P)rabbits exhibited characteristic human CP phenotypes following alcohol induction,including visceral pain,elevated serum lipase and amylase,inflammatory cell infiltration,and extensive pancreatic fibrosis.Biochemical analyses confirmed that the p.S282P mutation induced CPA1 misfolding and elevated the expression of ERS markers GRP78 and CHOP in both transfected HEK293T cells and homozygous mutant rabbits.Notably,the CPA1^(S282P)mutation markedly disrupted intra-pancreatic lipid homeostasis,contributing to the development of CP in mutant rabbits.This study successfully established the first rabbit model of CP that accurately recapitulates CP caused by a defined human point mutation.Additionally,this study provides insights into a previously unrecognized link between CPA1 and intra-pancreatic lipid metabolism,offering a foundation for identifying novel therapeutic targets for human CP.展开更多
Glaucoma,a visual thief,is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure(IOP)and the loss of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs).Selecting suitable animals for preclinical models is of great significance in research on the ...Glaucoma,a visual thief,is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure(IOP)and the loss of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs).Selecting suitable animals for preclinical models is of great significance in research on the prevention,early screening,and effective treatments of glaucoma.Rabbit eyeballs possess similar vascularity and aqueous humor outflow pathways to those of humans.Thus,they are among the earliest in vivo models used in glaucoma research.Over the years,rabbit models have made substantial contributions to understanding glaucomatous pathophysiology,surgical adaptations,biomedical device development,and drug development for reducing IOP,protecting RGCs,and inhibiting fibrosis.Compared to other animals,rabbits fit better with surgical operations and cost less.This review summarizes the merits and demerits of different ways to produce glaucomatous rabbit models,such as intracameral injection,vortex vein obstruction,Trendelenburg position,laser photo-coagulation,glucocorticoid induction,limbal buckling induction,retinal ischemia–reperfusion models,and spontaneous models.We analyzed their mechanisms in the hope of providing more references for experimental design and promoting the understanding of glaucoma treatment strategies.展开更多
Background The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of different levels of betaine(Bet)inclusion in the diet on the intestinal health of growing rabbits under summer heat.A total of 100 weaned Qixing m...Background The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of different levels of betaine(Bet)inclusion in the diet on the intestinal health of growing rabbits under summer heat.A total of 100 weaned Qixing meat rabbits aged 35 d with body weight of 748.61±38.59 g were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups:control group(basal diet)and Bet groups(basal diet+0.75,1.0,1.5 or 2.0 g/kg Bet).The average daily temperature in the rabbitry during the experiment was 30.48°C and the relative humidity was 69.44%.Results Dietary addition of Bet had no significant effect on growth performance and health status of growing rabbits(P>0.05),but it increased ileal secretory immunoglobulin A content compared to the control under summer heat(P<0.05).Addition of 0.75 g/kg Bet up-regulated jejunal IL-4,down-regulated ileal TNF-αexpression(P<0.05).The addition of 1.0 g/kg Bet increased the villi height(VH)in the jejunum(P<0.05).Serum glucose levels were reduced,and the expression of SLC6A20 was up-regulated in jejunum and ileum of rabbits fed with 1.5 g/kg Bet(P<0.05).When added at 2.0 g/kg,Bet reduced serum HSP70 content,increased jejunal VH,and up-regulated duodenal SLC7A6,SLC38A2,mTOR and 4EBP-2 expression(P<0.05).Correlation analysis revealed that intestinal mTOR expression was significantly and positively correlated with SLC7A6,SLC38A2,SLC36A1 and IL-4 expression(P<0.05).Conclusions Dietary addition of Bet can up-regulate the expression of anti-inflammatory factors through the AAT/mTOR pathway,improve the intestinal immune function,alleviate intestinal damage in growing rabbits caused by summer heat,and improve intestinal health.展开更多
Animal models are extensively used in all aspects of biomedical research,with substantial contributions to our understanding of diseases,the development of pharmaceuticals,and the exploration of gene functions.The fie...Animal models are extensively used in all aspects of biomedical research,with substantial contributions to our understanding of diseases,the development of pharmaceuticals,and the exploration of gene functions.The field of genome modification in rabbits has progressed slowly.However,recent advancements,particularly in CRISPR/Cas9-related technologies,have catalyzed the successful development of various genome-edited rabbit models to mimic diverse diseases,including cardiovascular disorders,immunodeficiencies,agingrelated ailments,neurological diseases,and ophthalmic pathologies.These models hold great promise in advancing biomedical research due to their closer physiological and biochemical resemblance to humans compared to mice.This review aims to summarize the novel gene-editing approaches currently available for rabbits and present the applications and prospects of such models in biomedicine,underscoring their impact and future potential in translational medicine.展开更多
Artificial rabbits optimization(ARO)is a recently proposed biology-based optimization algorithm inspired by the detour foraging and random hiding behavior of rabbits in nature.However,for solving optimization problems...Artificial rabbits optimization(ARO)is a recently proposed biology-based optimization algorithm inspired by the detour foraging and random hiding behavior of rabbits in nature.However,for solving optimization problems,the ARO algorithm shows slow convergence speed and can fall into local minima.To overcome these drawbacks,this paper proposes chaotic opposition-based learning ARO(COARO),an improved version of the ARO algorithm that incorporates opposition-based learning(OBL)and chaotic local search(CLS)techniques.By adding OBL to ARO,the convergence speed of the algorithm increases and it explores the search space better.Chaotic maps in CLS provide rapid convergence by scanning the search space efficiently,since their ergodicity and non-repetitive properties.The proposed COARO algorithm has been tested using thirty-three distinct benchmark functions.The outcomes have been compared with the most recent optimization algorithms.Additionally,the COARO algorithm’s problem-solving capabilities have been evaluated using six different engineering design problems and compared with various other algorithms.This study also introduces a binary variant of the continuous COARO algorithm,named BCOARO.The performance of BCOARO was evaluated on the breast cancer dataset.The effectiveness of BCOARO has been compared with different feature selection algorithms.The proposed BCOARO outperforms alternative algorithms,according to the findings obtained for real applications in terms of accuracy performance,and fitness value.Extensive experiments show that the COARO and BCOARO algorithms achieve promising results compared to other metaheuristic algorithms.展开更多
A study conducted on burgundy rabbits evaluated the effects of rations containing mango (Mangifera indica), avocado (Persea americana) and guava (Psidium guajava) powder. For this purpose, 36 rabbits (20 males and 16 ...A study conducted on burgundy rabbits evaluated the effects of rations containing mango (Mangifera indica), avocado (Persea americana) and guava (Psidium guajava) powder. For this purpose, 36 rabbits (20 males and 16 females) aged 60 to 70 days with an average weight of 1012 ± 133 g were divided randomly into 4 equal groups (T0, T1, T2 and T3) of 9 animals each according to body weight (bw). The rabbits were divided throughout the trial, the animals were fed, those of group T0 (control) with a standard feed without any type of leaf powder, while those of groups 1, 2 and 3 received the standard feed supplemented with Mangifera indica, Persea americana and Psidium guajava leaves powder at the rate of 0.5% respectively. After two months of treatment, the animals were fasted for 12 hours (20 h - 8 h) and sacrificed to evaluate carcass and digestive organ weights. The results revealed that the values of feed intake, live weight and weight gain were non-significantly (p > 0.05) increased in all animals regardless of the ration in reference to the control. The different leaves powder induced an increase in carcass yield in rabbits but this increase was only significant (p M. indica leaf powder (51.03 ± 0.24) as compared to the control (48.63 ± 0.74). Gut length was significantly increased in animals fed rations containing Psidium guajava and Persea americana leaves powder compared to the control. A significant increase in gut weight was observed in animals fed the Persea americana leaf supplemented ration. In general, mango leaf powder performed better than other types of powders.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters and bioavailability of the solid dispersion formulation of diclazuril after oral administration in rabbits in comparison with its known premix f...The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters and bioavailability of the solid dispersion formulation of diclazuril after oral administration in rabbits in comparison with its known premix form with feed additive.Plasma concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）.The areas under the plasma concentration curves（AUC0-∞） of diclazuril in solid dispersion and premix were 247.8±18.1μg/h/mL and 145.4±12.6μg/h/mL,respectively. The Cmax of diclazuril in solid dispersion and premix were 33.72±4.75 μg/mL and 10.42±3.4μg/mL, respectively, The t1/2 were 9.53±1.37 and 9.23±1.20 min, respectively. The oral bioavailability of drug solid dispersion was 1.7-fold higher than that of premix. From these data we concluded that diclazuril solid dispersion may be used as a potential anticoccidial preparation.展开更多
[Objective] The paper presents the pharmacokinetics of Junmie in healthy rabbits and thus provides a basis for its rational application. [ Method] HPLC method was developed to detect the concentration of Junmie with b...[Objective] The paper presents the pharmacokinetics of Junmie in healthy rabbits and thus provides a basis for its rational application. [ Method] HPLC method was developed to detect the concentration of Junmie with benzoyl ciprofloxacin as internal standard. After the healthy rab bits was respectively injected Junmie intravenously and intramuscularly, plasma concentration after injection was detected with the established HPLC method so as to determine the best pharmacokinetic model. [Result] The conditions of HPLC were as follows： mobile phase was 100 ml 60% （V/V） methanol solution （pH 3.0） ; flow rate was 1.0 mVmin; column temperature was （25.0 ±0.5） ℃; detection wavelength was 278 nm. The concentration time data of the plasma, collected from intravenously and intramuscularly injected rabbits, was separately in line with the two com partments and one compartment open model with the first order absorption. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of the plasma sample （ i. v. ） were as below： T1/2= = 0.07 h, T1/2 = 0.82 h, AUC = 3.51 mg/（L . h）, CLB = 4.57 L/（kg . h） ; the plasma sample （i. m. ） ： T1/2 = 0.33 h, T1/2k = 0.33 h, Tp = 0.6 h, Cmax = 2.55 μg/ml, AUC = 4.87 mg/（L . h）. The bioavailability was approximately 110%. [Conclusion] After intra muscular administration, Junmie is absorbed and eliminated quickly with high bioavallability and extensive distribution.展开更多
[ Objective] This experiment was conducted to study methionine level in diet for prepnant famale rabbits on the development of hair follicles of baby rabbits. [ Method] Fifty-four Angora female rabbits with similar bo...[ Objective] This experiment was conducted to study methionine level in diet for prepnant famale rabbits on the development of hair follicles of baby rabbits. [ Method] Fifty-four Angora female rabbits with similar body weight, parities and historicaly hair yield were randomly assigned to three groups with eighteen replicates in each group and one rabbit per replicate. Rabbits during pregnancy were fed diets with 0.5!%, 0.71% and 0.91% methionine, respectively. Hair follicle density and diameter in the back skin were determined at 18-day fetus. 26-day fetus, newborn and 2- month-old,and hair fiber diameter at 2-month-old was also determined. [ Result] The results showed as follows： （1） hair follicle density and diameter at each stage,coarse hair fiber diameter at 2-month. old showed a tendency of increasing with dietary methionine level（ P 〉0.05）, fine hair diameter in 0.91% group was significantly larger than that in 0.51% group at 2-month-old （ P 〈 0.05）. （2） With the development of baby rabbit,the ratio of secondary follicle and primary follicle increased gradually, at newborn of rabbits in group 0.51%, 0.71% and 0.91%were 5.84, 5.56 and 5.81, respectively, and at 2-month-old were 8.47, 7.97 and 8.03, respectively. （3） Baby rabbits in group 0.51%, 0.71% and 0.91% gained increases of primary follicle diameter by 0.58, 0.57 and 0.61pm/d from 26-day fetus to birth, and 0.11,0.11 and 0.12 prn/d from birth to 2-month-old, re- spectively; they also gained increases on secondary follicle diameter by 0.0018,0. 012 and 0. 011prn/d from birth to 2-months-old, respectively. [ Conclusion] These results indicate that increase of methionine level in diet for female rabbits during pregnancy is a stimulation factor for the development of hair follicle of baby rabbits, and can improve their hair fiber diameter.展开更多
In the present study,the effects of postnatal development on the number and distribution of skeletal muscle fibers of different types in hind leg of rat and rabbit were studied.The soleus muscles of rats aged 2 days,2...In the present study,the effects of postnatal development on the number and distribution of skeletal muscle fibers of different types in hind leg of rat and rabbit were studied.The soleus muscles of rats aged 2 days,2,4,6,8,and 10 weeks (body weight 10,32,95,190,280,and 320 g),and rabbits aged 2 days,2,4,8,12,16,20,and 24 weeks (body weight 100,220,400,750,1 200,1 600,2 100,and 2 500 g) were stained with succinic dehydrogenase.With an image analysis system,the X-Y coordinates of fibers were used to analyze the growth-related changes.The results of present study showed that three types of fibers were found in the soleus muscles of rat and rabbit,i.e.,type Ⅰ (slow oxidative),ⅡX (fast oxidative),and ⅡA (fast oxidative glycolytic).The type Ⅰ fibers were present throughout the muscle that had a uniform distribution and tended to increase in number with aging.Type ⅡX fibers were scattered throughout the muscle and decreased markedly in number with aging.Type ⅡA fibers were located at the central and deep regions,and showed a little or no change in number and distribution with aging.While be of age,type ⅡA and ⅡX fibers became restricted to the superficial region.No type ⅡB fibers were detected.Type ⅡA fibers had the largest diameter,type Ⅰ intermediate and type ⅡX the smallest.Mean cross-sectional area of each type fibers of rabbits was larger than that of rats.The present results indicate that the number and distribution of muscle fibers of different types in hind limb of rat and rabbit change with the process of postnatal growth.展开更多
AIM:To assess the role of oxygen-derived free radicals and cytokines in the pathogenesis of taurocholic acid-induced acute pancreatitis,and to evaluate the preventive effects of octreotide towards the development of a...AIM:To assess the role of oxygen-derived free radicals and cytokines in the pathogenesis of taurocholic acid-induced acute pancreatitis,and to evaluate the preventive effects of octreotide towards the development of acute pancreatitis. METHODS:Acute pancreatitis was induced in male New Zealand white rabbits by retrograde injection of 0.8 mL/kg·b.m,of 50 g/L sodium taurocholate (NaTC) in the pancreatic duct.Sham- operated animals served as control.Octreotide i mg/kg·b.m. was administered subcutaneously before the induction of pancreatitis.Blood was taken from the jugular vein before and at 1,3,6,12 and 24 h after pancreatitis induction. Serum activities of amylase,IL-6 and TNF-α and levels of malonyl dialdehyde (MDA),glutathione (GSH),glutathione peroxidase (GPx),catalase and superoxide dismutase (Mn-, Cu-,and Zn-SOD) in pancreatic tissue were measured. RESULTS:Serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels increased significantly 3 h after the onset of pancreatitis,and then returned to control level.The tissue concentration of MDA was significantly elevated at 24 h,while the GSH level and GP-x,catalase,Mn-SOD,Cu-,Zn-SOD activities were all significantly decreased in animals with pancreatitis as compared to the control.Octreotide pretreatmnent significantly reversed the changes in cytokines and reactive oxygen metabolites.Octreotide treatment did not alter the serum amylase activity and did not have any beneficial effects on the development of histopathological changes. CONCLUSION:Oxygen-derived free radicals and proinflammatory cytokines are generated at an early stage of NaTc-induced acute pancreatitis in rabbits.Prophylactic octreotide treatment can prevent release of cytokines and generation of reactive oxygen metabolites,but does not have any beneficial effects on the development of necrotizing pancreatitis.展开更多
Aim： To determine whether vasectomy away from the epididymal tail （via the inguinal canal） in rabbits can reduce the early postoperative effects on spermatogenesis. Methods： Twenty-nine normal male Japanese white ...Aim： To determine whether vasectomy away from the epididymal tail （via the inguinal canal） in rabbits can reduce the early postoperative effects on spermatogenesis. Methods： Twenty-nine normal male Japanese white rabbits （aged 4- 6 months） were subjected to unilateral close-ended （conventional） or open-ended （the cut end of the juxta-epididymal vas deferens not ligated） vasectomy via the inguinal canal. Ten days and 3 months after operation, testes, epididymides and vasa deferentia were removed and methacrylate resin-embedded sections prepared. The histology of the testis, epididymis and vas deferens was examined under light microscope, and the volume and diameter of the seminiferous tubules were quantitatively studied using stereological methods. Results： Neither of the methods of vasectomy led to apparent damage to spermatogenesis on the vasectomized side in comparison with the contralateral shamoperated side, but the juxta-epididymal vas deferens on the vasectomized side was highly distended and contained numerous sperm 3 months after operation. Conclusion： Vasectomy away from the cauda epididymis has no significant early postoperative effects on spermatogenesis in rabbits.展开更多
INTRODUCTIONPlasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI-I ), an approximately Mr 50000 glycoprotein, is the major physiological inhibitor of plasminogen activators. It is not only the priming factor for atheroscleros...INTRODUCTIONPlasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI-I ), an approximately Mr 50000 glycoprotein, is the major physiological inhibitor of plasminogen activators. It is not only the priming factor for atherosclerosis and coronary thrombosis[1-3] , but also participates in the genesis of chronic hepatitis and liver fibrosis[4-11] . However, there has been no available report yet about the research of hepatic PAl-1 gene expression in hyperlipidemia and fatty liver. The present study aimed to explore the change of hepatic PAl-1 mRNA and its plasma activity by means of animal model.展开更多
The changes of blood perfusion of contralateral testis after unilateral testicular torsion remain controversial.In this study,28 New Zealand white male rabbits were randomly divided into five groups.Group A(n=8),the c...The changes of blood perfusion of contralateral testis after unilateral testicular torsion remain controversial.In this study,28 New Zealand white male rabbits were randomly divided into five groups.Group A(n=8),the control group,underwent a sham operation on the unilateral testis without inducing testicular torsion.In groups B,C,and D(n=5 each),unilateral testicular torsion was induced,and,after 3,6 or 24 h,respectively,detorsion was performed.In group E(n=5),permanent unilateral testicular torsion was applied.Contrast-enhanced ultrasound was used to observe the blood perfusion of the contralateral testis at the following stages:pre-torsion(preopration),immediately post-torsion(postopration),pre-detorsion,immediately post-detorsion,and late-stage post-detorsion(6-12 h post-detorsion in groups B-D)or at a similar time point(15-21 h post-torsion in group E).Time-intensity curves were generated,and the following parameters were derived and analyzed:arrival time,time to peak intensity,peak intensity,and half-time of the descending peak intensity.The analysis revealed that blood perfusion of the contralateral testis increased immediately after testicular torsion on the opposite side(P<0.05),which increased with prolonged testicular torsion of the other testis.This research demonstrated that contrast-enhanced ultrasound was valuable in evaluating blood perfusion of the contralateral testis after unilateral testicular torsion.展开更多
AIM To observe the protective effect of combined i.v. administration of Yuanhu injection (YHI) and Huoxuehuayu injection I (HHI I) against acute pancreatitis (AP) in rabbits. METHODS Severe acute pancreatitis...AIM To observe the protective effect of combined i.v. administration of Yuanhu injection (YHI) and Huoxuehuayu injection I (HHI I) against acute pancreatitis (AP) in rabbits. METHODS Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) was induced by retrograde infusion of artificial bile juice into biliary pancreatic duct, and treated with YHI and HHI I intravenously. The protective effect was judged by the survival time and rate, serum amylase, serum interleukin 6, pancreatic microcirculation and pathological alteration. RESULTS Combined use of YHI and HHI I could markedly increase the rabbits′ 5 day survival rate after AP (83 3% in the treatment group and 33 3% in control). The serum amylase value ( ±s ) decreased to 1596 6U/L ± 760 50U/L in the 5th day from the high level ( 6320 83U/L ± 2614 12U/L ) in the 1st day after AP in the treatment group, while in the control group the amylase activity in the 5th day was 2095 0U/L ± 1081 87U/L , being significantly different from that before AP ( 837 17U/L ± 189 12U/L ). YHI and HHI I also obviously improved the pancreatic microcirculation and lowered the serum interleukin 6 level, one of the indices of severe pancreatitis. Pathological examination indicated all the changes typical for AP in YHI and HHI I treatment group were milder than those in the control. CONCLUSION YHI and HHI I used in combination might have protective effect against acute pancreatitis in rabbits.展开更多
AIM To investigate the effects of TRH in DVC on motility of the gallbladder in rabbits. METHODS After fasted for 15h - 18h , rabbits were anesthetized with urethane (1 0g/kg) . Gallbladder pressure (GP) w...AIM To investigate the effects of TRH in DVC on motility of the gallbladder in rabbits. METHODS After fasted for 15h - 18h , rabbits were anesthetized with urethane (1 0g/kg) . Gallbladder pressure (GP) was measured by a frog bladder perfused with normal saline. RESULTS After microinjection of TRH (8 8nmol, 1μl ) into DVC, GP was raised and the frequency of phasic contraction of gallbladder (FPCGB) increased. All the doses of TRH (0 13, 0 25, 0 50, 0 80, 1 30nmol , 1μl ) injected into DVC could excite the motility of gallblader. As the dose of TRH was enlarged, the amplitude and duration of the reaction increased. Effects of TRH in DVC on motility of the gallbladder could be completely abolished by atropine ( 0 2mg/g , i.v.) or vagotomy, but could not be inhibited by phentolamine iv (1 5mg/g) or propranolol iv (1.5mg/g) or by transecting the spinal cord. CONCLUSION Thyrotropin releasing hormone in DVC can excite motility of gallbladder. This effect was mediated by vagus nerves and peripheral M receptor. Its physiological significance may be related to maintaining the phasic contraction of gallbladder in interdigestive period.展开更多
AIM: To determine the effect of 7-methylxanthine (7-MX) on the posterior sclera of form-deprivation myopia (FDM) in pigmented rabbits. METHODS: Sixteen pigmented rabbits were monocularly deprived (MD) by suturing the ...AIM: To determine the effect of 7-methylxanthine (7-MX) on the posterior sclera of form-deprivation myopia (FDM) in pigmented rabbits. METHODS: Sixteen pigmented rabbits were monocularly deprived (MD) by suturing the right eyelids after natural eye opening (ten-day old) for a period of 30 days. Two groups of pigmented rabbits were fed either 7-MX (30 mg per kg body weight; n=8) or vehicle control (saline equal volume with 7-MX; n=8). Ocular refractions, axial lengths and body weights were measured at the start and the end of the experiment 30 days later. Electron microscopy was used to measure and determine the collagen fibril diameters in the posterior pole of sclera. RESULTS: In vehicle control MD pigmented rabbits, 30 days of MD produced -1.10D+/- 0.78D of myopia and the axial length increased 0.51mm+/- 0.09mm. In MD pigmented rabbits fed with 7-MX, 30 days of MD induced only -0.21D+/- 0.11D of myopia and the axial length increased 0.07mm+/- 0.10mm. There was significant change in axial length of vehicle control MD pigmented rabbits (13.11mm +/- 0.19mm versus 12.60mm+/- 0.06mm; P =0.03). The changes in refraction and axial length of two MD groups' contalateral eyes during the 30 days were not significantly different (2.75D+/- 0.27D versus 2.75D 0.35D, P>0.05; 12.60mm+/- 0.06mm versus 12.45mm +/- 0.14mm, P >0.05). The weights of the two groups pigmented rabbits had no significant changes (187g+/- 22.1g versus 189g+/- 19.3g, P>0.05). The diameter cif scleral collagen fibers increased in both eyes of 7-MX treated pigmented rabbits. There was significant difference in collagen fibril diameters of inner layer (111.34nm+/- 28.30nm versus 94.80nm +/- 27.52nm, P =0.002) and outer layer (167.92nm +/- 55.82nm versus 144.04nm +/- 47.02nm P =0.016) in the posterior sclera between the myopic eyes of vehicle control MD group and contralateral eyes of 7-MX treated MD group. CONCLUSION: 7-MX appears to prevent FDM in pigmented rabbits by remodeling the posterior sclera.展开更多
AIM To observe the effect of octreotide (OT) and somatostatin (SS) on gallbladder pressure and myoelectric activity of SO in rabbits. METHODS Male rabbits fasted for 15h - 18h and anesthetized with urethane. ...AIM To observe the effect of octreotide (OT) and somatostatin (SS) on gallbladder pressure and myoelectric activity of SO in rabbits. METHODS Male rabbits fasted for 15h - 18h and anesthetized with urethane. The mean gallbladder pressure (GP) and myoelectric activity of SO were simultaneously measured with a frog bladder connected to a transducer and a pair of copper electrodes. RESULTS After injection of OT (10μg/kg, iv), the GP decreased in 2min and reached the lowest value in about 60min ( P <0 01, n =19), and completely or partially returned to the normal level in 120min. The frequency of myoelectric activity of SO was reduced, even disappeared in 2min ( P <0 01, n =19) and returned to normal in about 20min . Injection of SS (10μg/kg, iv) also decreased GP and myoelectric activity of SO ( P <0 01, n =7); Before and after injection of OT or SS, injection of CCK 8 ( 100ng or 200ng ) caused similar increase in myoelectric activity of SO and GP ( P >0 05). Before and after injection of OT, there were no significant differences in increases of myoelectric activity of SO and GP caused by electric stimulation of dorsal motor nucleus of vagus ( P >0 05). CONCLUSION OT and SS decreased GP and myoelectric activity of SO, demonstrating that effects of OT were similar to those of SS. Intravenous injection of OT did not affect the increase of myoelectric activity of SO and GP caused by CCK 8 or electric stimulation of dorsal motor nucleus of vagus.展开更多
基金funded by Institutional Fund Projects under grant no.(IFPDP-261-22)。
文摘Detecting cyber attacks in networks connected to the Internet of Things(IoT)is of utmost importance because of the growing vulnerabilities in the smart environment.Conventional models,such as Naive Bayes and support vector machine(SVM),as well as ensemble methods,such as Gradient Boosting and eXtreme gradient boosting(XGBoost),are often plagued by high computational costs,which makes it challenging for them to perform real-time detection.In this regard,we suggested an attack detection approach that integrates Visual Geometry Group 16(VGG16),Artificial Rabbits Optimizer(ARO),and Random Forest Model to increase detection accuracy and operational efficiency in Internet of Things(IoT)networks.In the suggested model,the extraction of features from malware pictures was accomplished with the help of VGG16.The prediction process is carried out by the random forest model using the extracted features from the VGG16.Additionally,ARO is used to improve the hyper-parameters of the random forest model of the random forest.With an accuracy of 96.36%,the suggested model outperforms the standard models in terms of accuracy,F1-score,precision,and recall.The comparative research highlights our strategy’s success,which improves performance while maintaining a lower computational cost.This method is ideal for real-time applications,but it is effective.
基金the Canadian Institutes of Health Research(CIHR),Grant/Award Number:PJT-175016the Fonds de recherche du Québec(FRQ)through the research centre grant for the CHU de Québec-UniversitéLaval Research Center,Grant/Award Number:30641+2 种基金the Quebec Cell,Tissue and Gene Therapy Network—ThéCellthe FRQS,the Fondation du CHU de Québec-UniversitéLavalNeuro Québec。
文摘Background:The absence of well-established immunosuppressed rabbit models poses a significant hurdle in xenograft experiments.Tacrolimus has been identified as a highly promising immunosuppressive agent for rabbits.However,determining the optimal dosage and route of administration to minimize toxicity while maintaining efficacy remains challenging.Methods:In this study,we investigated the effect of orally administered tacrolimus in rabbits,with an aim to achieve a whole blood target trough level of 3-10 ng/m L,and looked at signs of tissue rejection after the transplantation of a human nerve conduit to repair a severed fibular nerve.An oral dosage range of 0.25-1.5 mg/kg/d was studied for up to 1 year in 63 New Zealand rabbits.Results:We demonstrated the feasibility of long-term grafting in rabbits while maintaining safe immunosuppression,with side effects mainly limited to diarrhea.Customizing the administered dose proved crucial for graft efficacy and low toxicity,which translated into 100%individual survival.We suggest an oral tacrolimus dose of 1.0-1.5 mg/kg depending on individual heterogeneity and recommend to implement a close therapeutic drug monitoring in the rabbits to maintain a whole blood tacrolimus trough level within the range of 5-12 ng/m L,as levels below 5 ng/m L showed signs of inflammation in the graft.Conclusion:The oral administration of tacrolimus enabled efficient immunosuppression of rabbits over a 1-year period without significant side effects or loss of animals.
基金supported by the Jilin Provincial Department of Education Science and Technology Research Project(JJKH20231141K)Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province of China(20230101154JC)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2022QNRC001)。
文摘Chronic pancreatitis(CP)is a progressive and irreversible fibroinflammatory disease that markedly increases susceptibility to pancreatic cancer and remains without effective targeted therapies.Among the genetic contributors to CP,the carboxypeptidase A1 p.Ser282Pro(CPA1^(S282P))variant has been proposed to promote disease through misfolding-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS),although the broader pathogenic landscape remains incompletely defined.This study generated a rabbit model mimicking the human CPA1S282P mutation using the SpRY-ABE-8.17 system.Homozygous CPA1^(S282P)rabbits exhibited characteristic human CP phenotypes following alcohol induction,including visceral pain,elevated serum lipase and amylase,inflammatory cell infiltration,and extensive pancreatic fibrosis.Biochemical analyses confirmed that the p.S282P mutation induced CPA1 misfolding and elevated the expression of ERS markers GRP78 and CHOP in both transfected HEK293T cells and homozygous mutant rabbits.Notably,the CPA1^(S282P)mutation markedly disrupted intra-pancreatic lipid homeostasis,contributing to the development of CP in mutant rabbits.This study successfully established the first rabbit model of CP that accurately recapitulates CP caused by a defined human point mutation.Additionally,this study provides insights into a previously unrecognized link between CPA1 and intra-pancreatic lipid metabolism,offering a foundation for identifying novel therapeutic targets for human CP.
基金The 64th batch of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2018M640754National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:81860870The“Wang Heng xin Scientific Research Fund”project of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,Grant/Award Number:2023HX007。
文摘Glaucoma,a visual thief,is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure(IOP)and the loss of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs).Selecting suitable animals for preclinical models is of great significance in research on the prevention,early screening,and effective treatments of glaucoma.Rabbit eyeballs possess similar vascularity and aqueous humor outflow pathways to those of humans.Thus,they are among the earliest in vivo models used in glaucoma research.Over the years,rabbit models have made substantial contributions to understanding glaucomatous pathophysiology,surgical adaptations,biomedical device development,and drug development for reducing IOP,protecting RGCs,and inhibiting fibrosis.Compared to other animals,rabbits fit better with surgical operations and cost less.This review summarizes the merits and demerits of different ways to produce glaucomatous rabbit models,such as intracameral injection,vortex vein obstruction,Trendelenburg position,laser photo-coagulation,glucocorticoid induction,limbal buckling induction,retinal ischemia–reperfusion models,and spontaneous models.We analyzed their mechanisms in the hope of providing more references for experimental design and promoting the understanding of glaucoma treatment strategies.
文摘Background The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of different levels of betaine(Bet)inclusion in the diet on the intestinal health of growing rabbits under summer heat.A total of 100 weaned Qixing meat rabbits aged 35 d with body weight of 748.61±38.59 g were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups:control group(basal diet)and Bet groups(basal diet+0.75,1.0,1.5 or 2.0 g/kg Bet).The average daily temperature in the rabbitry during the experiment was 30.48°C and the relative humidity was 69.44%.Results Dietary addition of Bet had no significant effect on growth performance and health status of growing rabbits(P>0.05),but it increased ileal secretory immunoglobulin A content compared to the control under summer heat(P<0.05).Addition of 0.75 g/kg Bet up-regulated jejunal IL-4,down-regulated ileal TNF-αexpression(P<0.05).The addition of 1.0 g/kg Bet increased the villi height(VH)in the jejunum(P<0.05).Serum glucose levels were reduced,and the expression of SLC6A20 was up-regulated in jejunum and ileum of rabbits fed with 1.5 g/kg Bet(P<0.05).When added at 2.0 g/kg,Bet reduced serum HSP70 content,increased jejunal VH,and up-regulated duodenal SLC7A6,SLC38A2,mTOR and 4EBP-2 expression(P<0.05).Correlation analysis revealed that intestinal mTOR expression was significantly and positively correlated with SLC7A6,SLC38A2,SLC36A1 and IL-4 expression(P<0.05).Conclusions Dietary addition of Bet can up-regulate the expression of anti-inflammatory factors through the AAT/mTOR pathway,improve the intestinal immune function,alleviate intestinal damage in growing rabbits caused by summer heat,and improve intestinal health.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31970574)。
文摘Animal models are extensively used in all aspects of biomedical research,with substantial contributions to our understanding of diseases,the development of pharmaceuticals,and the exploration of gene functions.The field of genome modification in rabbits has progressed slowly.However,recent advancements,particularly in CRISPR/Cas9-related technologies,have catalyzed the successful development of various genome-edited rabbit models to mimic diverse diseases,including cardiovascular disorders,immunodeficiencies,agingrelated ailments,neurological diseases,and ophthalmic pathologies.These models hold great promise in advancing biomedical research due to their closer physiological and biochemical resemblance to humans compared to mice.This review aims to summarize the novel gene-editing approaches currently available for rabbits and present the applications and prospects of such models in biomedicine,underscoring their impact and future potential in translational medicine.
基金funded by Firat University Scientific Research Projects Management Unit for the scientific research project of Feyza AltunbeyÖzbay,numbered MF.23.49.
文摘Artificial rabbits optimization(ARO)is a recently proposed biology-based optimization algorithm inspired by the detour foraging and random hiding behavior of rabbits in nature.However,for solving optimization problems,the ARO algorithm shows slow convergence speed and can fall into local minima.To overcome these drawbacks,this paper proposes chaotic opposition-based learning ARO(COARO),an improved version of the ARO algorithm that incorporates opposition-based learning(OBL)and chaotic local search(CLS)techniques.By adding OBL to ARO,the convergence speed of the algorithm increases and it explores the search space better.Chaotic maps in CLS provide rapid convergence by scanning the search space efficiently,since their ergodicity and non-repetitive properties.The proposed COARO algorithm has been tested using thirty-three distinct benchmark functions.The outcomes have been compared with the most recent optimization algorithms.Additionally,the COARO algorithm’s problem-solving capabilities have been evaluated using six different engineering design problems and compared with various other algorithms.This study also introduces a binary variant of the continuous COARO algorithm,named BCOARO.The performance of BCOARO was evaluated on the breast cancer dataset.The effectiveness of BCOARO has been compared with different feature selection algorithms.The proposed BCOARO outperforms alternative algorithms,according to the findings obtained for real applications in terms of accuracy performance,and fitness value.Extensive experiments show that the COARO and BCOARO algorithms achieve promising results compared to other metaheuristic algorithms.
文摘A study conducted on burgundy rabbits evaluated the effects of rations containing mango (Mangifera indica), avocado (Persea americana) and guava (Psidium guajava) powder. For this purpose, 36 rabbits (20 males and 16 females) aged 60 to 70 days with an average weight of 1012 ± 133 g were divided randomly into 4 equal groups (T0, T1, T2 and T3) of 9 animals each according to body weight (bw). The rabbits were divided throughout the trial, the animals were fed, those of group T0 (control) with a standard feed without any type of leaf powder, while those of groups 1, 2 and 3 received the standard feed supplemented with Mangifera indica, Persea americana and Psidium guajava leaves powder at the rate of 0.5% respectively. After two months of treatment, the animals were fasted for 12 hours (20 h - 8 h) and sacrificed to evaluate carcass and digestive organ weights. The results revealed that the values of feed intake, live weight and weight gain were non-significantly (p > 0.05) increased in all animals regardless of the ration in reference to the control. The different leaves powder induced an increase in carcass yield in rabbits but this increase was only significant (p M. indica leaf powder (51.03 ± 0.24) as compared to the control (48.63 ± 0.74). Gut length was significantly increased in animals fed rations containing Psidium guajava and Persea americana leaves powder compared to the control. A significant increase in gut weight was observed in animals fed the Persea americana leaf supplemented ration. In general, mango leaf powder performed better than other types of powders.
文摘The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters and bioavailability of the solid dispersion formulation of diclazuril after oral administration in rabbits in comparison with its known premix form with feed additive.Plasma concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）.The areas under the plasma concentration curves（AUC0-∞） of diclazuril in solid dispersion and premix were 247.8±18.1μg/h/mL and 145.4±12.6μg/h/mL,respectively. The Cmax of diclazuril in solid dispersion and premix were 33.72±4.75 μg/mL and 10.42±3.4μg/mL, respectively, The t1/2 were 9.53±1.37 and 9.23±1.20 min, respectively. The oral bioavailability of drug solid dispersion was 1.7-fold higher than that of premix. From these data we concluded that diclazuril solid dispersion may be used as a potential anticoccidial preparation.
文摘[Objective] The paper presents the pharmacokinetics of Junmie in healthy rabbits and thus provides a basis for its rational application. [ Method] HPLC method was developed to detect the concentration of Junmie with benzoyl ciprofloxacin as internal standard. After the healthy rab bits was respectively injected Junmie intravenously and intramuscularly, plasma concentration after injection was detected with the established HPLC method so as to determine the best pharmacokinetic model. [Result] The conditions of HPLC were as follows： mobile phase was 100 ml 60% （V/V） methanol solution （pH 3.0） ; flow rate was 1.0 mVmin; column temperature was （25.0 ±0.5） ℃; detection wavelength was 278 nm. The concentration time data of the plasma, collected from intravenously and intramuscularly injected rabbits, was separately in line with the two com partments and one compartment open model with the first order absorption. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of the plasma sample （ i. v. ） were as below： T1/2= = 0.07 h, T1/2 = 0.82 h, AUC = 3.51 mg/（L . h）, CLB = 4.57 L/（kg . h） ; the plasma sample （i. m. ） ： T1/2 = 0.33 h, T1/2k = 0.33 h, Tp = 0.6 h, Cmax = 2.55 μg/ml, AUC = 4.87 mg/（L . h）. The bioavailability was approximately 110%. [Conclusion] After intra muscular administration, Junmie is absorbed and eliminated quickly with high bioavallability and extensive distribution.
基金funded by the Ministry Science and Technolo-gy "1025" National Science and Technology Plan of Rural Areas(2011BAD36B03)
文摘[ Objective] This experiment was conducted to study methionine level in diet for prepnant famale rabbits on the development of hair follicles of baby rabbits. [ Method] Fifty-four Angora female rabbits with similar body weight, parities and historicaly hair yield were randomly assigned to three groups with eighteen replicates in each group and one rabbit per replicate. Rabbits during pregnancy were fed diets with 0.5!%, 0.71% and 0.91% methionine, respectively. Hair follicle density and diameter in the back skin were determined at 18-day fetus. 26-day fetus, newborn and 2- month-old,and hair fiber diameter at 2-month-old was also determined. [ Result] The results showed as follows： （1） hair follicle density and diameter at each stage,coarse hair fiber diameter at 2-month. old showed a tendency of increasing with dietary methionine level（ P 〉0.05）, fine hair diameter in 0.91% group was significantly larger than that in 0.51% group at 2-month-old （ P 〈 0.05）. （2） With the development of baby rabbit,the ratio of secondary follicle and primary follicle increased gradually, at newborn of rabbits in group 0.51%, 0.71% and 0.91%were 5.84, 5.56 and 5.81, respectively, and at 2-month-old were 8.47, 7.97 and 8.03, respectively. （3） Baby rabbits in group 0.51%, 0.71% and 0.91% gained increases of primary follicle diameter by 0.58, 0.57 and 0.61pm/d from 26-day fetus to birth, and 0.11,0.11 and 0.12 prn/d from birth to 2-month-old, re- spectively; they also gained increases on secondary follicle diameter by 0.0018,0. 012 and 0. 011prn/d from birth to 2-months-old, respectively. [ Conclusion] These results indicate that increase of methionine level in diet for female rabbits during pregnancy is a stimulation factor for the development of hair follicle of baby rabbits, and can improve their hair fiber diameter.
文摘In the present study,the effects of postnatal development on the number and distribution of skeletal muscle fibers of different types in hind leg of rat and rabbit were studied.The soleus muscles of rats aged 2 days,2,4,6,8,and 10 weeks (body weight 10,32,95,190,280,and 320 g),and rabbits aged 2 days,2,4,8,12,16,20,and 24 weeks (body weight 100,220,400,750,1 200,1 600,2 100,and 2 500 g) were stained with succinic dehydrogenase.With an image analysis system,the X-Y coordinates of fibers were used to analyze the growth-related changes.The results of present study showed that three types of fibers were found in the soleus muscles of rat and rabbit,i.e.,type Ⅰ (slow oxidative),ⅡX (fast oxidative),and ⅡA (fast oxidative glycolytic).The type Ⅰ fibers were present throughout the muscle that had a uniform distribution and tended to increase in number with aging.Type ⅡX fibers were scattered throughout the muscle and decreased markedly in number with aging.Type ⅡA fibers were located at the central and deep regions,and showed a little or no change in number and distribution with aging.While be of age,type ⅡA and ⅡX fibers became restricted to the superficial region.No type ⅡB fibers were detected.Type ⅡA fibers had the largest diameter,type Ⅰ intermediate and type ⅡX the smallest.Mean cross-sectional area of each type fibers of rabbits was larger than that of rats.The present results indicate that the number and distribution of muscle fibers of different types in hind limb of rat and rabbit change with the process of postnatal growth.
基金Supported by the grant from the Hungarian Scieutigic Research Found (OTKA No.D34004) the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (B0 5/2003) and ETT SK503
文摘AIM:To assess the role of oxygen-derived free radicals and cytokines in the pathogenesis of taurocholic acid-induced acute pancreatitis,and to evaluate the preventive effects of octreotide towards the development of acute pancreatitis. METHODS:Acute pancreatitis was induced in male New Zealand white rabbits by retrograde injection of 0.8 mL/kg·b.m,of 50 g/L sodium taurocholate (NaTC) in the pancreatic duct.Sham- operated animals served as control.Octreotide i mg/kg·b.m. was administered subcutaneously before the induction of pancreatitis.Blood was taken from the jugular vein before and at 1,3,6,12 and 24 h after pancreatitis induction. Serum activities of amylase,IL-6 and TNF-α and levels of malonyl dialdehyde (MDA),glutathione (GSH),glutathione peroxidase (GPx),catalase and superoxide dismutase (Mn-, Cu-,and Zn-SOD) in pancreatic tissue were measured. RESULTS:Serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels increased significantly 3 h after the onset of pancreatitis,and then returned to control level.The tissue concentration of MDA was significantly elevated at 24 h,while the GSH level and GP-x,catalase,Mn-SOD,Cu-,Zn-SOD activities were all significantly decreased in animals with pancreatitis as compared to the control.Octreotide pretreatmnent significantly reversed the changes in cytokines and reactive oxygen metabolites.Octreotide treatment did not alter the serum amylase activity and did not have any beneficial effects on the development of histopathological changes. CONCLUSION:Oxygen-derived free radicals and proinflammatory cytokines are generated at an early stage of NaTc-induced acute pancreatitis in rabbits.Prophylactic octreotide treatment can prevent release of cytokines and generation of reactive oxygen metabolites,but does not have any beneficial effects on the development of necrotizing pancreatitis.
文摘Aim： To determine whether vasectomy away from the epididymal tail （via the inguinal canal） in rabbits can reduce the early postoperative effects on spermatogenesis. Methods： Twenty-nine normal male Japanese white rabbits （aged 4- 6 months） were subjected to unilateral close-ended （conventional） or open-ended （the cut end of the juxta-epididymal vas deferens not ligated） vasectomy via the inguinal canal. Ten days and 3 months after operation, testes, epididymides and vasa deferentia were removed and methacrylate resin-embedded sections prepared. The histology of the testis, epididymis and vas deferens was examined under light microscope, and the volume and diameter of the seminiferous tubules were quantitatively studied using stereological methods. Results： Neither of the methods of vasectomy led to apparent damage to spermatogenesis on the vasectomized side in comparison with the contralateral shamoperated side, but the juxta-epididymal vas deferens on the vasectomized side was highly distended and contained numerous sperm 3 months after operation. Conclusion： Vasectomy away from the cauda epididymis has no significant early postoperative effects on spermatogenesis in rabbits.
文摘INTRODUCTIONPlasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI-I ), an approximately Mr 50000 glycoprotein, is the major physiological inhibitor of plasminogen activators. It is not only the priming factor for atherosclerosis and coronary thrombosis[1-3] , but also participates in the genesis of chronic hepatitis and liver fibrosis[4-11] . However, there has been no available report yet about the research of hepatic PAl-1 gene expression in hyperlipidemia and fatty liver. The present study aimed to explore the change of hepatic PAl-1 mRNA and its plasma activity by means of animal model.
基金We thank the animal facility of Ruijing Hospital(Shanghai,China)for valuable assistance in this study.
文摘The changes of blood perfusion of contralateral testis after unilateral testicular torsion remain controversial.In this study,28 New Zealand white male rabbits were randomly divided into five groups.Group A(n=8),the control group,underwent a sham operation on the unilateral testis without inducing testicular torsion.In groups B,C,and D(n=5 each),unilateral testicular torsion was induced,and,after 3,6 or 24 h,respectively,detorsion was performed.In group E(n=5),permanent unilateral testicular torsion was applied.Contrast-enhanced ultrasound was used to observe the blood perfusion of the contralateral testis at the following stages:pre-torsion(preopration),immediately post-torsion(postopration),pre-detorsion,immediately post-detorsion,and late-stage post-detorsion(6-12 h post-detorsion in groups B-D)or at a similar time point(15-21 h post-torsion in group E).Time-intensity curves were generated,and the following parameters were derived and analyzed:arrival time,time to peak intensity,peak intensity,and half-time of the descending peak intensity.The analysis revealed that blood perfusion of the contralateral testis increased immediately after testicular torsion on the opposite side(P<0.05),which increased with prolonged testicular torsion of the other testis.This research demonstrated that contrast-enhanced ultrasound was valuable in evaluating blood perfusion of the contralateral testis after unilateral testicular torsion.
文摘AIM To observe the protective effect of combined i.v. administration of Yuanhu injection (YHI) and Huoxuehuayu injection I (HHI I) against acute pancreatitis (AP) in rabbits. METHODS Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) was induced by retrograde infusion of artificial bile juice into biliary pancreatic duct, and treated with YHI and HHI I intravenously. The protective effect was judged by the survival time and rate, serum amylase, serum interleukin 6, pancreatic microcirculation and pathological alteration. RESULTS Combined use of YHI and HHI I could markedly increase the rabbits′ 5 day survival rate after AP (83 3% in the treatment group and 33 3% in control). The serum amylase value ( ±s ) decreased to 1596 6U/L ± 760 50U/L in the 5th day from the high level ( 6320 83U/L ± 2614 12U/L ) in the 1st day after AP in the treatment group, while in the control group the amylase activity in the 5th day was 2095 0U/L ± 1081 87U/L , being significantly different from that before AP ( 837 17U/L ± 189 12U/L ). YHI and HHI I also obviously improved the pancreatic microcirculation and lowered the serum interleukin 6 level, one of the indices of severe pancreatitis. Pathological examination indicated all the changes typical for AP in YHI and HHI I treatment group were milder than those in the control. CONCLUSION YHI and HHI I used in combination might have protective effect against acute pancreatitis in rabbits.
文摘AIM To investigate the effects of TRH in DVC on motility of the gallbladder in rabbits. METHODS After fasted for 15h - 18h , rabbits were anesthetized with urethane (1 0g/kg) . Gallbladder pressure (GP) was measured by a frog bladder perfused with normal saline. RESULTS After microinjection of TRH (8 8nmol, 1μl ) into DVC, GP was raised and the frequency of phasic contraction of gallbladder (FPCGB) increased. All the doses of TRH (0 13, 0 25, 0 50, 0 80, 1 30nmol , 1μl ) injected into DVC could excite the motility of gallblader. As the dose of TRH was enlarged, the amplitude and duration of the reaction increased. Effects of TRH in DVC on motility of the gallbladder could be completely abolished by atropine ( 0 2mg/g , i.v.) or vagotomy, but could not be inhibited by phentolamine iv (1 5mg/g) or propranolol iv (1.5mg/g) or by transecting the spinal cord. CONCLUSION Thyrotropin releasing hormone in DVC can excite motility of gallbladder. This effect was mediated by vagus nerves and peripheral M receptor. Its physiological significance may be related to maintaining the phasic contraction of gallbladder in interdigestive period.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 81100692)Fundamental Research Funds of State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, China
文摘AIM: To determine the effect of 7-methylxanthine (7-MX) on the posterior sclera of form-deprivation myopia (FDM) in pigmented rabbits. METHODS: Sixteen pigmented rabbits were monocularly deprived (MD) by suturing the right eyelids after natural eye opening (ten-day old) for a period of 30 days. Two groups of pigmented rabbits were fed either 7-MX (30 mg per kg body weight; n=8) or vehicle control (saline equal volume with 7-MX; n=8). Ocular refractions, axial lengths and body weights were measured at the start and the end of the experiment 30 days later. Electron microscopy was used to measure and determine the collagen fibril diameters in the posterior pole of sclera. RESULTS: In vehicle control MD pigmented rabbits, 30 days of MD produced -1.10D+/- 0.78D of myopia and the axial length increased 0.51mm+/- 0.09mm. In MD pigmented rabbits fed with 7-MX, 30 days of MD induced only -0.21D+/- 0.11D of myopia and the axial length increased 0.07mm+/- 0.10mm. There was significant change in axial length of vehicle control MD pigmented rabbits (13.11mm +/- 0.19mm versus 12.60mm+/- 0.06mm; P =0.03). The changes in refraction and axial length of two MD groups' contalateral eyes during the 30 days were not significantly different (2.75D+/- 0.27D versus 2.75D 0.35D, P>0.05; 12.60mm+/- 0.06mm versus 12.45mm +/- 0.14mm, P >0.05). The weights of the two groups pigmented rabbits had no significant changes (187g+/- 22.1g versus 189g+/- 19.3g, P>0.05). The diameter cif scleral collagen fibers increased in both eyes of 7-MX treated pigmented rabbits. There was significant difference in collagen fibril diameters of inner layer (111.34nm+/- 28.30nm versus 94.80nm +/- 27.52nm, P =0.002) and outer layer (167.92nm +/- 55.82nm versus 144.04nm +/- 47.02nm P =0.016) in the posterior sclera between the myopic eyes of vehicle control MD group and contralateral eyes of 7-MX treated MD group. CONCLUSION: 7-MX appears to prevent FDM in pigmented rabbits by remodeling the posterior sclera.
文摘AIM To observe the effect of octreotide (OT) and somatostatin (SS) on gallbladder pressure and myoelectric activity of SO in rabbits. METHODS Male rabbits fasted for 15h - 18h and anesthetized with urethane. The mean gallbladder pressure (GP) and myoelectric activity of SO were simultaneously measured with a frog bladder connected to a transducer and a pair of copper electrodes. RESULTS After injection of OT (10μg/kg, iv), the GP decreased in 2min and reached the lowest value in about 60min ( P <0 01, n =19), and completely or partially returned to the normal level in 120min. The frequency of myoelectric activity of SO was reduced, even disappeared in 2min ( P <0 01, n =19) and returned to normal in about 20min . Injection of SS (10μg/kg, iv) also decreased GP and myoelectric activity of SO ( P <0 01, n =7); Before and after injection of OT or SS, injection of CCK 8 ( 100ng or 200ng ) caused similar increase in myoelectric activity of SO and GP ( P >0 05). Before and after injection of OT, there were no significant differences in increases of myoelectric activity of SO and GP caused by electric stimulation of dorsal motor nucleus of vagus ( P >0 05). CONCLUSION OT and SS decreased GP and myoelectric activity of SO, demonstrating that effects of OT were similar to those of SS. Intravenous injection of OT did not affect the increase of myoelectric activity of SO and GP caused by CCK 8 or electric stimulation of dorsal motor nucleus of vagus.
