BACKGROUND Tuberculosis is among the most devastating infectious diseases worldwide.Spinal tuberculosis is not easy to detect at an early stage,which without effective treatment often leads to spinal deformity and spi...BACKGROUND Tuberculosis is among the most devastating infectious diseases worldwide.Spinal tuberculosis is not easy to detect at an early stage,which without effective treatment often leads to spinal deformity and spinal cord damage which in turn cause complications such as paraplegia and quadriplegia.In this study,we established a model using three concentrations of bacteria and carried out a comprehensive evaluation of the model by imaging,general observations,and histopathological and bacteriological studies.AIM To establish a rabbit model of spinal tuberculosis and examine the effect on the model’s efficacy using different concentrations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tuberculosis)inoculum.METHODS New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into experimental,control and blank groups.The experimental and control animals were sensitized with complete Freund′s adjuvant,a hole was drilled beneath the upper endplate of the L6 vertebral body and filled with gelfoam sponge.The experimental group was divided into three subgroups(experimental 1,experimental 2,experimental 3)and infused with M.tuberculosis suspension at various concentrations.The control group was inoculated with saline and the blank group received no treatment.The 12-week post-operative survival rates were 100%,80%and 30%in the experimental groups inoculated with concentrations of 106,107 and 108 CFU/mL bacteria,respectively.RESULTS The survival rate of the control and blank groups was 100%.Vertebral body destruction at 8 weeks in the three experimental groups as determined by X-ray analysis was 33.3%,62.5%and 66.7%,and by computed tomography(CT)and 3-dimensional CT 44.4%,75%and 100%,respectively.At 12 weeks,the figures were 44.4%,75%and 100%by X-ray analysis and 44.4%,100%and 100%by CT and 3-dimensional CT,respectively.All surviving rabbits of the experimental groups had vertebral destruction.The positive bacterial culture rates were 22.2%,75%and 66.7%,respectively,in the experimental groups.After being sensitized with complete Freund's adjuvant,large differences were observed in the extent of spinal tuberculosis after inoculation of the rabbits with different concentrations of H37RV standard M.tuberculosis.CONCLUSION The experimental 1 had a low success rate at establishing an infection.The experimental 3 resulted in high mortality and complication rates.The experimental 2 was optimum for establishing a spinal tuberculosis model based on the high level of symptoms observed and the low rabbit mortality.展开更多
Objectives:The aim of this study was to compare the measured physiological factors that limit running performance with real marathon results from world-class distance runners,evaluating the compatibility between measu...Objectives:The aim of this study was to compare the measured physiological factors that limit running performance with real marathon results from world-class distance runners,evaluating the compatibility between measured data and predicted results based on the previously suggested model.Methods:Four world-class East African marathon runners(three male,one female)underwent physiological running assessments to predict marathon performance times using a model based on˙V O_(2)peak,percentage of˙V O_(2)peak at the second ventilatory threshold,and running economy.Predictions were then compared to participants’best marathon times.Results:The measured˙V O_(2)peak of the world-class runners was 75.1±2.7 mL/kg/min.The second ventilatory threshold occurred at 85±3%of the peak,with a running economy of 63.7±2.4 mL/kg/min at 19.6±0.9 km/h.The predicted marathon performance time was 2:06:51±0:03:17 h:min:s for the males and 2:17:36 h:min:s for the female.Comparing these predictions to their personal best times,the average difference was 00:55±00:51 min:s(range:00:20-02:08).Conclusions:This research provides laboratory data on world-class road running athletes,reinforcing the link between marathon performance and˙V O_(2)peak,the percentage of˙VO_(2)peak at the second ventilatory threshold,and running economy.The examined athletes had lower˙V O_(2)peak compared to predicted values,highlighting the importance of running economy and fractional utilization of˙V O_(2)peak in achieving such performances.Future studies should continue to advance the field by including additional bioenergetic parameters measured during race conditions and expanding the participant cohort of elite marathoners,encompassing both sexes.展开更多
Background:The absence of well-established immunosuppressed rabbit models poses a significant hurdle in xenograft experiments.Tacrolimus has been identified as a highly promising immunosuppressive agent for rabbits.Ho...Background:The absence of well-established immunosuppressed rabbit models poses a significant hurdle in xenograft experiments.Tacrolimus has been identified as a highly promising immunosuppressive agent for rabbits.However,determining the optimal dosage and route of administration to minimize toxicity while maintaining efficacy remains challenging.Methods:In this study,we investigated the effect of orally administered tacrolimus in rabbits,with an aim to achieve a whole blood target trough level of 3-10 ng/m L,and looked at signs of tissue rejection after the transplantation of a human nerve conduit to repair a severed fibular nerve.An oral dosage range of 0.25-1.5 mg/kg/d was studied for up to 1 year in 63 New Zealand rabbits.Results:We demonstrated the feasibility of long-term grafting in rabbits while maintaining safe immunosuppression,with side effects mainly limited to diarrhea.Customizing the administered dose proved crucial for graft efficacy and low toxicity,which translated into 100%individual survival.We suggest an oral tacrolimus dose of 1.0-1.5 mg/kg depending on individual heterogeneity and recommend to implement a close therapeutic drug monitoring in the rabbits to maintain a whole blood tacrolimus trough level within the range of 5-12 ng/m L,as levels below 5 ng/m L showed signs of inflammation in the graft.Conclusion:The oral administration of tacrolimus enabled efficient immunosuppression of rabbits over a 1-year period without significant side effects or loss of animals.展开更多
Background:Diabetic retinal neuropathy(DRN)leads to significant visual impairment;however,no existing animal model fully replicates its neural alterations,and inconsistent induction protocols with high mortality rates...Background:Diabetic retinal neuropathy(DRN)leads to significant visual impairment;however,no existing animal model fully replicates its neural alterations,and inconsistent induction protocols with high mortality rates hinder long-term investigations.Methods:Adult male rabbits were randomly assigned to four experimental groups,each receiving a single intravenous injection of varying doses of alloxan and one control group.The safety and efficacy of alloxan in inducing diabetes were evaluated to determine the optimal dose.At 9 weeks following injection with alloxan,retinal function was assessed using full-field electroretinography(ERG)and visual evoked potentials(VEPs).Retinal structure was examined in rabbits using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT),Optos ultra-widefield(Optos UWF)false-color imaging,and widefield fundus fluorescein angiography(WF-FFA).Results:Rabbits in the 80 mg/kg alloxan group exhibited fewer complications,lower mortality,and a higher model success rate compared to other groups.At 9 weeks post-injection,these rabbits demonstrated significantly elevated hemoglobin A1c and total cholesterol(p<0.05)relative to controls.ERG revealed statistically significant reductions in oscillatory potential and b-wave amplitudes(p<0.05),while VEP indicated decreased P2 amplitude(p<0.001)and prolonged P2 latency(p<0.05).SD-OCT,Optos UWF imaging,and WF-FFA demonstrated no significant changes in vascular abnormalities.Additionally,Hematoxylin and Eosin staining revealed retinal swelling(p<0.05),and immunofluorescence confirmed glial activation and neuronal loss.Conclusions:A single intravenous injection of 80 mg/kg alloxan effectively and safely induced DRN in rabbits,resulting in neural retina damage,thereby establishing this model as an ideal model for DRN research.展开更多
Background:There are many forms of anabolic steroids,including stanozolol(Winstrol),which are popular for their muscle-building effects but dangerous to the heart.This pre-sent work is aimed at evaluating the pharmaco...Background:There are many forms of anabolic steroids,including stanozolol(Winstrol),which are popular for their muscle-building effects but dangerous to the heart.This pre-sent work is aimed at evaluating the pharmacologica impact of allicin,a natural attribute obtained from garlic,on obstructing cardiac injury in rabbits that received stanozolol.Methods:Thirty rabbits were divided into three groups:control,stanozolol-treated,and stanozolol plus allicin.Cardiac function was assessed by measuring troponin,creatine kinase(CK),Galectin-3,and GDF-15.Oxidative stress and antioxidant markers,includ-ing malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione,and catalase,were analyzed.Inflammatory mediators such as C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin-6(IL-6),NF-κB,iNOS,nitric oxide(NO),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),and interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β)were evaluated.Lipid profile parameters,including total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein(LDL),and high-density lipoprotein(HDL),were measured.Histopathological examina-tion assessed myocardial damage,fibrosis,and collagen deposition.Results:Stanozolol administration significantly increased cardiac damage markers,oxidative stress,and inflammatory mediators while causing dyslipidemia,characterized by elevated LDL and total cholesterol and reduced HDL.Allicin co-administration effectively countered these effects by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation,restoring antioxidant balance,and improving lipid profiles.Histopathological analysis revealed severe myocardial disor-ganization,necrosis,and fibrosis in the stanozolol group,whereas the allicin-treated group exhibited preserved myocardial structure with reduced collagen deposition.Conclusion:Allicin significantly mitigates stanozolol-induced cardiotoxicity by reduc-ing oxidative stress,inflammation,lipid dysregulation,and myocardial damage,as evidenced by biochemical and histopathological findings.These results suggest that allicin may serve as a potential therapeutic agent to counteract the cardiovascular risks associated with anabolic steroid use.展开更多
Background : Scleral fixation of intraocular lenses is a surgical technique that involves anchoring an artificial lens to the sclera. Traditional approaches, such as capsular bag placement, may not be feasible in cert...Background : Scleral fixation of intraocular lenses is a surgical technique that involves anchoring an artificial lens to the sclera. Traditional approaches, such as capsular bag placement, may not be feasible in certain situations, making scleral fixation a valuable alternative. The scleral reactions to different types of suture materials are not fully understood. Therefore, the present study describes the microscopic structure of normal scleral tissue and its changes with suture materials. Methods : We compared six groups of rabbit eyes focusing on the sclera: group with polytetrafluoroethylene( PTFE) chain, PTFE fiber, polypropylene( PPE) fiber and control groups. multilevel sampling and stereological methods were used for histological quantification of the leukocyte infiltration fractions and type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen. Results : Quantitative histological evaluation revealed the following:(1) For all materials used, inflammation was present in the surrounding scleral tissue compared with healthy controls. However, leukocyte infiltration in the sclera was not statistically different between the materials.(2) As part of the evaluation of collagen, the greatest changes occurred in the PTFE fiber group at 2 weeks postoperatively. In the PTFE chain group, more significant changes were visible at 4 weeks.(3) The changes in the PPE fiber group compared to healthy scleral tissue were the least significant. Conclusions : From a histological point of view, it is evident that there are differences in the quantitative parameters between the untouched sclera and the sclera with suture material. Furthermore, distinctions were observed among various materials and across different time intervals.展开更多
Tracheal collapse(TC),defined by excessive tracheal collapsibility,often results in severe respiratory distress in small-breed dogs.Surgical intervention,including the placement of extraluminal stents,has been employe...Tracheal collapse(TC),defined by excessive tracheal collapsibility,often results in severe respiratory distress in small-breed dogs.Surgical intervention,including the placement of extraluminal stents,has been employed as a treatment option.Owing to the anatomical and physiological similarities between rabbit and canine tracheas,a rabbit model was utilized to develop a novel extraluminal silicone tracheal stent and evaluate its feasibility in treating tracheomalacia.The stent was surgically implanted in eight New Zealand White rabbits after the induction of tracheomalacia.Postoperative evaluations,including clinical assessment,radiography,computed tomography(CT),and histological analysis,were performed at 1,2,and 6 months post-implantation.All rabbits in the stent group survived without exhibiting signs of respiratory distress,whereas all rabbits in the tracheomalacia group experienced respiratory distress,with one succumbing to respiratory failure.Radiographic and CT evaluations confirmed that the stent effectively maintained airway patency,with tracheal measurements not significantly different from the preoperative values,indicating successful restora-tion of tracheal diameter.Histological analysis demonstrated minimal inflammatory response,the absence of fibrosis,and preserved structural integrity of the tracheal cartilage.Therefore,the novel extraluminal silicone tracheal stent provides effective airway support while minimizing adverse tissue reactions.Further studies,including the use of this stent in a canine TC model and assessment of its long-term outcomes,are warranted to explore its potential clinical applications in veterinary medicine.展开更多
Glaucoma,a visual thief,is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure(IOP)and the loss of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs).Selecting suitable animals for preclinical models is of great significance in research on the ...Glaucoma,a visual thief,is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure(IOP)and the loss of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs).Selecting suitable animals for preclinical models is of great significance in research on the prevention,early screening,and effective treatments of glaucoma.Rabbit eyeballs possess similar vascularity and aqueous humor outflow pathways to those of humans.Thus,they are among the earliest in vivo models used in glaucoma research.Over the years,rabbit models have made substantial contributions to understanding glaucomatous pathophysiology,surgical adaptations,biomedical device development,and drug development for reducing IOP,protecting RGCs,and inhibiting fibrosis.Compared to other animals,rabbits fit better with surgical operations and cost less.This review summarizes the merits and demerits of different ways to produce glaucomatous rabbit models,such as intracameral injection,vortex vein obstruction,Trendelenburg position,laser photo-coagulation,glucocorticoid induction,limbal buckling induction,retinal ischemia–reperfusion models,and spontaneous models.We analyzed their mechanisms in the hope of providing more references for experimental design and promoting the understanding of glaucoma treatment strategies.展开更多
Chronic pancreatitis(CP)is a progressive and irreversible fibroinflammatory disease that markedly increases susceptibility to pancreatic cancer and remains without effective targeted therapies.Among the genetic contri...Chronic pancreatitis(CP)is a progressive and irreversible fibroinflammatory disease that markedly increases susceptibility to pancreatic cancer and remains without effective targeted therapies.Among the genetic contributors to CP,the carboxypeptidase A1 p.Ser282Pro(CPA1^(S282P))variant has been proposed to promote disease through misfolding-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS),although the broader pathogenic landscape remains incompletely defined.This study generated a rabbit model mimicking the human CPA1S282P mutation using the SpRY-ABE-8.17 system.Homozygous CPA1^(S282P)rabbits exhibited characteristic human CP phenotypes following alcohol induction,including visceral pain,elevated serum lipase and amylase,inflammatory cell infiltration,and extensive pancreatic fibrosis.Biochemical analyses confirmed that the p.S282P mutation induced CPA1 misfolding and elevated the expression of ERS markers GRP78 and CHOP in both transfected HEK293T cells and homozygous mutant rabbits.Notably,the CPA1^(S282P)mutation markedly disrupted intra-pancreatic lipid homeostasis,contributing to the development of CP in mutant rabbits.This study successfully established the first rabbit model of CP that accurately recapitulates CP caused by a defined human point mutation.Additionally,this study provides insights into a previously unrecognized link between CPA1 and intra-pancreatic lipid metabolism,offering a foundation for identifying novel therapeutic targets for human CP.展开更多
Objective:To study the therapeutic effect of the Extract of Wuwei Xiaodu Drink on spinal infection and provide the scientific basis for clinical application.Methods:By establishing a rabbit model of spinal infection,t...Objective:To study the therapeutic effect of the Extract of Wuwei Xiaodu Drink on spinal infection and provide the scientific basis for clinical application.Methods:By establishing a rabbit model of spinal infection,this paper observed and analyzed the changes in body mass before and after the intervention and the comparison of inflammation-related factors and blood leukocyte counts among the three groups.Results:There was a significant difference in the changes in body mass of rabbits before and after intervention in the experimental group,control group and blank group(P<0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in calcitoninogen,C-reactive protein and routine blood leukocyte counts between the experimental group and the control group(P>0.05),and there was a statistically significant difference in calcitoninogen,C-reactive protein and routine blood leukocyte counts between the experimental group and the blank group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The Extract of Wuwei Xiaodu Drink can play a protective role by regulating the level of inflammatory factors in blood routine leukocyte count and reducing the inflammatory reaction in the spinal cord injury area.展开更多
As optimization problems continue to grow in complexity,the need for effective metaheuristic algorithms becomes increasingly evident.However,the challenge lies in identifying the right parameters and strategies for th...As optimization problems continue to grow in complexity,the need for effective metaheuristic algorithms becomes increasingly evident.However,the challenge lies in identifying the right parameters and strategies for these algorithms.In this paper,we introduce the adaptive multi-strategy Rabbit Algorithm(RA).RA is inspired by the social interactions of rabbits,incorporating elements such as exploration,exploitation,and adaptation to address optimization challenges.It employs three distinct subgroups,comprising male,female,and child rabbits,to execute a multi-strategy search.Key parameters,including distance factor,balance factor,and learning factor,strike a balance between precision and computational efficiency.We offer practical recommendations for fine-tuning five essential RA parameters,making them versatile and independent.RA is capable of autonomously selecting adaptive parameter settings and mutation strategies,enabling it to successfully tackle a range of 17 CEC05 benchmark functions with dimensions scaling up to 5000.The results underscore RA’s superior performance in large-scale optimization tasks,surpassing other state-of-the-art metaheuristics in convergence speed,computational precision,and scalability.Finally,RA has demonstrated its proficiency in solving complicated optimization problems in real-world engineering by completing 10 problems in CEC2020.展开更多
Detecting cyber attacks in networks connected to the Internet of Things(IoT)is of utmost importance because of the growing vulnerabilities in the smart environment.Conventional models,such as Naive Bayes and support v...Detecting cyber attacks in networks connected to the Internet of Things(IoT)is of utmost importance because of the growing vulnerabilities in the smart environment.Conventional models,such as Naive Bayes and support vector machine(SVM),as well as ensemble methods,such as Gradient Boosting and eXtreme gradient boosting(XGBoost),are often plagued by high computational costs,which makes it challenging for them to perform real-time detection.In this regard,we suggested an attack detection approach that integrates Visual Geometry Group 16(VGG16),Artificial Rabbits Optimizer(ARO),and Random Forest Model to increase detection accuracy and operational efficiency in Internet of Things(IoT)networks.In the suggested model,the extraction of features from malware pictures was accomplished with the help of VGG16.The prediction process is carried out by the random forest model using the extracted features from the VGG16.Additionally,ARO is used to improve the hyper-parameters of the random forest model of the random forest.With an accuracy of 96.36%,the suggested model outperforms the standard models in terms of accuracy,F1-score,precision,and recall.The comparative research highlights our strategy’s success,which improves performance while maintaining a lower computational cost.This method is ideal for real-time applications,but it is effective.展开更多
Background:Makorin ring finger protein 3 gene(MKRN3)gene mutation is the most common genetic cause of central precocious puberty(CPP)in children.Due to the lack of ideal MKRN3-modified animal model(MKRN3-modified mice...Background:Makorin ring finger protein 3 gene(MKRN3)gene mutation is the most common genetic cause of central precocious puberty(CPP)in children.Due to the lack of ideal MKRN3-modified animal model(MKRN3-modified mice enter puberty only 4–5 days earlier than normal mice),the related research is limited.Methods:Therefore,the MKRN3-modified rabbit was developed using CRISPR(clus-tered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)gene editing technology.The genotype identification and phenotype evaluation of MKRN3-modified rabbits were carried out.Results:The first estrus of MKRN3-modified female rabbits was observed~27 days earlier than that of wild-type female rabbits,with a typical CPP phenotype.This study found increased gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH)and decreased gonadotropin inhibiting hormone(GnIH)in the hypothalamus of the CPP rabbit model with MKRN3 gene mutation.Although this study failed to fully clarify the pathogenesis of CPP caused by MKRN3 mutation,it found some differentially expressed genes and potential pathways through transcriptome sequencing.Conclusions:This study established a novel CPP model:paternal MKRN3 gene-modified rabbit.It is hoped that the establishment of this model will help researchers better understand,treat,and prevent CPP in the future.展开更多
This study aims to examine the explicit solution for calculating the Average Run Length(ARL)on the triple exponentially weighted moving average(TEWMA)control chart applied to autoregressive model(AR(p)),where AR(p)is ...This study aims to examine the explicit solution for calculating the Average Run Length(ARL)on the triple exponentially weighted moving average(TEWMA)control chart applied to autoregressive model(AR(p)),where AR(p)is an autoregressive model of order p,representing a time series with dependencies on its p previous values.Additionally,the study evaluates the accuracy of both explicit and numerical integral equation(NIE)solutions for AR(p)using the TEWMA control chart,focusing on the absolute percentage relative error.The results indicate that the explicit and approximate solutions are in close agreement.Furthermore,the study investigates the performance of exponentially weighted moving average(EWMA)and TEWMA control charts in detecting changes in the process,using the relative mean index(RMI)as a measure.The findings demonstrate that the TEWMA control chart outperforms the EWMA control chart in detecting process changes,especially when the value ofλis sufficiently large.In addition,an analysis using historical data from the SET index between January 2024 and May 2024 and historical data of global annual plastic production,the results of both data sets also emphasize the superior performance of the TEWMA control chart.展开更多
Spinal cord injury necessitates effective rehabilitation strategies, with exercise therapies showing promise in promoting recovery. This study investigated the impact of rehabilitation exercise on functional recovery ...Spinal cord injury necessitates effective rehabilitation strategies, with exercise therapies showing promise in promoting recovery. This study investigated the impact of rehabilitation exercise on functional recovery and morphological changes following thoracic contusive spinal cord injury. After a 7-day recovery period after spinal cord injury, mice were assigned to either a trained group(10 weeks of voluntary running wheel or forced treadmill exercise) or an untrained group. Bi-weekly assessments revealed that the exercise-trained group, particularly the voluntary wheel exercise subgroup, displayed significantly improved locomotor recovery, more plasticity of dopaminergic and serotonin modulation compared with the untrained group. Additionally, exercise interventions led to gait pattern restoration and enhanced transcranial magnetic motor-evoked potentials. Despite consistent injury areas across groups, exercise training promoted terminal innervation of descending axons. In summary, voluntary wheel exercise shows promise for enhancing outcomes after thoracic contusive spinal cord injury, emphasizing the role of exercise modality in promoting recovery and morphological changes in spinal cord injuries. Our findings will influence future strategies for rehabilitation exercises, restoring functional movement after spinal cord injury.展开更多
The gear transmission system directly affects the operational performance of high-speed trains(HST).However,current research on gear transmission systems of HST often overlooks the effects of gear eccentricity and run...The gear transmission system directly affects the operational performance of high-speed trains(HST).However,current research on gear transmission systems of HST often overlooks the effects of gear eccentricity and running resistance,and the dynamic models of gear transmission system are not sufficiently comprehensive.This paper aims to establish an electromechanical coupling dynamic model of HST traction transmission system and study its electromechanical coupling vibration characteristics,in which the internal excitation factors such as gear eccentricity,time-varying meshing stiffness,backlash,meshing error,and external excitation factors such as electromagnetic torque and running resistance are stressed.The research results indicate that gear eccentricity and running resistance have a significant impact on the stability of the system,and gear eccentricity leads to intensified system vibration and decreased anti-interference ability.In addition,the characteristic frequency of gear eccentricity can be extracted from mechanical signals and current signals as a preliminary basis for eccentricity detection,and electrical signals can also be used to monitor changes in train running resistance in real time.The results of this study provide some useful insights into designing dynamic performance parameters for HST transmission systems and monitoring train operational states.展开更多
Purpose We aimed to investigate the effects of running shoe longitudinal bending stiffness(LBS)and midsole energy return on running economy and ankle mechanics and energetics.Methods PubMed,Scopus,SPORTDiscus,Embase,C...Purpose We aimed to investigate the effects of running shoe longitudinal bending stiffness(LBS)and midsole energy return on running economy and ankle mechanics and energetics.Methods PubMed,Scopus,SPORTDiscus,Embase,CINAHL,and Web of Science were systematically searched for this meta-analysis.Crossover studies comparing the effects of running shoe LBS and/or midsole energy return on at least 1 of the following outcomes:running economy,ankle plantarflexion moment,work,power,or angular velocity were included.Results Of the 2453 studies screened,48 were included(n=878).Results indicated that advanced footwear technologies(AFTs)significantly reduced oxygen consumption(standardized mean difference=–0.44,95%confidence interval:–0.60 to–0.28),p<0.001)as well as peak ankle moments and positive/negative ankle work and power.However,neither LBS nor midsole energy return alone significantly affected oxygen consumption,ankle moments,positive and negative work,or positive power.The effects of AFTs were moderated by the training status and speed of the runner.The quality of evidence for all outcomes were low or very low for all outcomes except the effect of LBS on negative ankle work.Conclusion AFT may improve running economy by minimizing ankle moments,work,and power.The absence of significant independent effects of LBS and midsole energy return suggests that the benefits of AFTs arise from the interaction of these properties.Further research is necessary to understand the mechanisms for improved running performance in AFTs.展开更多
This study investigated the validity and sensitivity of a custom-made shoelace tensile testing system.The aim was to analyze the distribution pattern of shoelace tension in different positions and under different tigh...This study investigated the validity and sensitivity of a custom-made shoelace tensile testing system.The aim was to analyze the distribution pattern of shoelace tension in different positions and under different tightness levels during running.Mechanical tests were conducted using 16 weights,and various statistical analyses,including linear regression,Bland-Altman plots,coefficient of variation,and intraclass correlation coefficient,were performed to assess the system’s validity.Fifteen male amateur runners participated in the study,and three conditions(loose,comfortable,and tight)were measured during an upright stance.The system utilized VICON motion systems,a Kistler force plate,and a Photoelectric gate speed measurement system.Results showed a linear relationship between voltage and load at the three sensors(R2≥0.9997).Bland-Altman plots demonstrated 95%prediction intervals within±1.96SD from zero for all sensors.The average coefficient of variation for each sensor was less than 0.38%.Intraclass correlation coefficient values were larger than 0.999(p<0.0001)for each sensor.The peak tension of the front shoelace was greater than that of the front and middle when the shoelace was loose and tight.The rear shoelace had the highest tension force.The study also found that shoelace tension varied throughout the gait cycle during running.Overall,this research provides a novel and validated method for measuring shoelace tensile stress,which has implications for developing automatic shoelace fastening systems.展开更多
Urban environments offer a wealth of opportunities for residents to respite from their hectic life.Outdoor running or jogging becomes increasingly popular of an option.Impacts of urban environments on outdoor running,...Urban environments offer a wealth of opportunities for residents to respite from their hectic life.Outdoor running or jogging becomes increasingly popular of an option.Impacts of urban environments on outdoor running,despite some initial studies,remain underexplored.This study aims to establish an analytical framework that can holistically assess the urban environment on the healthy vitality of running.The proposed framework is applied to two modern Chinese cities,i.e.,Guangzhou and Shenzhen.We construct three interpretable random forest models to explore the non-linear relationship between environmental variables and running intensity(RI)through analyzing the runners'trajectories and integrating with multi-source urban big data(e.g.,street view imagery,remote sensing,and socio-economic data)across the built,natural,and social dimensions,The findings uncover that road density has the greatest impact on RI,and social variables(e.g.,population density and housing price)and natural variables(e.g.,slope and humidity)all make notable impact on outdoor running.Despite these findings,the impact of environmental variables likely change across different regions due to disparate regional construction and micro-environments,and those specific impacts as well as optimal thresholds also alter.Therefore,construction of healthy cities should take the whole urban environment into account and adapt to local conditions.This study provides a comprehensive evaluation on the influencing variables of healthy vitality and guides sustainable urban planning for creating running-friendly cities.展开更多
基金Supported by Lanzhou City Science and Technology Development Guiding Plan Project,No.2023-ZD-170Lanzhou Science and Technology Plan Project,No.2023-2-11High-Level Talent Training Project At the 940th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Force,No.2024-G3-5.
文摘BACKGROUND Tuberculosis is among the most devastating infectious diseases worldwide.Spinal tuberculosis is not easy to detect at an early stage,which without effective treatment often leads to spinal deformity and spinal cord damage which in turn cause complications such as paraplegia and quadriplegia.In this study,we established a model using three concentrations of bacteria and carried out a comprehensive evaluation of the model by imaging,general observations,and histopathological and bacteriological studies.AIM To establish a rabbit model of spinal tuberculosis and examine the effect on the model’s efficacy using different concentrations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tuberculosis)inoculum.METHODS New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into experimental,control and blank groups.The experimental and control animals were sensitized with complete Freund′s adjuvant,a hole was drilled beneath the upper endplate of the L6 vertebral body and filled with gelfoam sponge.The experimental group was divided into three subgroups(experimental 1,experimental 2,experimental 3)and infused with M.tuberculosis suspension at various concentrations.The control group was inoculated with saline and the blank group received no treatment.The 12-week post-operative survival rates were 100%,80%and 30%in the experimental groups inoculated with concentrations of 106,107 and 108 CFU/mL bacteria,respectively.RESULTS The survival rate of the control and blank groups was 100%.Vertebral body destruction at 8 weeks in the three experimental groups as determined by X-ray analysis was 33.3%,62.5%and 66.7%,and by computed tomography(CT)and 3-dimensional CT 44.4%,75%and 100%,respectively.At 12 weeks,the figures were 44.4%,75%and 100%by X-ray analysis and 44.4%,100%and 100%by CT and 3-dimensional CT,respectively.All surviving rabbits of the experimental groups had vertebral destruction.The positive bacterial culture rates were 22.2%,75%and 66.7%,respectively,in the experimental groups.After being sensitized with complete Freund's adjuvant,large differences were observed in the extent of spinal tuberculosis after inoculation of the rabbits with different concentrations of H37RV standard M.tuberculosis.CONCLUSION The experimental 1 had a low success rate at establishing an infection.The experimental 3 resulted in high mortality and complication rates.The experimental 2 was optimum for establishing a spinal tuberculosis model based on the high level of symptoms observed and the low rabbit mortality.
基金supported by adidas AG.MJ was not compensated for his contribution to this work.
文摘Objectives:The aim of this study was to compare the measured physiological factors that limit running performance with real marathon results from world-class distance runners,evaluating the compatibility between measured data and predicted results based on the previously suggested model.Methods:Four world-class East African marathon runners(three male,one female)underwent physiological running assessments to predict marathon performance times using a model based on˙V O_(2)peak,percentage of˙V O_(2)peak at the second ventilatory threshold,and running economy.Predictions were then compared to participants’best marathon times.Results:The measured˙V O_(2)peak of the world-class runners was 75.1±2.7 mL/kg/min.The second ventilatory threshold occurred at 85±3%of the peak,with a running economy of 63.7±2.4 mL/kg/min at 19.6±0.9 km/h.The predicted marathon performance time was 2:06:51±0:03:17 h:min:s for the males and 2:17:36 h:min:s for the female.Comparing these predictions to their personal best times,the average difference was 00:55±00:51 min:s(range:00:20-02:08).Conclusions:This research provides laboratory data on world-class road running athletes,reinforcing the link between marathon performance and˙V O_(2)peak,the percentage of˙VO_(2)peak at the second ventilatory threshold,and running economy.The examined athletes had lower˙V O_(2)peak compared to predicted values,highlighting the importance of running economy and fractional utilization of˙V O_(2)peak in achieving such performances.Future studies should continue to advance the field by including additional bioenergetic parameters measured during race conditions and expanding the participant cohort of elite marathoners,encompassing both sexes.
基金the Canadian Institutes of Health Research(CIHR),Grant/Award Number:PJT-175016the Fonds de recherche du Québec(FRQ)through the research centre grant for the CHU de Québec-UniversitéLaval Research Center,Grant/Award Number:30641+2 种基金the Quebec Cell,Tissue and Gene Therapy Network—ThéCellthe FRQS,the Fondation du CHU de Québec-UniversitéLavalNeuro Québec。
文摘Background:The absence of well-established immunosuppressed rabbit models poses a significant hurdle in xenograft experiments.Tacrolimus has been identified as a highly promising immunosuppressive agent for rabbits.However,determining the optimal dosage and route of administration to minimize toxicity while maintaining efficacy remains challenging.Methods:In this study,we investigated the effect of orally administered tacrolimus in rabbits,with an aim to achieve a whole blood target trough level of 3-10 ng/m L,and looked at signs of tissue rejection after the transplantation of a human nerve conduit to repair a severed fibular nerve.An oral dosage range of 0.25-1.5 mg/kg/d was studied for up to 1 year in 63 New Zealand rabbits.Results:We demonstrated the feasibility of long-term grafting in rabbits while maintaining safe immunosuppression,with side effects mainly limited to diarrhea.Customizing the administered dose proved crucial for graft efficacy and low toxicity,which translated into 100%individual survival.We suggest an oral tacrolimus dose of 1.0-1.5 mg/kg depending on individual heterogeneity and recommend to implement a close therapeutic drug monitoring in the rabbits to maintain a whole blood tacrolimus trough level within the range of 5-12 ng/m L,as levels below 5 ng/m L showed signs of inflammation in the graft.Conclusion:The oral administration of tacrolimus enabled efficient immunosuppression of rabbits over a 1-year period without significant side effects or loss of animals.
基金Key Project of Joint Special Funds for Applied Basic Research of Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Kunming Medical University,Grant/Award Number:2018FE001-(180)Clinical Research Center of the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province,Grant/Award Number:2023YJZX-LN01+2 种基金Kunming University of Science and Technology School of Medicine Postgraduate Innovation FundResearch Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82460210Provincial Key Clinical Specialty Platform of the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province,Grant/Award Number:2024EKKFKT-04。
文摘Background:Diabetic retinal neuropathy(DRN)leads to significant visual impairment;however,no existing animal model fully replicates its neural alterations,and inconsistent induction protocols with high mortality rates hinder long-term investigations.Methods:Adult male rabbits were randomly assigned to four experimental groups,each receiving a single intravenous injection of varying doses of alloxan and one control group.The safety and efficacy of alloxan in inducing diabetes were evaluated to determine the optimal dose.At 9 weeks following injection with alloxan,retinal function was assessed using full-field electroretinography(ERG)and visual evoked potentials(VEPs).Retinal structure was examined in rabbits using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT),Optos ultra-widefield(Optos UWF)false-color imaging,and widefield fundus fluorescein angiography(WF-FFA).Results:Rabbits in the 80 mg/kg alloxan group exhibited fewer complications,lower mortality,and a higher model success rate compared to other groups.At 9 weeks post-injection,these rabbits demonstrated significantly elevated hemoglobin A1c and total cholesterol(p<0.05)relative to controls.ERG revealed statistically significant reductions in oscillatory potential and b-wave amplitudes(p<0.05),while VEP indicated decreased P2 amplitude(p<0.001)and prolonged P2 latency(p<0.05).SD-OCT,Optos UWF imaging,and WF-FFA demonstrated no significant changes in vascular abnormalities.Additionally,Hematoxylin and Eosin staining revealed retinal swelling(p<0.05),and immunofluorescence confirmed glial activation and neuronal loss.Conclusions:A single intravenous injection of 80 mg/kg alloxan effectively and safely induced DRN in rabbits,resulting in neural retina damage,thereby establishing this model as an ideal model for DRN research.
基金the College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, for providing the necessary facilities and support to carry out this research.
文摘Background:There are many forms of anabolic steroids,including stanozolol(Winstrol),which are popular for their muscle-building effects but dangerous to the heart.This pre-sent work is aimed at evaluating the pharmacologica impact of allicin,a natural attribute obtained from garlic,on obstructing cardiac injury in rabbits that received stanozolol.Methods:Thirty rabbits were divided into three groups:control,stanozolol-treated,and stanozolol plus allicin.Cardiac function was assessed by measuring troponin,creatine kinase(CK),Galectin-3,and GDF-15.Oxidative stress and antioxidant markers,includ-ing malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione,and catalase,were analyzed.Inflammatory mediators such as C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin-6(IL-6),NF-κB,iNOS,nitric oxide(NO),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),and interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β)were evaluated.Lipid profile parameters,including total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein(LDL),and high-density lipoprotein(HDL),were measured.Histopathological examina-tion assessed myocardial damage,fibrosis,and collagen deposition.Results:Stanozolol administration significantly increased cardiac damage markers,oxidative stress,and inflammatory mediators while causing dyslipidemia,characterized by elevated LDL and total cholesterol and reduced HDL.Allicin co-administration effectively countered these effects by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation,restoring antioxidant balance,and improving lipid profiles.Histopathological analysis revealed severe myocardial disor-ganization,necrosis,and fibrosis in the stanozolol group,whereas the allicin-treated group exhibited preserved myocardial structure with reduced collagen deposition.Conclusion:Allicin significantly mitigates stanozolol-induced cardiotoxicity by reduc-ing oxidative stress,inflammation,lipid dysregulation,and myocardial damage,as evidenced by biochemical and histopathological findings.These results suggest that allicin may serve as a potential therapeutic agent to counteract the cardiovascular risks associated with anabolic steroid use.
基金supported by the Charles University Cooperatio Program,Research Areas MED/DIAG,and Surgical Disciplinessupport from the Ministry of Education,Youth,and Sports of the Czech Republic under Project FIND No.CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000787.L.V.was also supported by Charles University SVV-2025260773.
文摘Background : Scleral fixation of intraocular lenses is a surgical technique that involves anchoring an artificial lens to the sclera. Traditional approaches, such as capsular bag placement, may not be feasible in certain situations, making scleral fixation a valuable alternative. The scleral reactions to different types of suture materials are not fully understood. Therefore, the present study describes the microscopic structure of normal scleral tissue and its changes with suture materials. Methods : We compared six groups of rabbit eyes focusing on the sclera: group with polytetrafluoroethylene( PTFE) chain, PTFE fiber, polypropylene( PPE) fiber and control groups. multilevel sampling and stereological methods were used for histological quantification of the leukocyte infiltration fractions and type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen. Results : Quantitative histological evaluation revealed the following:(1) For all materials used, inflammation was present in the surrounding scleral tissue compared with healthy controls. However, leukocyte infiltration in the sclera was not statistically different between the materials.(2) As part of the evaluation of collagen, the greatest changes occurred in the PTFE fiber group at 2 weeks postoperatively. In the PTFE chain group, more significant changes were visible at 4 weeks.(3) The changes in the PPE fiber group compared to healthy scleral tissue were the least significant. Conclusions : From a histological point of view, it is evident that there are differences in the quantitative parameters between the untouched sclera and the sclera with suture material. Furthermore, distinctions were observed among various materials and across different time intervals.
文摘Tracheal collapse(TC),defined by excessive tracheal collapsibility,often results in severe respiratory distress in small-breed dogs.Surgical intervention,including the placement of extraluminal stents,has been employed as a treatment option.Owing to the anatomical and physiological similarities between rabbit and canine tracheas,a rabbit model was utilized to develop a novel extraluminal silicone tracheal stent and evaluate its feasibility in treating tracheomalacia.The stent was surgically implanted in eight New Zealand White rabbits after the induction of tracheomalacia.Postoperative evaluations,including clinical assessment,radiography,computed tomography(CT),and histological analysis,were performed at 1,2,and 6 months post-implantation.All rabbits in the stent group survived without exhibiting signs of respiratory distress,whereas all rabbits in the tracheomalacia group experienced respiratory distress,with one succumbing to respiratory failure.Radiographic and CT evaluations confirmed that the stent effectively maintained airway patency,with tracheal measurements not significantly different from the preoperative values,indicating successful restora-tion of tracheal diameter.Histological analysis demonstrated minimal inflammatory response,the absence of fibrosis,and preserved structural integrity of the tracheal cartilage.Therefore,the novel extraluminal silicone tracheal stent provides effective airway support while minimizing adverse tissue reactions.Further studies,including the use of this stent in a canine TC model and assessment of its long-term outcomes,are warranted to explore its potential clinical applications in veterinary medicine.
基金The 64th batch of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2018M640754National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:81860870The“Wang Heng xin Scientific Research Fund”project of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,Grant/Award Number:2023HX007。
文摘Glaucoma,a visual thief,is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure(IOP)and the loss of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs).Selecting suitable animals for preclinical models is of great significance in research on the prevention,early screening,and effective treatments of glaucoma.Rabbit eyeballs possess similar vascularity and aqueous humor outflow pathways to those of humans.Thus,they are among the earliest in vivo models used in glaucoma research.Over the years,rabbit models have made substantial contributions to understanding glaucomatous pathophysiology,surgical adaptations,biomedical device development,and drug development for reducing IOP,protecting RGCs,and inhibiting fibrosis.Compared to other animals,rabbits fit better with surgical operations and cost less.This review summarizes the merits and demerits of different ways to produce glaucomatous rabbit models,such as intracameral injection,vortex vein obstruction,Trendelenburg position,laser photo-coagulation,glucocorticoid induction,limbal buckling induction,retinal ischemia–reperfusion models,and spontaneous models.We analyzed their mechanisms in the hope of providing more references for experimental design and promoting the understanding of glaucoma treatment strategies.
基金supported by the Jilin Provincial Department of Education Science and Technology Research Project(JJKH20231141K)Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province of China(20230101154JC)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2022QNRC001)。
文摘Chronic pancreatitis(CP)is a progressive and irreversible fibroinflammatory disease that markedly increases susceptibility to pancreatic cancer and remains without effective targeted therapies.Among the genetic contributors to CP,the carboxypeptidase A1 p.Ser282Pro(CPA1^(S282P))variant has been proposed to promote disease through misfolding-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS),although the broader pathogenic landscape remains incompletely defined.This study generated a rabbit model mimicking the human CPA1S282P mutation using the SpRY-ABE-8.17 system.Homozygous CPA1^(S282P)rabbits exhibited characteristic human CP phenotypes following alcohol induction,including visceral pain,elevated serum lipase and amylase,inflammatory cell infiltration,and extensive pancreatic fibrosis.Biochemical analyses confirmed that the p.S282P mutation induced CPA1 misfolding and elevated the expression of ERS markers GRP78 and CHOP in both transfected HEK293T cells and homozygous mutant rabbits.Notably,the CPA1^(S282P)mutation markedly disrupted intra-pancreatic lipid homeostasis,contributing to the development of CP in mutant rabbits.This study successfully established the first rabbit model of CP that accurately recapitulates CP caused by a defined human point mutation.Additionally,this study provides insights into a previously unrecognized link between CPA1 and intra-pancreatic lipid metabolism,offering a foundation for identifying novel therapeutic targets for human CP.
基金Shandong Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project Task Book Number(Project No.:M-2022178)2024 Shandong Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project(Project No.:Z20242407)。
文摘Objective:To study the therapeutic effect of the Extract of Wuwei Xiaodu Drink on spinal infection and provide the scientific basis for clinical application.Methods:By establishing a rabbit model of spinal infection,this paper observed and analyzed the changes in body mass before and after the intervention and the comparison of inflammation-related factors and blood leukocyte counts among the three groups.Results:There was a significant difference in the changes in body mass of rabbits before and after intervention in the experimental group,control group and blank group(P<0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in calcitoninogen,C-reactive protein and routine blood leukocyte counts between the experimental group and the control group(P>0.05),and there was a statistically significant difference in calcitoninogen,C-reactive protein and routine blood leukocyte counts between the experimental group and the blank group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The Extract of Wuwei Xiaodu Drink can play a protective role by regulating the level of inflammatory factors in blood routine leukocyte count and reducing the inflammatory reaction in the spinal cord injury area.
文摘As optimization problems continue to grow in complexity,the need for effective metaheuristic algorithms becomes increasingly evident.However,the challenge lies in identifying the right parameters and strategies for these algorithms.In this paper,we introduce the adaptive multi-strategy Rabbit Algorithm(RA).RA is inspired by the social interactions of rabbits,incorporating elements such as exploration,exploitation,and adaptation to address optimization challenges.It employs three distinct subgroups,comprising male,female,and child rabbits,to execute a multi-strategy search.Key parameters,including distance factor,balance factor,and learning factor,strike a balance between precision and computational efficiency.We offer practical recommendations for fine-tuning five essential RA parameters,making them versatile and independent.RA is capable of autonomously selecting adaptive parameter settings and mutation strategies,enabling it to successfully tackle a range of 17 CEC05 benchmark functions with dimensions scaling up to 5000.The results underscore RA’s superior performance in large-scale optimization tasks,surpassing other state-of-the-art metaheuristics in convergence speed,computational precision,and scalability.Finally,RA has demonstrated its proficiency in solving complicated optimization problems in real-world engineering by completing 10 problems in CEC2020.
基金funded by Institutional Fund Projects under grant no.(IFPDP-261-22)。
文摘Detecting cyber attacks in networks connected to the Internet of Things(IoT)is of utmost importance because of the growing vulnerabilities in the smart environment.Conventional models,such as Naive Bayes and support vector machine(SVM),as well as ensemble methods,such as Gradient Boosting and eXtreme gradient boosting(XGBoost),are often plagued by high computational costs,which makes it challenging for them to perform real-time detection.In this regard,we suggested an attack detection approach that integrates Visual Geometry Group 16(VGG16),Artificial Rabbits Optimizer(ARO),and Random Forest Model to increase detection accuracy and operational efficiency in Internet of Things(IoT)networks.In the suggested model,the extraction of features from malware pictures was accomplished with the help of VGG16.The prediction process is carried out by the random forest model using the extracted features from the VGG16.Additionally,ARO is used to improve the hyper-parameters of the random forest model of the random forest.With an accuracy of 96.36%,the suggested model outperforms the standard models in terms of accuracy,F1-score,precision,and recall.The comparative research highlights our strategy’s success,which improves performance while maintaining a lower computational cost.This method is ideal for real-time applications,but it is effective.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82101937Guangdong Medical Science and Technology Research Fund Project,China,Grant/Award Number:B2024069Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project,China,Grant/Award Number:2024A04J4923 and SL2023A04J02229。
文摘Background:Makorin ring finger protein 3 gene(MKRN3)gene mutation is the most common genetic cause of central precocious puberty(CPP)in children.Due to the lack of ideal MKRN3-modified animal model(MKRN3-modified mice enter puberty only 4–5 days earlier than normal mice),the related research is limited.Methods:Therefore,the MKRN3-modified rabbit was developed using CRISPR(clus-tered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)gene editing technology.The genotype identification and phenotype evaluation of MKRN3-modified rabbits were carried out.Results:The first estrus of MKRN3-modified female rabbits was observed~27 days earlier than that of wild-type female rabbits,with a typical CPP phenotype.This study found increased gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH)and decreased gonadotropin inhibiting hormone(GnIH)in the hypothalamus of the CPP rabbit model with MKRN3 gene mutation.Although this study failed to fully clarify the pathogenesis of CPP caused by MKRN3 mutation,it found some differentially expressed genes and potential pathways through transcriptome sequencing.Conclusions:This study established a novel CPP model:paternal MKRN3 gene-modified rabbit.It is hoped that the establishment of this model will help researchers better understand,treat,and prevent CPP in the future.
基金the National Science,Research and Innovation Fund(NSRF)King Mongkuts University of Technology North Bangkok under contract no.KMUTNB-FF-68-B-08.
文摘This study aims to examine the explicit solution for calculating the Average Run Length(ARL)on the triple exponentially weighted moving average(TEWMA)control chart applied to autoregressive model(AR(p)),where AR(p)is an autoregressive model of order p,representing a time series with dependencies on its p previous values.Additionally,the study evaluates the accuracy of both explicit and numerical integral equation(NIE)solutions for AR(p)using the TEWMA control chart,focusing on the absolute percentage relative error.The results indicate that the explicit and approximate solutions are in close agreement.Furthermore,the study investigates the performance of exponentially weighted moving average(EWMA)and TEWMA control charts in detecting changes in the process,using the relative mean index(RMI)as a measure.The findings demonstrate that the TEWMA control chart outperforms the EWMA control chart in detecting process changes,especially when the value ofλis sufficiently large.In addition,an analysis using historical data from the SET index between January 2024 and May 2024 and historical data of global annual plastic production,the results of both data sets also emphasize the superior performance of the TEWMA control chart.
基金supported by the NIH (R01NS103481, R01NS111776, and R01NS131489)Indiana Department of Health (ISDH58180)(all to WW)。
文摘Spinal cord injury necessitates effective rehabilitation strategies, with exercise therapies showing promise in promoting recovery. This study investigated the impact of rehabilitation exercise on functional recovery and morphological changes following thoracic contusive spinal cord injury. After a 7-day recovery period after spinal cord injury, mice were assigned to either a trained group(10 weeks of voluntary running wheel or forced treadmill exercise) or an untrained group. Bi-weekly assessments revealed that the exercise-trained group, particularly the voluntary wheel exercise subgroup, displayed significantly improved locomotor recovery, more plasticity of dopaminergic and serotonin modulation compared with the untrained group. Additionally, exercise interventions led to gait pattern restoration and enhanced transcranial magnetic motor-evoked potentials. Despite consistent injury areas across groups, exercise training promoted terminal innervation of descending axons. In summary, voluntary wheel exercise shows promise for enhancing outcomes after thoracic contusive spinal cord injury, emphasizing the role of exercise modality in promoting recovery and morphological changes in spinal cord injuries. Our findings will influence future strategies for rehabilitation exercises, restoring functional movement after spinal cord injury.
基金supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2020YFH0080)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51475386)the National Basic Research Project of China(973 Program,Grant No.2015CB654801).
文摘The gear transmission system directly affects the operational performance of high-speed trains(HST).However,current research on gear transmission systems of HST often overlooks the effects of gear eccentricity and running resistance,and the dynamic models of gear transmission system are not sufficiently comprehensive.This paper aims to establish an electromechanical coupling dynamic model of HST traction transmission system and study its electromechanical coupling vibration characteristics,in which the internal excitation factors such as gear eccentricity,time-varying meshing stiffness,backlash,meshing error,and external excitation factors such as electromagnetic torque and running resistance are stressed.The research results indicate that gear eccentricity and running resistance have a significant impact on the stability of the system,and gear eccentricity leads to intensified system vibration and decreased anti-interference ability.In addition,the characteristic frequency of gear eccentricity can be extracted from mechanical signals and current signals as a preliminary basis for eccentricity detection,and electrical signals can also be used to monitor changes in train running resistance in real time.The results of this study provide some useful insights into designing dynamic performance parameters for HST transmission systems and monitoring train operational states.
基金supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council(NHMRC)Investigator Grant Emerging Leadership Level 1(Grant No.2017012).
文摘Purpose We aimed to investigate the effects of running shoe longitudinal bending stiffness(LBS)and midsole energy return on running economy and ankle mechanics and energetics.Methods PubMed,Scopus,SPORTDiscus,Embase,CINAHL,and Web of Science were systematically searched for this meta-analysis.Crossover studies comparing the effects of running shoe LBS and/or midsole energy return on at least 1 of the following outcomes:running economy,ankle plantarflexion moment,work,power,or angular velocity were included.Results Of the 2453 studies screened,48 were included(n=878).Results indicated that advanced footwear technologies(AFTs)significantly reduced oxygen consumption(standardized mean difference=–0.44,95%confidence interval:–0.60 to–0.28),p<0.001)as well as peak ankle moments and positive/negative ankle work and power.However,neither LBS nor midsole energy return alone significantly affected oxygen consumption,ankle moments,positive and negative work,or positive power.The effects of AFTs were moderated by the training status and speed of the runner.The quality of evidence for all outcomes were low or very low for all outcomes except the effect of LBS on negative ankle work.Conclusion AFT may improve running economy by minimizing ankle moments,work,and power.The absence of significant independent effects of LBS and midsole energy return suggests that the benefits of AFTs arise from the interaction of these properties.Further research is necessary to understand the mechanisms for improved running performance in AFTs.
文摘This study investigated the validity and sensitivity of a custom-made shoelace tensile testing system.The aim was to analyze the distribution pattern of shoelace tension in different positions and under different tightness levels during running.Mechanical tests were conducted using 16 weights,and various statistical analyses,including linear regression,Bland-Altman plots,coefficient of variation,and intraclass correlation coefficient,were performed to assess the system’s validity.Fifteen male amateur runners participated in the study,and three conditions(loose,comfortable,and tight)were measured during an upright stance.The system utilized VICON motion systems,a Kistler force plate,and a Photoelectric gate speed measurement system.Results showed a linear relationship between voltage and load at the three sensors(R2≥0.9997).Bland-Altman plots demonstrated 95%prediction intervals within±1.96SD from zero for all sensors.The average coefficient of variation for each sensor was less than 0.38%.Intraclass correlation coefficient values were larger than 0.999(p<0.0001)for each sensor.The peak tension of the front shoelace was greater than that of the front and middle when the shoelace was loose and tight.The rear shoelace had the highest tension force.The study also found that shoelace tension varied throughout the gait cycle during running.Overall,this research provides a novel and validated method for measuring shoelace tensile stress,which has implications for developing automatic shoelace fastening systems.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42171455The Hong Kong RGC Research Impact Fund,No.R5011-23The Hong Kong General Research Fund,No.15204121。
文摘Urban environments offer a wealth of opportunities for residents to respite from their hectic life.Outdoor running or jogging becomes increasingly popular of an option.Impacts of urban environments on outdoor running,despite some initial studies,remain underexplored.This study aims to establish an analytical framework that can holistically assess the urban environment on the healthy vitality of running.The proposed framework is applied to two modern Chinese cities,i.e.,Guangzhou and Shenzhen.We construct three interpretable random forest models to explore the non-linear relationship between environmental variables and running intensity(RI)through analyzing the runners'trajectories and integrating with multi-source urban big data(e.g.,street view imagery,remote sensing,and socio-economic data)across the built,natural,and social dimensions,The findings uncover that road density has the greatest impact on RI,and social variables(e.g.,population density and housing price)and natural variables(e.g.,slope and humidity)all make notable impact on outdoor running.Despite these findings,the impact of environmental variables likely change across different regions due to disparate regional construction and micro-environments,and those specific impacts as well as optimal thresholds also alter.Therefore,construction of healthy cities should take the whole urban environment into account and adapt to local conditions.This study provides a comprehensive evaluation on the influencing variables of healthy vitality and guides sustainable urban planning for creating running-friendly cities.
